SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE (SQ) AMONG ADMINISTRATORS OF

SELECTED CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN YANGON, MYANMAR

AND BAPTIST COLLEGES IN THE ISLAND
OF PANAY, PHILIPPINES

A Dissertation
Presented to
The Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies
Central Philippine University
Iloilo City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF EDUCATION
Major in Educational Administration and Supervision

THUAM CIN KHAI

May 2007
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . ix

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . 1

Background and Rationale of the Study . . . . . 1

Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . 5
Hypotheses of the Study . . . . . . . 7
Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks . . . . . 8
Operational Definition of Variables and Terms . . . . 12
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . 15
Scope and Limitation of the Study . . . . . . 16

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDY . 17

Overview of Theories of Intelligence . . . . . . 17

Self Awareness as Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . 24
Universal Awareness as Spiritual Intelligence . . . . 27
Self Mastery as Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . . 30
Spiritual Presence as Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . 33
Related Studies on Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . 35

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY . . . . . . 40

Research Design . . . . . . . . 40
The Instrumentation . . . . . . . . 41
Target Population and Sampling Procedure . . . . . 41
Data Collection . . . . . . . . 42
Data Processing and Analysis Plan . . . . . . 42

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE DATA . . 44

Characteristics of Administrators . . . . . . 44

Involvement in Religious Activities and Attendance in Religious

Related Training of the Administrators . . . . . 47

Extent of Involvement in Religious Activities of Administrators . . 50

Spiritual Intelligence of Administrators . . . . . 51

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Overall Spiritual Intelligence of Administrators . . . . 53

Variation of Involvement in Religious Activities according to

Characteristics of the Administrators . . . . . . 56

Variation of Attendance in Religious-related Training according to

Characteristics of the Administrators . . . . . . 60

Variation in Self Awareness according to Characteristics of the

Administrators. . . . . . . . 64

Variation in Universal Awareness according to Characteristics of the

Administrators . . . . . . . . . 68

Variation in Self Mastery according to Characteristics of the

Administrators. . . . . . . . . 72

Variation in Spiritual Presence according to Characteristics of the

Administrators . . . . . . . . 77

Variation in Overall Spiritual Intelligence according to Characteristics

of the Administrators . . . . . . . . 81

Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Self Awareness . . 85

Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Universal Awareness . . 87

Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Self Mastery . . . 90

Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Spiritual Presence . . 92

Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Spiritual Intelligence . . 94

Relationship between Self Awareness and Universal Awareness

Self Mastery, Spiritual Presence, Spiritual Intelligence . . . 97

Relationship between Universal Awareness and Self Mastery,

Spiritual Presence, Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . 99
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Relationship between Self Mastery and Spiritual Presence,

Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . . . 101

Multiple Regressions Analysis . . . . . . 103

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 115

Significant Findings . . . . . . . . 117

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . 121

Recommendations . . . . . . . . 123

Future Research . . . . . . . . 124

List of the Tables

1) Frequency Distribution of Administrators According to Gender, Age,

Educational attainment, Ethnicity, Religion and Length of Service by
Country . . . . . . . . . 45

2) Frequency Distribution of Administrators according to their

Attendance in Religious related Training and Church Involvement . 49

3) Extent of Involvement in Religious Activities of Administrators . 50

4) Frequency Distribution and Mean of Spiritual Intelligence . . 52

5) Frequency Distribution of Administrators According to Overall

Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) . . . . . . 54

6) Variation of Involvement in Religious Activities according to Gender,

Age, Educational attainment, Ethnicity, Religion and Length of Service 57

7) Variation of Attendance in Religious-related Training Relationship

according to Gender, Age, Educational attainment, Ethnicity,
Religion, and Length of Service . . . . . . 61

8) Variation in Self Awareness according to Gender, Age, Educational

attainment, Ethnicity, Religion, and Length of Service . . . 65

9) Variation in Universal Awareness according to Gender, Age,

Educational attainment, Ethnicity, Religion, and Length of Service . 69
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10) Variation in Self Mastery according to Gender, Age, Educational

Attainment, Ethnicity, Religion, and Length of Service . . . 73

11) Variation in Spiritual Presence according to Gender, Age, Educational

attainment, Ethnicity, Religion, and Length of Service . . . 78

12) Variation in Spiritual Intelligence according to Gender, Age, Educational

attainment, Ethnicity, Religion, and Length of Service . . . 82

13) Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Self Awareness . . 86

14) Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Universal Awareness . 88

15) Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Self Mastery . . 91

16) Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Spiritual Presence . 93

17) Relationship between Involvement in Religious Activities and

Attendance in Religious-related Training and Spiritual Intelligence . 95

18) Correlation Matrix between Overall Awareness for Self, Universal, Self
Mastery and Spiritual Presence by Overall Spiritual Intelligence . 103

19) Results of the Multiple Regressions of the 6 Antecedent Variables

of Self Awareness . . . . . . . . 104

20) Results of the Multiple Regressions of the 6 Antecedent Variables

of Universal Awareness . . . . . . . 107

21) Results of the Multiple Regressions of the 6 Antecedent Variables

on Self Mastery . . . . . . . . 109

22) Results of the Multiple Regressions of the 6 Antecedent Variables

on Spiritual Presence . . . . . . . 111

23) Results of the Multiple Regressions of the 6 Antecedent Variables

on Overall Spiritual Intelligence . . . . . . 113
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List of Figures

1) Diagram on Relationship between Variables and Spiritual Intelligent . 11

2) Developmental Intelligences . . . . . . 19

3) Intelligences and Spiritual Knowledge . . . . . 24

4) Fulfillment of Deficit Needs to Being Needs . . . . 26

5) The Four Quadrants Spiritual Intelligence Skills . . . . 36

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . 125

Books . . . . . . . . . . 125
Commentaries, Dictionaries, and Encyclopedias . . . . 127
Internet Materials: Periodical . . . . . . . 127
Printed Materials: Periodical. . . . . . . . 128
Theses and Dissertation . . . . . . . 129

APPENDICES

Letter to Association for Theological Education in Myanmar, and Principal,

Dean and Chairperson . . . . . . . 130

Endorsement Letter from Executive Secretary of ATEM . . . 131

Profile of Theological Colleges in Yangon, Myanmar . . . 132

Profile of Selected Theological Colleges in Yangon, Myanmar . . 134

Profile of Baptist Colleges in Panay Island, Philippines . . . 135

Spiritual Intelligence Assessment Inventory . . . . . 136