Solid Waste Disposal

Introduction:-
Now a days everywhere, specially at tourist places lot of tourists are visiting and staying
at different places. Nainital is an important tourist place in India in uttarakhand state. Nainital
has many tourist spots and it is famous for nine tals (lakes). Here people are countineously
coming from all ever india and other parts of world. Even Nainital is also known for Kumaun
University .This is an old University in this region, various types of professional and other
causes are being offered in this university. This University has UGC HRDC centre established
by the UGC for various causes for university and college teachers. During these causes various
activites are given to the participant to complete the caurse. One of them is group project.
Activity (GPA) for this GPA we have selected the topic (Solid Waste Disposal) for this topic we
have collected data by visiting the various places of city and interview the citizens about this
problem.

(a) (b)

(c)
Objectives:-
These are two major objectives of this project:-
 1. To know the problems of waste material.
2. To provide suggestions for solid waste disposal.

Suggestions:
Nature has gifted beautiful in and around lakes at Nainital which makes it highly
vulnerable towards negative consequences of Leachate contamination in both surface and ground
water supplies. With this perspective, on having discussion with solid waste management
(SWM) staff members we came to know that all garbage and waster material of Nainital earlier
get disposed at dumping ground near Hanumangarhi which has been shifted to Haldwani now.
 We noticed open dumped garbage at dumping ground with high heap of waste which
keep on increasing due to huge number of tourist now a days. These open dumping is gradually
contaminating the surrounding area due to leaking of water through surface runoff. Lined
landfilling is a better option provides benefits over open dumps by confining the migration of
pollutants carried by water. As a consequences of confinement highly concentrated liquid
leachates accumulates at the lower impermeable barrier of landfill.

Impermeable membrane

These landfill leachates have high nutrient and other constituents which can be utilized as
algae cultivation medium. It can continue to produce leachates throughout the lifespan of landfill
and even after closure. The algae cultivation plays dual role of leachate remediation and biomass
production reducing environmental burden. Algae have significant potential to contribute to the
global production of bioresources depending on both species of algae and cultivation conditions.
Algae can generate high quality proteins, unique polysaccharides, lipids and pigments. Of
particular interest is the biosynthesis of lipids, especially triglycerides for the production of
renewable fuel resources such as biodiesel. To produce large scale algae biomass production
ammonical nitrogen content of leachates has to be increased which can be enhanced by aging of
landfill. With this way the organic acids from decomposed waste gets converted to methane and
carbon dioxide gas which in turn increases pH of the leachates.
Thus leachates can be collected from landfills at methanogenic stage which can be
identified by routine analysis which can be used as medium for algae cultivation. Then grown
algae can be extracted for their lipid contents. The latter one can be converted to biofuels by
petroleum refining. Another advantage of this technique is to generate the methane form landfills
which can be used as natural gas resource.
 Success of this method depends on the kind of waste is being decomposed in the landfills.
It should be biodegradable and any non-biodegradable material in that can be toxic for the
growth of algae. Thus problems related to waste management can be sorted by effective
segregation of garbage at primary level. In most of the places biodegradable and non-
biodegradable waste was collected together which leads to less recycling as it is not easy to
remove material for recycling which in turn reduces the resources. When such garbage after
collection goes to landfills and dumped unscientifically the toxic chemicals can seep into the
ground over the time and can pollute the ground water supply which is also equally hazardous to
environment. To increase the practice of segregation following solutions can be implemented.

1] Colored dustbins for segregation have to be used at different tourist places. Since,
Nainital is the crowded tourist place. With the safety point of view these bins can be made of
transparent or perforated material so that material dumped in that can be easily supervised.

2] Next task to aware the people, what kind of waste can be dumped in these bins. This
kind of activity can be channelized by putting banners outside shops, hotels, administrative
places, tourist places which can help people to sort the waste.
 3] Nearby Naini lake we have seen many a times some local bands entertain tourist with
their music. At such places if activities like “Nukkad Natika” based on segregation awareness of
garbage and environment safety can be arranged with the help of some NGOs.