Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
500.1 Description
Asbestos cement pipe for culverts and storm drains AASHTO M 217
Joint Mortar – Joint mortar for concrete pipes shall consist of 1 part, by
volume of Portland Cement and two (2) parts of approved sand with water as
necessary to obtain the required consistency.
Portland Cement and sand shall conform to the requirements of Item 405,
Structural Concrete. Mortar shall be used within 30 minutes after its preparation.
77
Oakum – Oakum for joints in bell and spigot pipes shall be made from
hemp (Cannavis Sativa) line or Benares Sunn fiber or from a combination of
these fibers. The oakum shall be thoroughly corded and finished and practically
free from lumps, dirt and extraneous matter.
The completed trench bottom shall be firm for its full length and width.
Where required, in the case of crop drains, the trench shall have a longitudinal
camber of the magnitude specified.
500.3.2 Bedding
78
Class B bedding shall consist of bedding the conduit to a depth of not
less than 30 percent of the vertical outside diameter of the conduit. The minimum
thickness of bedding material beneath the pipe shall be 100 mm. The bedding
material shall be sand or selected sandy soil all of which passes a 9.5 mm sieve
and not more than 10 percent of which passes a 0.075 mm sieve. The layer of
the bedding material shall be shaped to fit the conduit for at least 15 percent of
its total height. Recesses in the trench bottom shall be shaped to accommodate
the bell when bell and spigot type conduit is used.
For flexible pipe, the bed shall be roughly shaped and a bedding blanket
of sand or fine granular material as specified above shall be provided as follows:
10 mm 25 mm
25 mm 50 mm
50 mm 75 mm
For large diameter structural plate pipes the shaped bed need not
exceed the width of bottom plate.
The conduit laying shall begin at the downstream end of the conduit line.
The lower segment of the conduit shall be in contact with the shaped bedding
throughout its full length. Bell or groove ends of rigid conduits and outside
circumferential laps of flexible conduits shall be placed facing upstream. Flexible
conduit shall be placed with longitudinal laps or seams at the sides.
Rigid conduits may either be of bell and spigot or tongue and groove
design unless another type is specified. The method of joining conduit sections
shall be such that the ends are fully entered and the inner surfaces are
reasonably flush and even.
79
Joints shall be made with (a) Portland Cement mortar, (b) Portland
Cement grout, (c) rubber gaskets, (d) oakum and mortar, (e) oakum and joint
compound, (f) plastic sealing compound, or by a combination of these types, or
any other type, as may be specified. Mortar joints shall be made with an excess
of mortar to form a continuous bead around the outside of the conduit and
finished smooth on the inside. For grouted joints, molds or runners shall be used
to retain the poured grout. Rubber ring gaskets shall be installed so as to form a
flexible water-tight seal. Where oakum is used, the joint shall be called with this
material and then sealed with the specified material.
When Portland Cement mixtures are used, the completed joints shall be
protected against rapid drying by any suitable covering material.
Conduits shall be inspected before any backfill is placed. Any pipe found
to be out of alignment, unduly settled, or damaged shall be taken up and relaid or
replaced.
500.3.6 Backfilling
Materials for backfilling on each side of the conduit for the full trench width
and to an elevation of 300 mm above the top of the conduit shall be fine, readily
compactible soil or granular material selected from excavation or from a source
of the Contractor’s choice, and shall not contain stones that would be retained on
a 50 mm sieve, chunks of highly plastic clay, or other objectionable material.
Granular backfill material shall have not less than 95 percent passing a 12.5 mm
sieve and not less than 95 percent retained on a 4.75 mm sieve. Oversized
material, if present, shall be removed at the source of the material, except as
directed by the Engineer.
80
When the top of the conduit is flushed with or below the top of the trench,
backfill material shall be placed at or near optimum moisture content and
compacted in layers not exceeding 150 mm (compacted) on both sides to an
elevation 300 mm above the top of the conduit. Care shall be exercised to
thoroughly compact the backfill under the haunches of the conduit. The backfill
shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the conduit for the full required
length. Except where negative projecting embankment-type installation is
specified, the backfill material shall be placed and compacted for the full depth of
the trench.
When the top of the conduit is above the top of the trench, backfill shall be
placed at or near optimum moisture content and compacted in layers not
exceeding 300 mm (compacted). It shall be brought up evenly on both sides of
the conduit for its full length to an elevation 300 mm above the top of the conduit.
The width of the backfill on each side of the conduit for the portion above the top
of the trench shall be equal to twice the diameter of the conduit or 3.5 m,
whichever is less. The backfill material used in the trench section and the portion
above the top of the trench for a distance on each side of the conduit equal to the
horizontal inside diameter and to 300 mm above the top of the conduit shall
conform to the requirements for backfill materials in this Subsection. The
remainder of the backfill shall consist of materials from excavation and borrow
that is suitable for embankment construction.
Under this method, for rigid conduit, the embankment shall be completed
as described in Subsection 500.3.6, Backfilling, to a height above the conduit
equal to the vertical outside diameter of the conduit plus 300 mm. A trench equal
in width to the outside horizontal diameter of the conduit and to the length shown
on the plans or as directed by the Engineer shall then be excavated to within 300
mm of the top of the conduit, trench walls being as nearly vertical as possible.
The trench shall be loosely filled with highly compressible soil. Construction of
embankment above shall then proceed in a normal manner.
Conduit of the different types and sizes, both new and relaid, will be
measured by the linear metre in place. Conduit with sloped or skewed ends will
be measured along the invert.
81
Each section will be measured by the number of units installed.
When the Bid Schedule contains an estimated quantity for “Furnishing and
Placing Backfill Material, Pipe Culvert”, the quantity to be paid for will be the
number of cubic metre completed in place and accepted, measured in final
position between limits as follows:
2. When the original ground line is less than 300 mm above the top
of the pipe, the measurement will also include the placing of all
backfill materials, above the original ground line adjacent to the
pipe for a height of 300 mm above the top of pipe and for a
distance on each side of the pipe not greater than the widest
horizontal dimension of the pipe.
Excavation for culverts and storm drains, including excavation below flow
line grade and for imperfect trench, shall be measured and paid for as provided
in Item 103, Structure Excavation.
Concrete for Class A bedding will be paid for under Item 405, Structural
Concrete.
82
When the Bid Schedule does not contain as estimated quantity for
“Furnishing and Placing Backfill Material, Pipe Culvert” payment for placing
backfill material around pipe culverts will be considered as included in the
payment for excavation of the backfill material.
501.1 Description
83
Granular Backfill Filter Material – Granular backfill filter material shall be
permeable and shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 6, except that
soundness tests will not be required and minor variation in grading and content of
deleterious substances may be approved by the Engineer.
Subdrainage pipe of the type and size specified shall be embedded firmly
in the bedding material.
Perforated pipe shall normally, be placed with the perforations down and
the pipe sections shall be joined securely with the appropriate coupling fittings or
bands.
Non-perforated pipe shall be laid with the bell end upgrade and with open
joints wrapped with suitable material to permit entry of water, or unwrapped as
may be specified. Upgrade end sections of all subdrainage pipe installations shall
be closed with suitable plugs to prevent entry of soil materials.
After the pipe installation has been inspected and approved, granular
backfill material shall be placed to a height of 300 mm above the top of pipe.
Care shall be taken not to displace the pipe or the covering at open joints. The
remainder of the granular backfill material shall then be placed and compacted in
150 mm maximum layers to the required height. Any remaining portion of trench
above the granular backfill shall be filled with either granular or impervious
material, as may be specified, and thoroughly compacted.
84
501.3.2 Underdrain Outlets
Trenches for underdrain outlets shall be excavated to the width and depth
shown on the Plans or as otherwise directed. Pipes shall be laid in the trench
with all ends firmly joined by the applicable methods and means. After inspection
and approval of the pipe installation, the trench shall be backfilled in accordance
with Item 103, Structure Excavation.
Trenches for blind drains shall be excavated to the width and depth shown
on the Plans. The trench shall be filled with granular backfill material to the depth
required by the Plans. Any remaining upper portion of trench shall be filled with
either granular or impervious material in accordance with Item 103, Structure
Excavation.
Underdrains and outlets shall be measured by the linear meter for pipe of
the type and size specified. Blind drains shall be measured by the linear meter
including all excavation and backfill materials required.
Excavation for underdrain pipe will be measured and paid for as provided
in Item 103, Structure Excavation.
85
ITEM 502 – MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCH BASINS
502.1 Description
Concrete for these structures shall meet the requirements of Item 405,
Structural Concrete. Other materials shall meet the following specifications:
Corrugated Metal Units – The units shall conform to Plan dimensions and
the metal to AASHTO M 36. Bituminous coating, when specified, shall conform to
ASTM D 1187, Asphalt-base Emulsion for use as Protective Coating for Metal.
Joint Mortar- Unless otherwise indicated on the Plans, joints mortar shall
be composed of one part Portland Cement and two parts fine aggregate by
volume to which hydrated lime has been added in an amount equal to 10 percent
of the cement by weight. All materials for mortar shall meet the requirements of
Item 405, Structural Concrete.
Frames, Gratings, Covers and Ladder Rungs – Metal units shall conform
to the Plan dimensions and to the following specification requirements for the
designated materials.
Metal gratings and covers which are to rest on frames shall bear on them
evenly. They shall be assembled before shipment and so marked that the same
pieces may be reassembled readily in the same position when installed.
Inaccuracy of bearings shall be corrected by machining, if necessary. A frame
and a grating or cover to be used with it shall constitute one pair.
Samples of the material in casting shall be taken during the casting of the
86
units and shall be separate casting poured from the same material as the casting
they represent.
87
Metal frames shall be set in full mortar bed. Pipe sections shall be flushed
on the inside of the structure wall and projected outside sufficiently for proper
connection with next pipe section. Masonry shall fit neatly and tightly around the
pipe.
Standard manholes, inlets and catch basins, both new and reconstructed
as applicable, will be measured by the unit. Any additional concrete, reinforcing
steel, or masonry required for authorized increases in heights of structures paid
of under this Item and in excess of the standard height shown on the Plans will
be measured and paid for under Item 405, Structural Concrete and Item 404,
Reinforcing Steel, as applicable. Structures noted on the Plans as “junction
boxes” will be measured for payment as manholes.
The number of concrete covers, pairs of metal frames and gratings, and
pairs of metal frames and covers will be measured as acceptably completed.
Excavation and backfill will be measured and paid for as provided in Item
103, Structure Excavation.
88
Payment will be made under:
503.1 Description
This item shall consist of furnishing all materials, tools, and equipment
including labor required in undertaking the proper application of steel grating with
frame as shown on the approved Plans and in accordance with this Specification.
Classes of grates that are commonly use in drainage work are sump,
trench and box.
Sump grates shall be used to create a trafficable ground level entry area
for surface rainwater to flow into the underground stormwater drainage system.
Sump grates shall be used in paved or grassed areas that are graded to direct
the surface water to a single pit or to a series of pits. Sump grates shall be plain
or hinged.
Trench grates shall be used to collect surface rainwater run off from areas
that cannot be graded to direct flow into a single pit.
Box grates or road drainage shall be used to transfer road surface storm
water into an underground drainage system. Normally used in conjunction with
kerb entry, the addition of the grate significantly increases the hydraulic capacity
of the inlet, particularly on steep slopes.
89
503.3 Strength Classifications and the Loading Conditions for Sump,
Trench and Box Grates
For locations trafficked by fast moving fully laden trucks and forklifts with
wheel loads to 5.0T. This includes all public roads from residential to
freeway.
All loading conditions specified above are applicable to the three classes
of grates depending on their specific uses and locations.
The steel grating shall be made of fabricated mild steel provided with hot
dip galvanized in accordance with ASTM A 153/AASHTO M 232 for superior
corrosion protection. Steel grating shall be machine-made grating comprised of
steel flat bars standing on edge equispaced from each other. To prevent them
90
from falling over and to provide restraint in buckling, a twisted cross rod (6mm) is
forge-welded1 into the top of the flat bars.
The steel frame clear openings of drainage grates shall be 15mm larger
than nominal sizes of industry standard sized pits. These pits increase in size in
increments of 150mm. This shall be done to allow frames to be placed over
standard panel formwork and cast in while pouring the pit walls, to speed up
installation and ensure the frame is fully embedded in the concrete.
Grates shall consist of 25mm to 65mm x 3mm, 4.5mm or 5mm thick flat
bars with length of not more than 6.1m spaced at 30mm o.c. with 6mm twisted
rod spaced at 100mm o.c.. Angular frame (L 75mm x 75mm x 9mm thick) shall
be coated with hot dipped galvanized for superior corrosion protection finish and
extended life. If required, I-Beam support shall be provided in the grates in
accordance with the approved plan. It shall also conform to the requirements of
ASTM A 153 or its equivalents AASHTO M 232.
Dimension
Tolerances: Thickness = ± 0.20mm
Width = ± 0.80mm
Length = + 50mm/NIL mm
Straightness = 6mm in each 1.5m length
1
Forge-welding is a process of metal fusion using a combination of high temperature and high
pressure.
91
Structural Concrete. Structural concrete used shall attain a minimum 28-day
compressive strength of 20.682 MPa.
Metal gratings which are to rest on frames shall bear on them evenly. They
shall be assembled before shipment and so marked that the same pieces may be
reassembled readily in the same position when installed. Inaccuracy of bearings
shall be corrected by machining, if necessary. The steel grating and its
corresponding frame shall constitute one pair.
The steel grating plants will be inspected periodically for compliance with
specified manufacturing and fabricating methods and bars samples will be
obtained for laboratory testing for compliance with material quality requirements.
The quantity to be measured and paid for will be the number of pairs of
metal frames and gratings completed and accepted. Concrete and reinforcing
92
steel (AASHTO M 31) will be measured and paid for under Item 405, Structural
Concrete and Item 404, Reinforcing Steel, respectively.
Excavation and backfill will be measured and paid for as provided in Item
102, Excavation.
504.1 Description
This item shall consist of cleaning and reconditioning existing pipes and
appurtenant structures in reasonably close conformity with this Specification and
as shown on the Plans.
Materials used for repair or replacement under the various Pay Items shall
conform to the requirements of the applicable Items of this Specification.
Pipe Removed and Cleaned – The pipe shall be carefully removed and
cleaned of foreign material both within the barrel and at the jointed ends.
Pipe Cleaned in Place – All foreign materials within the barrel shall be
removed and disposed off by methods which will prevent damage to the pipe.
93
If approved by the Engineer, all or part of the pipe designated to be
cleaned in place may be removed, cleaned, and relaid in accordance with the
applicable Items. In such cases, the Contractor shall furnish all materials required
to replace damaged pipes and joints, perform all excavation and backfill, and re-
lay the pipe, all at the contract bid price for this Item.
Pipe removed, cleaned, and relaid will be measured in their final position.
Pipe cleaned in place will be measured along the flow line of the pipe line
acceptably cleaned as directed.
94
Excavation and backfill necessary for pipe removal operations shall be
done as part of the work of this Item.
If more than one type of drainage structure is described for an Item in the
Bid Schedule, letter suffixes shall be added to the item Number to differentiate
between such structures.
If no Pay Item from the list above appears in the Bid Schedule, the pipe
removed will be considered as included in the work Item 101, Removal of
Structures and Obstructions.
505.1 Description
This Item shall consist of the furnishing and placing of riprap with or
without grout as the case may be, with or without filter backing, furnished and
constructed in accordance with this Specification and to the lines and grades and
dimensions shown on the Plans.
505.2.1 Stones
95
The stones shall be sound, tough, durable, dense, resistant to the action of air
and water, and suitable in all respects for the purpose intended.
Stones for riprap shall be one of the following classes as shown on the
Plans or determined by the Engineer.
When required, the riprap shall be placed on a filter layer to prevent fine
embankment materials to be washed out through the voids of the face stones.
The grading of the filter material shall be as specified on the Plans, or in the
Special Provisions. If not so specified, it will be required that D 15 of the filter is at
least 4 times the size D85 for the embankment material, where D 15 percent and
85 percent, respectively, passing (by mass) in a grain size analysis. Fine
aggregate passing grading requirements for Item 405, Structural Concrete, will
satisfy foregoing requirements.
505.2.3 Mortar
Mortar for grouted riprap shall consist of sand, cement and water
conforming to the requirements given under Item 405, Structural Concrete, mixed
in the proportion of one part cement to three parts sand by volume, and sufficient
water to obtain the required consistency.
96
mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids leaving the face of the stones
exposed.
505.3.1 Excavation
The bed for riprap shall be excavated to the required depths and properly
compacted, trimmed and shaped.
The riprap shall be founded in a toe trench dug below the depth of scour
as shown on the Plans or as ordered by the Engineer. The toe trench shall be
filled with stone of the same class as that specified for the riprap, unless
otherwise specified.
505.3.2 Placing
Stones placed below the water line shall be distributed so that the
minimum thickness of the riprap is not less than that specified.
Class A – 300 mm
Class B – 500 mm
Class C – 600 mm
Class D – 800 mm
The surface of riprap shall not vary from the theoretical surface by more
than 100 mm at any point.
505.3.3 Grouting
97
mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids, except that the face surface of the
stones shall be left exposed.
Grout shall be placed from bottom to top of the surface swept with a stiff
broom. After grouting is completed, the surface shall be cured as specified in
Item 405, Structural Concrete for a period of at least three days.
The stones shall also be laid in a manner that the vertical and horizontal
alignments of the exposed face shall, as possible be maintained in a straight line.
505.3.4 Weepholes
The computation of the quantities will be based on the volume within the
limiting dimensions designated on the Plans or as determined by the Engineer.
98
Pay Item Number Description Unit of Measurement
506.1 Description
506.2.1 Stone
The stone shall be clean, hard, and durable and shall be subject to the
Engineer’s approval. Adobe stone shall not be used unless otherwise specified.
Sizes and Shapes – Unless other sizes are shown on the Plans, stones
shall have a thickness of not less than 150 mm, and widths of not less than one
and one-half times their respective thickness, and lengths of not less than one
and one half times their respective widths. Each stone shall be of good shape
and be free of depressions and projections that might weaken or prevent it from
being properly bedded.
Dressing – The stone shall be dressed to remove any thin or weak
portions. Face stones shall be dressed to provide bed and joint lines that do not
vary more than 20 mm from the true lines and to ensure the meeting of bed and
joint lines without the rounding of corners of the stones in excess of 30 mm in
99
radius. Bed surfaces of the face stones shall be approximately normal to the
face of the stones for about 80 mm and from this point may depart from a normal
plane not to exceed 50 mm in 300 mm.
Finish for Exposed Faces – Face stones shall be pitched to the line along
the beds and joints. The maximum projection of rock faces beyond the pitch lines
shall not be more than 50 mm.
506.2.2 Mortar
The mortar for the masonry shall be composed of one part of Portland
Cement and two parts of fine aggregate by volume and sufficient water to make
the mortar of such consistency that it can be handled easily and spread with a
trowel. Mortar shall be mixed only in those quantities required for immediate use.
Unless an approved mortar mixing machine is used, the fine aggregate and
cement shall be mixed dry in a tight box until the mixture assumes a uniform
color, after which, water shall be added as the mixing continues until the mortar
attains the proper consistency. Mortar that is not used within 90 minutes after the
water has been added shall be discarded. Retempering of mortar will not be
permitted.
Care shall be taken to prevent the bunching of small stone or stones of the
same size. Large stones shall be used in the corners.
The exposed faces of individual stones shall be parallel to the faces of the
walls in which the stones are set.
100
The stones shall be so handled as not to jar or displace the stones
already set. Suitable equipment shall be provided for setting stones larger than
those that can be handled by two men. The rolling or turning of stones on the
walls will not be permitted. If a stone is loosened after the mortar has taken initial
set, it shall be removed, the mortar cleaned off, and the stone relaid with fresh
mortar.
Cross beds for vertical faced walls shall be level, and for battered walls
may vary from level to normal to the batter line of the face of the wall.
506.3.3 Headers
506.3.4 Backing
506.3.5 Pointing
Both bed and vertical joints shall be finished as shown on the Plans or as
directed by the Engineer. The mortar in joints on top of surface of masonry shall
be crowned slightly at the center of the masonry to provide drainage.
506.3.6 Coping
101
random heights, with a minimum height of 150 mm. Stone shall be laid in such a
manner that the top course is an integral part of the wall. The tops of top course
of stone shall be pitched to line, in both vertical and horizontal planes.
506.3.7 Weepholes
Immediately after being laid, and while the mortar is fresh, all face stones
shall be thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains and shall be kept clean until the
work is completed.
506.3.9 Curing
In hot or dry weather, the masonry shall be satisfactory protected from the
sun and shall be kept wet for a period of at least three days after completion.
The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of stone
masonry complete in place and accepted. Projections extending beyond the
faces of the walls shall not be included. In computing the quantity for payment,
the dimensions used shall be those shown on the Plans or as ordered in writing
by the Engineer. No deductions shall be made for weepholes, drain pipes or
other openings of less than one square meter in area.
102
ITEM 507 – RUBBLE CONCRETE
507.1 Description
507.2.1 Stone
The stone shall be clean, hard, and durable and shall be subject to the
Engineer’s approval. Adobe stone shall not be used unless otherwise specified.
Stones to be used shall be more than 0.015 cubic metre in volume and not less
than 75 percent of the total volume of rock embankment and shall consist of
stones 0.03 cubic metre in volume as described in Item 506.2. Stones obtained
from excavation performed under this contract may be used.
The foundation bed shall be excavated to the lines and grades as shown
in the Plans as directed by the Engineer, and shall be thoroughly compacted in
accordance with Item 104.3.3.
The inside surface of the forms shall be cleaned of all dirt, water and
foreign materials. Forms shall be thoroughly coated with form oil prior to use. The
form oil shall be commercial quality form oil or other approved coating which will
permit the ready release of forms and will not discolor the concrete.
103
507.3.3 Placing
One layer of concrete Class “B” shall be placed at the prepared bed prior
to placing of stones. Clearance between stones shall not be less than 63 mm the
maximum size of concrete aggregate for Class “B”.
Concrete Class “B” shall be placed after each layer of stone and shall be
thoroughly consolidated by means of a vibrator inserted in each layer of
concrete. In no case shall the vibrator be operated longer than 10 seconds in any
location.
After removal of forms, any cavities, voids and honeycomb spots shall be
filled up with mortar composed of one part cement and two parts sand.
All debris and refuse resulting from work shall be removed and the site
left in a neat and presentable condition.
507.3.4 Weepholes
The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of rubble
concrete completed in place and accepted. In computing the quantity of payment
the dimension used shall be those shown on the Plans or as ordered in writing by
the Engineer. No reduction shall be made for weepholes.
104
ITEM 508 – HAND-LAID ROCK EMBANKMENT
508.1 Description
Stones shall be laid flat and securely placed with broken joint lines. The
larger stones shall generally be located in the lower part of the structure and
voids shall be eliminated to the extent possible. Spalls smaller than the minimum
stone size specified in Section 506.2, Material Requirements, shall be used to
check the larger stones solidly in position and to substantially fill voids between
the major stones as laid in the embankment. The exposed face of the rock mass
shall be reasonably uniform, with no projections of more than 150 mm beyond
the neat lines shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.
The quantity to be paid for will be the number of cubic meter of hand-laid
rock embankment measured in place, completed and accepted.
105
508.5 Basis of Payment
509.1 Description
This shall consist of furnishing, driving and cutting off of sheet piling
covered by this Specification.
106
509.2.3 Steel Sheet Piles
Steel sheet piles shall be of the type, weight and Section Modulus
indicated on the Plans or Special Provisions, and shall conform to the
requirement of Item 400, Piling, Subsection 400.2.7, Sheet Piles, Painting shall
conform to the requirements for Item 411, Paint, Subsection 411.3.6.2, Painting
Structural Steel.
The top of the piling shall be driven or cut-off to a straight line at the
elevation indicated on the Plans.
Sheet piling will be measured by the linear meter of sheet piling as shown
on the Plans or as directed in writing by the Engineer, complete in place and
accepted. However, measurement of piling which has been delivered to plan
length and cannot be driven according to plan or directed elevation because of
subsurface condition shall be measured as if driven to that elevations.
107
Payment will be made under:
510.1 Description
This Item shall consist of the furnishing and placing of concrete slope
protection including all necessary excavation, a bed course and reinforced
concrete to the required thickness and extent to protect slopes against erosion.
Construction details shall be as shown on the Plans.
510.2.2 Formwork
510.2.4 Concrete
108
510.3 Construction Requirements
510.3.1 Excavation
510.3.3 Concrete
The Contractor shall provide and place concrete in accordance with the
requirements of Item 405, Structural Concrete, to the required depths in the
positions and to the grades and elevations shown on the Plans. Unless otherwise
specified, the concrete slabs shall not be greater than 4m by 4m and shall have
between slabs, plain vertical straight joints with no joint filler or sealer.
510.3.4 Drainage
The quantity of granular material in the bed course to be paid for shall be
measured by the cubic meter in-place and accepted as shown on the Plans.
109
Payment will be made under:
511.1 Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing, forming wire mesh baskets, and
placing rocks installed at the locations designated, in accordance with this
Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, dimensions, and
arrangements shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.
511.2.1General
The width, height and length of the gabion as manufactured shall not differ
more than 5% from the ordered size prior to filling.
110
The width and length of the revet mattress as manufactured shall not differ
more than 5%, and the height shall not differ more than 10% from the ordered
size prior to filling.
511.2.2 Wire
511.2.2.3 Style 3 double-twisted mesh shall be manufactured from the same type
of metallic-coated steel wire as style 1 with an additional PVC coating
extruded into the metallic-coated steel wire. The PVC coating shall
conform to the following requirements:
Test Method
The PVC coating shall not show cracks or breaks after the wires are
twisted in the fabrication of the mesh.
111
Lacing wire and stiffeners shall be made of wire having the same
coating material as the double-twisted wire mesh conforming to
Specification ASTM A 641, A 856/A 856 M or A 809 with a tensile
strength in accordance with Subsection 511.2.7.
511.2.6Dimensions
The minimum size of the galvanized and PVC coated wire to be used in
the fabrication of the gabion and mattresses shall be as follows:
Diameter, mm
Gabion Mattresses
Gabions and Mattresses Metallic PVC Metallic PVC
Wires Coated Coated Coated Coated
Body Wire 3.05 2.70 2.20 2.20
511.2.7Mechanical Properties
112
Gabions Mattresses
Body Wire 350- 485 350 - 515
Selvedge or Perimeter Wire 350 - 485 350 - 485
Tying and Connecting Wire 350 - 515 350 - 515
The minimum weight of zinc per unit area of uncoated wire surface shall
be in accordance with ASTM A 975 or as follows:
Rocks used in gabions and mattresses shall consist of hard, durable rock
pieces that will not deteriorate when submerged in water or exposed to severe
weather conditions. Rock pieces shall be generally uniformly graded in sizes
ranging from 100 mm to 200 mm. Filled gabions shall have a minimum density of
1,400 kg/m3. Voids shall be evenly distributed.
No rock size shall exceed 2/3 the mattress depth and at least 85% by
weight of the stone shall have a size greater than 80 mm. No stone shall be able
to pass through the mesh.
The rock shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 63 except that the
sodium sulphate soundness loss shall not exceed 9% after 5 cycles.
511.3.1Fabrication
113
1. Gabions and mattresses shall be in the form of rectangular baskets of
the required dimensions and shall be manufactured from wire as
specified in Subsection 511.2.2. Gabions shall be made of steel wire
double twisted forming a uniform hexagonal mesh type 8 x 10 having
a nominal mesh openings of 83 by 114 mm. Mattresses shall be
made of steel wire double twisted forming a uniform hexagonal mesh
type 6 x 8 having a nominal mesh openings of 64 by 83 mm.
Tolerances on the hexagonal, double-twisted wire mesh opening shall
not exceed 10% on the nominal dimension D values, 64 mm for
mattresses and 83 mm for gabions. The edges shall be formed into a
securely connected selvedge adequate to prevent raveling.
2. When the gabion length exceeds its width, it shall have securely tied
diaphragms connected at all edges to form individual cells of equal
length and width.
All perimeter edge of the mesh forming the gabion shall be securely
selvedged so that the joints, by tying the selvedges, have at least the
same strength as the body of the mesh.
114
Selvedge wire used through all the edges (perimeter wire) shall not
be less than 3.80 mm diameter and shall meet the same
specifications as the wire mesh.
3. Before the filling material is placed, the gabions and mattresses shall
be carefully selected for uniformity of size, and the pieces shall be
handplaced to provide a neat appearance as approved by the
Engineer.
115
4. The cells in any row shall be filled in stage so that local deformation
may be avoided. That is at no time shall the cell be filled to a depth
exceeding 300 mm more than the adjoining cell.
116
512.1 Description
This item shall consist of furnishing and placing erosion control mats,
roving, and cellular confinement systems installed at the locations designated for
ditch and slope protection, and stabilization, in accordance with this specification
and in conformity with the lines, grades, dimensions, and arrangements shown
on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.
512.2.1.1 Type 1 – Straw mats, burlap fabric, jute mesh, and woven paper or
sisal mesh netting
1. Straw mats - shall be clean agricultural straw made from oats, wheat,
rye, or other grain crops that is free from weeds, mold, or other
objectionable material and furnished in an air-dry condition suitable for
placing with mulch blower equipment. Straw erosion control mat shall
conform to Table 1 as shown below:
117
Mesh size 25 by 25 mm max.
Mesh mass, ASTM D 1776 0.5 kg/m2 + 5%
Mesh openings 3 to 6 mm
Shrinkage after wetting 20% max.
118
3. Mulch blanket – shall be 3 to 13 mm thick blanket consisting of
organic, biodegradable mulch such as straw, curled wood cellulose,
coconut coir, or other material evenly distributed on one side of a
photodegradable, polypropylene mesh having a minimum mass of
0.27 kg/m2.
119
Property Specifications Test Method
Color Green Visual
Thickness, mm, min. 6 ASTM D 1777
Strength (1), N/m min. 1590 x 525 ASTM D 5035
Elongation (1), %, max. 50 ASTM D 5035
Porosity (2), %, min. 85 Calculated
Resiliency (3) , %, min. 80 ASTM D 1777
Ultraviolet stability(4) , % 80 ASTM D 4355
120
mm. Make the size of the mesh grid 13 to 25 mm 2. Finish the
selvedge to prevent raveling or fraying.
121
A flexible honeycomb 3-dimensional structure fabricated from polyethylene
that has been properly stabilized with carbon black and/or hindered amine light
stabilizers.
512.2.4 Roving
Types of Roving
ASTM D 578
m/kg of rove, ASTM D 578 340 to 600 m/kg
km/kg of strand, ASTM D 578 26.2 to 2.82
Organic content, ASTM D 578 1.65% max.
122
512.2.5 Topsoil
1. Agricultural limestone
2. Fertilizers
3. Mulch
Straw – shall be made from oats, wheat, rye, or other grain crops that is
free from weeds, mold, or other objectionable material and in an air-dry condition
suitable for placing with mulch blower equipment.
Hay – shall be made from herbaceous mowing, free from weeds, mold, or
other objectionable material. Furnish hay in an air-dry condition suitable for
placing with mulch blower equipment.
Grass straw cellulose fiber – shall be processed from grass straw fiber
that is as follows:
123
e. Free of weed seed
f. Air dried to a moisture content of 10+0.2 percent
g. Air dried to a uniform mass of 15 percent
h. Packaged in new containers labeled with the
manufacturer’s name and air-dry mass
i. Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a
homogeneous slurry suitable for application with power spray
equipment
124
b. Holds at least 1000 grams of water per 100 grams of dry
matrix.
c. Has no germination or growth inhibiting factors.
d. Forms no water insensitive crust.
e. Contains material that is 100 percent biodegradable.
Install erosion control mats to soil surfaces which are at final grade, stable,
firm, and free of rocks or other obstructions. Spread erosion control mats evenly
and smoothly, without stretching, to ensure direct contact with the soil at all
points. Unroll erosion control mats parallel to the drainage flow direction. Lap
edges as recommended by the manufacturer. Place the upslope end in a 150
mm vertical slot. Backfill the slot and compact.
For swale or ditch installations, place up the side slopes to extend above
anticipated flow line and construct intermediate 150 mm vertical check slots at 8
m intervals. Construct check slots perpendicular to flow direction. Staple erosion
control mats as recommended by manufacturer. Drive all staples flush with the
soil surface.
512.3.2 Roving
125
Spread fiber glass roving uniformly at the rate of 0.16+0.03 kg/m2 to form
a random mat of continuous glass fibers.
Anchor the roving to the ground with a slow setting emulsified asphalt
applied uniformly at a rate of 1.5+0.2 liters per square meter over the roving.
Bury upslope end of the roving 300 mm deep.
Anchor the system with stakes across the top at every other cell. Repeat
the anchoring pattern in every tenth row and in the bottom row.
Backfill the system with topsoil. Hand-compact the topsoil within each cell.
Apply permanent turf establishment.
512.4.1 Certification
The manufacturer shall file with the purchaser a certificate stating the
name of the manufacturer, the chemical composition of the filaments or yarns,
and other pertinent information so as to fully describe material (including mats,
roving and other cellular confinement systems) for erosion control, ditch and
slope protection, and stabilization. The manufacturer shall include in the
certificate a guarantee stating that the material that is furnished meets the
requirements of the specification. The certificate shall be attested to by a person
having legal authority to bind the company. Either mismarking or
misinterpretation by the manufacturer shall be reason to discontinue acceptance
under these specifications. Notice sent to the manufacturer by the purchaser
regarding the discontinuance of acceptance will be considered to be notice to all
wholesalers, jobbers, distributors, agents and other intermediaries handling the
manufacturer’s product.
126
512.4.2 The Engineer shall evaluate acceptance for the material for topsoil
through visual inspection and comply with the requirements of Item 608, Topsoil.
512.4.3 The Engineer shall evaluate acceptance for turf establishment work
through visual inspection and certification as prescribed in Subsection 512.4.1,
Certification.
Label the material and its container with the manufacturer’s name,
material’s type or trade name, lot number and quantity.
512.7.1 Erosion control mats, roving, and cellular confinement systems shall be
measured by the number of square meters excluding overlaps.
512.7.2 Topsoil will be measured and paid for as provided in Item 608, Topsoil.
127
512.8 Basis of Payment
513.1 Description
At least 30 days before work is to begin, the Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer for review and approval complete working drawings and design
calculations describing the ground anchor system or systems intended for use.
The submittal shall include the following:
128
e. Minimum bond length
f. Minimum tendon bond length
g. Minimum unbonded length
3. The grout mix design and procedures for placing the grout.
513.3.2 Grout
129
grout as directed. Normally, grout strength testing shall not be required as system
performance shall be measured by proof-testing each ground anchor. Grout cube
testing shall be required if admixtures are used or irregularities occur in ground
anchor testing.
Water for mixing grout shall be potable, cleaned and free of injurious
quantities of substances known to be harmful to Portland Cement or prestressing
steel.
513.3.3 Centralizers
Sheath for the unbonded length of a tendon shall consist of one of the
following:
130
1. Seamless polyethylene (PE) tube having a minimum
wall thickness of 1.5 mm plus or minus 0.25 mm. The polyethylene
shall be cell classification 334413 by ASTM D 3350.
2. Seamless polypropylene tube having a minimum wall
thickness of 1.5 mm plus or minus 0.25 mm. The polypropylene shall
be cell classification PP210B55542-11 by ASTM D 4101.
3. Heat shrinkable tube consisting of a radiation
crosslinked polyolefin tube internally coated with an adhesive sealant.
The minimum tube wall thickness before shrinking shall be 0.60 mm.
The minimum adhesive sealant thickness shall be 0.50 mm.
4. Corrugated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube having a
minimum wall thickness of 0.75 mm.
Encapsulation for the tendon bond length shall consist of one of the
following:
The type of sheath and encapsulation for the tendons selected shall be
subjected to the approval of the Engineer.
Bondbreaker for a tendon shall consist of smooth plastic tube or pipe that
is resistant to aging by ultra-violet light and that is capable of withstanding
abrasion, impact and bending during handling and installation.
131
513.4 Construction Requirements
513.4.1 Fabrication
513.4.1.1 General
Tendons for ground anchors may be either shop or field fabricated from
materials conforming to the requirements of Subsection 513.3.1. Tendons shall
be fabricated as shown on the approved working drawings. The tendon shall be
sized to meet the following:
The Contractor shall determine the bond length necessary to develop the
design load indicated on the plans and to satisfy the load test requirements. The
minimum tendon bond length shall be 3 m in rock, 4.5 m in soil or as shown on
the Plans, which shall not be less than 3 m.
Centralizers shall be placed along the bond length. They shall be located
at 3 m maximum center-to-center spacing with the upper one located a maximum
of 1.5 m from the top of the tendon bond length and the lower one located 0.30 m
from the bottom of the tendon bond length. Use centralizers that do not impede
the free flow of grout up the borehole. Centralizers are not required on tendons
installed utilizing a hollow-stem auger if it is grouted through the auger and the
drill hole is maintained full of a stiff grout (less than 22.5 cm slump) during
extraction of the auger. A combination centralizer-spacer may be used.
132
Centralizers are not required on tendons installed utilizing a pressure
injection system in coarse-grained soils using grouting pressures greater than 1
MPa.
Bearing plates shall be sized so that the bending stresses in the plate do
not exceed the yield strength of the steel when a load equal to 95% of the
minimum guaranteed ultimate tensile strength of the tendon is applied. The size
133
of bearing plates shall not be less than that shown on the Plans or on the
approved working drawings.
The trumpet shall be welded to the bearing plate. The trumpet shall have
an inside diameter at least 6mm greater than the diameter of the tendon at the
anchorage. The trumpet shall be long enough to accommodate movements of
the structure during testing and stressing. For strand tendons with encapsulation
over the unbonded length, the trumpet shall be long enough to enable the
tendon to make a transition from the diameter of the tendon in the unbonded
length to the diameter of the tendon at the anchorhead without damaging the
encapsulation.
513.4.2 Installation
The Contractor shall select the drilling method, the grouting procedure and
grouting pressure to be used for the installation of the ground anchor as
necessary to satisfy the load test requirements with prior approval of the
Engineer.
513.4.2.1 Drilling
The drilling method used may be core drilling, rotary drilling, percussion
drilling, auger drilling or driven casing. The method of drilling used shall prevent
loss of ground above the drilled hole that may be detrimental to the structure or
134
existing structures. Casing for anchor holes, if used, shall be removed, unless
permitted by the Engineer to be left in place. The location, inclination, and
alignment of the drilled hole shall be as shown on the plans. Inclination and
alignment shall be within plus or minus 3 degrees of the planned angle at the
bearing plate, and within plus or minus 30cm of the planned location at the
ground surface (point of entry).
The tendon shall be inserted into the drilled hole to the desired depth
without difficulty. When the tendon cannot be completely inserted it shall be
removed and the drill hole cleaned or redrilled to permit insertion. Partially
inserted tendons shall not be driven or forced into the hole. Do not extend ground
anchors beyond the right-of-way or easement limits.
513.4.2.3 Grouting
The grout shall be injected from the lowest point of the drill hole. The grout
may be placed either before or after insertion of the tendon. The grout may be
pumped through grout tubes, casing, hollow-stem augers or drill rods. The
quantity of the grout and the grout pressures for each ground anchor shall be
recorded. The grout pressures and grout takes shall be controlled to prevent
excessive heaving of the ground or fracturing of rock formations.
Except as indicated below, the grout above the top of the bond length may
be placed at the same time as the bond length grout, but it shall not be placed
under pressure. The grout at the top of the drill hole shall stop 150mm from the
back of the structure or from the bottom of the trumpet, whichever is lowest.
135
anchor system does not derive a significant portion of its load resistance
from the soil above the bond length portion of the ground anchor.
If grout protected tendons are used for ground anchors anchored in rock,
then pressure-grouting techniques shall be utilized. Pressure grouting requires
that the drill hole be sealed and that the grout be injected until a 0.35 MPa grout
pressure can be maintained on the grout within the bond length for a period of 5
minutes.
Upon completion of grouting, the grout tube may remain in the drill hole
provided it is filled with grout.
After grouting, the tendon shall not be loaded for a minimum of 3 days.
The Contractor shall test each ground anchor using a maximum test load
not to exceed 80% of the minimum ultimate tensile strength of the tendon. No
load greater than 10% of the design load may be applied to the ground anchor
prior to load testing. The test load shall be simultaneously applied to the entire
tendon.
136
A dial gauge or vernier scale capable of measuring displacements to
0.025mm shall be used to measure ground anchor movement. It shall have
adequate travel so total ground anchor movement can be measured without
resetting the device.
A hydraulic jack and pump shall be used to apply the test load. The jack
and a calibrated pressure gauge shall be used to measure the applied load. The
pressure gauge shall be graduated in 1 MPa increments or less. When the
theoretical elastic elongation of the total anchor length at the maximum test load
exceeds the ram travel of the jack, the procedure for recycling the jack ram shall
be included in the working drawings. Each increment of test load shall be applied
as rapidly as possible.
The stressing equipment shall be placed over the ground anchor tendon in
such a manner that the jack, bearing plates, load cells and stressing anchorage
are axially aligned with the tendon and the tendon is centered within the
equipment.
137
Performance Test Schedule
Load Load
(START) (CONTINUATION)
AL AL
0.25DL* 0.25DL
AL 0.50DL
0.25DL 0.75DL
0.50DL* 1.00DL
AL 1.20DL*
0.25DL AL
0.50DL 0.25DL
0.75DL* 0.50DL
AL 0.75DL
0.25DL 1.00DL
0.50DL 1.20DL
0.75DL 1.33DL*
1.00DL* (maximum test load)
The maximum test load in a performance test shall be held for 10 minutes.
The jack shall be repumped as necessary in order to maintain a constant load.
The load-hold period shall start as soon as the maximum test load is applied and
the ground anchor movement shall be measured and recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6 and 10 minutes. If the ground anchor movement between 1 minute and 10
minutes exceeds 1mm, the maximum shall be recorded at 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and
60 minutes.
138
test load and schedule are indicated on the Plans. The load shall be raised from
one increment to another immediately after recording the ground anchor
movement. The ground anchor movement shall be measured and recorded to
the nearest 0.025mm with respect to an independent fixed reference point at the
alignment load and at each increment of load. The load shall be monitored with a
pressure gauge. At load increments other than the maximum test load, the load
shall be held just long enough to obtain the movement reading.
Load Load
(START) (CONTINUATION)
AL
0.25DL 1.20DL
0.50DL 1.33DL (max test load)
0.75DL Reduce to lock-off load
1.00DL
The maximum test load in a proof test shall be held for 10 minutes. The
jack shall be repumped as necessary in order to maintain a constant load. The
load-hold period shall start as soon as the maximum test load is applied and
the ground anchor movement shall be measured and recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and 10 minutes. If the ground anchor movement between 1 minute and 10
minutes exceeds 1mm, the maximum test load shall be held for an additional 50
minutes. If the load hold is extended, the ground anchor movement shall be
recorded at 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. A graph shall be constructed showing
a plot of ground anchor movement versus load for each load increment in the
proof test. Graph format shall be approved by the Engineer prior to use.
The creep test shall be made by incrementally loading and unloading the
ground anchor in accordance with the performance test schedule used. At the
end of each loading cycle, the load shall be held constant for the observation
period indicated in the creep test schedule below unless a different maximum
test load is indicated on the Plans. The times for reading and recording the
139
ground anchor movement during each observation period shall be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300
minutes as appropriate. Each load-hold period shall start as soon as the test load
is applied. In a creep test the pressure gauge and reference pressure gauge will
be used to measure the applied load, and the load cell will be used to monitor
small changes of load during a constant load-hold period. The jack shall be
repumped as necessary in order to maintain a constant load.
AL
0.25DL 10
0.50DL 30
0.75DL 30
1.00DL 45
1.20DL 60
1.33DL 300
140
A performance-tested or proof-tested ground anchor with a 60-minute load
hold is acceptable if the:
If the total movement of the ground anchor at the maximum test load does
not exceed 80% of the theoretical elastic elongation of the unbonded length, the
ground anchor shall be replaced at the Contractor’s expense.
A ground anchor which has a creep rate greater than 2 mm per log cycle
of time can be incorporated into the structure at a design load equal to one-half
of its failure load. The failure load is the load resisted by the ground anchor after
the load has been allowed to stabilize for 10 minutes.
When a ground anchor fails, the Contractor shall modify the design and/or
the installation procedures. These modifications may include, but are not limited
to, installing a replacement ground anchor, reducing the design load by
increasing the number of ground anchors, modifying the installation methods,
increasing the bond length or changing the ground anchor type. Any modification
which requires changes to the structure shall be approved by the Engineer. Any
modifications of design or construction procedures shall be without additional
cost to the Department and without extension of contract time.
141
Retesting of a ground anchor will not be permitted, except that regrouted
ground anchors may be retested.
Upon successful completion of the load testing, the ground anchor load
shall be reduced to the lock-off load indicated on the Plans and transferred to
the anchorage device. The ground anchor may be completely unloaded
prior to lock-off. After transferring the load and prior to removing the jack, a lift-off
load reading shall be made. The lift-off load shall be within 10% of the specified
lock-off load. If the load is not within 10% of the specified lock-off load, the
anchorage shall be reset and another lift-off load reading shall be made. This
process shall be repeated until the desired lock-off load is obtained.
Ground anchors will be measured and paid for by the sum of the bonded
and unbonded length of anchor bars installed and accepted as shown on the
Plans or ordered by the Engineer. No change in the number of ground anchors to
be paid for will be made because of the use by the Contractor of an alternative
number of ground anchors.
Pay Item
Description Unit of Measurement
Number
513 Permanent Ground Anchor Linear meter
142
ITEM 514 – SHOTCRETE (CONCRETE SPRAY)
514.1 Description
This item shall consist of mixing and placing one or more courses of
shotcrete on a prepared slope surface in accordance with this Specification and
in conformity with the lines, grades, dimensions and cross-sections shown on the
Plans or as established by the Engineer.
143
Penetrating stain shall conform to the following:
144
Table 514 – 1 Shotcrete Gradation Limits for Combined Aggregates
514.2.10 Water
145
Table 514-2 Composition of Shotcrete
Minimum
Type of
Cement Maximum Air Content Minimum 28-Day
Shotcrete
Content W/C Ratio Range % Strength (MPa)
Process
(Kg/m3)
Mix design shall be verified with trial mixes prepared from the same
source proposed for use. The following shall be submitted for acceptance before
placing shotcrete:
1. Proposed shotcrete mix design with mix proportions. Dosage and type of
any admixture shall be included with proposed mix design.
146
a. Water Supply System
For dry mix, a job site water storage tank shall be provided.
It shall be provided with a positive displacement pump with a
regulating valve that is accurately controlled to provide water at
the required pressure and volume.
b. Mixing
147
2. Coring. Six 75-millimeter diameter cores shall be taken from each test
panel according to AASHTO T 24. The ends of the cores shall be
trimmed according to AASHTO T 24 to make cores at least 75
millimeters long.
4. Mix design Acceptance. Test data and a visual description of each core
shall be submitted. Details concerning presence of voids, sand
pockets, lamination, and other inadequacies shall be included.
Acceptance of the mix design shall be based on preconstruction field
trials and test results. The visual quality of the cores shall not be lower
than Grade 2 according to shotcrete grading requirements of ACI
506.2.
Field quality control test reports shall be submitted after performing the
tests. The following information shall be included in the reports:
1. Sample identification including mix design and test panel number and
orientation.
1. Surface Preparation
For earth surfaces, all loose rock sharp protruding edges as well
as dirt, grease, oil scale and other contaminations shall be carefully
removed. Any seepage water entering shall be dealt with by suitable
means, such as drainage boring with grouted pipe nipples connected
to pipe, sealing measures, etc. which shall be approved by the
148
Engineer. Installation of weepholes shall follow the locations shown on
the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
For previously placed shotcrete surfaces, curing compound shall
be removed by sandblasting. Approved depth gauges to indicate the
thickness of the shotcrete layers shall be installed. Depth gauges shall
be installed on 2-meter centers longitudinally and transversely with no
less than two gauges per increment of surface area to receive the
shotcrete. All surfaces shall be moistened.
3. Mixing
149
are less than 90 percent of specified design strength at the specified
test age.
5. Shotcrete Application
Curing the surface shall immediately begin after the free surface water has
evaporated and the finishing is completed. If the surface of the shotcrete begins
150
to dry before the selected curing method can be implemented, shotcrete surface
shall be kept moist using a fog spray without damaging the surface.
Surfaces to be rubbed shall be kept moist after forms are removed. It shall
be cured immediately following the first rub.
151
1. Quantity and location of shotcrete applied including pictures of areas
where shotcrete was placed.
The shotcrete placement system, mixtures, air content and unit mass
shall all be evaluated by visual inspection, and by the results of measurements
and testing.
The area to be paid for under this Item shall be the number of surface
square meters (m2) of shotcrete placed and accepted in the completed slope. In
computing the quantity, the dimensions shall be those as measured in place and
completed based on the preceding requirements.
full compensation for preparation of slope, furnishing all materials, for mixing,
placing, sampling and testing, finishing and curing all shotcrete, and for
furnishing all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the
Item.
152