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MICROSOFT CERTIFIED
SYSTEM ENGINEER
1
Microsoft Certified System Engineer
Introduction to MCSE
The new MCSE track requires 7 exams. Only 1 of those is an elective. The Networking component has
4 required exams. They are as follows:
• Exam 70-290: Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment
• Exam 70-291: Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003
Network Infrastructure
• Exam 70-293: Planning and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network
Infrastructure
• Exam 70-294: Planning, Implementing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003
Active Directory Infrastructure
The client component consists of a choice between the existing client exams Windows XP
Professional (70-270) or Windows 2000 Professional (70-210). If you have already passed one of
these exams, then you do not need to worry about the client component.
The Design component consists of 1 exam and you will have a choice between 2 exams:
• Exam 70-297: Designing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Network
Infrastructure
• Exam 70-298: Designing Security for a M
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network
You can take both of these exams and use 1 of them to satisfy your elective requirement which is
discussed next.
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Microsoft Certified System Engineer
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INDEX
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS 2003 NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE
LAN use at corporate office and Internet Cafe. It is a wire network where the system is connected
under one building. Managing and trouble shooting of LAN is easy.
Hub
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Remote Access Network
Remote access connection uses Dial Up Networking with PSTN & ISDN telephone
connection. This connection is slower & expensive than LAN.
Internet
The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a
network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information
from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). It was conceived
by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first
known as the ARPANET. The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a
research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers at other universities. A
side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than
one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of
a military attack or other disaster.
Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of
millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total resources of the
currently existing public telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the Internet is
its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
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Intranet
An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many
interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in the wide area network. Typically, an
intranet includes connections through one or more gateway computers to the outside Internet. The
main purpose of an intranet is to share company information and computing resources among
employees. An intranet can also be used to facilitate working in groups and for teleconferences.
An intranet uses TCP/IP, HTTP, and other Internet protocols and in general looks like a private
version of the Internet. With tunneling, companies can send private messages through the public
network, using the public network with special encryption/decryption and other security safeguards to
connect one part of their intranet to another.
Typically, larger enterprises allow users within their intranet to access the public Internet through
firewall servers that have the ability to screen messages in both directions so that company security is
maintained. When part of an intranet is made accessible to customers, partners, suppliers, or others
outside the company, that part becomes part of an extranet.
Extranet
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication
system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors,
partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that
is extended to users outside the company. It has also been described as a "state of mind" in which the
Internet is perceived as a way to do business with other companies as well as to sell products to
customers.
An extranet requires security and privacy. These can include firewall server management, the issuance
and use of digital certificates or similar means of user authentication, encryption of messages, and the
use of virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel through the public network.
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CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO TCP/IP
TCP/IP Invention
ARPANET IP
(1970-1980)
DNS, SMTP,
INTERNIC (1994) POP3
TCP and IP were developed by a Department of Defense (DOD) research project to connect a number
different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks (the "Internet"). It was
initially successful because it delivered a few basic services that everyone needs (file transfer,
electronic mail, remote logon) across a very large number of client and server systems. Several
computers in a small department can use TCP/IP (along with other protocols) on a single LAN.
The IP component provides routing from the department to the enterprise network, then to regional
networks, and finally to the global Internet. On the battlefield a communications network will sustain
damage, so the DOD designed TCP/IP to be robust and automatically recover from any node or phone
line failure. This design allows the construction of very large networks with less central management.
However, because of the automatic recovery, network problems can go undiagnosed and uncorrected
for long periods of time.
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DOD Model (Department of Defenses)
Application layer - It contains all the TCP/IP application & services, TCP/IP application/Client
server base.
OS
C/S
TCP/IP TCP/IP
Telnet-------------------------------------------------Telnet Server
Microsoft FTP ---------------------------------------------------FTP server
HTTP-------------------------------------------------FTP server
HTTP -------------------------------------------------HTTPD (Demon Server)
Unix FTP --------------------------------------------------- FTPD
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Telnet - It is a terminal emulation utility. It is used to access the Remote system. (Telnet server) From
the remote client, telnet client (text)
From Services start the telnet service go to CMD type telnet IP address of Telnet Machine.
FTP -It is an application & it is used to transfer of files uploading & downloading files.
HTTP - (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) it is mainly used on web server. It uses www. Service it
support text graphic video.
SMTP - It is used for simple mail on main server. Ex. Exchange lotus notes. SMTP is used to sent
mails and pop3 is use to receive mail.
SNMP - Simple network management protocol SNMP service is used to monitor TCP/IP statistics on
SNMP client.
Internet Layer
ICMP - Internet control massage process. It is responsible for network massage and error.
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IP Addressing
IP address is 32 Bit logical address __. __. __. __=32 bit logical address.
IP address consist of four octate.
Classes of IP Address
A Class --------1 to 126
B Class --------128 to 191
C Class --------192 to 223
D Class --------224 to 239 (multicast)
E Class --------240 to 254 (future)
Subnet Mask
It is 32 Bit logical address Subnet mask is used to identify the network ID and Host ID in the IP
address subnet mask contains value 255 & 0. 255 identify the network ID & 0 identify the Host ID.
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Converting Decimal to Binary.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Ex. 170 if 128 is minus from 170 places 1 at first position if not minus place 0 then from remaining
value minus 64 if it can minus place 1 or not place 0 at second position.
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CHAPTER 3 IMPLEMENTING DHCP
(DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL)
Every Host installed with TCP/IP compulsory must have an IP address a TCP/IP Host is assign IP
address in two ways.
1) Static Æ Manually
2) Dynamic Æ Automatic
In a large network static address is not feasible. You must use DHCP server to assign IP address to the
entire Host in a network.
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A DHCP server assigns the following to the DHCP client.
1) IP address
2) Subnet mask
3) Default gateway
4) DNS
5) Wins
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DHCP IP lease process (DORA Process)
1) IP lease request
DHCP Discover
IP lease offer 2)
DHCP offer
3) IP lease reflection
DHCP request
IP lease ACK 4)
DHCP ACK
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DHCP Lease Renewal Process
DHCP SRV
192.168.22.10 APIPA
1) Address Pool -This option display the IP addresses Range and the excluded IP address
range.
2) Address Lease - This option display the information of DHCP client i.e. IP address, client
name, lease Expire date, Mac address of DHCP client.
4) Scope option - This option you can use this option to provide additional IP
configuration address of router, DNS and Wins.
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Working with multiple scopes
10.0.0.1 192.168.22.1
SCOPE 2—10.0.0.0
D GATEWAY—10.0.0.1
192,168.22.4 10.0.0.8
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Using super scope
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Using DHCP in Routed Network
ROUTER
DHCP RLEAY AGENT DHCP SRV
DHCP SRV
DHCPSRVLOG—MON
DHCPSRVLOG—TUE
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Compacting DHCP Database
DHCP SRV
DHCP.MDB
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CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTING DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)
Introduction
C1—IP
C2---IP
C3---IP
DNS Client C4---IP
records
C1.com ?
C2 C3
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DNS Query Process
1) Iterative Query - The DNS server returns the best answer that it can provide without help from
other server.
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1 8
DNS Client
DNS client wants to connect to server1.com. It will 1st ask its own DNS server, if it doesn’t have then
it will ask other DNS servers. After getting the IP address it will directly connect to Server1.com
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2) Recursive Query - The DNS server returns to complete answer to query not to pointer to another
DNS server.(DNS client will ask its own DNS server and that DNS server will itself ask other DNS
servers and get the IP and give it to the DNS client)
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4
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DNS Requirement
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DNS
Forward Lookup Zone
DNS Structure
Zone Com Com MCSE.com
Comp1.pune.India.com
1) Primary Zone
2) Secondary Zone
3) Active Directory Integrated
4) Stub Zone
Primary Zone - It contains a read & write version of the zone file i.e. told in a standard text file. Any
changes to the zone are recorded in that file you must create a primary zone each time if you create a
new zone.
Secondary Zone - Secondary zone contains a read only version of zone file i.e. told in standard text
file any change to zone are recorded in a primary zone file and replicated to the secondary zone file a
secondary zone copy from primary zone.
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Creating Primary Zone
Windows\system32\dns\cisco.com.dns Windows\system32\dns\cisco.com.dns
Cisco.com Cisco.com
C1---------IP C1-------IP
C2---------IP C2-------IP
C3---------IP C3-------IP
C4---------IP C4-------IP
C5---------IP C5-------IP
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If primary DNS goes down the secondary work as primary secondary is read only & primary is read &
write.
Before You Create a secondary zone you must configure name & setting on a primary zone setting.
Zone Transfer
Zone Transfer between primary & secondary a zone transfer is a process of replicating a zone file to
another to another DNS Server a zone transfer instituted the master DNS server sends notification of
zone changes of secondary DNS server in win2003 the DNS Server is updated by incremental zone
transfer.
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If primary zone is deleted or courted you can change secondary zone to become a primary zone you
can configure single DNS Server to Host.
1) One or more Primary Zone.
1) One or more secondary zone.
2) Combination of primary and secondary zone.
Cisco.com Cisco.com
C1-------IP C1-------IP
C3-------IP C3-------IP
C4-------IP C4-------IP
C5-------IP C5-------IP
C6-------IP C6-------IP
Active Directory Integrated Zone - Stores the zone information in an Active Directory not in a text
file. Updated to the zone occur automatically during ADS replication. Active Directory Integrated is
read & write.
Advantage
1) ADS zone date is stored in the ADS object
2) It replicate as port of DC
3) No Single point of failure
4) Fault tolerance
5) Provide secure only option a dynamic update
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Creating primary zone for Reverse Lookup Zone
¾ New zone
¾ Primary
¾ Specify the Net ID
¾ Filename of zone
¾ Allow dynamic Update (Y/N)
¾ Finish
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Examining Zone File Æ
Zone Zone
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Dynamic Update
The DNS dynamic update protocol allows client to automatically update DNS server.
Win 2000/2003/XP
DNS server
• If all the machines are Win 2000 / 2003/ XP then we will directly make them DNS client and
they are already enabled for dynamic updates.
• We will select non secure and secure on the dynamic update of DNS server.
• All the information of the client will be automatically updated BUT if there are pre win 2000
machines also, so we will have to take help of DHCP.
• Will have to make all the machines including win 2000/ 2003 / XP DHCP clients and the
DHCP server will update the DNS server.
To enable dynamic update you need to configure DNS server & DHCP server.
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Maintaining & Troubleshooting DNS
CITY 1
DNS server
WAN link
CITY 2
Catching only server perform name resolution on behalf of client computers and cache results
DNS server Æ Properties Æ Forwarders Æ specify the IP address of DNS server to which you want
forward .
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If the DNS server is root zone that it can not be forwarder maintain DNS Zone
A----------------Host
PTR------------Reverse
Cname---------Alias
SRV------------Service
M---------------Mail
SOA
Monitoring DNS
Test DNS: - You can test the simple and recursive query of DNS
DNS SRV Æ Properties Æ Monitoring.
Event Viewer
Enable DNS Server Debug logging
DNS SRV Æ Properties Æ Debug logging
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CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTING WINS
(WINDOWS INTERNET NAME SERVICE)
C1 C2
3) Local broadcast
A net bios client can issue a broadcast on the local network for the ip address of the destination net
bios name
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WINS server Netbios-------IP
name
2 C2
3 BROADCAST C3
C1
1 Netbios cache
------ IP
------- ------
C4
When C1 needs to connect to C2 it will 1st check its netbios cache list, if not there then 2nd it will ask
wins server. If not there the 3rd it will broadcast
B (Broadcast) - Node – 1
It uses only broadcast for name registration and resolution.
P (Peer-to-Peer) - Node – 4
It uses NetBIOS name server for name resolution. It do not use broadcast
M (Mixed) - Node – 2
It combines B node and P node and by default function as B node.
H (Hybrid) - Node – 8
It combines P node and B node and by default function as P node.
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LMHOSTS File
LMHOST is static
ROUTER
A3 C3
A2 Lmhost File C2
10.0.0.1 A1
10.0.0.2 A2
10.0.0.3 A3
A1 C1
10.0.0.1 192.168.10.1
WINS Overview
WINS Installation
Server Requirement
Windows 2003 Server
Static IP address
WINS Service installed
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NAME REGESTRATION
When you configure a computer as WINs client, the clients computer register its netbios name
and IP address by sending a name registration request directly to the primary WINs server. The client
when register to the WINs server,in its request it takes its netbios name and Ip address and also the
service which it is registering.
WINS server
WINS Client
Netbios name
IP address
Win server IP add
Service type
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The wins client by default is registered with 2 services ie file server and work station. On a wins client
if a new service is started the wins client automatically register the new service entry on the wins
server
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REGESTRATION RENEWAL
The default renewal interval for entries in the wins data base is 6 days. Renewal occurs every 3 days
because the registration renewal is of 50%
NAME QUERY
A wins client can use the netbios name of another wins client to obtain the IP add of that client from
the Wins server 1st it sends the query to the primary wins server, if it doesn’t respond it will query to
the secondary wins server if available, even if secondary does not response, the client will the
broadcast. A wins client can add up to 12 wins server
NAME RELEASE
When you shout down the wins client properly, by using the OS shut down sequence or by stopping a
network service ,the client send sends the name release request directly to the wins server for each
requested name.
2 3 WINS Server
ZONE
Comp1 IP address DATA BASE
is not available Comp1 10.0.0.2
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Using Static Mapping
ROUTER
WINS DATEBASE
WINS client WINS client
Linux123 IP
Static mapping is a manual Entry in the WINS data base that the net bios name to IP address. Static
mapping mainly done for non Microsoft OS.
WINS Æ comp1 Æ Active Registration Æ New Map static Æ Specify computer name, Net bios
Scope optional ÆType(Unique simple) Æspecify IP address……
comp1
LINUX 123 WINS client
(ping linux 123 it can ping)
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Wins proxy is a computer to forward broadcast name resolution request to the win server for name
resolution. Enable win proxy by using regedit.
WINS Replication
ROUTER
Replication Partner
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1) Pull partners - Request replica of database entry at specify interval it limits the frequently of
replication traffic but may cause less data synchronization.
2) Push Partners - It notified replication partner when changes exceed specify threshold (No of
changes). It maintain synchronization but may increase traffic.
3) Push/Pull Partner - It is configure as both push partner and pull partner. It ensure
synchronization regard ness no of changes.
WINS display all records in the database and organized the information into a following column.
1) Record name Æ The register net bios name a following columns.
2) Type Æ The service that register the entry it includes the hexadecimal type ID.
3) IP address Æ IP address of the register WINS client.
4) State Æ The state of the database entry. It can be active, Release or Tombstone.
5) Static Æ Indicated whether the mapping is static.
6) Owner Æ The wins server from which the entry originated.
7) Version Æ A unique hexadecimal no. assign by the wins server
8) Expiration Æ It shows the entry which expire.
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Deleting WINS Record
Backing Up WINS
Right Click win server Æ Backup database
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CHAPTER 6 IMPLEMENTING ROUTING AND REMOTE
ACCESS SERVICE
Introduction
Connection Type
1) Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN): - PSTN uses analog telephone line and modems. It
is a cheapest remote access connection and not reliable.
2) Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN): - ISDN is uses digital telephone connection &
modems. ISDN is expensive than PSTN. ISDN are reliable than PSTN.
3) Virtual Private Network (VPN): -
ISP
INTERNET
LAN
ISP NETWORK
VPN client
VPN allows connection between LAN through Internet,the client has to intstall VPN & became
VPN client.
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Installing/Configuring RAS Server
Client Server
To make RAS Server
1) Install Modem
2) Configure & Enable R RAS
Æ Dial up (Remote Access)
Æ IP Assignment
Automatically (DHCP)
Specify Range (R RAS Server)
Æ No Radius
Æ Finish
1) Install
2) Make new Dial Up Connection
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The user must be given dial-in permission to access the RRAS Server this is done from DC-
active directory users and computer-user properties-dial-in
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RRAS Components
1) Remote Access Client – It display the connected RAS client connected user name, time
interval and port used from this option you can check status, send message and disconnect the
RAS client.
2) RAS Ports
1------------Modem
10 ----------VPN Ports (PPTP—5) (L2TP--- 5)
By default the modem on RRAS server is configured only for in board connection if you want dial
through RRAS server to another RRAS server for select in board & outbound connection
RRAS server Æ Ports Æ Properties Æ select Port Æ Click configuration
1) LAN Protocol
A) TCP/IP
B) IPX/SPX
C) Apple talk
2) RAS Protocol
a) Point to Point Protocol(PPP): - PPP enable the remote Access point & server to operate
together in multi vender company it is default protocol or most commonly use protocol in
remote access.
b) Serial LAN Internet Protocol (SLIP): - SLIP is most commonly used telnet (Unix based)
Microsoft Windows 2000 & 2003 supports only slip client they do not support SLIP server.
3) VPN Protocol: -
a) PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)
b) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) more secure.
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Diagram
MODEM MODEM
MODEM MODEM
Authentication Protocol
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Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP): - Supports customize authentication to RAS server by
using protocol
If the DHCP server is available RRAS obtains 10 IP address at a time. If DHCP server is in
available RRAS uses APIPA.
10 IP REC.
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Remote Access Policies
Windows 2003 stores remote access policies on the RRAS server and not on the ADS server.
1) Conditions
Is between 8 A.M to 5 P.M.
Is from Monday to Friday
Is from any user in Sales Group
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2) Policies
90 min. connection time.
10 min. idle time.
It requires encryption
Monitor RRAS
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USING IAS (Internet Authentication Service)
Introduction to IAS
IAS performs centralized authentication, authorization, auditing and accounting of connections for dial
up and VPN connection
IAS WIN2003
DC
RRAS RRAS
Radius Radius
Client Client
Internet
Dial-in Dial-in
client client
VPN Client
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Installing IAS
Path:- Control Panel Æ add remove Æ windows components Æ network services Æ IAS Æ ok Æ
Finish.
Configure IAS
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Add Radius client on IAS server
Path:- program Æ administrative tool Æ IAS server Æ radius client Æ new Radius clientÆ specify
friendly nameÆIP address of Radius client Æ select client vender Microsoft (radius standard) specify
a shared secret password.
Configure authentication and accounting provider as RADIUS and configure RADIUS server i.e.
RADIUS server IP, shared secret password.
* Note- After configuring RRAS to use IAS Remote access policy and logging is disable on
RRAS sever.
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Configure Remote access policies from IAS Server
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CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURE WINDOWS 2003 AS A ROUTER
ROUTER
10.10.10.1 176.142.10.1
ROUTER
200.100.100.0 192.168.10.1
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Physical Router
ISP ROUTER
Router forwards ip packets between different networks. Router contains routing table, it use the
information in the routing table to forward ip packets.
ROUTING TABLE
172.16.0.0
10.0.0.0
IP-10.0.0.0 IP-172.16.0.0
DG-10.0.0.1 DG-172.16.0.1
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Default entries in Routing Table
224.0.0.0 - Multicast
255.255.255.255 – Broadcast
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Types of Routing
1) Static Routing
2) Dynamic Routing
.
Router use routing protocol to exchange information between routers to propagate network address
and connection information. The 2 most common routing protocols are
PATH
Making a Router
ProgramsÆ administrative tool Æ routing and routing access Æ (right click computer) Æ configure
and enable routing and remote access Æ custom configuration Æ LAN routing Æ finish Æ yes.
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Static Routing (Manual)
R1 R2
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Dynamic Routing
Routing Protocol
R1 R2
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Configure the router
After the above, go to local computer Æ IP routing Æ general Æ local area connection Æ properties
Æ configuration Æ give IP Æ advance Æ add Æ IP addÆ ok
On client specify router address right click local area connection and give default gateway.
1. By using Router
a) Router optimizes network performance
b) It enables all user in the network to share a single connection to the internet.
2. By using firewall
Firewall prevents unauthorized access to your network. It enables you to specify the type of traffic
that is allowed into and out of your network.
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NATING
External IP
WIN 2003 ROUTER 131.105.70.2
Internal IP
192.168.22.1
Internet
192.168.22.0
131.105.70.2:1099
Yahoo.com:80
yahoo.com
IP-192.168.22.4:1066
yahoo.com:80
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Using Remote Installation Service
RIS was first introduced in windows 2000, it supports installation of client OS through the network.
PC
PXE-ROM
Requirements of RIS
1) ADS Server (DC)
2) DNS Server
3) DHCP Server
4) Windows 2003 server computer running RIS service with client operating system image.
Installing RIS
Network Adapter with PXE Boot ROM
Network Adapter which support PXE requires
CD of the client OS
Minimum 2GB NTFS partition
Start—settings—control panel—add/remove program—windows component—RIS service.
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After installing RIS restart the system and configure RIS service
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Configure RIS service
1) Command – rissetup
2) Remote installation folder location
3) Initial settings
4) Installation source files location
5) Windows installation image folder
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CHAPTER 8 MANAGING WINDOWS 2003 NETWORK
1) Remote desktop
It is a built-in option in windows 2003 and XP. Mainly used by Administrators. It allows only
two connections do not require license.
Path
Right click my computerÆPropertiesÆRemoteÆEnable Remote desktop.
SWITCH ROUTER
Management System
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SNMP Agent
It is a computer or a network device running SNMP client service which sends information to SNMP
server as Trap Message.
By default windows 2003 server contains only SNMP client. To install SNMP server you must use
Microsoft SMS (System Management Service) server.
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Community Name
SNMP server and client work under a common community name. By default the SNMP community
name is public.
ROUTER
Agent-1 Agent-3
CN=CN=2 CN=CN1
Agent-2 Agent-4
CN=CN=1 CN=CN2
Manager-1 Manager-2
CN=CN1 CN=CN2
Agent-2, Agent-3 Agent-1, Agent-4
Path
Control panelÆAdd remove programsÆ Add remove windows
ComponentsÆManagement & monitoring tools ÆSimple Network Management
ProtocolÆOk.
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CHAPTER 9 TROUBLESHOOTING NETWORK PROBLEMS
Hardware/ Software
Help
Help and Support
Net HelpMsg.
e.g. 67 error no.
Text commands
1. Net help Msg error no.
2. Net send IP massage
3. Net view.
4. Net share.
5. Net start service name
6. Net stop service name
7. Net user NAME Password /add
8. Net statistics server
9. Net statistics workstation
Verifying TCP/IP
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1. IPconfigÆIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway.
2. IPconfigÆIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway, DNS IP, WINS IP, MAC Address.
3. IPconfig/Flush DNS ÆPurge DNS Cache.
4. IPconfig/Release ÆIt release IP Address given by DHCP.
5. IPconfig/Renew ÆIt renew IP Address given by DHCP
TESTING IP CONFIGURATION
PING 127.0.0.1 ----------ÆLoopback
PING 192.168.22.2 ----------ÆPing self
PING 192.168.22.1 ----------ÆDC
PING 10.0.0.2 ----------ÆRemote host.
If problem in network use above commands.
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TESTING IP TO MAC
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TESTING NAME RESOLUTION
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