Class 10th The Proposal English

Thinking About The Play:-

Q1:- What does Chubukov at first suspect that Lomov has come for? Is he sincere when he
later says “And I’ve always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son”? Find
reasons for your answer from the play.
Ans: At first, Chubukov suspects that Lomov has come to borrow money.
Chubukov does not appear to be sincere when he later says “And I’ve always loved you, my
angel, as if you were my own son”, because when he comes to know that Lomov wishes to
marry his daughter, he starts flattering him using various sweet and praising words.
Besides this, Chubukov is well aware that Lomov is a rich land owner and does not
want to miss the chance of marrying his daughter to him. So, he uses various courtesies to
impress Lomov.
Q2:- Chubukov says of Natalya:”…..as if she won’t consent! She’s in love; egad, she’s like a
lovesick cat…” Would you agree? Find reasons for your answer.
Ans: Yes, we agree with what Chubukov says that Natalya is a love sick cat. At first she had a hot
argument with Lomov for Oxen Meadows. She abused him a lot and drove him out of her
house. But as soon as she came to know that Lomov had come with a marriage proposal for
her, she wailed and moaned for losing the golden chance for getting married. She sent
Chubukov for him and decided to settle the dispute, forgetting about her ego and self respect
only to wedlock herself with Lomov.
Q3:- Find all the words and expressions in the play that the characters use to speak about
each other,and the accusations and insults they hurl at each other. (For example,
Lomov in the end calls Chubukov an intriguer; but earlier, Chubukov has himself called
Lomov, a “malicious, double faced intriguer”. Again, Lomov begins by describing
Natalya as “an excellent housekeeper, not bad looking, well educated.”
Ans: The words and expressions used by characters to speak about each other are-
i) My Darling iv) My Angel
ii) My Dear Fellow v) My Precious
iii) Honoured
The accusations and insults they hurl at each other are:-
i) Petti-Fogger xiii) Confounded Cheek
ii) You Lomovs had Lunacy in your xiv) Stuffed Sausage
family. xv) The Wizen faced frump
iii) Guzzling Gambler xvi) You ought to sit at home with
iv) Hump-Backed your palpitations
v) Intriguer xvii) Boy
vi) Malicious,double-faced intriguer xviii) Pup
vii) Rascal xix) Old rat
viii) The Villain xx) Jesuit
ix) The Scarecrow xxi) You ought to go and lie on the
x) The Monster kitchen oven and catch black
xi) Blind Hen beetles, not go after foxes.
xii) Turnip Ghost
 Class 10th The Proposal English
ii) Think of five adjectives expressions of your own to describe each character in the play.
Ans:- Stepan Stepanovitch Chubukov:-
i) Old Landowner
ii) Flatterer
iii) Ingratiating (tries to impress the person to benefit himself)
iv) Hypocrite
v) Diplomatic
vi) Irresponsible father
vii) Selfish
viii) Egoist of Egotist
Natayla Stepanovna:-
1) Mature Girl, 25 years old, unmarried.
2) Hard Working.
3) Good Looking.
4) Well Educated.
5) Quarrelsome.
6) Short Tempered.
7) Egoist
8) Lovesick Cat
9) Ill-Mannered.
10) Excited.
11) Greedy.

Ivan Vassilvitch Lomov

1) Rich Landowner, 35years old.
2) Bachelor
3) Mannered
4) Suffering from Palpitations.
5) Egoist
6) Well Dressed.
7) Quarrelsome.

iii) Can you now imagine what these characters will quarrel about next?
Ans:- The characters can quarrel about any petty thing. They can quarrel about previous two
issues of oxen Meadows and pet dogs because they remained unsolved. Moreover, they
could also quarrel about their houses, livestock, peasants and other trivial issues. Since,
the next thing in their decision is champagne, so they would quarrel about its brand, its
costs, its quality.
Character Sketch of Lomov:-
Lomov is a young land owner of 35. He is single i.e., unmarried. He is a neighbor of
Chubukov. He has inherited a large property from his aunt and uncle. He often suffer from
palpitation. He is a shy and hesitating man. He is also careful about his appearance. He dresses up
very carefully. He is aware of the special occasion for which he has come to Chubukov’s house.
Lomov is eager to get married. He decides to marry to Natalya, the only daughter of Chubukov.
Lomov is a very nervous person. He soes not have any self confidence. At the very first
opportunity he loses his balance of mind. He has preferred himself to propose marriage to Natalya
but he is not able to do so when the time comes. He becomes nervous even before Natalya come
before him. He drinks many glasses of water to ever come his nervousness. His life stand troubling
and his heart stats beating faster.
Ivan Lomov takes a long time to the point. Lomov gets involved in bitten and useless
agreements about the meadows and about the breed of dogs. Right till the end he does not manage
to proper Natalaya. It is Stephen who, finally forces the two to kiss each other.
Lomov is funny character. He is remarkable character created by Chubukov. He serves the
purpose of uproarious laughter in the play. His presence adds to the farcical elements in the play.
Character Sketch of Natalaya:-
Natalaya is the only daughter of Stepan Chubukov. She is twenty five years of age. She is a
good housekeeper. She is not bad looking. She does not seem well educated as Lomov says that
she is welled educated. She is unmarried and wants to be loved. That is why her father calls her a
love sick cat.
Natalaya is very eager to get married to the first person who proposes to her. She, like
Lomov,thinks that she must get married as soon as possible .She does not have any respect for
Ivan. She considers him to be a liou and a fool. She thinks that he is swindler who wants to grab lion
land. However when she comes to know that Ivan has comes to know that Ivan has come to propose
marriage to her, her attitudes completely changes. Inspite of her bad opinion about him, she does
not hesitate to accept his proposal. This shows that “She is quite been to get married”.
Natalaya can bully anyone. Her father has no control over her. She appears the loss of the
house. She forces her father to call back Ivan. Swepher does not meant to call him back but he does
not to oppose his strong daughter,
She is very suitable character. She cannot control her temper. She cannot bear to think that
anyone can do injustice to her. Second time when Ivan comes back, she is determined fight with him
again. But she soon forgets and starts about their dogs. She addressing to that his dog is the best
and eventually. It her father when forces the couple to kiss each. Natalaya is quarrelsome and
farcical character in this play and serves the purpose of provicting uproarious laughterer in the play.
Theme of the Play:-
The force explores the process of getting married and could be read as a satire on the
upper middle class the courtship. The play points out the struggle to balance the economic
necessities of marriage. It shows the characters desperations for marriage as comical. In
Chubukov’s Russia, marriage was a meon of economic stability for most people. The
emotions associated with marriage were neglected. They married only to obtain wealth and
possession to satisfy social pressure. This utise is conveyed successfully by emphasiying the
couples foolish agreements over small things. The main argument resolves around the ozin
meadows and two dogs called uyerdi and otkatai.
 Class 10th Dusk English
Q1:- What was the atmosphere at the Hyde Park?
Ans:- It was around half past six in the evening of the month of March. Norman Gortsby the speaker
was enjoying twilight of the dusk. He was sitting in Hyde Park and was deliberating on the
people strolling around in the dusk. The park was scantily occupied and the pedestrian
movements were less on the footpath. There were many people moving silently and gloomily
in half light of the dusk. Some were sitting on the benches and chairs in the park. They could
be scarcely distinguished due to the fall of dusk on the park. The overall atmosphere of the
park was very depressing and more appropriately dusky.
Q2:- Do the atmosphere and mood at the park justify the title of the story.
Ans:- The story has been described in the dusk time. It is that time of the day when the light has
almost gone, but it is not yet completely dark. It is half past six and the dusk has fallen
heavily on the scene. The atmosphere alone is not dark, gloomy and dusky; the people who
have come to the park at this time of the day also seem to be depressed and defeated by the
struggles of life. It appears as if the people who have come to the park in the dusk have given
up the hope of success and vitality in their life. These people want to remain unnoticed from
other people of the world and they want to reflect and meditate about their defeated life in
spite of the unparalleled efforts to succeed it. The author has used the term “bat fashion”, to
describe these people because they hide their identity from others due to the fear of criticism
and accusation and thus come out in the dusk to soothe their discontented feelings towards
their life.
Q3:- Draw a profile of the person who sat near Gortsby on the bench.
Ans:- It was an elderly gentleman who sat first by the side of Gortsby on the bench at the Hyde
Park. The old person was in tattered clothes, looking shabby and his face had the
expressions of loneliness, helplessness and expressed hidden anger, as if a lifeless stone
was sitting beside Gortsby. He seemed to be a perfect picture of a person with self respect.
He did not bow or seek help from anybody. He seemed to be uncared probably because he
was in the dusk of his life.
Q4:- What according to Gortsby was the weak point of the young man’s story?
Ans:- The young man who sat beside Gortsby was a newcomer in the city. He had gone out of the
hotel to buy soap because he disliked hotel soaps. He further said that he had been walking
leisurely in search of the soap and had not kept any record of the distance he had traveled
from the hotel. After buying the soap, he had entered a pub to have a drink. He said that
when he had intended to return to his hotel, he had realized that he neither remembered the
way nor the name and address of the hotel he was staying in. Gortsby believed this story of
the young man because he himself had faced a similar fate along with a friend in a foreign
capital. He did not completely discard it but in order to convince himself about the reality of his
story, he asked the young man to produce the soap which he had bought. To his surprise, the
young man was unable to produce the soap and he pretended to have lost it. Gortsby
identified it as a weak point of his story and considered it an intentional creation of the
youngster to fool others and to earn money out of sympathy.
Q5:- While walking back to his seat in the park, what did Gortsby see?
Ans:- While walking back to his seat in the park, Gortsby saw the same old man who had been
sitting beside him earlier. He saw the old man poking and peering under the bench as if
looking for something. He asked the old man if he had lost anything. The old man replied that
he had lost the soap which he had bought.
 Class 10th ABHILEY English
Thinking About the Text:
Q1:- Do you think that Abhiley represents the simplicity of Ladakhi women? Cite two
example of her innocence and ignorance from the text.
Ans:- Abhiley, certainly, is a lady full of simplicity and the innocence of a child. She is very limited in
her perception and finds it very difficult to accept the dramatic changes brought about the
modern science and technology.
There are various examples in our text which can depict the utter innocence and ignorance of
Abhiley.
i) When Abhiley is told about the earthquake which rocks Turkey, she gets panicked and
worried because she feels that Rukshana would have been a victim of the quake. This
means that Abhiley is not able to have a demarcation between Turkey and Srinagar.
ii) When the author’s uncle leaves his gun in the kitchen, Abhiley gets worried and spends
sleepless nights because of the fear that it would explode if touched. Abhiley guards the
kitchen strictly and does not allow any child to go near the kitchen.
Q2:- Why didn’t Abhiley recognize Dolma and called her a memsahib?
Ans:- Dolma was wearing modern dress because she lived in Delhi. Abhiley called her a memsahib
because she had not seen for many long years and was used to see the simple dress of the
ladies like her. She herself used simple dresses and thus Dolma’s attire appeared foreign to
her.
Q3:- How will you estimate Abhiley’s response to modern technology?
Ans:- Abhiley is a mere illiterate to modern technology. Technical and sophisticated things appear a
fantasy to her. She is a loving and caring grandmother. But her too much ignorance makes
her a laughing stock. Even the members of her own family can’t stop themselves from
laughing at her. For instance, when she hears of a bus breaking down on its way, she feels
certain that none of the passengers would be alive. She has no concept of distances.
Moreover, when she and another Abhi go to see a film, they watch the film less and complain
more of nausea and headache. Moving pictures appear to be a dream for them and they do
not understand the theme of the movie until told.
Q4:- What are the major themes of the short story Abhiley?
Ans:- The major themes of ‘Abhiley’ are:-
i) Simplicity of elderly people.
ii) Pessimistic outlook.
iii) Excessive affection of elder people towards their family members and siblings.
iv) Innocent and uneducated elder people remain confined to their houses as such are
impacted negatively by the changing environment.
v) Criticism of simplicity of elders by younger generation.
vi) Doubts, superstitions and suspicions of elder folk.
Q5:- Abhiley was worried about Rukshana but why did she not opt to stay at Srinagar with
her?
Ans:- Abhiley was worried about Rukshana but she did not opt to stay at Srinagar with her because
she was a homw-sick elderly lady. She was comfortable only at her home. She also wanted
all her family members to stay with her and if any of them was away, she would be filled with
worry and apprehension. Thus, staying with Rukshana meant to be away from her sweet
home and family members.
 Class 10th ABHILEY English
Language Work
Word Meaning Sentence
The old lady with grey hair
Wrinkled, deep cheeks, due
Sunken Cheeks and sunken cheeks is our
to the old age.
warden
A huge bus had broken down
Broken Down Depressed; having a fault.
on the way to Kargil.
Hearing the straight forward
reply, the corrupt minister was
Pursed Her Mouth Closed the mouth
dumfounded and pursed his
mouth.
Last year, most of the
Expressing anger or Kashmiri youngsters were
Spewing Venom
bitterness spewing vnom against the
paramilitary forces.
The lady is in a ripe age, still
Hale and Hearty To be in a good health.
she is hale and hearty.

GENERATION GAP
Generation gap is a void caused by the different ideologies of the younger generation and
elder one. It is a barrier, which exists between the younger and older generation. Youngsters
being educated in a sophisticated way, try to be at par with the modern technology. Their life
style and decisions depend on the modern accessories. Their adolescent age also strengthens
the difference barrier. Their age provokes them to opt for modernization to remain fast forward,
and in this race they leave the moral values far behind.

On the contrary, the elder generations tend to be simple, confined, morally upgraded and
inclined to their respective religions. They are not driven by the glamour and splendor of modern
technology. No doubt, they honour the technological changes; still they tend to stick to their
simple life. They love their native place and their family members.

All the gaps can be removed by the development of the moral character of youngsters. This
can be done by improving the educational systems. Youth should be motivated towards religious
tales which would purgue their personality. Besides, elder people should also take keen interest
in the day to day changes of technology and remain updated with modern science so that they
are not criticized or looked down upon by the young. They should act as ideal to them, being
morally enlightened and scientifically updated and knowledgeable.
Class 10th OUT OF BUSINESS English
Thinking about the text:-
Q1:- What was Rama Rao’s business? How did it collapse?
Ans:- Rama Rao worked as a Malgudi agent of a gramophone company. He had also invested
some amount in the company, which he had inherited from his ancestors. Unfortunately, the
company collapsed as a result of the Bombay financier’s death.
Q2:- What effect did it have on him and his family?
Ans:- The collapse of Rama Rao’s business and a catastrophe for him. He suddenly found himself
in terrible financial crisis. His wife sent away the cook and the servant, withdrew their children
from a reputed school to a fee-free school. They let their bungalow out and resided in a small
house in a market place. Rama Rao started looking for a job in order to earn money.
Q3:- Which is ‘stock’ referred in line 23?
Ans:- ‘Stock’ refers to the few gramophones left with Rama Rao top be supplied to Malgudi.
Q4:- Why did Rama Rao worry less about his family after he came across “The Captain”?
Ans:- After coming across ’The Captain’, Rama Rao’s whole attention diverted to the crossword
puzzle of the said magazine than the problems of his family. He continued asking for money
from his wife and became insensitive about the needs of his family and worsened the
conditions of his family. He preferred to solve puzzles given in ‘The Captain’ to earn more and
more money rather than thinking about any other means of livelihood.
Q5:- Why did Rama Rao decide to send in at least four entries for the “Special Offer
Crossword Competition”?
Ans:- Rama Rao decided to send in at least four entries for the ‘Special Offer Crossword
Competition’,because he had become desperate to earn a good sum of money i.e., Eight
Thousand Rupees, in a very easy and short way. He asked his wife for five rupees to send in
four entries so that he gets the prize anyhow. No doubt, he troubled and grieved his wife and
children but left no stone unturned to gain the effortless sum from the crossword puzzle.
Q6:- Why did Rama Rao plan to go to Madras?
Ans:- Rama Rao planned to go to Madras to find some lucrative job for himself.
Q7:- What made Rama Rao believe that God had shown him mercy?
Ans:- Rama Rao believed that God had shown mercy on him because he was lucky that he got a
chance to amend his error. He had got an opportunity to work hard and earn for his family,
after being saved from suicide attempt. Rama Rao had repented on his mistake and could
start his life afresh with his family only because of God’s Mercy.
Q8:- How did Rama alternate between hope and despair?
Ans:- Rama Rao’s life had become like a pendulum which oscillated between hope and despair.
This alternation had been brought about by Rama Rao’s follies. He was driven by the greed of
gaining more and more money easily and by short cut method. He lost his self-respect and
thinking capacity because of this hope-despair transmission. He hoped that by solving those
useless puzzles, he could earn money. Every time he failed in solving them, he again
overwhelmed himself with despair and disappointment. Then, after recovering from this
hopelessness, he would again fix his eyes and hope on the next week’s puzzle. This
alternation ruined his life.

Ans: For several weeks Rama Rao had been sending entries for the cross word puzzle, but in vain,
he never succeeded in winning the prize. One week, there was a special offer, in which the
prize money was set at 8000 rupees instead of four thousand. Rama Rao studied the puzzle
thoroughly and felt there were only four doubtful solutions and was confident that the other
answers he selected were correct. This tune he didn’t want to leave anything to chance as he
wanted to win. So, he decided to send in atleast four entries to give him a better chance of
winning the prize.
 Class 10th The Servant (S.T Semyonov) English
Thinking about the text:-
Q1:- Why had Gerasim been going about in vain?
Ans:- Gerasim had been going about in vain because he was rendered jobless. He was searching
for a job at a time when it was difficult to find one. It was Christmas Eve and everyone stuck to
the pity job in the expectation of a present.
Q2:- Where had he been working? Why did he return to his village?
Ans:- He had been working as an employee of a merchant. Before that he had worked in a brewery
and as a lower servant. He had been called to his village for his requirement in military
services, (i.e., he was conscripted). Unfortunately, he was not selected and thus he had to go
without work for weeks together.
Q3:- What did the coachman tell Gerasim when he narrated his story?
Ans:- When Gerasim narrated his story, the coachman condemned him for working inefficiently. He
told him that the young people like him were unsuccessful to impress their masters and when
they were replaced, there was no chance for them to join back because of the bad
impression.
Q4:- When did the coachman persuade his master to employ Gerasim?
Ans:- The coachman persuaded his master to employ Gerasim by suggesting him to expel the
janitor who had grown old and was unable to carry out the assigned jobs efficiently. He
motivated him to dismiss the old servant who had worked for him for fifteen years. He assured
his master that the old janitor and his wife had earn enough money to lead their future life
comfortably. His master trusted him more than anyone else and thus agreed with his
suggestion of replacing old janitor with Gerasim.
Q5:- Why was the master reluctant to disengage the old servant?
Ans:- The old servant, Policarpych had been a loyal and trust worthy servant of his master for
fifteen long years. He had served him a lot. The old man had dedicated his prime, energetic
and youthful period of his life in the service of his master. So the master was reluctant to
disengage him. He felt it unjust to dismiss him in his ripe age when he should for his lifelong
service. But the coachman poisoned his ears and provoked him to disengage the poor, old
servant.
Q6:- What did Gerasim hear while crossing the yard?
Ans:- While crossing the yard, Gerasim heard the old servant, Polikarpych (whom he was supposed
to replace) complaining against the coachman. They seemed to be pained at the
thanklessness of their master. They also talked about the treacherous and deceptive nature of
the coachman. His wife also continued abusing the coachman and the old couple was worried
about their survival in future without a job.
Q7:- What did the old couple think about the master?
Ans:- The old couple was very annoyed and disheartened by their master’s decision. The old
servant’s wife considered her master mean and thankless. She believed that their master
exploited them when they were energetic and strong, but when they became weak, he
preferred to expel them rather supporting them in their old age. However, the old servant,
Policarpych was of the opinion that his master was not at fault but his ears were being
poisoned by the coachman.
Q8:- What was the effect of the old couple’s conversation on Gerasim?
Ans:-The old couple’s conversation pinched him and he became heart-sore. He was deeply hurt by
their talks and decided to look for other job than to deprive the old man from his job when he
needed badly.
Q9:- How does the story reflect the humility of Gerasim?
Ans:- The story is a subtle reflection of humility of Gerasim because he refused to work in place of
Polikarpych. He did not tolerate to render an old man jobless in order to employ himself. It
indicated that he was a man of heart who preferred to leave his job but did not work in place
of an old and faithful servant.
Class 10th The Necklace English
Name of the Shuttle:- U.S space shuttle “Columbia”.

Take off and its journey:- Lifted off on 16 Jan;2003 from Kennedy Space Centre, Florida,
orbited for 16 days, conducted 80 experiments.

Membership:- Seven crew members including Indian born American astronaut Kalpana
Chauli.

Landing and Tragedy:- Landing on Sat.1, February 2003. Shuttle lost contact with NASA at
9:00 am, streated over texas towards its landing strip. Altitude 200,000 ft and 20,000 kms per
hour when ground control lost contact.

Bactrian Camel:-
The zoological name of Bactrian camel is Camelus Bacterianus. It is covered with a coat of
light to dark brown in colour, which is short in summer. It bears thin manes on chin,
shoulders, hind leg and hump. In winter, the coat becomes longer, thicker and darker. It is
1500 pounds in weight. It lives in grasslands, valleys and mountainous areas. It prefers to eat
grass, leaves and shrubs but will also cut dry vegetable and saltbushes that other animals
avoid. It is well adapted to cold and scarce conditions. Its feet are well adapted to prevent
sinking in sand. Its long legs allow it to travel long distances easily. It has two humps, which
contain 36 kgs of fat to be used in scarce conditions of food. It is an endangered species with
a life span of 40 years.

CHARACTER SKETCH OF MATILADA

Matilda is a young and beautiful wife of Mr. Loise, a clerk. She is proud of her elegant
beauty. She is unhappy with her poor lot. She thinks she is a victim of social injustice and
ilony of fate. She is unhappy with her husband small house and old furniture. She feels that
she has been deprived of the comforts and luxuries, which she might have enjoyed by
marrying a rich man. She is ashamed of her present miserable life. She pots her foolish
demands before her husband who strives hard to make them come true. The loss of the
necklace proves a turning point in the development of her character. It makes her a careful
and responsible woman, grumbling over the poor lot of her husband gives ways to respect
and gratitude for her tolerance and generosity.
Matilada, thus plays two different roles in the story, before the loss of the necklace.
She is a thoughtless, ungrateful, proud beauty, unhappy with poverty of her husband. After
the loss, she becomes a mature, humble and grateful wife who can gladly sacrifice every
pleasure to get her husband out of his financial misely. This change in her character makes
her a lovable character inspite of all faults and
Class 10th The Necklace English
Q1:- The course of the loises life changes due to necklace. Comment.
Ans:-The course of the loises life changed due to the necklace because before it Loisels
appear to lead a peaceful and affectionate life except for the psychological sadness of
Matilada. They seem to manage their life smoothly even at low wages. But due to the
unsatisfied feeling of towards her life, she borrows necklace from her friend to give
herself temporary and fake happiness. Finally after losing the borrowed necklace she
along with her poor husband spends ten long and miserable years in restoring the cost
of the necklace. She loses the health and beauty of the rest of our life because of her it
adoring herself in an apparently rich woman at the night of the ball. She loses the
comfort and happiness of her remaining young age because of her happiness and
enjoyment of that night.
Q2:- What was the cause of Matilada's ruin? How could she have avoided it?
Ans:- Matilada outlook towards her symbolized discretion her. She was never satisfied with
her life of low standards. She considers herself liable to luxuries and pleasures of life.
So naturally he wishes for those accessories which were above her standard and
made herself prone touch things which would give her temporary fame and flattery but
permanent dissatisfaction and disappointment. It was because of her thinking she did
not go to the ball in her real get up of a middle-class lady but he fitted herself up as a
rich lady with beautiful dress and jeweler. Soon after losing the borrowed jeweler of her
friend, there started a terrible phase of her life in which her beauty and fineness gave
way to shabby look and crude natured poor women.
Q3:- What would have happened to Matilda if she had confessed to her friend that she
had lost her necklace?
Ans:- The situation would have been entirely different if Matilda had confessed to her friend
that she had lost her necklace. Her friend would have forgiven her for the folly and
would have disclosed about the fakeness of the necklace. This would have ruined
Matilda's life and she would not have been struggled against the challenges of life. But
it is also to be considered that because of not confessing she suffered a lot for her
mistake of remaining dissatisfied and being carried away by wishes. This incident
would have taught her a good lesson.
Q4:- If you are caught in a situation like this, how will you deal with this?
Ans:- If I am caught in a situation like this I will also deal with this in the same way and will
make up my mind to accept the reality of the life in future. I will also pledge never to be
dissatisfied but to be contended in every situation. I would also disclose the reality to
my friend eventually after clearing my ruinous debts.
Q5:- Draw a character sketch of Matilda?
Ans:- Matilda is a pretty lady who is married to a humble clerk. She considered herself to be
a lady of great fortune but she thinks that it is because of the mistake of fate she has
been married to a poor person. She is easily carried away by wishes and seems to be
a foolish kind of lady who always thinks of a luxurious life for herself without
considering the reality. She keeps her wishes before her poor husband who strives
hard to make their both ends meet. She joins the party by dressing herself in a very
awesome way not knowing about the reality of her future life. Then after losing the
necklace she struggles with the circumstances put forth by her unsatisfied nature for
ten years and finally ruins her youth and beauty because of the envious and
discontented psychology.
Class 10th Bholi (K.A.Abbass) English
Thinking about the text:-
Q1:- For what unusual reasons is Bholi sent to school?
Ans:- Bholi, the simpleton is sent to school by her parents because of many unusual reasons. The
poor girl bears ugly pockmarks on her face and is a backward child with little heed paid
towards her. So her parents conclude that because of her distinct loopholes, she is not having
any chance of getting married as such they decide to send her to a school under the vigilance
of her teachers. Moreover, Bholi’s father, being the reputed Numbardar wants to set an
example wants to set an example in front of whole village by educating his daughter, Bholi, on
account of the suggestion of the Tehsildar. Actually, he knows that Bholi, being a little
abnormal won’t be settled in her life, so he nominates himself by sending Bholi to school.
Q2:- How does Bholi find her teacher different from other people?
Ans:- Bholi finds her teacher very different from other people because her teacher talks in a
sober and soothing manner. Bholi feels a great care and encouragement in the touching
speech of her teacher. Bholi perceives her teacher different from her parents because they
neglect her and take her forgranted. Moreover, when she enters the school, all the girls start
laughing at her. Nevertheless, she feels comforted and boosted with life and enthusiasm
when her teacher talks to her in a nice and loving way.
Q3:- Why do Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal?
Ans:- Bishamber is a well off grocer of a neighboring village, who is of Bholi’s father and
has a limp in walking. He has two children who are grown up from his first wife. Despite these
features of Bishamber, Bholi’s parents accept his marriage proposal because they feel that it
would be impossible for Bholi to get married because of her ugly pockmarks and mental
retardation. So, they feel it judicious to marry their innocent daughter to an old man without
considering the future of poor Bholi.
Q4:- The ending of the story is very dramatic. Do you think her decision not to marry
Bishamber makes her an outcast/rebellious or is it an assertion of her being and
individual and a woman of a substance.
Ans:- The ending of the story is certainly dramatic and inspiring. We think her decision not
to marry Bishamber makes her an outcast or a rebellious girl. She ought to have stood
against this injustice because she is also an individual and has self-respect and right
to decide about her future life.
She also seems to assert of her being and individual and a woman of substance
because she does not let her loopholes surmount her confidence and individuality.
Bishamber, being an old man of fifty and a defective person demands a huge dowry to marry
Bholi, but Bholi on her side plays a heroic role by discarding his proposal and condemning
him for his selfish personality. Thus she shows that she appears to be weak and a dumb cow
but actually she is a brave woman in substance.
Q5:- Bholi’s real name is Sulekha. We are told this right at the beginning but only in
the last but one paragraph of the story is Bholi called Sulekha again. Why do you think
she is called Sulekha at that point in the story?
Ans:- Bholi has been called so, since the beginning of the story. She is addressed in this
manner because she appears to a be foolish person who is unable to take right decision or
make plans. This name totally conceals her personality and individuality. Her family neglects
her and no one tries to evoke her out of her abnormal behavior or stammering way of speech.
But when she comes in association with her teacher, she becomes encouraged and comes
up as a talented girl with her loopholes left far behind. On the day of her marriage, she rejects
Bishamber’s proposal and saves her individuality. Thus she fulfills the expectations of her
teacher and does not continue to be a Bholi, but this Bholi changes into a strong and reputed
woman, namely Sulekha.
Class 10th Miracles (Walt Whitman) English
Central Idea:-
People generally wait for miracles to happen because they consider them unexpected
and supernatural events. But the poet of the poem, Whitman presents altogether a different
thought about miracles. He believes that miracles do happen all the time around us. He
expresses his great surprise as why people feel excited about miracles and admire them. He
draws his miracles from day to day life. He is of the opinion that the people and the city are
full of miracles. According to his viewpoint, the nature itself is an emblem of miracles --- the
creation and the activities of honeybees, animals, fish, rocks, the sun and the moon are all
miracles.
Summary:
The poem, ‘Miracles’ has been pen-locked by ‘Walt-Whitman’. He uses free verse in
his poems, as such is referred to as ‘the father of free verse’.
In this poem, the poem wants to convey a message and says that miracles are not
unexpected and extraordinary events we should feel excited about. In fact, they do happen
every minute, every day around us, across the world and in the entire universe. He says that
the routine life of people is itself filled with innumerable miracles. In fact, miracles can be
seen in our day to day life. For him, walking down the streets of Manhattan (a populous
American City) is a miracle. He ponders over the nature and says that the vast expanse of
the sky, the soothing effects of the waves, watching stars in the moonlit sky, standing under
the shade of the trees, watching the activities of honey bees during summer days, animal
feeding themselves in the fields, feeling, feeling the sun on over faces and observing the
fine, thin curve of the new moon in spring are all miracles to him. The poet further says that
having conversation with our beloved ones, eating dinner with our family members and
looking at the strangers sitting opposite to us in the car are all miracles.
The poet finally winds up his count of miracles by saying that there are limitless
miracles but all of them have specific importance at their respective places. From his point of
view every hour of the day and night, every cubic inch of the world and space, every square
of the earth, and every foot of the interior of the earth is dominated and crowded with
miracles. The endless seas, the enormous fish, the beautiful rocks, the movement of the
waves and the sailing of the ships with men are all marvelous and miraculous from the poet’s
point of view.
Q1:- The usual view of a miracle is that it seldom happens. What does Walt Whitman
think about the miracles?
Ans:- The usual view of a miracle is that it seldom happens. It is considered an unexpected
or supernatural event. But according to Walt Whitman, miracles happen in everyday
life. According to him, the people of city, various natural creatures and phenomenon
are all miracles to him. All these things pass unnoticed by the busy people of world
but, he ponders over them and concludes that every major and miniature thing of
nature is a miracle.
Q2:- When you read the poem, you notice that some 'miracle' are from nature; other
are connected with people and city life. Make lists of these. Notice how Whitman
from on to another.
Ans:-We notice many 'miracles' in this poem. The 'miracles' from nature are:- serenity of
woods; honey bees busy in sucking nectar; animals feeding in the fields; sunset;
shining of stars; thin curve of new moon; life in sea, fishes, motion of waves.
 The 'miracles' concerned with people and city life is:-
Busy streets of Manhattan; multistoried buildings of Manhattan; moving along the
beach; talking to one's beloved; dining with family; strangers riding in the cars and
subway cars.
Q3:- What do the lines about Manhattan and the subway car tell us about Whitman's
feeling for people?
Ans:- The lines about Manhattan and subway cars tell us that Whitman is a great lover of
human kind(Philanthropist).When he ponders over the huge constructions and the
busy streets of Manhattan, he gets thrilled and considers it a miracle. The subway
cars, which run underground carrying people, also fascinate Whitman and his love for
humanity increases many fold.
Q4:- Is there any rhyme scheme in the poem?
Ans:-No, there is no rhyme or rhythm, the poem is written in free verse.
Q5:- What are the images that the poet has used?
Ans:-The poet has used rich images in the poem. Some of them are as under:
1) Wade with naked feet along the beach.
2) Stand under trees in the woods.
3) sit at the table with the rest.
4) Look at strangers opposite him riding in the car.
5) Animals grazing in the fields.
Class 10th FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET English
Q1:-How would you assess Griffin as a scientist?
Ans:- As a scientist, Griffin seems to be appreciable. He is a brilliant scientist who is very
determined about his experimental skill. He strives very much to make his experiment,
of making a human body invisible, a success. Ultimately, when he is not able to get his
desired results from his experiments, he ingests several unusual and rare drugs and
makes his efforts a success by becoming invisible.
Q2:- The two boys in London were surprised and fascinated. Why?
Ans:- The two boys got surprised on observing the fresh muddy imprints of a pair of bare
feet on the steps of a house in the middle of London. They were fascinated when they
saw some new footmarks appearing one after the other without the feet being visible at
all.
Q3:-What did Griffin do inside the shop?
Ans:- Griffin slipped into a big London store and as soon as the shop was closed. He put on
Warm clothes, shoes, an overcoat and a wide-brimmed hat. Then he ate cold meat
with coffee followed by sweets and wine. Finally, he settled down to sleep on a pile of
guilt’s.
Q4:-How did he escape from the London store?
Ans:- In London store, Griffin took rest on a pile of quilts after feeding himself at night. He
was fast asleep and was not able to wake up before the store was opened by the
assistants in the morning. on seeing them, the scientist got into a panic and begun to
rum. The assistants gave him a chase. He quickly took off his clothes and escaped out
of the store invisibly.
Q5:- He entered the shop of the theatrical company. What did he do there?
Ans:- After escaping from the Londan Store, Griffin entered the shop of the theatrical
company. He wore bandages round his forehead, put on dark glasses, false nose, big
bushy side-whiskers and a large hat. Then he attracked the shopkeeper from behind
and robbed him of all the money he had.
Q6:-Why was the arrival of the stranger in a village in an unusual event? Give two
reasons.
Ans:-The arrival of this stranger in a village inn was an unusual event because it was mid-
winter and the atmosphere was very chilly and deserted. Moreover, Griffin had
disguised himself in a strange way. So, his strange appearance and arrival surprised
everyone.
Q7:-How did the scientist look when he came to the inn?
Ans:- The scientist looked very strange when he came to the inn. He had his forehead
covered with bandages, big bushy side whiskers, dark glasses and talked to everyone in an
irritable manner. He preferred solitude and thus appeared to be an eccentric person to
everyone at the inn.
Q8:- The landlord's wife was convinced that Griffin was "an eccentric scientist". What
made her think of Griffin in these terms?
Ans:- Griffin had an uncommon and a very strange appearance. Mrs. Hall tried to be friendly
with him but he avoided her and asked her not to disturb him. Besides this, his strange habits
and irritable temper made her believe that he was an eccentric scientist.
Q9:- What was "the curous episode" that took place in the Clergyman's study?
Ans:- Very early in the morning the clergyman and his wife heard some noise which
revealed that someone was stealing money from the clergyman's desk in the study. On
entering the room, they were surprised to see it empty and the money was missing from the
desk.
Q10:- The landlord and his wife were surprised to see the scientist's door wide open.
Why were they surprised?
Ans:- The landlord and his wife were surprised to see the scientist's door wide open
because it was shut and locked all the time and the scientist used to get furious if
anyone entered his room, as he preferred solitude. On finding the door open, Mr. and
Mrs. Hall entered the room and started to investigate it. All of a sudden, Mrs. Hall
heard a sniff close to her ear. After a while, Griffin's hat jumped on its own and hit her
on the face. Then the bedroom chair moved, jumped and pushed them out of the
room.
Q11:- Mrs. Hall almost fell down the stairs in hysterics. Pick out an example of humor
from what follows this incident.
Ans:- Mrs. Hall was terrified by the strange incident. She believed that Griffin had made her
mother's spirit enter the chair which attacked her and she felt quite disturbed on
thinking that her mother's spirit rose up against her. This is a humorous incident.
Q12:-The scientist was furious. What did he do in anger? Why were the people in the
bar horrified?
Ans:- Mrs. Hall questioned Griffin and enquired about the incident that had happened in his
room. He shouted at her and told her that he would show her his real identity within
just a minute. He threw off his bandages, whiskers, spectacles and false nose, due to
which his head disappeared. All the people present in the bar were greatly horrified to
see a headless man in front of them.
Q13:-What happened to the constable?
Ans:-The constable was called to capture Griffin. The Scientist was putting off his clothes
one by one and ultimately became totally invisible. The brave constable still tried to get
hold of the invisible scientist, but he hit him and he felt unconscious.
Q14:-The scientist was a man of "irritable" to prove this.
Ans:-The scientist was a man of irritable temper. It has been clearly shown by many
incidents. One such incident is when MRS Hall questioned him about the abnormal
behavior of her furniture; he loses his temper and discloses his identity. Moreover, he
dislikes friendly atmosphere and prefers loneliness, which depicts that he was
unsociable, and a man irritable temper.
Discussion
Q1:- Do you think Griffin misused his discovery? How?
Ans:-Griffin is sketched in our perception as a brilliant scientist for he discovered the
formula of becoming invisible, but he was a lawless person as well. He misused his
discovery in many ways. Firstly, he slipped into the London store and gave himself the
pleasure of clothing and feeding illegally. Secondly, he went to the shop bearing the
stock of a theatrical company and disguised himself with its stock. He also attacked
the shopkeeper mercilessly and robbed him of his money. He stole money from
clergyman's house and finally, he had an encounter with the constable, the landlord
and the landlady and escaped invisibly to further clarify his lawless nature.
Class 10th FROM THE DIARY OF YOUNG GIRL (ANNE FRANK) English
Thinking About The Text:-
Q1:- Was Anne right when she said that the world would not be interested in the
musing of a thirteen-year-old girl?
Ans:- Anne seemed to be right when she said that the world would not be interested in the
musing of a thirteen year old girl because she was the youngest member of her family, so,
naturally she would have been treated as a jolly child who is full of tricks and fun. But Anne
seemed to be a child of mature and insightful thinking which perhaps was not known to her
family members. That is why, they did not pay any heed to her musings and thus she felt to
be lonely and depressed.
Q2:- In which language was The Diary Of Anne Frank originally written?
Ans:- The Diary Of Anne Frank was originally written in Dutch because her family had
Immigrated to Holland where she started writing the said Diary. It was later translated into
many languages of the world and became a very famous book.
Q3:-Why does Anne need to give a brief sketch of her family? Does she treat 'Kitty'
as an insider or outsider?
Ans:- Anne Frank makes Kitty her close friend and before jotting her intimate feelings, she
introduces Kitty to her family, so that her true friend whom she might find in her future life
would understand her conversation to Kitty in a convenient manner.
She treats 'Kitty' as an insider because she introduces her life and family to Kitty as if she
were to know and understand her. She receives the diary at the age of thirteen, so she
recapitulates the important events of her life to Kitty.
Q4:-How does Anne feel about her father, her grandmother, Mrs. Kuperus and Mr.
keesing?
Ans:- Anne loves and adores her father, Otto Frank, very much. He had been married to
Eidth Hollander at the age of thirty-six and they had two daughters. They migrated to
Holland in 1933.Anne seems to miss her grandmother who died in 1942, when Anne was 13
years old. She often thinks of her and still loves her very much.
Mrs. Kuperus is Anne's headmistress at the Montessori Nursery school. She was Anne's
teacher, when she was in class six. She had a close association with her and both Anne and
Mr Kuperus were emotional when Anne left the said school.
Mr Keessing is Anne's maths teacher. He is an old-fashioned man who had been annoyed
with Anne for a long time because of her talkative nature. He usually assigned Anne extra
homework to punish her for her talkative habit.
Q5:- What does Anne write in her first essay?
Ans:-In her first essay entitled, 'A chatterbox' assigned to her by Mr Keesing, Anne writes
about the necessity of talking. She describes talking as a student's characteristic feature
.Moreover; she defends her habit of talking idly by considering it an inherited trait from her
mother, who also used to be talkative.
Q6:- Anne says teachers are unpredictable. Is Mr. Keesing unpredictable? How?
Ans:- Anne says teachers are unpredictable because one never knows what teachers think
about their students. She cannot foretell who among her friends would be favored by her
teachers and promoted to next class. She also cannot perceive whether her teachers assign
her homework to punish her or to ridicule her.
As far as Mr keesing is concerned, Anne obviously considers him unpredictable
because he has been annoyed with her for a long time and as a punishment or just to ridicule
her, he has assigned her an essay. Anne thinks that Mr Keesing would have given her this
essay, ‘A Chatterbox’s that she could think about her habit and try to amend it. This
assignment could also be given to make Anne, a laughing stock in front of the whole class.
Class 10th PRAYER (G.A.MEHJOOR) English
Summary:-
Central Idea:-Man, in spite of being superior to all the other creatures, is ultimately helpless and
submissive to Almighty Allah. He begs to Almighty Allah in a desperate and earnest way to provide
him with knowledge and to save him from sluggishness, weakness and ignorance.
Detailed Summary:-
The poem 'Prayer' has been penlocked by 'G.A.Mehjoor' popularly as the 'Shair-e-Kashmir'.
The poem is addressed to God and the poet expresses his wishes before Almighty Allah. The poet
requests Allah to lead him on the path of righteous and the truth. He wishes to be free from
ignorance and wants to be enriched with knowledge so as to come close to his creator. He please to
Allah to cure him of his troubles and hear his pains and moans. he requests Allah to free him of the
clutches of laziness, weakness and doubts. He wishes to be energized with enthusiasm, emotions
and pious hopes. The poet further impores Allah to provide him the ability to recite beautiful verses
which would not be boring or irritating but would instill rejuvenation into the ignorant and demoralized
ones. he wants to spread the message of love and gospel of brotherhood to engulf bitterness and
hatred among people.
The poet requests Allah to bloom him with soothing and calm breezes of righteousness and
honesty and pleads Allah to save him from the terrible effects of ignorance and dishonesty which
decolourize one's personality. he prays to be awakened and seeks protection from being like dew
which is enlightened after the full illumination of the sun. It means that the poet wishes to be rightly
guided by just a wink of Allah's knowledge and wants to unravel the hidden mysteries of nature to be
close to the ultimate creator.
The poet condemns himself by saying that he seems to be a human being physically, but
when he ponders on his inner-self, he understands that he is far off from humanity. So, he requests
Allah, not to implement difficult trails on him because he is sure that he would not be successful in
those tests and thus would be humiliated for being a human, only in form. In the last two lines, the
poet concludes his request by considering himself as Mehjoor i.e a deserted one in front of the
people of this mortal world. But he does not fear the isolation because he is having this firm belief
that his lord would never abandon him despite his follies.
Thinking about the poem:
Q1:-Which way the poet implores his lord to lead him to?
Ans:- The poet implores his lord to lead him to the way of the truth and righteousness. he wishes to
be enlightened by knowledge and morality.
Q2:- Name the blessings that the poet prays for.
Ans:-The poet prays for the blessing of truthfulness, righteousness; motivation to remove bitterness;
the ability to inspire people towards the right path and to establish love and respect for each
other in the hearts of people.
Q3:-What is it that the poet wants to sing?
Ans:- The poet wants to sing the beautiful songs of love and brotherhood. He wants to motivate
people to remove bitterness against each other. He wants to inspire people by his speech to
break the shackles of ignorance and to lead ahead towards enlightenment.
 Q4:- "Subject me not to trials, shame not my human form." Explain.
Ans:-The poet seems to be humiliated and condemns himself for being human just physically. He is
sure if Allah subjects him to examination, he would not be successful in it because he cannot
tolerate or withstand them like a perfect human being. So he requests Allah not to subject him
to trials so that he is not ashamed of being a human being.