LAB MODIFICATION

Experiment No. 11
To Draw ILD of One Degree Indeterminate Beam.

Definition of ILD:
It represents the reaction of function within (support reaction, bending moment, shear force) at
a particular point of a structure when a unit load moves along the structure/members.
OR
Influence line is a graph of response function of a structure as a function of position of a
downward unit load moving across the structure.
The method of consistent deformation will be used for the analysis of indeterminate structures.

Objectives:
To draw the influence line diagram by using method of consistent deformation.

Influence lines are important in designing beams and trusses used in bridges, crane rails, conveyor
belts, floor girders, and other structures where loads will move along their span. The influence
lines show where a load will create the maximum effect for any of the functions studied

Apparatus:

1. Loads and Hangers

2. Measuring Scale
3. Beam
4. Dial Gauge

Procedure
Step 1:
1. To develop influence line for reaction By, we need to determine expression for By in
terms of variable position “X” of unit load.
Step 2:
2. Remove roller support to obtain statically determinate beam.
3. Determine degree of indeterminacy and select redundant.
4. Select the no of points along length of structure.
5. Place the unit load successively at each of points selected in the previous step.
Note:
1. Measure the deflection by deflection dial gauge in experimental calculations.
2. Measure the deflection by formulas in theoretical calculations.
3. Keep the points for experimentally and theoretically calculations same.
fBX = flexibility coefficient denoted the deflection primary beam at B, due to unit load X.
fBB = flexibility coefficient denoted the deflection at B, due to unit load of redundant at By.

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Following procedure is adopted while performing experiment:

1. Take a beam and measure its dimensions using measuring scale.

2. Attach the dial gauge slightly below the roller support and set it to zero.

3. Apply unit load at each point (A, B, C, D and E) and find the deflection at constant point(B).

4. Note the value of deflection from the dial gauge in millimetres.

5. Now using compatibility equation, calculate the value of horizontal thrust.

fBX + fBBBy = 0
𝐟𝐁𝐗
By = −
𝐟𝐁𝐁
6. Use method of consistent deformation to calculate the theoretical values.
7. Compare the experimental values of horizontal thrust with theoretical values and find
percentage difference.

𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 − 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

Percentage Difference = 𝑋 100
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

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Formula for Theoretical Deflection:

𝑷𝒙𝟐 (𝟑𝒂−𝒙)
𝒇𝑩𝑿 = − for 𝟎< 𝒙 <𝒂
𝟔𝑬𝑰

where,
P = Point load
a = Position of deflection
x = Position of load
This formula is applicable when point load is not at free end.

Formula for deflection at Free End:

𝑷𝑳𝟑
𝒇𝑩𝑩 = −
𝟑𝑬𝑰
Where,
L = Length of beam
P = Point Load
E = Modulus of Elasticity or Youngs Modulus
E = 200 KN/mm2 or 200 x 109 Pa (for steel beam)
𝒃𝒉𝟑
I = Moment of Inertia =
𝟏𝟐

Observations and Calculations:

External Position of load Theoretical Experimental
Sr # % Difference
Load (N) (m) By (N) By (N)
1

Conclusion

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References
➢ Structural analysis 5th edition by Aslam Kassamali Chapter 14, Page 559
➢ R.C Hibbeler 6th Edition Chapter 10, Page 412
➢ https://www.slideshare.net/mfrozi/beam-deflection-formulae