Alexandria University 3rd Year Power – Oct.

2016
Faculty of Engineering Probability and Statistics

Sheet 2
Probability Laws and Counting Techniques

Question (1):
The probability that an integrated circuit chip will have defective etching is 0.06, the probability it
will have a crack defect is 0.03, and the probability that it will have both defects is 0.02. What is
the probability that a newly manufactured chip
(a) will have either an etching or a crack defect?
(b) will have neither defect?

Question (2):
At a particular department store, there are two types of ovens. Consider the decisions made by six
distinct customers.
(a) Suppose that the probability is 0.4 that at most two of these individuals purchase an electric
oven. What is the probability that at least 3 purchase the electric oven?
(b) Suppose that the probability that all six purchase the electric oven is 0.06, while 0.14 is the
probability that all six purchase the gas oven. What is the probability that at least one of each type
is purchased?

Question (3):
If each coded item in a catalogue begins with 3 distinct letters (a-z) followed by 4 distinct non-zero
digits (1-9), find the probability of randomly selecting one of these coded items with the first letter
a vowel {a, e, i, o, u} or the last digit is even.

Question (4):
A three-digit number is formed at random from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, where each digit
can be used only once. What is the probability of getting
(a) an odd number?
(b) a number less than 300?

Question (5):
A conference on bioinformatics includes six talks for six different speakers (3 biologists and 3
engineers). However, the three biologists must speak first, in any order, followed by the 3
engineers, in any order. How many different schedules are possible for the six talks in this
conference?

Question (6):
In how many ways can 6 people be lined up to get on a bus,
(a) if 3 specific persons insist on following each other?
(b) if 2 specific persons refuse to follow each other?

Question (7):
Among the 12 solar collectors on display at a trade show, 9 are flat-plate collectors and the others
are concentrating collectors. If 4 of the solar collectors are randomly selected, what is the
probability that at most two are concentrating collectors?

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Question (8):
A manufacturer supplies cheap motors in batches of size 25. A buyer, before taking a batch, tests
at random a sample of 5 motors and accepts the lot if they are all good. What is the probability that
(a) he will accept a batch containing five defective motors?
(b) he will reject (not accept) a lot containing only one defective motor?

Question (9):
(a) A wireless garage door opener has a code determined by the up or down setting of 12 switches.
How many possible codes are possible? How many possible codes are there which contain exactly
5 switches set to be up?
(b) In how many ways can 5 starting positions on a basketball team be assigned to any of 8 men
who can play any of the positions?
(c) How many distinct words (not necessarily meaningful) can be obtained as permutations of the
letters of the word "infinity"?

Question (10):
(a) In how many different ways can a true-false test consisting of 9 questions be answered?
(b) Six professors are to give talks at a certain conference. Each one will give two talks. In how
many ways can their talks be scheduled?
(c) A manufacturing process consists of 10 distinct operations. However, 5 machining operations
must be completed before any of the remaining 5 assembly operations can begin. Within each set
of five, operations can be completed in any order. How many production sequences are possible?

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