Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CANADIANS
TRUST
OCTOBER 2018
RAY BRADBURY’S
HALLOWEEN HIJINKS
PAGE 48
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Contents OCTOBER 2018
P. | 102
A P R I L B E N C ZE
ILLUSTRATION
BY JOSH HOLINATY
Vol. 193 | No. 1,153
OCTOBER 2018
Health
78 So You’re Going
Through Menopause
How to talk about the physical
and emotional changes with
the people who matter.
LEAH RUMACK
Environment
88 Our Inconvenient Truth
Canada is second in the
developed world when it
comes to per capita production
of garbage. Something’s gotta
give. C H A R L E S W I L K I N S
FROM CANADIAN GEOGRAPHIC
Life Lesson
96 Smart News
In the age of misinformation,
P. | 60
getting reliable journalism is more important than ever. LUC RINALDI
Editors’ Choice
102 Death of a Modern Wolf
To most of us, wolf attacks appear to happen at random. But the staff of
British Columbia’s Pacific Rim National Park Reserve know better.
J.B. MNPKINNON FROM HAKAI
READER FAVOURITES
2 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
ART OF LIVING GET SMART!
The RD Interview
18 Having a Laugh
P. | 116
The Baroness von Sketch Show’s
Jennifer Whalen on women in
comedy, dresses with pockets
and taking on edgy material.
CO U R T N E Y S H E A
Health
22 Got an Ear Full?
Earwax is part of your body’s
defense system.
SA M A N T H A R I D E O U T
Health
26 What’s Wrong With Me?
A medical mystery resolved.
L I SA B E N DA L L
C L AY TON H A N M E R
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 3
A HEALTHY, ROSY GLOW
LET YOUR SKIN
SHOW YOUR VITALITY
I N N O V A T I O N
NEOVADIOL
ROSE PLATINIUM
FORTIFYING AND REVITALIZING ROSY CREAM
CALCIUM + BEESWAX
VICHY MINERAL-RICH
THERMAL WATER
ROSE PERFUME
H Y P O A L L E R G E N I C • PA R A B E N - F R E E
T E S T E D U N D E R D E R M AT O L O G I C A L C O N T R O L
Editor’s Letter
The Way We Worry
WORRY CAN BE A WASTE OF TIME. For instance, I’m confident you
won’t find me on my deathbed wishing I’d spent more hours fretting
about rising interest rates, the tone of an email or whether I’d over-
pruned the rose bushes. In instances like these, worry is simply unproductive.
But, as health writer Jill Buchner reveals in our cover story, “Taming the ‘What
Ifs’” (page 40), strategies do exist for managing outsized concerns—and keep-
ing them from ruining our sleep or morphing into an anxiety disorder. She
also passes on insight into how our worries can help us solve problems and
protect and motivate ourselves.
There are, after all, those times when worry
seems perfectly reasonable. Reading Charles
Wilkins’ “Our Inconvenient Truth” (page 88), I
found myself wondering if we shouldn’t be more
concerned about the rate at which Canadians are
producing garbage (worldwide, we’re second
only to Americans).
Waste management is a sophisticated indus-
try. The methods of shunting trash from our
homes continue to evolve, but they are barely
keeping pace with our growing consumption.
Indeed, our problem with refuse is really
about how much stuff we’re buying. I’ve
decided to make that my focus and contrib-
ute to solving the problem by cutting back on
non-essential purchases. Hopefully that
will put my worry to good use.
R OGE R A ZI Z
Send an email to
dominique@rd.ca
Published by the Reader’s Digest Magazines Canada Limited, Montreal, Canada
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Contributors: Roger Aziz, April Bencze, Lisa Bendall,
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Halliday, Tessa Liem, Josh Holinaty, Amanda Iannacito, Roderick Kimball,
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rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 7
Contributors
FRANCA G. JOSH HOLINATY
MIGNACCA (Illustrator, “Taming
(Writer, “hat’s Outra- the ‘What Ifs’” page 40)
geous!” page 118)
Home base:
Home base: Toronto. Previously
Montreal. Previously published published in The New York Times
in The Eastern Door and Concordia and Wired. I don’t consider
University’s The Link. People myself a full-time fretter, but
enjoy reading outrageous stories worry does sometimes get the best
because they’re a diversion from of me. When that happens, I’m usu-
our hectic everyday lives. They ally thinking about the uncertainty
remind us not to take life too seri- of the future, financial stuff or, most
ously. On a personal level, reporting importantly, what I’ll have for sup-
on strange stories helps me explore per. Going out for a run usually
a more creative way of writing. helps clear my mind.
one should be concerned and assist right at first, I’ll check other outlets
those at risk in any way that they can. to confirm its legitimacy. Then I’ll
Shelter Movers as an organization message my wife about the story to
really demonstrates the power of get her reaction. She’s good at tell-
people helping others in the most ing me I’m wrong—or right (but I’m
basic ways. usually wrong).
8 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Letters
READERS COMMENT ON OUR RECENT ISSUES
K-9 PRIDE
In “Canine Courage” (July/August 2018), Rachel Rose
does a fabulous job of describing RCMP dog handlers,
a subject I suspect few Canadians know about. My
son-in-law is a sergeant for the Mounties and oversees
the handlers of the Police Dog Service Unit in New-
foundland and Labrador. He has had several animals
over his long career, and I’ve gotten to know some of
them, both during their working lives and after they
retire. They’ve demonstrated tremendous strength
and speed, along with incredible focus—nothing short
of a bomb going off would distract them. These Ger-
man shepherds and their handlers are impressive
duos, doing such great work for Canadians.
RICK ORLANDO, Huble y , N. S.
I STO C K .CO M
READER’S DIGEST
TRADITIONS REMEMBERED
Reading “Me, My Mom and Sears”
(May 2018) brought back many
memories. I miss the Sears catalogue
even more than I miss the company’s
physical stores. As a child growing up
in the 1960s, it was a big event when
the annual catalogue arrived at your
house. Thick and filled with colourful
pages, the books contained every-
thing, even the kitchen sink. Children
would pick out what they wanted
from Santa that year, and parents
SOUR CREAM PLAIN: would call in their orders on a rotary
A LOVE LETTER phone. They’d get to speak directly
Upon reading “Being Old-Fashioned: with a salesperson before having a
A Tragedy” (June 2018), I began to package delivered right to their door.
feel nostalgic. Sour cream plain is Those were the days!
my absolute favourite donut, but I PHILIP LYSACK, To r o n t o
have trouble finding them at most
Tim Horton’s outlets. I even wrote
to the company’s head office, beg-
ging for these amazing treats to be
brought back. No luck so far, but
I’ll bet there are others like me who
don’t like their desserts smothered
in cloying sugar. Thank you, Reader’s
Digest, for standing by the plainer
Timbits on the rack! Published letters are edited for length
MEL GODDARD, B l e n h e i m , O n t . and clarity.
WRITE We want to hear from you! Have something to say about an article you read in Reader’s
Digest? Send your letters to letters@rd.ca. Please include your full name and address.
GRAHAM ROUMIEU
TO US!
Contribute Send us your funny jokes and anecdotes, and if we publish one in a print
edition of Reader’s Digest, we’ll send you $50. To submit, visit rd.ca/joke.
Original contributions (text and photos) become the property of The Reader’s Digest
Magazines Canada Limited, and its affiliates, upon publication. Submissions may be
edited for length and clarity, and may be reproduced in all print and electronic media.
Receipt of your submission cannot be acknowledged.
FINISH THIS SENTENCE
…never missing an
opportunity to
help
someone …making the conscious decision to smile.
MARTHA WEAVERS, BRANTFORD, ONT.
out.
CORINNA PIEHLER, …staying thankful
MONTREAL, QUE.
for your blessings.
KAYE PERLEY,
JACKSONVILLE, N.B
…travelling—
as often and as far as possible!
GLADIS FLATT, ST. MARYS, ONT.
…cash.
Cold, hard cash.
DALE GOUGER,
PRINCETON, B.C.
…finding your inner child and letting them
loose once in a while. NADINE SMITH, WINFIELD, B.C.
Visit the Reader’s Digest Canada Facebook page for your chance to finish the next sentence.
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 11
ART of LIVING
B Y M O I R A FA RR
P HO TO GR AP HY B Y J E NNIFE R R OB E R T S
12 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
“I plan to make Shelter
Movers my life’s work,”
says founder Marc Hull-
Jacquin, pictured here
with the organization’s
board chair Vicky Sage.
READER’S DIGEST
14 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Life’s Like That
worst thing people had to deal with Send us your funny stories! They could
was, apparently, being given lemons. be worth $50. See page 10 or visit
@THEALEXNEVIL rd.ca/joke for more details.
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 15
CULTURE
RD Recommends
BY D A N IE LLE GR O E N
FIRST MAN
Make no mistake: Damien
Chazelle’s dazzling drama about
the Apollo 11 space flight is truly
out of this world. But the director’s
first film since Oscar darling La La Land is
equally focused on terrestrial affairs, explor-
ing the impact of Neil Armstrong’s mission on
his marriage, his family and his sense of self.
Given the sparky chemistry between Ryan Gosling
(as the first man) and Claire Foy (as his first wife), it’s
easy to see why Chazelle keeps the flick close to home. Oct. 12.
DID YOU KNOW? After his walk on the moon made him the most famous
man on earth, Neil Armstrong largely vanished from the public eye. But he
agreed to sit down with author James R. Hansen for more than 50 hours,
making 2005’s First Man the only authorized biography of the astronaut.
2 UNSHELTERED
Barbara Kingsolver
In her latest work, the American novelist bounces between cen-
turies to dramatize our resistance to new ideas. In one narrative,
an 1880s science teacher finds his admiration for Darwin to be
a threat to his marriage and his position; in the other, a couple
watches helplessly as their jobs vanish, their children move back
home and Trump careens toward the White House. Oct. 16.
16 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
3 MURPHY BROWN
Unapologetic feminist, medical-
marijuana experimentalist and fortysome-
(M U RP HY BR O W N) M O VI ES T OR E COLL E CT I ON LT D / ALAM Y S T OC K PH OT O; ( A S T A R I S BO RN ) NEAL PR ES TON/ 20 17 WARNER B RO S.
5 A STAR IS BORN
This particular star has been reborn
three times since the 1937 film featuring Janet
Gaynor: with Judy Garland in the ’50s, Barbra
Streisand in the ’70s and now Lady Gaga. The
pop singer plays a rising musician who falls in
4 SPLIT TOOTH
Tanya Tagaq
In an Arctic town in the
love with an established country star (Bradley
Cooper, in his directorial debut). American Hor-
ror Story: Hotel already snagged Gaga a Golden
1970s, a young woman Globe, so the surprise isn’t her acting chops but
must contend with high- Cooper’s pipes. The leading man can actually
school bullies, sexual vio- sing. Oct. 5.
lence and an unexpected
pregnancy. The Polaris
Music Prize–winning
throat singer Tanya Tagaq
mines northern myths and
E N T E RT A I N M E N T I N C .
BY C O URT N E Y S HEA
I LL U S T R A T I O N B Y A I MÉE VAN D R I M M EL EN
18 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
There’s also the fact that some men I was the kid who sat next to that kid
don’t see women as fully human, and and got them to say something that
here’s a show where women are fully would get them a big laugh and then
realized people with their own agen- get them in trouble and moved to
das. I think that’s important. another seat. I used a rotating cast of
kids so my teachers never realized it
What does each of the Baronesses was me.
bring to the group that’s unique?
We all come with a slightly different The last couple of years have been
point of view: Meredith is a single doozies in terms of depressing
mom; Aurora has a partner and an headlines. Does something like
eight-year-old; Carolyn is living the a Trump presidency or all the
fabulous queer life; and I have a part- #MeToo stories make it easier or
ner and a stepson. It’s like a band harder to be funny?
where we each play our own instru- I would say that it just informs what
ment, but then when we come we talk about—because of a move-
together, the sound is greater than ment like #MeToo, we can touch on
our individual parts. difficult things. In Season 3, we have
a sketch that Meredith wrote about
What’s an example of a sketch that the backlog of untested rape kits,
is “so Jenn”? which was an issue written about in
There’s one based on how I had gone The Globe and Mail. That’s a tricky
out and bought a bunch of new sum- topic to make funny, but because
mer dresses. Any time someone we’re all having those conversations,
would compliment me, I would say, it gives us permission to go there.
“Thanks. And it’s got pockets.”
One of our writers wrote some- Vogue called the Baronesses the
thing about that and then, later, I “best thing to come out of Canada
was out shopping with Aurora and since Ryan Gosling.” How did
I actually said the line. She was like, that feel?
“You know you just did a sketch That was pretty exciting. Ryan, if
about that.” you’re reading this, come and do the
show. We have this sketch called
Have you always been funny? Did “Middle-Aged Lady Make-Out Pile.”
you grow up making everyone How can you say no?
around you laugh?
At home, yes, but I was very shy at Season 3 of the Baroness von Sketch
school. I was never the class clown. Show premieres Sept. 18 on CBC.
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 19
Points to Ponder
I believe that the right to die with dig- My elementary school music teacher
nity should be a fundamental human is the reason I am doing any of this.
right. With the support of our laws As a child, [I] struggled through
and our health system, there must be school. She recognized something in
a better way to help our loved ones me and offered for me to do the solos
navigate their final days, if they in the choir instead of punishing me.
choose to write their own ending.
S i n g e r JOCELYN ALICE on how she
20 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
P H OTO : ( F R E E L A N D) CC A L E X G U I B O R D. Q U OT E S : ( F R E E L A N D) J U N E 13, 2018; ( F E R G U S O N ) N OV. 17, 2 017; ( D E WA R ) J U N E 12, 2018; (G AG N O N )
I have tried and failed three times to dreams and personal growth both
get through the turgid mess that is socially and professionally.
Moby Dick. I think some books
become classics in spite of themselves. AMÉLIE-FRÉDÉRIQUE GAGNON, one
of several national team skiers who accused
coach Bertrand Charest of sexual assault
Au t h o r WILL FERGUSON
to The Globe and Mail
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 21
HEALTH
Got an
Ear Full?
BY SA M A N T H A R I D E O U T
falls out or washes away, bringing U.K. You could even perforate your
germs and other foreign particles eardrum or dislocate the bones of the
with it and making room for the fresh inner ear.
wax that’s been created. Your ear canal may become
Normally, proper wax management obstructed by wax if the glands in
boils down to letting this process hap- your ears produce an excessive
pen naturally. If wax is visible on your amount (some just do), if your body
22 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
can’t manage to clear it out effect- your symptoms but rather an infec-
ively or if you accidentally jam it in tion, age-related hearing loss, an
further during a misguided cleaning injury from pressure changes or one of
attempt. Symptoms of many other problems.
blockage can include If earwax blockage is
earache, tinnitus, Earwax a frequent occurrence,
decreased hearing, diz- contains at least your doctor may rec-
ziness or even cough- ommend cleanings
ing, since the buildup and the use of earwax-
can push against softening drops. Com-
nerves and trigger the mercial formulas are
cough reflex. antimicrobial available, but mineral
peptides that
A doctor, who will oil or olive oil can also
fight off bacteria
have professional tools and fungi.
do the job. If a hearing
and methods, can aid is contributing to
achieve removal far your recurring prob-
more safely than you could. Another lem, says Saeed, you can try “remov-
reason why it’s best to visit a GP: it ing it several times per day for an
may not be cerumen that’s causing hour or so, to see if that helps.”
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 23
NEWS FROM THE
BY SA M A N T H A R I D E O U T
A DA M VO O R H E S ; ( P R O P ST Y L I ST ) R O B I N F I N L AY
mindful of the present moment, by a 2018 study of almost 260,000 U.K.
motivating them to exercise (going patients’ records from the past decade
for a walk to get a shot), by giving suggests that certain antibiotics may
them opportunities to interact with be partly to blame. After controlling
others who shared their interests and for other variables, people who took
by creating a storehouse of memories. sulphas, cephalosporins, fluoroquino-
lones, nitrofurantoin, methenamine
Getting Active After a Heart or broad-spectrum penicillins had a
Attack Halves Mortality Risk greater chance of developing kidney
Everybody knows that people who stones within a year. The risk increase
exercise regularly are less likely to have ranged from 27 per cent to more
a heart attack, but what’s the impact of than 100 per cent, depending on the
getting active after one occurs? To find drug class.
out, Swedish health scientists ana-
lyzed data from more than 22,000
heart-attack patients. Compared to
those who were inactive, those who
started or continued an exercise
habit were over 50 per cent less likely
to die over the next four years. All
24 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM MAY SLOW DOWN BUT YOU DON’T HAVE TO.
NOW
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IN ONTA D
FOR 65RIO
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FLUZONE® High-Dose is a vaccine used to prevent inluenza in adults 65 years of age and older. Inluenza (or lu) is an infection caused by the inluenza virus. Annual vaccination using the
current vaccine is recommended for prevention against inluenza as immunity declines in the year following vaccination. Persons with a history of severe allergic reaction to eggs or egg
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those that are closely related. FLUZONE® High-Dose will not protect against any other strains of inluenza virus. FLUZONE® High-Dose is not indicated for the prevention of hospitalization
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pain at the injection site and muscle ache. Contact your healthcare provider to see if this vaccine is right for you. For more information, visit www.sanofipasteur.ca.
What’s Wrong
With Me?
BY L IS A B E N DA L L
I LL U S T R A T I O N B Y V I CTO R WO NG
26 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
READER’S DIGEST
28 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
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PERSONALHEALTHNEWS.CA A SPECIAL INTEREST SECTION BY MEDIAPLANET
BIOLOGICS, BIOSIMILARS,
& INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS
WHAT IS INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS (IA)?
IA is a group of conditions wherein
the body attacks healthy tissues,
particularly around the joint, causing
6,000,000
inflammation. Inflammation can Canadians live with arthritis
also cause stifness and, if left
untreated, can lead to significant, By 2035, 1 in 4 Canadians
irreparable damage. IA can also will have arthritis
cause inflammation in the lungs,
eyes, heart, and arteries. This can
lead to cardiovascular disease,
chronic pneumonia, vision loss,
and/or premature death.
BOTH BIOLOGICS AND
BIOSIMILARS TREAT:
Rheumatoid Ankylosing
arthritis spondylitis
WHAT ARE BIOLOGICS? WHAT ARE BIOSIMILARS?
Biologics are treatments Biosimilars are treatments
derived from living cells made after a biologic’s patent
that target a specific expires. Any diferences
molecule. They are not between a biosimilar and its
made from synthetic reference biologic drug do
Psoriatic Juvenile
chemicals. not result in diferences arthritis arthritis
in safety or efficacy.
Overall, biosimilars
Health Canada’s rigorous approval process ofer more choice
means that patients can have the same for people living with
confidence in the quality, safety, and eicacy IA. The first step to
of a biosimilar as any other biologic drug. discussing whether
Structural, functional, and human clinical a biologic or biosimilar is the
studies must demonstrate that there are no right course of treatment starts
clinically-meaningful differences. with a conversation with your
rheumatologist.
Source: Health Canada, CAPA
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I L L U S T R A T I O N S B Y J O SH HO L I NATY
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 41
READER’S DIGEST
When you have a big You regularly worry You go about your
meeting at the office, about everything from day without consist-
you get so worked up forgetting to take your ently thinking ahead,
that you often have medication to meeting but you still get
trouble sleeping or you deadlines to being late nervous when a key
might even call in sick. for a date—but that event comes along.
When something’s will drive you to set When you do think
uncertain in your life, reminders for yourself about the future, you
you usually jump to a and be proactive usually believe it
worst-case scenario.* about your to-do list. will turn out okay.
SE CH
C CA ILL
ED
I
RON OU
CH T
*When your worries are interfering with your life, it’s time to talk to your health-care provider.
42 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Stress involves your reaction to rate. Worry can, however, trigger
pressures placed on you. You feel anxiety when your mind perceives
spread thin or are overwhelmed imagined “what ifs” as real threats.
because life is demanding too much While worry, stress and anxiety are
of your limited time, energy or some normal, intense and frequent anxiety
other personal resource. While wor- can become a problem. You might
ries are thoughts, stress is a feeling. have an anxiety disorder if, for
Anxiety is your mental and phys- instance, you have recurring sleep
iological response to a perceived issues or you’re skipping out on your
threat. It’s like the body’s smoke customary activities. Excessive anx-
detector—it senses danger and sig- iety can be focused on a fear of
nals your body to rev up to deal with something specific, like social gath-
it. While worry takes place only in erings (known as social anxiety)
the mind, anxiety can have physical or a host of experiences (known as
effects, like speeding up your heart generalized anxiety disorder).
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 43
READER’S DIGEST
44 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
moment, reducing that anxiety of down your mind and help you feel
what’s to come so you can be more more in control. Here’s how:
present with what’s happening now. Inhale for a count of four, hold for
Do these principles help when four seconds, then exhale for four
you’re not meditating? and hold again for four seconds before
Mindfulness isn’t just about what starting again. Repeat this for two
happens during the meditation—it’s minutes, working your way up to
about how it translates to the rest of longer spans of time as needed.
your life. So if you’re in a situation
where you get frustrated, you have
the ability to stop and centre your-
self by slowing your brain down
and by not reacting. When you’re
being mindful, you’re taking time
away from your to-do list and the
worry and the bustle so that when
you come back to those things, you’ve
created space for yourself. It’s like
closing all the tabs in your Internet
browser. When you reopen, you’re
running a little faster and you’re Worry Dreams Decoded
more connected to yourself. Sometimes our concerns keep us
How should one get started? up at night, but other times they
Meditation isn’t something you do come through in our dreams. “Worry
once and then feel a tremendous dreams usually show us images from
change in your life. It takes consist- the psyche in an effort to help us,”
ency and commitment. I recom- says Ursula Carsen, a Toronto-based
mend that people begin with a few registered psychotherapist who spe-
minutes at the same time every day. cializes in dreams.
Also, joining a local group can help She explains that many dreams
you face potential challenges as you are trying to tell us to stop and take
practise more frequently. a break from something that’s over-
whelming us. A classic example is
when someone dreams that their teeth
Exhale Your Worries are falling out. “They’re probably
When you’re overwhelmed, Thring biting off more than they can chew,”
recommends a simple breathing explains Carsen. Other worry dreams
exercise called box breathing to slow include running after a train that’s
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 45
READER’S DIGEST
Is Worry Contagious?
Though it’s healthy to share worries
with others, when you’re surrounded
by friends who fret, you might notice
yourself feeling more anxious. A 2014
German study found that even wit-
The Importance of nessing someone else in a stressful
Getting It All Out situation can cause your own levels of
Telling a friend or family member the stress hormone cortisol to spike.
what’s worrying you, or even saying Buhr says there’s no need to avoid
it aloud to yourself or writing it those influences. “But you want to be
down, can allow you to gain some aware of how certain people affect
perspective. “It’s a little easier to you and how that gets you thinking,”
46 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
she adds. “Find balance by also seek- became even more overwhelming, I
ing out people who have healthy per- started thinking about our Australian
spectives.” Worry might be conta- guest and her meditation. Coinci-
gious, but a positive outlook could dentally, she sent me a message out
be infectious, too. of the blue and asked if I’d ended up
trying it. She recommended a local
teacher, and I signed up for a week-
Finding Zen: A Former end course, where I was given a
Worrywart Speaks Out mantra and practised meditating
BY ALEXIS CLARFIELD-HENRY in a group setting.
AS TOLD TO JILL BUCHNER It took a while to see the effects.
In my first meditation, time dragged
FIVE YEARS AGO, I was 30 years old, on as I repeated my mantra. When I
living in London, England, and work- opened my eyes, the instructor asked
ing in advertising. My job required how I felt, but I didn’t notice any
long hours, and my co-workers often change. I stuck with it, practising daily,
told me that I looked stressed out. 20 minutes in the morning and again
I was in my head a lot, ruminating in the evening. And a few months later,
over conversations, wishing I’d said when I visited my family and friends
something differently and wondering back in Canada, they commented
what others thought of me. on how much calmer I was.
It was a complete stranger who Today I’m living in Toronto, work-
inspired me to change. A visitor from ing in tech and still meditating twice
Australia came to stay with my a day. I’ve made other healthy
roommate for a couple of changes, like drinking less
weeks. She had this amaz- alcohol and working out a few
ingly calm energy. I asked times a week. Now time flies
CO URT E SY O F A L E X I S C L A R FI E LD - HE NRY
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 47
READER’S DIGEST
50 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Grandma as the nice mother in “The burnt-pumpkin colours behind.
Monkey’s Paw,” paintings of my dad as “Pumpkins, if they had any brains,
Edgar Allan Poe, some fine grisly ren- would hide tonight!” said I.
derings of my brother as hunch-backed “Yeah,” said Skip. “Here comes the
Quasimodo, and myself playing my Smiler with the Knife!” I beamed, feel-
own xylophone skeleton as Dr. Death. ing my Boy Scout knife in my pocket.
After that came Costume Cutting We reached our uncles’ farms and
Night, Mask Painting Night, Cider Mak- went out to dance around the corn
ing Night, Candle Dipping and Taffy shocks and grab great armfuls and
Pulling Night, and Phonograph Playing wrestle them like dry ghosts back to
Night, when we picked the spookiest the rumble seat. Then we went back
music. Halloween, you see, didn’t just to get the harvest-moon pumpkins.
stroll into our yards. It had to be seized They burrowed in the grass, but they
and shaped and made to happen! could not escape the Smiler and his
My grandparents’ home, then, was friends. Then home, with the corn-
a cauldron to which we might bring stalks waving their arms wildly in the
hickory sticks that looked like witches’ wind behind us. Home past real grave-
broken arms and leaves from the fam- yards with real cold people in them,
ily graveyard out where the banshee your brother and sister, and you think-
trains ran by at night filling the air ing of them and knowing the true,
with bereavements. To their house, deep sense of Halloween.
upstairs and down, must be fetched
corn shocks from fields just beyond
the burying tombs, and pumpkins. Preparation was
And from Woolworths, orange-black 70 per cent of the
crepe serpentines and bags of black mad game—more
confetti that you tossed on the wind, enchanting than the
yelling, “A witch just sneezed!’’
stampede itself.
OCTOBER 29 AND 30 were almost as
great as October 31, for those were the The whole house had to be done
late afternoons, the cool, spicy dusks over in a few short, wild hours. Then,
when Neva and Skip and I went out for everything set and placed and ready,
the final procuring. you run out late from house to house
“Watch out, pumpkins!” to make certain that the ghosts and
I stood by the Model A as the witches will be there tomorrow night.
sun furnaced the western sky and Your gorilla fangs in your mouth, your
vanished, leaving spilled-blood and winged cape flapping, you come home
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 51
READER’S DIGEST
and stand in front of your grandpar- and then down like that same moon.
ents’ house and look at how great and And then it was over. I stood in the
spooky it has become, because your middle of my grandma’s living room
sappy aunt and your loony brother and wept.
and you yourself have magicked it Later, I went to bed. “Darn,” I said in
over, doused the lights and lit all the the middle of the night.
disembowelled pumpkins. You sneak “Darn what?” asked my brother,
up onto the porch, tiptoe down the awake in bed beside me.
hall, peer into the dim parlour and “A whole darn year until Halloween
whisper: “Boo.” again. What if I died, waiting?”
And that’s it. “Then,” said my brother, after a long
silence, “you’ll be Halloween. Dead
OH, SURE, HALLOWEEN ARRIVED. people are Halloween.”
Sure, the next night was wild and “Hey,” said I, “I never thought of that.”
lovely and fine. Apples swung in door- I thought: 365 days from now.
ways to be nibbled by two dozen Gimme a pad, some paper. Neva, rev up
hungry-mice children. that Model A! Skip, hunch your back!
But the party was almost unimport- Farmyards, grow pumpkins! Grave-
ant, wasn’t it? Preparation was 70 per yards, shiver your stones! Moon, rise!
cent of the mad game. As with most Wind, hit the trees, blow up the leaves!
holidays, the getting set was sweeter, Up, now, run! Tricks! Treats! Gangway!
sadder, more enchanting than the And a small boy in midnight Illinois,
stampede itself. suddenly glad to be alive, felt snail-
That Halloween of 1928 came like tracks of his tears…a smile. And then
the rusted moon up in the sky—sailing, he slept.
let’s DANCE.
L I N - M A N U E L M I R A N D A , c o m p o se r a n d p l a y wr i g h t
52 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Laughter
THE BEST MEDICINE
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 53
MEMOIR
TWO SISTERS,
TWO CANCERS,
TWO V ERY
DIFFERENT
TREATMENTS
BY C AT H E R I N E G O R D O N F R O M T H E U N I T E D C H U R C H O B S E RV E R
I L LU ST R AT I O N BY M E R E D I T H SA D L E R
54 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
READER’S DIGEST
ONE SUNNY SATURDAY morning two she lives with her husband, John, in a
years ago, my phone rang as I was small town outside Los Angeles. I live
walking out to my garden with my cof- in Toronto and have children in their
fee and paper. It was my big sister, 20s, a new husband, Jim, and I run a
Karen, from California. “You’re not communications business.
going to believe this,” she said. “I’ve My sister survived a brain tumour
just found out I have breast cancer.” when she was 37 and hasn’t worked
Unfortunately, I didn’t have any since. But we’re both healthy and rea-
trouble believing it. Not because of sonably active. I have never smoked,
the statistics: about 26,000 Canadian and Karen stopped a few years ago.
women and over 260,000 women in There’s no history of breast cancer in
the United States were diagnosed with our family, and we’ve both tested
breast cancer in 2017. Or because negative for mutations in BRCA1 and
Karen had already had cancer. The BRCA2 genes that produce tumour
news didn’t surprise me because I suppressor proteins.
have it, too. Every year, my doctor would give me
Two sisters, two countries, two can- a requisition for a mammogram, and
cers. On the surface, our experiences every year, I’d find it crumpled at the
were very similar: we both received bottom of my bag several months later.
excellent treatment, we had lots of sup- I was always too busy. I hadn’t had one
port, and we’re recovering well. But since my first at age 50.
there were some important differences. Things changed when I met Jim. I
was happier and taking better care of
MORE THAN HALF a million women myself, and so finally, at the age of 56,
around the world die of breast cancer I took the time to go for my scan. The
every year, yet nobody knows for sure test showed a bit of calcification, and
who will get it or why. Lots of envi- the radiologist thought it would be
ronmental and lifestyle factors have worth coming back for an ultrasound.
been associated with higher risk: how
much you exercise, what you eat, how IT TOOK THE ultrasound and a second
much you weigh, how much alcohol mammogram in early June 2015 to find
you consume and whether you two large masses in my right breast that
smoke or have had hormone replace- not even my doctor had been able to
ment therapy. But the two most signifi- feel. Together, the tumours were over
cant risk factors are simply being a six centimetres long. The technician
woman and getting older. brought in a radiologist, who explained
Karen is 64, four years older than that she was going to perform a biopsy
me. Her three children are grown, and on the spot. A few days later, I got the
56 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
call. It felt exactly like you’d expect— KAREN’S EXPERIENCE was different
everything changed in an instant. in many ways. She was always more
Several weeks later, an MRI revealed careful than I was. She’d been told she
that the cancer was likely moving into had dense breasts, so she went to a
my lymphatic system. My surgeon rec- clinic every year for an ultrasound-
ommended a single mastectomy with guided mammogram. Her latest test
a biopsy of my lymph nodes to see in March 2016 had come back clear,
how far the cancer had spread, fol- but when she let the clinic know
lowed by chemo and radiation. Sur- about my diagnosis, they asked her
gery was set for July 15. to come in for another mammogram,
The procedure went off without a this time guided by MRI (magnetic
hitch, and I recovered pretty quickly. resonance imaging). On May 11,
About a month later, I was on the train they found a two-centimetre lump
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 57
READER’S DIGEST
my legs swelled near the end, and my to negotiate with suppliers and the
nails were discoloured and sensitive. insurance company—all while you’re
But I didn’t have mouth sores, and I in crisis mode—is a real hardship,”
never lost my appetite.” We both had said Karen, who found the process
25 rounds of radiation, which was easy physically and emotionally exhaust-
compared to the chemo. ing. “I have to question everything, or
I end up paying more than I owe. Can
DURING KAREN’S treatment, I found you imagine if you don’t speak English
myself playing the role of big sister. We well? Or if you are totally incapacitated
talked on the phone a lot. I read her by your illness and don’t have help?”
medical reports and told her what to ask Astonishingly, Karen’s insurance
the doctors. We decided I would visit report shows that the gross amount
her when John was away on business, billed to the company was just over
just before her fourth chemo treatment. US$450,000. Compare that to $46,893,
One morning, she pulled out a the mean cost for two years of treat-
folder with her medical bills. As I ment for stage II cancer in Ontario
58 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
between 2005 and 2009, which is cov- which is just part of the process. And
ered by health care. that’s not the end of it. We’re both now
Karen’s insurance company negoti- taking Tamoxifen, a drug that blocks
ated this $450,000 bill down to just estrogen action in breast cells, which
under $150,000, and she ended up should reduce the risk of the cancer
owing roughly $16,000 in deductibles coming back by 75 to 80 per cent.
($14,500 for medical costs and $1,500 Comparing our experiences has
for prescriptions), plus two and a half reminded me of how lucky I am to be
years of premiums (roughly $7,500). living in Canada. Karen and I both
That puts the total out of pocket for her received great medical care, but Can-
cancer treatment at around $23,000. ada’s health-care system is simply
And that’s with health insurance. more humane. I have access to excel-
lent treatment whenever I need it and
IT’S BEEN OVER TWO years now since I can focus on getting better instead of
finished my treatments, and I’m feeling worrying about huge bills or fighting
great. My hair has grown in, my energy with service providers. The Canada
is back, and all my scans are clear. Karen Health Act says this is what every resi-
completed her treatments about a year dent is entitled to, and it’s one of the
and a half ago and is still struggling with things that make our country such a
lack of energy and some depression, wonderful place to be.
© 2017, CATHERINE GORDON. FROM THE UNITED CHURCH OBSERVER (OCTOBER 2017), UCOBSERVER.ORG
FELINE FACTS
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 59
FAMILY
BY D E B R A M C G R AT H
P H OTO G R A P H S BY R A I N A + W I L S O N
60 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Author Debra McGrath
at home in Toronto
with her husband,
Colin Mochrie, and
their daughter, Kinley.
READER’S DIGEST
am a trans woman. I would I will support you 100 per cent, and it’s
like she/her pronouns and wonderful and I’m not super surprised
my name is Hannah.” and you are such a wonderful person
This is the sentence my and we really don’t care what you do
son blurted out to me over with your life as long as—”
the phone three years ago. Dear God, I had to find a way to shut
Despite its bluntness, the up. I was exhausting myself.
statement wasn’t callous or I’m what I call an emotional first
even ill-timed. Truth be told, I had responder—when a loved one is
forced the declaration. My child had sharing something difficult or com-
called with something important to plex, I put on my support cape and
say and wanted to talk to my husband, swoop in to distribute accolades and
Colin, and me at the same time, but platitudes willy-nilly. Breathe, I urged
Colin was out of town. Given that I myself. Breathe.
possess a not-insignificant panic strain “So, um, why ‘Hannah’?” I heard
in my genetic makeup, I found myself, myself ask.
well, panicking. Was my child injured? There it was. Apparently my take-
Ill? Dying? away from this huge moment in my
I conjured the thin thread of author- child’s life was a name. “Hannah”
ity I had over my then 25-year-old and seemed to be my issue. Shallow waters
said, “No, you have to tell me now!” run deep.
“I would rather wait,” was the meas- She responded to my question in a
ured response. very calm manner.
I could feel all the saliva I possessed “Mom, you know how much I loved
leaving my body for damper pastures. Cheryl’s dog.”
I couldn’t have this matter hanging, “You are naming yourself after Han-
so I pushed and pleaded, cajoled and nah the dog? Really?”
begged. It was a shameless display— “I thought the name was soft and
clearly, I wasn’t above that. pretty, and I needed my name to be
After more back-and-forthing, out it soft and pretty. Does that make sense?”
came: “I am a trans woman. I would Of course it made sense. My heart
like she/her pronouns, and my name ached with shame. I was officially a
is Hannah.” bad person.
I paused to take in the situation— Because it had been a few moments
or at least lie to myself that I was tak- since I’d launched into a breakneck
ing it in. Then, relentlessly upbeat, I run-on sentence, I said, “Well, if you
exclaimed: “I’m so happy for you, very love the name Hannah, I love the name
happy. You know that your father and Hannah, and I am sure your father will
62 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
love it, and I am so glad it makes you After really analyzing my reaction
feel beautiful, because you are beauti- and my feelings, it came down to one
ful, inside and out, and I support this thing. I was fine with my child’s transi-
choice wholeheartedly, honey. It’s your tion. I wasn’t invested in her gender, just
life and you are old enough to make her humanity. But there was so much
your own choices and—” fear: fear for her safety, fear for how the
At this point I was desperately hop- world might treat her, fear for her heart.
ing someone would hand me a pill. The two following nights were
Hannah stopped my runaway train fraught with nightmares. I dreamed our
of thought by cutting in: “Thanks, son was lost. Our son was dead. We
Mom. I love you so much and I knew never had a son. I gave birth, but when
you would support me. Why don’t I I looked for my son, they told me at the
come over the day Dad gets home hospital that I was mistaken and had
and we can have dinner and spend simply had my appendix removed. Our
time talking?” son had joined a tiny-house cult and
“Of course, yes, um, Hannah. We was never heard from again.
can do that. That would be great. What Once I woke up, I was a zombie, the
a wonderful idea, um, Hannah.” despair of those horrible dreams cling-
Mercifully, she wrapped up the con- ing to me like possessed dryer sheets.
versation with “great, love you, bye” I had made peace with our child’s
and hung up before I could respond. news and had no issues with the con-
cept of her transition, but I was still
I SPENT THE NEXT few hours pacing mourning the loss of our son. I didn’t
up and down the stairs of our Toronto get a chance to say goodbye.
home, our two cairn terriers at my She is a woman. As much as I thought
heels. As I attempted to sort out why I I was prepared for that, I guess I wasn’t.
was upset, the dogs kept their gaze I had to remind myself that this
trained on me: Walk? Are we going shouldn’t have been a huge shock. A
for a walk? Walk?! few years before our daughter came
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 63
READER’S DIGEST
out to us as trans, she had broken up pronouns. I was busy “she”-ing and
with her girlfriend of four years. She “her”-ing it up with zeal, but every
told us she was bisexual and wanted to time I said “Hannah,” the name came
explore that. Then she began, as she out garbled, like I was drunk and
put it, “experimenting with my femin- wearing my night guard.
ine side.” After almost a year of seeing At some point, we heard a key turn
her integrate more traditionally femin- in the front door, and in she walked. To
ine looks into her wardrobe, we my elation, no one was lost or missing.
became used to this new bi, fluid, They were all here in the hall: the hes,
femme, butch, male/female person. the shes and the thems, in one beauti-
LGBTQ+ wasn’t all-encompassing ful package. No one had left us. The
enough. It’s like she was rocking the same human we first met 25 years
whole alphabet with her identity. earlier was standing right in front of us.
And then she landed. We all started to cry. (Thank God it
THE DAY AFTER Hannah’s call, her was all of us—I was tired of being the
dad came home. He was fine—no loopy one.)
anxiety, no nightmares, just a loving We moved into our sunroom, wine
parent in a relaxed state of accept- in hand, to chat. The three of us
ance. Show-off! As a result of my con- talked all the talks there were to talk,
stant anxiety, I resembled an 80-year- and Colin and I asked all the ques-
old with dirty hair who had lived tions we could think of. Over the
hard. Having no control over much course of an afternoon that can best
else, I opted to shower. An all-around be described as an acronym-o-rama,
good choice. we listened and learned. We so
The following afternoon, we were in wanted to respect and understand
the kitchen making pasta primavera— what she was going through. We
our daughter’s favourite meal—as we could see that she was exploring, too,
waited for her to arrive. We were also taking time to listen to her heart and
spending the time diligently practising her mind.
64 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
At some point, the conversation After copious research, Colin and I
moved into more familiar topics: her presented our daughter with 40 names.
work and social life, Japanese films. It She decided on Kinley, from the Irish
was as if nothing had changed. And side. Kin for short. It fits her. It belongs
nothing had, really. It had always been to her.
the three of us, our tight little unit, and What is more difficult is figuring out
today was no different. We ate her how to move through the world such as
favourite meal and then our lovely it is. One day a year or so ago, Kinley
daughter went home to her apartment. and I were at a local fair. As we passed
Since that day, we have sometimes by a woman and her twentysomething
slipped up on pronouns, and she has daughter, they shot a look of such hate
always patiently, gently corrected us. and disgust that it left me breathless.
We’ve gone out in public, and people The object of their ire was Kinley. The
have been mostly supportive, but there daughter, mouth agape, had exclaimed,
have been looks. Stares. Our daughter “There’s a transvestite!” and the
says she’s often fine with that—people mother then wheeled around to spew,
are just trying to figure her out. “Where is it?”
She’s a more generous soul than me. “It.”
She said “it.” I was gutted.
AS TIME PASSED, I realized that I was The younger woman circled my
somehow still stuck on the name. daughter, looking her up and down.
“Hannah” was lovely, yes, but not We were stunned, frozen in place. As
nearly unique or powerful enough for she walked away, I stumbled over to
my girl. But I knew I had to let it go. her on legs suddenly made of rubber.
Then, in a surprise turn of events, Circling her the same way she had
our daughter told us that many trans circled Kinley, I looked her up and
people come out using a name they down, then moved close to her face,
don’t end up keeping. She said she had uttered “uh-huh” and stalked away.
been thinking about it and she wanted In an attempt to recover, I said to
a new name and would love for us to Kinley, “This must make you so angry.”
be part of that process. She asked us to Her reply: “Mom, I can’t afford to be
pitch names from our Scottish and angry. I just get frightened.”
Irish backgrounds. I was elated and set Frightened for just living her life.
to the task as soon as she was out of our Frightened for existing.
sight. What a glorious privilege to get I came home and, weeping, told
to help name her! I know it sounds Colin what had taken place. But after
silly, but it was like she was being born thinking about it, I realized that my
all over again. reaction, although possibly warranted,
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READER’S DIGEST
was also aggressive. That didn’t sit Instead, I get to focus on Kinley,
well with me. my lovely, brave, poised, bright
So I had cards made up. If things got daughter. I have a daughter! There
ugly again, I would hand out a simple should be a newer, more powerful
statement, embellished on one side word for pride. As for our family, life
with a lovely pink flower, that reads: as a trio continues as before, filled
“My daughter is a trans woman. She is with old favourites (like watching
a loving and kind human being. Please movies) and new experiences (like
join me in supporting her and every buying bras).
person who is trying to live their A little while ago, Kinley and I were
authentic life. Peace and love.” out shopping for clothes. As we exited
I remember the day the package our separate cubicles in the change
arrived in the mail. Colin laughed as I room, we realized, laughing, that we
opened the box of 250 cards. “Wow, had tried on the exact same dress.
you’re expecting trouble!” he told me. I ended up buying one dress for me
What can I say? There was a special if and treating Kinley to hers. At least
you ordered in bulk. that way I know she won’t be raiding
I am happy to say that I have not my closet—because that’s what
handed out a single card. daughters do.
66 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Work
LEAVES A BAD TASTE
reddit.com
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 67
DRAMA IN REAL LIFE
The sugar-cane
paddock was quiet as
Barry Lynch’s scream
pierced the air. The
farmer was pinned to
the earth by a 10-ton
trailer and kilometres
away from help.
BY H E L E N S I G N Y
68 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
READER’S DIGEST
70 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
soil as he worked the paddocks. He was hanging lopsided and broken, leav-
was well-known for his determination ing the trailer—now on flat ground—in
and dedication to the job—for never a nosedive.
resting until the work was done. One end of the drawbar was bolted
This morning he had set out at to the underside of the tractor, under-
5 a.m. from his home in the small neath the gearbox. All Lynch needed to
town of Tully. Single since his divorce do was loosen the bolt to release it,
nearly 30 years earlier, Lynch lived on then he could repair the drawbar and
his own but spent time with his two get on with his day. He shifted the trac-
daughters and five grandchildren tor into reverse and backed it up, nudg-
whenever he could. Family has always ing the trailer backwards as he did so.
been important to him: Lynch was
one of six children himself, and he’d
been especially close to his father,
whose beloved multi-purpose pocket BARRY LYNCH
knife he’d inherited. The tool, with its TOSSED HIS PHONE ON
two blades, pliers, screwdriver and a THE SEAT OF
little saw, meant the world to the HIS TRUCK. THERE WAS
farmer. He was never without it. NO ONE AROUND
To access the crops, he needed to FOR KILOMETRES.
drive the tractor down a steep decline,
over a creek and up the other side. He
climbed into the cab, turned the key He quickly walked the 500 metres
and felt the tractor rumble to life. Then back to his pickup, irritation niggling in
he put it into gear and set off. the pit of his stomach—he wanted to
get the job done right. He grabbed his
CRUNCH. The tractor jerked and tool kit and a length of chain, took a
ground to a halt. As he clambered out swig of rapidly warming cola and tossed
of the cab to see what had happened, his mobile phone on the passenger seat
his phone fell out of his pocket. He to avoid dropping it a second time.
swore under his breath as he picked it There was no one around for kilo-
up, then quickly made his way behind metres. Lynch inspected the damage
the tractor. more closely. The drawbar of the tanker
As the vehicle had headed over the had dug into the earth, but the three-
ridge, the pressure on the metal draw- point hitch—another link between
bar linking the tractor to the trailer tractor and trailer—was still intact.
had snapped it. The hydraulic cables He wrapped the chain around it to lift
were still connected, but the drawbar the trailer off the ground, steadied
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READER’S DIGEST
the trailer wheels with wooden chocks I’ve got to get that boot off, Lynch
and jumped onto the tractor to move it screamed inside his head. He could feel
forward and give himself space to his foot swelling as he reached down
crawl underneath. Then he slithered and fumbled to rip off his footwear.
through on his left side to get to the I’m in trouble here, he thought. My
bolt in order to retrieve the broken phone’s in the pickup. No one will
piece of drawbar. realize I’m missing until tomorrow
It was hot and noisy underneath morning if I fail to show up for work.
the tractor as he stretched to man- Lynch tried yelling out but soon
oeuvre the wrench. He didn’t realize realized there wasn’t anyone to hear
it, but as he reached forward, his right him. And who would notice a tractor
knee pressed against one of the sitting in the middle of a cane paddock
wooden chocks. in Far North Queensland?
As pain and panic washed over
him, he reached for his packet of ciga-
rettes, lay back and lit up with trem-
THE PADDOCK bling hands.
WAS QUIET AS LYNCH’S Smoking calmed him a little. About
SCREAM PIERCED halfway through the cigarette, he real-
THE AIR. HE WAS PINNED ized he had two options: either he
TO THE EARTH WITH could try to amputate his own leg or
HIS LEG BENT. he could dig himself free. Lynch
reached for his knife. The trailer was
resting on a block of wood and
Suddenly, the chock gave way and wouldn’t shift any further. With the
nearly 10 tons of fully loaded tanker knife and his wrench, which was still
and fertilizer crashed down on the on the ground, maybe he could dig out
inside of Lynch’s leg. the earth from underneath his leg.
Lynch got to work. He pulled out the
THE PADDOCK WAS quiet as Lynch’s five-centimetre blade and started to
scream pierced the air. He was pinned chip away at the solid earth beneath
to the earth with his leg bent, the full his knee, hitting the knife with his
weight of the trailer on the inside of his wrench. The reddish soil of the track
knee, compressing it to half its natural was as hard as a tarred road, com-
size and cutting off the circulation. pacted from the weight of heavy
Below the knee, his calf and foot machinery over the years. By tapping
immediately started to swell with pool- vigorously on the little saw with the
ing blood. The pain was overwhelming. spanner, he could dig its entire length
72 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Barry Lynch stands atop a slight rise where the crossbar broke. It’s a miracle that the
ambulance was able to find him in this unpopulated area.
into the ground. Then he wriggled it He took off his cap and set it upside
from side to side, loosening the dirt down on the broken piece of drawbar,
before pulling it out and knocking it in where it could catch the drips. He
again a few millimetres away. After knew it wasn’t potable, but he was des-
many repetitions, a small chunk of road perate. Then he consumed what little
was loose enough for him to scrape moisture he could and carried on
away with his hands. chipping away.
Every 10 to 15 minutes he’d switch to By noon, the sun was directly over-
the other side of his leg and start there. head, beating down on Lynch’s chest
Sweat ran down Lynch’s forehead and legs. His mind wandered to his
and stung his eyes. The temperature family, and he wept. Am I really never
steadily rose toward 30 C as the morn- going to see them again? But then
ing wore on, with half of his body in he thought of his mother. He was
the direct sun and the other half in the damned if he was going to die here,
heat of the tractor. He had no water, today, on the anniversary of her death.
and he thirstily eyed the dripping I’m going to be there to lay those flow-
overflow from the tractor’s air condi- ers, he told himself. The goal gave him
tioning a couple of feet behind him. a little strength.
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READER’S DIGEST
Then anger welled up. I should have down his leg and felt that it, too, was
secured the trailer better, he thought. wet with blood. He realized with a jolt
The frustration was good—it gave that the skin of his leg had burst, leav-
him more adrenalin to keep going. ing a hole the size of a fist.
He pulled himself together and kept Am I going to bleed out? He reached
chipping at the earth. around his waist and slowly took the
belt from his pants. He tied it above the
SIX HOURS LATER, he still wasn’t free, wound as a tourniquet, and the flow of
and he was getting weaker. Not only blood slowed a little. But Lynch knew
does being crushed damage the part his time was limited. He started to dig
of the body that has taken the force, even harder.
but it can also lead to a lack of blood
to the muscles and tissues, which can THE AFTERNOON SHADOWS were
damage the nerves and lead to muscle growing longer as the trench under
death. The blood pooling in Lynch’s Lynch’s knee reached about 50 centi-
leg caused it to swell up. He was at risk metres wide and 10 centimetres deep.
of passing out. That’s when he first felt some move-
ment in his leg. He started to dig more
frantically. Yes, his knee could defi-
nitely move. He took a gamble, grabbed
LYNCH’S LEG hold of the three-point linkage arms of
WAS FOUR TIMES ITS the tractor and levered himself up.
NORMAL SIZE. Lynch pulled his leg, covered with
HE FELT LIKE IT a slick coat of blood and dirt, free.
WAS GOING Euphoria and relief swept over him.
TO EXPLODE. I’m going to make it to the memorial,
Lynch thought wildly as he crawled
out from underneath the tractor. He
By now, Lynch’s leg was four times pulled himself to standing, but as he
its normal size, turning black as it had put his weight on the injured leg, it
grown bigger. He could feel the skin snapped beneath him. He crumbled
cracking. It was as if his leg was going to the ground.
to explode. Damn it, I’ll just stab it Unknown to Lynch, being free
with the knife to relieve the pressure, meant he was in critical danger. Over
Lynch thought. But before he could multiple hours, the lack of circulation
summon the courage, he looked down to his leg had caused his cells to try to
at the ground and saw that it was survive without oxygen. They were
damp. He rubbed his hand up and generating a large amount of lactic
74 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
acid and leaking substances like Lynch was lying by his pickup, nearly
potassium and myoglobin into the unconscious. When, far in the distance,
surrounding tissues, which can ulti- the ambulance came into sight, the
mately be fatal. Now that the leg was farmer closed his eyes. The para-
free, these deadly poisons would be medic jumped out and knelt beside
carried around Lynch’s body, poten- him. “How are you, mate?” he asked.
tially causing life-threatening prob- “I’ve had a bit of trouble with my leg,”
lems to his kidneys, heart, liver or Lynch replied. As he saw the extent of
lungs. He needed medical attention. the damage to his leg, he blacked out.
Lynch’s pain was becoming unbear-
able. I’ve got to get to my phone, he THESE DAYS, Lynch still feels constant
told himself. He started to pull him- pain in his leg, but he’s glad to be alive.
self along on his backside, his useless He was in hospital for more than five
leg dragging. It took a full 10 minutes months and underwent 22 surgeries
for him to haul himself the 500 metres following the accident. A year later,
to his truck. he was finally able to lay the flowers
By the time he got there, he was for his mother’s memorial.
ready to faint. Lynch reached up to His beloved pocket knife sits in a
the driver’s seat and pulled himself glass cabinet in his house. It symbol-
up on his arm, took a swig of the izes the memory of his father and the
warm cola and grabbed his mobile. steadfast determination that allowed
He called emergency. Lynch to survive.
CLOSE TIES
Liking the same stuff is one thing, but hating the same
things? True friendship.
@THSISJENDOLL
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 75
DEPARTMENT OF WIT
76 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
of a solution: if on a certain day I flash Cheers
a particular pre-arranged “sign” to my Boston
server—perhaps in front of a new ★★
romantic partner or a new radio sta- CONS: Loud. Everybody shouts when
tion owner—employees could feel free people enter the bar. I don’t see how
to acknowledge/bother me. that man walking in is a novelty any-
I have resorted to this idea only after more, since it’s been the exact same
all other attempts to bring this to man- group of people in here every time I’ve
agement’s attention have led to no come. Don’t they have home lives?
tangible results and have, moreover, Sad, really.
led to a slight reduction in the amount PROS: Woody is so naive that he’ll
of foam atop my cappuccino on the trust me when I tell him how many
day of my suggestion, and atop several beers to charge me for at the end of
cappuccini since. the evening.
I do not feel comfortable leaving my Paul
full name. P.S. I’ve said more in this post than
Sincerely, I have in 10 years at the bar.
F. Crane
Monk’s Café
Central Perk New York
New York ★
★★★ I eavesdropped on the clientele here for
Seems like a lot of people have fun nine years. This one group—the whiny
here. I’m always hearing lots of laugh- bald guy, the bad-dancing woman with
ter, though I can’t really tell where it’s a wall of hair, the “funny” guy with the
coming from. It almost sounds as if it’s “observations” about the food, and the
pre-recorded? tall weirdo who has never once fully sat
I’m not a big fan of the clientele. still—talked non-stop, but I never heard
People don’t tip too well, either. Or, uh, them say anything of substance. In
so I’ve heard the employees say. Do the nine years! Not even a commentary
patrons not realize that baristas don’t on the news. I thought I’d hear one
make as much as, say, paleontologists? thing I could use in my stand-up, but
There’s this one group of six pals that nothing. I went back one last time, but
I’ve never even seen pay. Come to think the finale was the worst visit yet. Guess
of it, I’ve never seen them order. I’ll have to come up with my own jokes.
None of these negative comments Not that there’s anything wrong
apply to Rachel, obviously. with that.
Gunther Q. Kenny Bania
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 77
HEALTH
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 79
READER’S DIGEST
80 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
can have dangerous interactions with menopausal clients. She also runs a
medications. comprehensive women’s health certi-
“No alternative therapy has been fication for personal trainers called the
really successful in trials,” says Blake. Core Competence Specialist.
“But if there’s no harm and it works for “The main things women this age
you, that’s fine.” are coming to me about are weight
gain, specifically around the belly,
incontinence issues and feeling like
exercise just isn’t effective anymore.”
INACTIVITY Vopni says the first issue she often
DURING MENOPAUSE addresses with women is the health of
CAN COMPOUND THE their pelvic floor.
PHYSICAL ISSUES THAT “A common problem is that they
OFTEN COME WITH want to exercise but they’re leaking or
THE TERRITORY. they have pelvic prolapse. The hor-
mones are affecting the tissue elasticity
in their vagina and their bladder, and
This is also a critical moment to that’s influencing exercise choices,”
re-examine your health with your prac- says Vopni. “They still need to move;
titioner. For one thing, menopausal they just may need to move differently.”
women have different nutritional needs Vopni always recommends that cli-
than they did in their younger years. In ents see a pelvic-floor physiotherapist
addition to eating a balanced diet that’s and is an evangelist for “hypopressive”
low in sugar and high in veggies, they exercises, which strengthen your invol-
should be pumping up their calcium, untary “inner core unit”—meaning the
Vitamin D, B12 and protein intake. up-in-your-business core, not your abs.
Hypopressives are a series of simple
What You Should Discuss postures combined with breath holds
With Your Personal Trainer that take 10 to 20 minutes in total.
Don’t have a trainer? Now might be a “You won’t walk away with a six-pack,”
great time to get one. Inactivity dur- says Vopni, “but hypopressives are the
ing menopause can compound the most effective in terms of correcting
physical issues that often come with posture, reducing the circumference
the territory, such as weight gain and of the abdomen and toning the abdo-
an increased risk of osteoporosis and men, and addressing symptoms of
bone fractures. prolapse and incontinence.”
Kim Vopni, a personal trainer based Vopni also often encourages her cli-
in Vancouver, works with numerous ents to incorporate stress-reduction
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 81
READER’S DIGEST
activities like gentle yoga and a medi- bone-strengthening aspect to help pre-
tation practice to help combat weight vent osteoporosis.”
gain around the abdomen, which has Vopni points out that high-intensity
been linked to higher rates of cardio- regimes like boot camp or CrossFit,
vascular disease and dementia. which involve a lot of jumping and
“One of the biggest things you can do running, often don’t work for meno-
to lose belly fat is decrease stress,” says pausal women because of incontin-
Vopni. “Many menopausal women are ence, pelvic prolapse or back pain. But
carrying a large ‘life load’—they may there are lots of low-impact ways to get
still have kids at home, they could be your heart rate up that incorporate
dealing with aging parents, and they’re hand weights, exercise bands and full-
often working full-time. There’s no body movements, like squats.
break in that stress, so their cortisol is
constantly high. That increases their What You Should Discuss
blood sugar, which leads to sugar crav- With Your Partner
ings, and they’ll try to appease those “Menopause is like putting a woman’s
with not-great foods.” hormones in a blender and pressing
the ‘chop’ button,” says Andrew Sofin,
a Montreal-based couples therapist
and the president of the Canadian
“COUPLES DON’T Association for Marriage and Family
TALK ABOUT Therapy. “And a lot of times, the male
MENOPAUSE—IT’S partner has no clue what he’s seeing!”
SHROUDED IN SHAME Sofin’s practice focuses on intense
ABOUT AGING,” SAYS marital-therapy retreats, usually for
ANDREW SOFIN. heterosexual, married couples on the
brink of divorce. He says the first thing
to do when dealing with a couple where
From a movement perspective, the woman is in this age bracket is to
Vopni suggests short, intense workouts acknowledge menopause’s existence.
of about 30 minutes. Incorporating “Communication is the number-one
this kind of high-intensity interval issue. Couples don’t talk about meno-
training induces an after-burn, where pause because it’s shrouded in shame
your body is still torching calories even about aging,” says Sofin. “The mood
when it’s not exercising. swings, hot flashes, changes in levels of
“I highly recommend weights in sexual desire, dryness in the vagina
addition to cardio,” she says. “You want making sex painful—these are all going
to get that resistance training for the to have a huge impact on a marriage,
82 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
especially if the couple isn’t speaking What to Discuss
about it. Often the husbands have With Yourself
checked out because they think their Menopause is a big change and it’s dif-
wives just don’t like them anymore.” ferent for every woman. Understanding
While some of the challenges are what you’re dealing with, not being
due to the effects of menopause on the too hard on yourself and maintaining
woman’s moods, most of the couples healthy eating, exercise and sleep hab-
Sofin treats are dealing with issues its can go a long way in positively man-
around sexual intimacy. And it’s not aging the effects of menopause.
always the male partners who are get- Your attitude toward this stage of life
ting the “not tonight” treatment, he can also impact the way you experience
says. Some women’s libidos go into it. For instance, rather than seeing it
overdrive during menopause, and their just as the end of something, perhaps
husbands aren’t able to keep up, or consider looking at it as the beginning
aren’t interested in doing so. of something new.
According to Sofin, once you and “It’s like pulling the proverbial thread
your partner have established a basic from the sweater,” says Sofin. “Women
shared literacy in the “it’s not you, it’s start examining their lives, who they
the menopause” department, the next are, what they’re doing and what they
step is coming up with practical solu- want to do for their remaining years
tions to the challenges it can present. on the planet. It really triggers a whole
“Mostly it’s about realizing that you path of self-exploration.”
can change up your lovemaking,” says “This is something women have that
Sofin. “I’ve seen people who have a men don’t, and I think we’re fortun-
better sex life after menopause because ate,” says Blake. “It’s a hard marker—a
they become more open. But you can’t milestone to really take stock. I think
do any of that without talking.” it’s a great opportunity.”
MAKING A SCENE
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 83
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As Kids See It
“I’ve been trying to get to sleep, but the monster under my bed snores!”
86 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
I FINISHED EXPLAINING to my six-
year-old son, Elliott, what chores I
AND ONE FOR THE KIDS
expected him to finish, then asked,
“Are we on the same page?” He Q: What did one egg say to
responded, “Is it page 100?” Eager the other?
to get him on his way, I said “Sure.” A: You crack me up.
He looked at me and stated, “Mum, everythingmom.com
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 87
ENVIRONMENT
OUR INCONVENIENT
BY C H A R L E S W I L K I N S F R O M C A N A D I A N G E O G R A P H I C
88 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Toronto’s Commissioners
Street Transfer Station is one
of the sites that receives the
10,000 tonnes of trash
produced by the city’s
residents each week.
TRUTH
READER’S DIGEST
( P R E V I O U S S P R E A D) K E V I N VA N PA AS S E N / T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L / T H E C A N A D I A N P R E S S I M AG E S
the plant, high-tech machinery win- Buffalo. “My job,” he said an hour later,
nows steel cans from aluminum cans “is to make sure that every item of
and sorts glass, paper, cardboard, Sty- waste we collect—from kitchen scraps
rofoam and numerous other plastics. to Christmas trees to mattresses to
The mountains of separated detri- old carpeting and toilets—keeps
tus are then compressed into bales moving. If for any reason the stream
the size of pianos, and are shipped off begins to back up, the transfer stations
to buyers. Those buyers break them are full before you know it, the collec-
down and sell them to manufactur- tion trucks can’t unload and we’re in
ers, who make stuff with them again, big trouble fast.”
which are sold to consumers, who
eventually put them in recycle bins, IN A WORLD increasingly inclined
from which they are picked up by one toward “suicide by garbage,” as the
of the 800 curbside collection trucks late American novelist Jim Harrison
used by the city. Then the whole pro- once phrased it, Toronto might seem to
cess begins again. be a mere whistle stop on the track to
But all of this went kerflooey on that global self-destruction.
day two years ago, when the machin- “Toronto is deceptive,” says Myra
ery at Arrow Road failed to recognize Hird, who teaches at the Queen’s Uni-
and sort what police later described versity School of Environmental Stud-
as “a human body part.” Within min- ies in Kingston, Ont., where she is a
utes, the rumbling of the plant came specialist in waste issues. “It tends to
to a halt, and the site was summarily deal with its municipal waste so effi-
shut down for 24 hours. ciently that the average person doesn’t
For Derek Angove, the city’s director see how much of it there is, or where it
of solid waste management, the urgent goes. Out of sight, out of mind.”
90 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Any outsider granted a behind-the- not happening, with domestic waste
scenes peek at the city’s management throughout the country.”
of rubbish will be struck by its volume Beyond the city’s annual process-
and variety and cost—Toronto pays ing of 200,000 tonnes of recyclables,
more than $1 million a day to keep it all its residents produce garbage at a
moving—but what really hits hard is the rate of 10,000 tonnes a week. For
nightmarish relentlessness with which maximum efficiency, tractor-trailers,
the waste keeps coming. Despite what each bearing nearly 40 tonnes of
anyone might believe about our coun- compacted garbage, are meticulously
try’s oft-cited ecological values and its clocked out of Toronto so as to arrive
ambitions for the planet, Canada pro- at the city’s Green Lane landfill near
duces the second-highest amount of London, Ont., at a rate of one every
garbage per capita in the world, only 10 minutes.
slightly behind the United States. Just north of Highway 401, about
“We tend to think that if other coun- 200 kilometres west of Toronto, the
tries were more like Canada, the planet 130-hectare public landfill (Canada’s
could be saved,” says Hird. “But if every biggest) creates a distinct stench across
country was like Canada in terms of the surrounding countryside but is
all-out consumerism and waste, the otherwise barely discernible to anyone
planet would be even more messed who does not actively seek it out.
up than it is.” As one walks up the long ramp to
For example, the 720 kilograms per the lip of the landfill, and over the last
capita of waste produced annually by incline in the road, the valley beyond
every Canadian is over twice what is is a vision that can be mistaken for a
produced per capita in Japan. vast archaeological dig, one that has
“Containing our greatest concentra- unearthed a somehow familiar civiliz-
tion of people,” says Hird, “Toronto is ation. Or, more accurately, a view of
basically garbage central—and so a fair what remains of that civilization when
representation of what’s happening, or it bags up the leftovers from all of its
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 91
READER’S DIGEST
pillaging of the planet and tosses them institutions (IC&I), including restau-
into an 11-million-cubic-metre hole. rants, schools, malls, factories and office
Although rented birds of prey keep buildings, as well as construction and
gulls away, Green Lane, like all land- demolition sites. “On this stuff, we’re
fills, has a hellacious population of much more in the dark than we are on
microbes that eat away at the dump’s household garbage,” says Hird.
contents, producing methane gas, IC&I waste is collected not by muni-
a serious greenhouse offender, at a cipalities, which tend to run responsi-
rate of 96 cubic metres per minute ble programs, but by private waste
(enough to fill a two-car garage nearly haulers that, research has shown, divert
1,500 times a day). The gas is collected only 13 per cent of what they collect
by dozens of vertical and horizontal into recycling, while the rest goes into
wells and is burned off or “flared,” private landfills or incinerators. (The
although plans are proceeding to con- city diverts 52 per cent into recycling.)
struct a power plant that will convert “The unfortunate reality is that
the methane to usable energy. At diverting waste into recycling costs
Keele Valley, Toronto’s former landfill, money,” says Daniel Hoornweg, a one-
which was decommissioned 16 years time waste management advisor to the
ago, methane still pours from the bur- World Bank, and an associate profes-
ied trash, and fuels a plant providing sor of energy systems at the University
electricity to more than 20,000 homes. of Ontario Institute of Technology in
Oshawa. “The only thing the private
CANADA HAS ABOUT 2,400 active hauler cares about is disposing of trash
landfills (large and small, public and in the cheapest possible way. And the
private). Most of them stink; some leak municipalities are partly responsible
chemicals and heavy metals into the for this. Their attitude toward fac-
ground and water table; some are tories and businesses and institutions
prone to rats, some to fires; most cre- is, ‘We don’t care what happens to
ate unwelcome truck traffic and dust. your junk as long as we don’t have to
But even those things aren’t the worst collect it or see it.’”
of the inconvenient truths about Cana-
da’s garbage and waste management THE MORE DISTURBING news yet is
efforts. In Toronto, as in other cities, that Canada’s urban waste in its
residential refuse—all of the rubbish entirety—including IC&I—accounts for
discussed above, and recyclables— just a third of the country’s total waste.
makes up a little more than a third of “A much larger part of our refuse,” says
total urban waste. The other two thirds Hird, “comes from mines and agricul-
comes from industry, commerce and ture and the military.”
92 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
Only 13 per cent of waste from industry, commerce and institutions is recycled.
tailings from many mines have simply problem temporarily,” says Hird. “But
been left leaking their poisons into the all they’re really doing is passing it along
soil and water. “We’re talking chlorine, to future generations.”
dioxins, furans,” says Hird, “some of the Hird contends that agriculture in
most toxic substances in existence.” Canada is as guilty as mining of creat-
Asked why the government doesn’t ing and spreading waste, mainly sew-
force mine owners to comply with age containing nitrates, hormones and
remediation laws, Hird responds that medications that leach into the water
there are approximately 28,000 mine table and onward into lakes and rivers.
sites in Canada that have no owners— “Given the limited access to military
that have been abandoned by compa- documents,” she says, “we don’t know
nies that took all they could from a mine what waste the military is producing
and then declared bankruptcy or sim- just at the moment. But we’re gradu-
ply fled. Hird cites the Giant gold mine ally learning about what they left
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 93
READER’S DIGEST
behind, say, up on the DEW Line in of the residential waste it collects will
the Arctic”—old vehicles, housing have a use, a buyer, a life beyond the
units, batteries, infrastructure, fuel garbage bag or blue box.
containers, PCBs and various other With the goal of total reclamation,
highly toxic chemicals. the City of Toronto is making no plans
Hird says the reason we as a culture at the moment to acquire property for
focus so much on residential waste, as its next landfill, which typically it would
opposed to the larger picture, is that be doing now. Even the small city of
there’s far more data available about Whitehorse, where recycling is in its
household garbage. “And to a degree,” infancy, hopes to have a use for every
she says, “this suits our governments, trace of its solid waste by 2040.
as they probably prefer not to focus Hird notes that recycling in the form
on mines and nuclear or corporate of “urban mining” may reduce some
waste. It’s a lot easier to convince of the world’s existing waste. Citing
households to change their habits than Swedish research, she says that “there
to convince global corporations.” is as much valuable metal in defunct
infrastructure beneath our cities as
AMID WHAT COULD be called a gar- there is in many of the world’s mines,”
bage nightmare, it is difficult to imagine though she notes extracting it might
a future in which we no longer need risk releasing further contamination.
landfills. But in many municipal waste But while Hoornweg agrees that
departments, zero garbage has become recycling is a meaningful strategy for
a kind of scriptural mantra and ambi- reducing solid waste, he is adamant
tion: thou shalt not dump. that the ultimate cure for waste lies not
“Solid Waste—Our Hidden Treasure,” at the “back end,” in recycling, but in
proclaims a brochure recently pub- reducing “front end” consumerism.
lished by Toronto’s waste management “By the time waste gets recycled,” he
department. Its hope is that at some says, “95 per cent of the environmental
point, perhaps just 30 years away, all damage has already occurred—in
94 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
manufacturing, in oil extraction, in the that in spreading it, we’re inadver-
poisoning of our rivers and air.” tently burdening our children with a
Asked if there is an ultimate solu- huge amount of guilt and responsibil-
tion to proliferating waste, Hoornweg ity for the future of the world. We tell
pauses and says quietly, “People have them, ‘reduce, reuse, recycle,’ when we
to buy less.” The problem, he adds, is as adults recycle a bit, reuse occasion-
that “our economy is based on endless ally and reduce not at all. We just want
growth, endless production of what our to keep on consuming.”
landfills tell us is basically junk. The Hird pushes back when asked point
stuff wouldn’t be in them if it wasn’t blank if, in their agonizing over waste,
junk! I mean, nobody wants our econ- those who care are perhaps merely
omy to fail; we can’t tell the companies fretting over a situation that has already
that employ Canadians to just stop pro- gone too far.
ducing stuff, or the stores to stop sell- “I wouldn’t call myself an optimist,”
ing it. But then again, our economy is she responds. “But I do believe there’s
already failing us in the way it messes a future—mind you, a far more modest
up the planet in the service of all this one than the present. Climate change
crap. The cycle just keeps going: manu- alone is going to take care of that.”
facture, consume, discard.” And in response to a joke that
maybe an alien species will arrive and
“IN THE WASTE management field,” take us all to a splendid new planet,
says Hird, “there’s a repeating narra- Hird laughs.
tive: We don’t know how to conquer “I don’t think we’re going to be that
waste now, but eventually engineers lucky,” she says. “Maybe the aliens
and scientists, or perhaps sociologists, could just persuade everybody to
will figure everything out. One of my smarten up. So far, the scientists haven’t
biggest concerns about this fantasy is been able to persuade them.”
Why not just live in the moment, especially if it has a good beat?
GOLDIE HAWN
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 95
LIFE LESSON
IN THE AGE OF
ION,
MISINFORMAT
VA L UA TIN G SOURCES
E
N D G ETT ING RELIABLE
A
JOURNALISM IS
ANT
MORE IMPORT
THAN EVER
LDI
B Y LU C R I N A
MORAN
N BY K E V I N
I L LU ST R AT I O
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 97
READER’S DIGEST
IN NOVEMBER 2014, Yaman Abuibaid project. Before they were busted, the
and Daré Adebanjo, two computer- site was lucrative; it brought in more
savvy teenagers in St. Catharines, Ont., than $10,000 in advertising revenue in
were looking to make some fast money. October 2015 alone.
Amazed by how easily their friends had When Oxford Dictionaries pro-
fallen for a satirical news story about claimed “post-truth” to be 2016’s word
Kim Kardashian, they decided to of the year, they probably didn’t have
launch their own spoof site, “Hot enterprising high schoolers in mind.
Global News,” hoping the ad dollars But digital misinformation—whether
would roll in. At first, the project earned it’s mischievous kids or malicious
only modest pocket change, but a year political propaganda—is on the rise.
in the duo struck gold. Thankfully, when it comes to evaluat-
ing the news, there are some simple
ways to separate fact from fiction.
98 | 10 • 2018 | rd.ca
website, he suggests finding an “About” website; a link to Bloomberg.market
page for that info, then checking the led to a phony facsimile. If it’s not
home page for a pattern of outlandish posted directly from the source, con-
headlines. Googling the name of the sider who’s sharing it: is it from a well-
outlet will allow you to see if any third- informed relative, or a friend who
party sources, such as Wikipedia, reveal regularly opines extreme views? And
it as satire or misinformation. whatever you do, don’t just read the
Jessica Johnston of CIVIX Canada, a headline—according to research by
civic-engagement charity that recently Columbia University and the French
launched a news-literacy pilot project National Institute, about 59 per cent of
for students, says you can also factor in the links circulated on Twitter are never
an outlet’s history and audience size. opened, sometimes not even by the
For example, an unfamiliar webcast people who share them. Only by click-
with only 100 subscribers should be ing through can you detect whether
approached more cautiously than a that headline is accurate and current.
20-year-old television station with mil-
lions of viewers.
As it happens, Canadians have been
putting more stock in legacy news out- “EVERY SINGLE
lets again, likely as a reaction to the PERSON IS STRUGGLING
proliferation of fake stories; research WITH THIS CONFUSING,
by the global communications firm CHAOTIC MEDIA
Edelman shows that 61 per cent of ENVIRONMENT,” SAYS
those surveyed trust traditional jour- CRAIG SILVERMAN.
nalism, up 10 points from last year.
rd.ca | 10 • 2018 | 99
READER’S DIGEST
spot a bogus picture is to use Google’s often seek to trigger shock, outrage or
reverse-image search function, which intense joy. “We know that when you
will reveal exactly where (and when) feel something, it makes you want to
it originated. share it. That’s a human impulse.” Her
If none of the strategies above helps suggestion: “If you get an excited urge
you to verify a news story, Pennycook to share something immediately, that
recommends searching for it at online is exactly the time you should stop and
resources like Snopes, Politifact and ask, ‘Is this accurate?’”
FactCheck.org. “A lot of the time, fake If you see a friend or relative sharing
stories have already been fact-checked misinformation, Silverman recom-
by somebody.” mends speaking to them offline in a
non-confrontational way. “Calling
BE PART OF THE someone out in a Facebook thread is
SOLUTION not going to change their behaviour,”
Fake news is designed to go viral in he says. “It will completely backfire.”
order to get clicks, sell ads or propa- Instead of admonishing or ridiculing
gate an ideology. By virtue of being them, he says, be sympathetic. “Every
untrue, such stories have no limits in single person—no matter your age,
achieving that goal—they can be as intelligence level, political beliefs or
bizarre and inflammatory as they like. where you live—is struggling with
Some reports following the Toronto this new, confusing, chaotic media
van attack in April, for instance, incor- environment. People shouldn’t feel
rectly identified the driver as a jihadist. ashamed if they fall for something
“These items play on emotion, using fake,” he says. “But if we all take that
language that’s very loaded,” says extra little pause, we’ll be able to stop
Johnston, adding that fake stories this false stuff from spreading.”
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BY J. B . M AC K I N N O N
F R O M H A KA I
of black fur that framed his face. Per- resource conservation officers, who
haps sensing the lurking human pres- are members of the park’s conserva-
ence, he ducked back into the forest, tion staff, were keeping a grim watch.
just like any normal wolf should. At last the black-faced wolf reap-
An afternoon passed, probably the peared. By then it was dusk, the sun
quietest that Flo Bay, as the locals call declining toward the broken tip of
it, had witnessed in a long time. It was Quisitis Point to the northwest. The
attempt to recolonize the island. Again There were other pressures, too.
and again, they were killed off. Only in Pacific Rim park, founded in 1970,
the 1970s did they begin to survive awakened the world to the rugged,
long enough to reclaim the territory. mist-breathing beauty of Vancouver
Vancouver Island’s wolves are a vari- Island’s temperate rainforests. Today,
ety of grey wolf known as coastal wolves the island is spangled with protected
or sea wolves. Smaller than most grey areas busy with fishers, kayakers,
wolves, they have shorter, coarser coats beachcombers and surfers.
that often have reddish or golden tones At the same time, logging compa-
as well as shades of white, black and nies were rapidly felling unprotected
grey. In other places, gray wolves hunt old-growth forests. Each cleared area
mainly ungulates such as moose, elk offered 15 to 20 years of good forage
and deer, but coastal wolves also eat for deer as new growth filled in, and
from the sea: waterfowl, otters, shell- then decades in which dense stands of
fish, even seals and sea lions. They fish maturing trees choked out vegetation
skilfully for salmon. on the forest floor. As more and more
Until recently, the planet’s surviving of the island reached the latter stage,
wolves were so closely associated with deer were starved out of the forests to
remote and wild places that they were crowd along shorelines and roadsides,
pre-eminent symbols of wilderness. By and into rural yards and even towns
the time wolves made their Vancouver themselves. The wolves followed.
Island comeback in the 1970s, it was In Pacific Rim park, wolf sightings
unavoidable that they would be sharing were recorded perhaps only a half-
their habitat with humans. The island’s dozen times up to 1997. But by the
population was rising toward half a mil- end of 2003, just six years later,
lion (it’s close to 800,000 today), with the number of worrisome encounters
most residents crowded along the between people and wolves in the
shorelines. The coastal wolves moved Pacific Rim area had accelerated to
onto an island of coastal people. 51; wolves had killed at least seven
dogs, and one person had been badly The relationship between wolves
wounded in an attack. Remarkably, and dogs is complex: wolves can seem
similar reports began cropping up curious about them as canine cousins
elsewhere—in Alaska, in the Cana- or attack them as territorial invaders.
dian Rockies, in Ontario. Wolves were In Pacific Rim, they mainly, as Windle
in campgrounds, on popular beaches, delicately put it, “target them as a prey
in backyards. As Bob Hansen, a vet- item and consume or partially con-
eran park warden who was named sume them.” In every case that he was
Pacific Rim’s human-wildlife coexist- aware of, the attacks had been made
ence specialist in 1997, put it, “We are on dogs that were off their leashes.
in a new wolf era.”
That era has a name: the Anthro- TO THE CASUAL READER of daily
pocene, or Human Epoch, a new geo- news, a wolf attack, whether on a dog
logical epoch that scientists argue or a human, is a bolt out of the blue.
began around 1950. Its signature is To Pacific Rim staff, such incidents
the dominance of human influence are almost invariably the culmination
on the planet’s systems, from climate of a process.
change to deforestation to the rise of Consider, for example, the only
the chicken as the world’s most numer- known wolf attack on a person in the
ous bird. Every species now has its Pacific Rim region, which took place
Anthropocene story. in July 2000. The attack happened out-
And so, as Windle led me into a sur- side the park, on Vargas Island, a pop-
real landscape of rainforest rising from ular destination for the outdoorsy. For
shifting dunes, we were on the trail of more than a year, rumours had circu-
the modern wolf. Windle stooped to lated that visitors were feeding wolves,
read a set of tracks. “These are dog, not including pups. The wolves were
wolf. Off leash,” he said, and laughed becoming habituated, meaning they
ruefully. “That’s pretty much our num- were losing their natural wariness of
ber one attractant with wolves.” humans, and they’d learned that they
scared it away, but it returned, this Keep a clean camp. Never ever feed
time pulling on the sleeping bag with wolves or leave food out. Avoid hiking
its teeth. When the kayaker began alone and at dawn, dusk and after
shouting and fending off the wolf, it nightfall. Keep your children close
attacked. By the time the wolf was and your dog on a leash. Similar rules,
chased away again, the man had bite focused on food storage and garbage
wounds to his back, hands and head. management, radically reduced con-
It took 50 stitches to close the cuts on flicts between humans and bears
his scalp. 20 years ago.
The following morning, conservation Many visitors follow these guide-
officers killed two wolves on Vargas lines for wolf coexistence, but more
Island. If they had been humans, we than enough do not. Toughest of all
would have said that they were “known for people to accept is that they
to the authorities”—they were the food- should frighten away wolves they see,
conditioned pups, all grown up. at any distance: “Scare, don’t stare” is
rare sight to modern human eyes, a Three days later, in this same spot,
modern wolf may be encountering a wolf attacked a Jack Russell terrier,
people all the time. “To have an inter- which walked away with only a bro-
action with a wolf is pretty powerful,” ken jaw after its owner and several
Windle told me. “Every person calls it other people drove the animal off.
a once-in-a-lifetime experience. They Nonetheless, it was the first known
don’t realize that the wolf has that attack by a wolf on a leashed dog in
same once-in-a-lifetime experience Pacific Rim’s history. The wolf in ques-
that day, and then another once-in-a- tion was described as a large male
lifetime experience later that day, with a black face.
and again the next.”
He stopped cold: he’d found wolf TWO MONTHS PASSED. Then, on May
tracks, fresh ones. Even to my 14, just two weeks before the pair of
untrained eye, they were easy to dis- resource conservation officers would
tinguish from dog prints, not so much be deployed there with 12-gauge shot-
for their large size (though some guns, a young woman named Levana
Mastrangelo walked down Flo Bay as a child had been removed and placed
beach to check another wildlife camera. in Canada’s residential school system.
Mastrangelo had placed the camera Only in the past three years, as a univer-
as part of a geography field course she sity student, had Mastrangelo begun to
was taking, choosing as her site the reconnect with her Yuułuᢺiłᢺatᒒ roots.
mouth of Lost Shoe Creek, where water Working as a researcher for the
spills out of the rainforest to rush across Yuułuᢺiłᢺatᒒ government and later as
the sand. its lands and resources coordinator,
Mastrangelo removed the camera Mastrangelo had learned that her fam-
and, joined by three other students, ily came from Quisitis Point. She also
sat down to load the photos onto her learned that wolves are sacred to the
laptop. Then she happened to glance Yuułuᢺiłᢺatᒒ. In fact, they are the cen-
across the stream and saw a living, tral figures in one of the world’s most
breathing wolf. extraordinary cultural rites.
cause wolf attacks. It’s a tradition, Mas- golden retriever as it was being
trangelo explains, that asks us to look walked—the park’s second attack by a
first at human behaviour when wolves’ wolf on a leashed dog. The incident
behaviour changes. From the perspec- took place on the beach below the
tive of Tlo:kwa:na, human-wolf conflict Green Point Campground, one of
is a message to think harder about Pacific Rim’s busiest locations.
human-wolf coexistence. Once again, the wolf involved was a
As Mastrangelo contemplated her large male with a black face—a wolf
encounter with the wolf at Lost Shoe with a history. He had been seen head-
Creek, she found more and more ing south, toward Flo Bay.
meaning in the wolves’ behaviour in Parks Canada doesn’t reveal the
Pacific Rim. She realized, for example, names of staff who kill wolves in such
that November was the traditional circumstances. It’s an unpleasant,
season of the Wolf Ritual, and it had last-resort act, and many people are
been November when Parks Canada typically involved in the decision.
The wolf ’s body went first to a from Parks Canada, the First Nations
government wildlife veterinarian, and the towns of Tofino and Ucluelet
who found that the animal was thin has been discussing the need for a
but otherwise healthy. The carcass united front on coexistence with
was then turned over to the two wolves, which move freely between
Indigenous nations, Yuułuᢺiłᢺatᒒ and jurisdictions. Parks Canada is prepar-
Tla-o-qui-aht, on whose territories ing to carry out better research on the
the wolf lived and died. Having wolf population and, with a stronger
decided that it was important to visitor education campaign, managed
return the wolf to his home range so to reduce the number of dogs that
his pack would know what had hap- were off leash this past summer from
pened (wolves mourn as surely as half to one-third. The Yuułuᢺiłᢺatᒒ will
dogs do), the nations buried him far study whether to limit access to the
up Lost Shoe Creek. Lost Shoe Creek drainage to visitors;
Here lies one rogue wolf. But that is the Tla-o-qui-aht are considering zip
not the end of the story. lines to which dogs could be leashed
SMART TECH
When the inventor of the USB stick dies, they’ll gently lower the
coffin, then pull it back up, turn it the other way and lower it again.
@CLUEDONT
Wish You
Knew
BY AN N A - K A ISA W AL KE R
I LL U S T R A T I O N B Y C L AY TO N HANM ER
name (the largest was Eagle Execu- ing to Heffel Fine Art Auction House,
tive, the smallest Bouncing Budgie) she learned it was the real deal. The
but otherwise came with little con- piece eventually received the glory it
text, other than a label on the box deserved: Gardiner sold it at an auc-
that read “Parrifoot LTD.” Auctioneers tion for $481,250.
SURROUNDED (Difficult)
Each of these shapes is a different
colour. Here’s a record of the colours
surrounding each shape, in clockwise
order around its perimeter. When a
colour’s initial is repeated, that means
two adjacent sides are in contact with it.
( S U R R O U N D E D) DA R R E N R I G BY; ( PAT H P U Z Z L E ) R O D E R I C K K I M B A L L O F E N I G A M I . F U N
Red: BOOGG
Orange: RRBBYYPP
Yellow: POOB
Green: RRPP
Blue: YOOR
Pink: GGOOY
Can you colour in the diagram?
2 4 3 1 PATH PUZZLE
(Moderately difficult)
1 Draw a path that goes from one
of the grid’s openings to another.
(There are many openings, but only
2 two of them are part of the solution.)
As the path winds from one cell to
the next, it can move up, down, left
3 or right but not diagonally. It can’t
pass through any cell more than
once. The numbers tell how many
4 cells the path must pass through in
the corresponding row or column.
CHOCOLATE (Easy)
Dad: “Where are the chocolate bars I bought?”
Daughter: “I gave half of them to Mom and half
of a bar to my little brother. Then I gave half of
what was left to Grandma and half of a bar to
my little sister. That left me with one bar, which
I gladly ate myself.”
How many bars did Dad originally buy?
16 18 70 100
each. 10. The Qing dynasty. 11. Singapore. 12. The camel. 13. Finland. 14. Bombay. 15. 60.
9. Hungary, with nine gold medals. Its closest rivals, Italy and Britain, have four golds
Atwood. 5. Gravitational waves. 6. Grandmaster. 7. Face with tears of joy. 8. Lloyd.
ANSWERS: 1. The House of Bourbon. 2. “Unchained Melody.” 3. West. 4. Margaret
SURROUNDED BY I A N R I E N S C H E
6 7 1 4 5
5 9 3
PATH PUZZLE
3 5
2 4 3 1 8 7 5 9
1
1 6 5 8
2
4 5 8 6
3
3 1
4
3 1 8
1 8 2 7 3
WINDOWS
DEB
FAC TO SOLVE THIS PUZZLE…
any of them;
4 8 7 5 2 6 9 1 3
4 3 1 4 9 3 5 4 7 1 2 6 8
■ each of the 3 x 3 boxes 1 9 8 2 6 5 4 3 7
2 1 7 5 has all nine numerals,
7 6 3 8 9 4 1 2 5
5 4 2 1 3 7 8 9 6
none repeated.
Answers
1. dryad—[B] wood nymph; as, 9. rathskeller—[C] basement tavern
Daemon hoped a dryad might or restaurant; as, Junlong headed
inhabit his newly planted oak tree. downstairs to the rathskeller to join
his friends for happy hour.
2. schnapsidee—[B] crazy idea
thought up while drinking; as, 10. pneumatology—[C] study of the
Conceived in a bar, the lucrative Holy Spirit; as, A question explored
“pet rock” marketing scheme is an by pneumatology is the nature of the
example of a schnapsidee gone right. Holy Spirit’s work in the world.
3. angel’s share—[C] liquor lost to 11. tipple—[B] drink habitually; as,
evaporation while aging in barrels; Jenny was known to tipple and could
as, Scotland’s whisky industry loses often be found at the pub.
two per cent of its product volume
12. shandy—[B] mixture of beer and
every year to the angel’s share.
lemonade; as, Nafasi praised shandy
4. poltergeist—[A] noisy ghost; for its refreshing taste and low alco-
as, The house was haunted by a hol content.
poltergeist who regularly moved
13. golem—[C] clay figure brought
furniture and rattled dishes.
to life; as, Legend has it that a 16th-
5. hops—[C] plant cones used to century rabbi succeeded in creating
flavour beer; as, Tormod decided a golem to protect the Jewish com-
to grow his own hops and add munity in Prague.
them to his home brew. 14. antifogmatic—[A] drink taken
6. brownie—[A] elf that secretly to brace oneself for damp weather;
does housework; as, Not wanting to as, Jayvyn gulped down a quick dram
take credit, Uberto claimed a brownie of whisky as an antifogmatic before
had folded the laundry. heading out into the cold rain.
8. pot-valiant—[B] courageous
VOCABULARY RATINGS
when intoxicated; as, Feeling pot- 7–10: fair
valiant after a few swigs from her 11–12: good
flask, Angelina asked Kit to dance. 13–15: excellent
M FR S U B
R
DOWNLOAD
PR
O E E SC
IN
N
T
TH R I B E
S RS!
& READ UP
Apple and iPad are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S.
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Quotes
BY C H R I ST I N A PA L A S S I O
If I had listened
to all the pundits I FEEL NEITHER
during all my life,
I would have been MALE NOR FEMALE
a very miserable
person. And look
BUT REALLY GO
how joyful I am
still today.
BETWEEN THESE
JEAN CHRÉTIEN THINGS. S O O K-Y I N L E E
P H OTO S : ( L E E ) K E V I N VA N PA AS S E N /C B C ; (C A E SA R - C H AVA N N E S ) CO U R T E SY O F C E L I N A C A E SA R -
C H AVA N N E S ; ( VA L L É E ) D F R E E /S H U T T E R STO C K .CO M . Q U OT E S : (C H R É T I E N ) C B C N E WS ( M AY 2 01 8 ) ;
( L E E ) T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L ( M AY 25, 2018); (C A E SA R - C H AVA N N E S ) T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L ( M AY 2 5 ,
2018); (O ’ R E I L LY ) C B C ’ S V E N T U R I N G O U T ( AU G . 2017); ( VA L L ÉE) T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L (J U N E 15 ,
2018); ( L I G H TS ) FA S H I O N (J U LY 3, 2018).
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