Technical College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: refinery

Name of Experiment: Bulk Polymerization:

.

Submitted by: Bayar Shawkat

Experiment No: 1
Date of experiment: 22/9/2019

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EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
 Introduction
Bulk polymerization is carried out in the absence of any solvent
or dispersant and is thus the simplest in terms of formulation. It
is used for most step-growth polymers and many types of chain-
growth polymers. In the case of chain-growth reactions, which
are generally exothermic, the heat evolved may cause the
reaction to become too vigorous and difficult to control unless
efficient cooling coils are installed in the reaction vessel. Bulk
polymerizations are also difficult to stir because of the high
viscosity, associated with high-molecular-weight polymers.
Apparatus used :

 Balance
 round bottom flask
 beaker
 watch glass
 condenser
 heater and magnetic stirrer
 water bath and thermometer
 Answer the questions
1-

Step-Growth Chain-Growth

All molecules present (monomer, oligomer, During propagation, only monomers react
polymer) can react with any other to the “active site” at the end of the
molecule. growing chain.

Monomers exist throughout the reaction, Monomers exist throughout the reaction;
but large quantities of monomers are its concentration decreases steadily with
consumed early in the reaction. time.

The reaction proceeds rapidly at the

beginning but the molecular weight
increases only slowly and high MW's are
only attained at the end of the process
by long oligomers reacting with each-
other.
The reaction speed depends on the
concentration of initiator (and co-initiator)
and high-molecular weight polymers form
throughout the duration of the reaction.
2-
Monomer Polymer Name Trade Name

F2C=CF2 polytetrafluoroethylene Teflon

H2C=CCl2 polyvinylidene dichloride Saran

H2C=CH(CN) polyacrylonitrile Orlon, Acrilan, Creslan

H2C=CH(OCOCH3) polyvinyl acetate

H2C=CH(OH) polyvinyl alcohol

H2C=C(CH3)COOCH3 polymethyl methacrylate Plexiglass, Lucite

H2C=CH-C(CH3)=CH2 polyisoprene natural or some

synthetic rubber
H2C=CH-CH=CH2 polybutadiene polybutadiene synthetic
rubber

3-
A- polyvinyl acetate
B- polyvinyl alcohol