Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Student: Bianca Mikaela F.

Dosdos
Block: 262

PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY

Brand Name: Osmitrol Generic Name: Mannitol Drug Classification: Diuretic

Dosage, Route & Frequency

Drug-Drug & Drug-Food Side Effects Adverse Reactions (By
Recommende Drug Action Indications Contraindications
Prescribed Interactions (By System) System)
d
IV (Adults):  Increases the Drug-Drug:  IV: Adjunct in the  Hypersensitiv CNS: CNS:
Edema, osmotic hypokalemiaqthe risk of treatment of: ity; Anuria; confusion, headache. confusion, headache.
oliguric renal pressure of the digoxin toxicity Acute oliguric Dehydration;
failure—50– glomerular renal failure, Active EENT: EENT:
100 g as a 5– filtrate, Edema, Increased intracranial blurred vision, rhinitis. blurred vision, rhinitis.
25% solution; thereby intracranial or bleeding;
may precede inhibiting intraocular Severe CV: CV:
with a test reabsorption of pressure, Toxic pulmonary transient volume transient volume
dose of 0.2 water and overdose. GU edema or expansion, chest pain, expansion, chest pain,
g/kg over 3– 5 electrolytes. irrigant During congestion.. HF, pulmonary edema, HF, pulmonary edema,
min. Causes transurethral tachycardia. tachycardia.
Reduction excretion of: procedures (2.5–
ofintracranial/i Water, Sodium, 5% solution GI: GI:
ntraocular Potassium, only). nausea, thirst, nausea, thirst,
pressure— Chloride, vomiting. vomiting.
0.25– 2 g/kg as Calcium,
15– 25% Phosphorus, GU: GU:
solution over Magnesium, renal failure, urinary renal failure, urinary
30– 60 min Urea, Uric acid retention. retention.
(500 mg/kg
may be F and E: F and E:
sufficient in
small or dehydration, dehydration,
debilitated hyperkalemia, hyperkalemia,
patients).Diure hypernatremia, hypernatremia,
sis in drug hypokalemia, hypokalemia,
intoxications— hyponatremia. hyponatremia.
50– 200 g as a Local: phlebitis at IV Local: phlebitis at IV
5– 25% site. site.
solution
titrated to
maintain urine
flow of 100–
500 mL/hr. IV
(Children):
Initial—0.5– 1
g/kg as a 15–
20% solution;
may precede
with a test
dose of 0.2
g/kg over 3– 5
min.
Maintenance
—0.25– 0.5
g/kg q 4– 6
hrs. Reduction
of
intracranial/int
raocular
pressure—1–
2 g/kg (30– 60
g/m2 ) as a
15– 20%
solution over
30– 60 min
(500 mg/kg
may be
sufficient in
small or
debilitated
patients).
Diuresis in
drug
intoxications—
up to 2 g/kg
(60 g/m2 ) as a
5– 10%
solution.
 Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment Patient/Family Teaching
● Monitor vital signs, urine output, CVP, and pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) before ● Explain purpose of therapy to patient.
and hourly throughout administration. Assess patient for signs and symptoms of Evaluation/Desired Outcomes
dehydration (decreased skin turgor, fever, dry skin and mucous membranes, thirst) or ● Urine output of at least 30– 50 mL/hr or an increase in urine output in accordance with parameters set
signs of fluid overload (increased CVP, dyspnea, rales/crackles, edema). by physician.
● Assess patient for anorexia, muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, paresthesia, ● Reduction in intracranial pressure.
confusion, and excessive thirst. Report signs of electrolyte imbalance ● Reduction of intraocular pressure.
Potential Nursing Diagnoses ● Excretion of certain toxic substances.
Excess fluid volume (Indications) ● Irrigation during transurethral prostate resection
Risk for deficient fluid volume (Side Effects)
Implementation
● Observe infusion site frequently for infiltration. Extravasation may cause tissue
irritation and necrosis.
● Do not administer electrolyte-free mannitol solution with blood. If blood must be
administered simultaneously with mannitol, add at least 20 mEq NaCl to each liter of
mannitol.
● Confer with physician regarding placement of an indwelling Foley catheter (except
when used to decrease intraocular pressure).
● IV: Administer by IV infusion undiluted. If solution contains crystals, warm bottle in
hot water and shake vigorously. Do not administer solution in which crystals remain
undissolved. Cool to body temperature. Use an in-line filter for 15%, 20%, and 25%
infusions.

Sources:

https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00742

https://www.rxlist.com/mannitol-iv-drug.htm