The Simple Past Tense Function

Function : to tell about activity that began in the past and ended in the past too. We usually use
simple past tense when the adverb of time in the sentence is specific when the adverb is not
specific we can simple perfect tense.

Structure of Simple Past Tense

Verbal : (+) Subject+ Verb2+Object

(-) Subject+did+not+Verb1+Object

(?) Did+Subject+Verb1+Object ?

Nominal : (+) Subject+was/were+Compliment

(-) Subject+was/were+not+Compliment

(?) Was/were+Subject+Compliment ?

Example:

Verbal: 1. (+) Heni walked in the field yesterday

(-) Heni did not walk in the field yesterday

(?) Did heni walk in the field yesterday?

2. (+) She woke up 2 hours ago

(-) She did not wake up 2 hours ago

(?) Did she wake up 2 hours ago?

3. (+) Mr. Teguh read a news paper just now

(-) Mr. Teguh did not read a news paper just now

(?) Did Mr. Teguh read a news paper just now?

4. (+) I washed the motorcycle in front of house

(-) I did not wash the motorcycle in front of house

(?) did I wash the motorcycle in the front of house?

5. (+) Siti sold vegetable from village last week

(-) Siti did not sell vegetable from village last week

(?) Did siti sell vegetable from village last week?

Nominal: 1. (+) He was a strong man

(-) He was not strong man

(?) Was he strong man?

2. (+) You were lucky people in 2016

(-) You were not lucky people in 2016

(?) Were you lucky people in 2016?

3. (+) Verisa was kind

(-) Verisa was not kind

(?) Was verisa kind?

4. (+) Mrs.Novia and Mrs.Dian were favorite teachers

(-) Mrs.Novia and Mrs.Dian were not favorite teacher

(?) Were Mrs.Novia and Mrs.Dian favorite teacher?

5. (+) you were a pretty girl

(-) you were not pretty girl

(?) were you pretty girl?

 Present Perfect Tense
Function: To indicate an action that happened in an unparticular time in the past.

To indicate an action that happened in the past and contiue to the present.

Structure of Present Perfect Tense

Verbal : (+) Subject+Have/Has+Verb3+Object

(-) Subject+Have/Has+not+Verb3+Object

(?) Have/Has+Subject+Verb3+Object ?

Nominal : (+) Subject+Have/Has+been+Adj/Noun/Adv

(-) Subject+Have/Has+not+been+Adj/Noun/Adv

(?) Have/Has+Subject+been+Adj/Noun/Adv

Example:

Verbal: 1. (+) She has made cake for 2 hours

(-) She has not made cake for 2 hours

(?) Has She made cake for 2 hours?

2. (+) my parents have advised me not to be late to school

(-) my parents have not advised me not to be late to school

(?) Have my parents advised me not to be late to school?

3. (+) Hanu has gone to Bali

(-) Hanu has not gone to Bali

(?) Has Hanu gone to Bali?

4. (+) My grandfather has shed fleece

(-) My grandfather has not shed fleece

(?) Has my grandfather shed fleece?

5. (+) The students have swum in ngembak swimming pool

(-) The students have not swum in ngembak swimming pool

(?) Have the students swum in ngembak swimming pool?

Nominal: 1. (+) They have been on holiday for two weeks

(-) They have not been on holiday for two weeks

(?) Have they been on holiday for two weeks?

2. (+) Rara and Tori have been best friend since longtime ago

(-) Rara and Tori have not been best friend since longtime ago

(?) Have rara and Tori been best friend since longtime ago?

3. (+) She has been a new student here

(-) She has not been a new student here

(?) Has she been a new student here?

4. (+) She has been good at English

(-) She has not been good at English

(?) Has she been good at English?

5. (+) You have been a Senior High School student

(-) You have not been a Senior High School student

(?) Have you been a senior high school student?

 Recount Text
Social Function: To list and describe past experiences by retelling events in order in which they
happened (chronogical order). It is written to retell events with purpose of either informing or
intertaining their audience (or both).

Generic Structure:

Orientation: it’s consist of who were involved, when and where was it happened
Events: to tell what happened in a chronological order
Re-orientation: that’s optional – closure of events. Sometime, it is conclusion section that
expressed writer’s personal opinion of the events that have been told. Example: What an
exciting experience! I’ll go ther again someday.

Languange Features:

1. Pronouns and Nouns

 He, She, It, I, They, We, Us, Them, Me, Her, Him
 Car, dentist, book, water, love, romance, city, shop
2. Action Verbs In Past
 went, marked, armed, acknowledged, declared, asked, signed, sang, thought, etc.
3. Past Tenses
 We went for a trip to the zoo.
 They sang songs together for our success.
4. Adverbial Phrases (consist of one or more words that can modified by other words)
 usually, very, enough, really, quite, right, almost, only, therefore, extremely, hardly,
etc.
5. Adjectives
 hard, strong, easy, kind, beauty, nice, high, low, hot, cold, cheap, strange, cute, soft,
big, fat.
Model of the text:

My First Experience to Drive a car

Last year, when I was twenty years old, my oldest brother bought a car. That was Honda jazz
RS. I wanted to know how to drive it. I persuaded my oldest brother to teach me to drive the
car.But, my brother refused my request. He promised that he would teach me to drive the car
about three or four years later, but I still whimpered. Finally, my brother accepted my request
and he wanted to teach me to drive a car.Three days later, my brother and i went to the field to
teach me how to drive a car. My brother was very patient to give me some directions. I was very
nervous because that was my first time to drive a car . One week later, my family visited my
grandmother in Bandung, about 4 hours from my home. Because that, I was alone at home. So, I
had a opportunity to drive a car alone. I drove about 6 km but after that I got nervous and I lost
my control because the street was narrow and I crashed the wall.After that I called my brother
by phone to tell him about the accident. I imagined my brother would be angry. But the reality
was exactly on the contrary, my brother was not angry. He just gave me some advices and since
that accident, I promised I would always ask my brothre’s permission to drive him car.

Went Camping

Last sunday, my friends and I went camping on the mountain. We went to Palutungan,
Kuningan. The spot was near from our town. It was about one hour to get there. We choose
Palutungan because it was not too far from our home.

We prepared everything before went to Palutungan. We brought cooking utensils and the food
from home, clothes, camera, guitar, etc. We went there by motorcycles.

On the first day, we sat up the tent on the camping area. The air was so fresh there. We took a
bath on the waterfall. The waterfall was called curug Putri. After played at waterfall, we felt
hungry. Then, we cooked the food for the lunch and had lunch together. The first night of our
camping, the air was so cold, we made a campfire, sang songs together and after we slept. We
used sleeping bag when we slept to make our body still in warm condition.

On the second day, we had some activities. We, tried to go fishing in the river near the waterfall
but we got a shoe. After that, we packed everything we bought. we cleaned the area

We made a memory by taking photos together in front of a waterfall and then went home
happily. We felt very tired.
 Narrative Text
Social Function: Narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (imaginative narrative
text is a story that aims to entertain people).

Generic Structure of Narrative Text

Orientation: It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are
introduced
Complication: Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution: Where the problems in the story is solved.

Sometimes the arrangement (generic structure) of narrative text can contain: Orientation,
Complication, Evaluation, Resolution and Reorientation. Although the “Evaluation”
and”Reorientation” is optional; may be added, and could not.

Language Features:

1. Past tense (killed, drunk,etc)

2. Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
3. Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
4. Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow
White, Alibaba, etc)
5. Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
6. Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow
White). The direct speech uses present tense.
Model of the text:

True Friends

Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together.
They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised each
other that they would always be together in any case of danger.

Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby tree
at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being led by
his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead man.

The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the
place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on the tree
came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, "Friend, what did the bear whisper into
your ears?" The other friend replied, "Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false friend."

Fox and A Cat

One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature,
boasted how clever she was. 'Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our mutual
enemies, the dogs,' she said.

'I know only one trick to get away from dogs,' said the cat. 'You should teach me some of yours!'

'Well, maybe some day, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler ones,'
replied the fox airily.

Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance. The barking grew louder and
louder - the dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree and
climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog. 'This is the trick I told you about, the
only one I know,' said the cat. 'Which one of your hundred tricks are you going to use?'

The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she could make
up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces.