Building Diagnosis

Presented By:

Sawalkar Balaji
 Building Diagnosis
“Building diagnosis” is a process of data collection
regarding conditions, detection and analysis of
faults/abnormality/defects in building materials and
fabrics.
There are two stages of building diagnostics:
Fault Detection: Determination of fault.
Fault Diagnosis: Identification of fault.
 This process can be carried out by:
Infrared Thermography.(IRT)
Ultrasound
Radars
Lasers
Infrared Thermography: It’s
a modern non-destructive method
(NDT) for examination of non-
renovated & redeveloped buildings.
Infrared cameras are used to
measure the temperature in
interiors and exteriors of building.
Its been used for last 30 years for
building diagnosis in effective and
economical manner.
Principle: Its based on “Kirchoff
Law of Thermal Radiation”
Energy absorbed = Energy emitted
(for perfect black body)
Infrared Camera
Any material continuously emits
energy proportional to its surface
temperature.
To obtain IR radiation heating
of surface is necessary.
By estimating the temperature
distribution over the surface the
defect can be identified.
It’s the only technology that
allows the infrared radiation to
be transformed in a visible
image.
IR Absorbed= IR Emitted
 Thermography Scanning system measure the
temperature based on IR radiation emitted
from heated surface without physical contact
between them.
The infrared cameras convert the emitted radiation
into 2-Dimentional (2D) picture consisting of different.
shades of color. 2D picture of building
There are two types of thermograph:
Active Thermography
Passive Thermography
Active Thermography: The active thermograph is
frequently chosen to examine the inside of a building,
using an external source of IR radiation and these can be
gained by means of external heating.
It gives the information about interior structural elements.
Here the energy can be
transferred to the object in
two ways:

Lock-In Thermography:
Here the energy is delivered
the to object in periodic way.

Pulse Thermography: Here

the energy is delivered to the
object in a single shot.
Passive Thermography: This
method is used directly in the
presence of solar radiation.
It doesn’t require any external of
heating .
Its used to examine exterior of
building mainly for the diagnosis
of historical building.
Applications:
Used to access-.
 Roof leaks.
Passive Thermograph
Thermal performances of
building.(Temp.)
Heat loss by conduction ,
convection , radiation.

Conduction: Heat transfer

within the body.

Convection: Heat transfer

from one body to other body.

Radiation: Energy transferred

by thermally charged particles.
Moisture present in exterior
walls and roof can be detected.
 Hidden characteristics such as
cavities , holes and structural
changes in problematic areas.
Reasons for degradation of
building structures.
Used for insulation inspection
Cavities or Holes
and reason for increasing
moisture content in particular
area.
To evaluate HVAC (Heating,
Ventilation, Air-Conditioning).
Air leakage from glass doors ,
windows and sealing work
Structural Changes
Sick Building Diagnosis: Its
used to access mold growth on
wet walls ,damages such as brick
sprawling ,roof member
corrosion ,Energy losses.
Heated floors can be easily
identified and their length
can be calculated.

Holes in concrete and water

leakages in pipes can be
determined.
Energy losses
Ultrasound : It’s a type of non-
destructive (NDT) testing method
commonly used to find flaws in
materials and to measure the
thickness of objects.

Its frequency ranges from

2-10Mhz.

Principle: Its based on the

study of sound wave
propagation through concrete
materials and their velocity of
propagation. (Echo) Echo
 A ultrasonic wave is sent into a material and
depending on the velocity of propagating wave, echo
the characteristics are determined.
Applications:
Pulse velocity is used to determine:
Homogenous nature
Presence of voids
Cracks
Other Imperfections
Used to detect objects & measure
distances by echo.
Laser: A laser is a device that emits
the light through a process of optical
amplification based on stimulated
emission of electromagnetic
radiation.
Application:
Diagnosis of historical
monuments
Identification of contaminated
regions on the porous stone
document
Used for cleaning
monument by NDT
Golden temple
Radar: It has a transmitter which transmit radio
waves called radar signals ,that get in contact
with object then it get scattered and its
received by receiver , later on they are
amplified.

Application:
Types of traces on tall building can be identified
without Scaffolding.
Thank you