SYSTEMATIC TEOLOGY-2

tcef;(2)
or®musrf; ESifh qdik faomMo0g'
The Doctrine of the Bible
1/ tac:ta0:( Different usage and terms of the Bible )
2/ or®musrf;\ thHzG,f&mxl;jcm;csuf( The Significance of the Bible )
3/ zGifhjyjcif;( Revelation )
4/ rIwfoGif;jcif;( Inspiration )
5/ rSm;,Gif;rI vHk;0r&Sdjcif; ( Inerrancy )
6/ pHEIe f;xm;wdkif; wmjcif;( Canonicity )
7/ bmomjyefjcif; ( Translation )
8/ tvif;ay;jcif; ( illumination )
9/ teufj yefjcif; ( Interpretation )

vlom;wdkif;ürdrdwdkU\tawG;tac:ESifhtusifhw&m;rsm;onf cdkifvHkudk;um;avmufaom tajctjrpftay:

wnfrSDvsuf&Sdayonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh or®musrf;onf wpfckwnf;aom tajctjrpfjzpfonf/
taMumif;rSmc&pf,mefwdkU\,HkMunfcsuf? tusifhw&m;? bk&m;ocifESifh qufoG,frIESifh pmwefrm&fewftm;
atmifEkdifa&; (qmvH? 1? 2/ 2wd? 3;15-17/ u? 3;1-6) ponfwkdYonf or®musrf;ü tajcjyKvsuf
&Sdayonf/
xkdYaMumifh or®musrf;ESifhqkdifaom Mo0g'rsm;onf or®musrf;ukd avhvmzwf½I&mü ta&;yg
aMumif;ukdvnf; xif[yfay:vGifaponfomru ykdrkdem;vnfapygonf/

1? tac:ta0:rsm;- Different Usage and Terms of the Bible

u? or®musrf; (Bible)

t*Fvdyftac:ta0:t& (Bible) [laompum;onf *&dpum; (biblion) rS qif;oufvmNyD; pmvdyf

(Roll) okdYr[kwf pmtkyf (Book) [lí t"dyÜg,f&onf/ yk&ykdufpmayrsm;jzpfonfh (vk? 14;17/ 'H? 9;2)
a&S;a[mif;pmayrsm;onf yk&ykdufpmrsm;tay:ü a&;om;xm;ygonf/ (rm? 12;16/ vk? 3;4;20;42/
w? 1;20)/or®musrf;onf ½kd;½kd;pmvdyf? pmtkyfwpfckrQ r[kwfyg/ or®mw&m;ESifhjynfpkHaom xl;jcm;onfh
usrf;pmtkyfjzpfygonf/
c? "r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opfusrf; (The Old and New Testament)

"r®usrf; (Testament) [laompum;\ teuft"dyÜg,frSm y#dnmOf (Covenant) [líxif&Sm;onf/

bk&m;ocifESifh ol\ zefqif;aom vlom;rsm;tMum; xm;&Sdaom y#dnmOfrsm;udk txl;azmfusL;vkdjcif;
jzpfonf/"r®a[mif;usrf;ü*sL;vlrsKd;wkdYESifhywfoufíawGU&Sd&ygonf/"r®opfusrf;ürlc&pfawmf\toufwm
ESifh u,fwifjcif;trItwGuf aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk awGU&Sd&ygonf/
*? usrf;pm (Scripture)

or®musrf;udk usrf;pmawmfjrwf [lívnf; ac:qkdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/ (rm? 12;11/ 15;28/

vk? 4;21/ a,m? 2;22/ a&m? 4;3/ *vm? 4;30/ 2ay? 1;20)/ ueOD;,kHMunfol c&pf,mefwkdYü
þa0g[m&udk ykdrkdí okH;wwfavh&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;vmygonf/ teuft"dyÜg,frSm ]]oefY&Sif;aompmayrsm;}}
[lí txl;jyKazmfusL;xm;aMumif;awGY&Sd&ygonf/
C? ynwådusrf; (The Law)

"r®a[mif;usrf;ü ynwådusrf; (The Book of the Law) (a,m½I? 8;34)arma&S\ ynwådusrf; (The

Law of Moses) (a,m½I? 8;31-32/ ae[? 8;1/)[lí azmfusL;xm;ygonf/

"r®opfusrf;üvnf; xm0&bk&m;\ ynwådusrf; (Law of the Lord) (vk? 2;23)[lí
azmfusL;xm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
i? EIwfuywf awmf (The Word of God)

"r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opfESpfusrf;pvHk;twGuf toHk;jyKxm;NyD; (rm? 7;13/ a&m? 10;17/ 2aum? 2;17/

a[? 4;12/ 1ouf? 2;13) {uefrkcs xl;jcm;ajymifajrmuf jynfhpHkvSayonf/ txl;em;vnfaponfrSm
bk&m;ocif\ OmPfynmawmfESifh cspfjcif;arwåmawmftm; vlom;tay: zGifhqdkaom pum;rsm;yif
jzpfaMumif;aywnf;/
p? bk&m;ocif\ Asm'dwfawmfrsm; (The Oracles of God)

bk&m;ocifay;xm;aom Asm'dwfawmfrsm;udk a&;om;&jcif;jzpfaomaMumifh þodkUvnf;

ac:qdkxm;ayonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uGsEfkyfwdkUtm; ,aeUwdkif ol\ Asm'dwfawmfrsm;tm;jzifh
pum;ajymvsuf aeao;\/ (a&m? 3;2)/
2/ or®musrf;\tHhMozG, f&m xl;jcm;csuf-The Significance of the Bible
u? tjyifyef;½Iaxmif hrS oHk; oyfcsuf (External Significance)

or®musrf;onf pma&;olaygif; (40)OD;wdkU a&;om;xm;onfh usrf;aygif;

(66)usrf;udkpkpnf;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tcsdefumvrSm ESpfaygif; (1500)cefU MumcJhonf/ pma&;olwdkUrSm
ae&ma'otoD;oD;? vlwef;pm;tvTm toD;oD;rS jzpfMuaomfjim;vnf; a&;om;csuftm;vHk;wdkU wlnDaom
&nf&G,fcsuf&SdonfrmS xl;jcm;aom tHhzG,t
f csufyifjzpfonf/
xkwfa0NyD;cJhorQaom pmtkyfrsm;txJüvnf; ta&mif;&toGufqHk;? tkyfa&trsm;qHk;tjzpf
,aeUwdkif pHcsdefwifvsuf &Sdayonf/ ,aeUxdtkyfa& odef;aygif; (2000)ausmf yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhjyD; jzpfonf/
zwf½IavhvmolwdkU\ toufwmudk jyKjyifajymif;vJaponf/ wdk;wufaumif;rGefaponf/
c? twGif; ydkif; ½IaxmifhrS oH k;oyfc suf (Internal Significance)

or®musrf;ü a&;om;xm;aom taMumif;rsm;rSm bk&m; (crnf;awmf? om;awmfa,½Ic&pf?

oefU&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf) tjypf? u,fwifjcif;? aumif;uifwref? pwef? ewfqdk;ESifh tem*wfumv
wdkU\ taMumif;rsm; jynfhpHkpmG azmfjyxm;ygonf/
vlom;wdkU\ jypfrSm;jcif;? azmufjyefjcif;taMumif; jynfhpHkpGm a&;om;xm;ygonf/
¤if;tjyif odyÜHynm&yfESifhqdkifaom urÇmBuD;onf puf0dkif;vHk;jzpfaMumif; (a[&Sm? 40;22)?
urÇmajrBuD;onf tcktcHuif;rJhvsuf vGwfvyfaomv[mü aeaMumif; (a,mb? 26;7)?
rdk;aumif;uifwefqm (Mu,frsm;)wdkUonf ra&wGufEkdifatmifyif rsm;jym;aMumif; (a,? 33;22)?
ud,
k fcE¨mtoufonf taoG;üwnfaMumif; (0wf? 17;11)? bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vHk;wdkUudk
wpfaoG;wnf; zefqif;vsuf cGJa0pDrHaom tcsdefumvudkvnf;aumif;? olwdkU\ ae&mtydkif;tjcm;udk
vnf;aumif; rSwfom;awmfrlaMumif; (w? 17;26) ponfjzifh trsdK;rsdK;aom ynm&yfrsm; awGU&Sd&ayonf/
3? zGifhjyjcif;- Revelation
u? teuft"dy Üg,f (The Definition)

bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkUtwGuf rdr\

d tMuHtpnfawmfrsm; zGifjh yjcif;udk qdkvkdonf/
rlv*&dpum;tm;jzifh Galah (1&m? 3;7? 21/ a[&Sm? 47;32/ 'H? 2;47/ w? 29;29) Apokalupto

(róJ? 16;17/ 1aum? 2;10) Apokalupsia (Asm? 1;1/ {? 3;3/ *vm? 1;12) [lí
toD;oD;awGU&Sd&ayonf/
 or®musrf;\ qdkvdk&if;rSm
(1) r&Sif;vif;aomt&mrsm; &Sif;vif;em;vnfap&ef
(2) zHk;uG,fxm;aomt&mrsm;udk xkwfazmftvif;ay;&ef(3) vlom;wdkUtm; jrif? Mum;?
odem;vnfap&ef wdkUjzpfonf/
zGifhjyjcif;onf vdktyfvSayonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ oabmobm0w&m; onf
vnf;aumif; (a[&Sm? 55;9/ 1wd? 5;15-16)? vl\ oabmobm0w&m;onf vnf;aumif; (1aum?
2;14)? zGifhjyjcif;tm;jzifhomvQif em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifayonf/
bkk&m;ocif\ ESvHk;awmfü&Sdaom tMuHtpnfESifh acwfumvtoD;oD;wdkU\ taMumif;w&m;
rsm;udk zGihfjyjcif;tm;jzifh od&Sdem;vnfEkdifayonf/
c? zGifhj yjcif;ESp frsdK ; (Two kinds of Revelation)

(1) taxGaxGzGifhj yjcif; (General Revelation)

þzGifhjyjcif;onf obm0w&m;tm;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; (a&m? 1;18-21) bk&m;ocifESifh

vlom;wdkU qufoG,f&müaomfvnf;aumif; (a&m? 8;28) pMum0VmwpfckvHk;udk tkyfpdk;
xdef;uGyfjcif; tm;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; (aum? 1;17) od&Sdem;vnfEdkifygonf/ taxGaxG
zGifhjyjcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfonf xif&Sm;íaomfvnf;aumif;? (a&m?1;20) vlom;
wdkUtm; MuHpnfawG;awmapí aomfvnf;aumif;? vlom;wdkUtm; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; tyfay;
jcif;üaomfvnfaumif; (a&m? 1;21-24/a[?11;16)? vlom;wdkUü bk&m;ocifonf r&Sdrjzpf
vdktyfaMumif; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&&SdrSom tm;vHk;wdkUonf jynfhpHkrnf
taMumif;(w? 4;12)? xl;jcm;pGm awGU&SdEdkifygonf/ þ zGifhjyjcif;udk tcsdefwdkif;? ae&mwdki;f ?
vlom;wdkif;ü em;vnfod&SdEkdifayonf/
(2) txl;zGifhj yjcif; (Special Revelation)

þzGifhjyjcif;onf wcsdKUaomvl? wcsdKUaomae&mESihf tcsdew

f dkUwGif awGU&SdEdkifayonf/txl;zGifjh y
jcif;onf ½lyg½kHrsm; (a[&Sm? 1;1? 8/ 16;0)? tdyfrufrsm; (u? 28;10-16)? bk&m;ocif\
toHawmf (r? 3;17/xGuf? 20)? aumif;uifwrefrsm;\ owif;vTm (vk? 1;26-38/ 2;814)
a&;om;xm;aompmrsm; (xGuf? 31;18)? ordkif;aMumif; (1aum? 10;1;-11)? a,½Ic&pfawmf
 (a[? 1;1-2/ a,m? 1;18)ESifh or®musrf; (1a,m? 5;9-13/Asm? 21;18) ponfwdkUtm;jzifh
awGU&SdEkdifygonf/
txl;zGifhjyjcif;\ rSefuefaomtcsufrsm;rSm? jynfhpHrIr&Sdao;jcif; (w? 29;29/ a,m?
20;30)? wdusrSefuefjcif; (a[? 1;1-2)? &nf&G,fcsuf&Sdjcif; (a,m? 20;30-31/ 2wd? 3;15-
17) ponfwdkU jzpfonf/
4? rIwfoGif;jcif;- Inspiration

u? teuft"dy Üg,f (The Definition)

bk&m;ocifonf or®musrf;a&;aom vlom;rsm;tm; tkyfpkd;xdef;csKyfuGyfuJvsuf? rdrdwdkU\

udk,fydkif[efenf;pepfrsm; toHk;jyKum vlom;wdkUtay: bk&m;ocif odapvdkaomt&mrsm;udk pkpnf;vsuf
trSm;vHk;0r&Sda&;om;jyKpkjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/
c? rIwfoGi f;jcif;ESp frsdK ; (Two Kinds of Inspiration)

(1) pum;vHk; wdkif; rIw foGif; jcif; (Verbal Inspiration)

or®musrf;xJ&Sd pum;vHk;wdkif;onf bk&m;ocif\ wlnDpGm rIwfoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlom;onf

rdrdtvdkqE´&Sdonftwdkif; a&;om;xm;jcif; r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\ oefU&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf
or®musrf;&Sd EIwfuywfawmftm;vHk;udk ñTefjyvsuf a&;om;apcJhygonf/ (xGuf? 4;10-15/ 34;27/ awm?
17;2?3/ a[&Sm? 8;1? 11? 12/ a,? 1;7/ 7;27/ 13;12/ 30;1? 2/ 36? 1?2? 4? 11? 27-32/ 1aum?
14;37/ Asm? 2;1? 8)
(2) or®musrf;tm;vHk; rIwfoGif; jcif; (Plenary Inspiration)

2wd? 3;16 ü ]] xdkusrf;pm&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrlaom tm;jzifhjzpfí}} [k

qdkxm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf or®musrf;\ wpfcsdKUwpfydkif;om rIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfyg/ tm;vHk;wlnDrQ
rIwfoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
*? rIwfo Gif;jcif;ESi fhqdk ifonfh rS m;,Gif; aom ,HkMunfrIr sm; (Views on Inspiration)
(1) obm0rIw foGif; jcif; (nature Inspiration)

or®musrf;onf emrnfBuD;aom ueOD;pma&;q&mBuD;rsm; a&;om;jcif;jzpfaMumif;

,HkMunfvufcHMuonf/ xdkodkUqdkaomf rDvfwGef (Milton) ? &SdwfpyD,m;(Shakespeare) ? uGefzl;&Syf
(Confucious) ponfwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk vufcH&vdrfhrnf/
(2) tvif; ay;rIwf oGif; jcif; (Illumination view of Inspiration)

or®musrf; a&;om;jyKpkolwdkUonf ,aeU,HkMunfol c&pf,mefrsm;uJhodkUyif xl;jcm;jcif;

r&Sd[lí ,HMk unfMuonf/
xdkodkU vufcHMurnfqdkygu ,aeUwGifvnf; topfaom or®musrf;pmtkyfrsm;
xyfrHay:xGufvm&ayvdrfhrnf/
(3) puf,EÅ& m;uJho dkU rIwfoGif; jcif; (Machinery Inspiration)

or®musrf;pm a&;om;jyKpkolwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\ yg0ifrIr&SdbJvsuf? puf,EÅ&m;uJhodkU

toHk;jyKcHjcif; oufoufom jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
þodkU ,HkMunfjcif;onf rSefuefonf[k qdkygu uGsEfkyfwdkU\ or®musrf;onf
wpftkyfeSifhwpftkyf pma&;[efonf wpfyHkpHworwfwnf; jzpfoGm;ay;vdrfhrnf/ usrf;a&;ol
toD;oD;wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\ udk,fpD[efrsm;&SdMuaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
(4) wpfpdw fwpfydk if;om rIw foGif; jcif; (Partial Inspiration)

or®musrf;xJ&Sd em;vnfEdkifaom t&mrsm;onfomvQif 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif; jzpfonf[k

,lqMuonf/ þt,l&SdolwdkUü ]]or®musrf;ü EIwfuywfawmfyg&Sdonf}} [k qdk;½kd;pum; &SdMuonf/
(5) pdwfu l;MuHpnfr Irsm; rIw foGif; jcif; (Concept ional Inspiration)

vlom;\ pdwful;MuHpnfrIrsm;udk bk&m;ocifu rIwfoGif;onf[k ,HkMunfMuavonf/

C? rIwfoGi f;jcif;ESif hqdki faom oufaoxlcsuf rsm; (Inspirational Testimonies)

or®musrf;a&;q&mwdkUonf bk&m;ocif\ tkyfpdk;rI? vrf;ñTefrItm;jzifhomvQif

a&;om;xm;Muonf [laom tqdkrSm oHo,&Sdp&myif rvdkacs/ taMumif;rSm or®musrf;ud,
k füuyifvQif
oufaoxlxm;ygonf/
(1) "r®a[mif;usrf; rS oufaoxlcsuf (Old Testament Testimony)

urÇmOD;usrf; yxrtcef;BuD; xJüyifvQif ]]bk&m;ocifu trdefUawmf&Sd}} [laom

pum;udk10)Budrfwdwd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ þuJhodkUaom azmfjyrIrsdK;rsm; jzpfMuonfh
]]xm0&bk&m;rdefUawmfrlonfrSm}} ]]EIwfuywfawmfvmonfrSm}} ponfwdkUonf tBudrfaygif; (3808)wdwd
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
 or®musrf;a&; q&mtm;vHk;wdkUonf bk&m;ocif tvdk&Sdaom pum;rsm;udk a&;om;Mu&mü ]]
xm0&bk&m; rdefUawmfrlonfrSm}} [laom pum;jzifh tpjyKavh&SdMuaMumif;udkvnf; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
(u?1;3?29/ 13;14/xGuf ? 20;22/ w&m;? 6;1/ a,m½I? 1;1-9/ 2&m? 23;1/a,Z? 1;1-
10/a,Z?1;1-3/'H? 12;8-9/a[m?1;1/ rd ? 1;1 /[A?2;2/ aZ? 1;1/Zm?1;1)/
(2)"r®opfusrf;rS oufaoxlc suf (New Testament Testimony)

"r®opfusrf;a&;q&mwdkU\ xl;jcm;aomrSwfom;&rnfhtcsufrSm rIwfoGif;jcif;onf rdrdwdkU

a&;om;xm;aom usrf;pmrsm; omru? "r®a[mif;usrf;wdkUonfvnf; tygt0ifjzpfaMumif;? olwdkU\
a&;om;csufrsm;tm;jzifh oufaoxlxm;ygonf/
2ay? 1;21 ü ]] tem*wdåpum;onf vltvdktm;jzifh jzpfzl;onfr[kwf ? bk&m;ocif\
oefU&SSif;olwdkUonf oefU&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wkdufwGef;awmf0ifjcif;udk cH&í a[majymMu\}}/
1aum? 14;37 ü wrefawmf&Sifaygvk a&;om;xm;onfrSm ]] igonf oifwdkUtm;
a&;íay;vdkufaom pum;wdkUonf bk&m;ocif ynmOfawmfjzpfaMumif;udk ya&mzufjzpfaomol ?
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udk cH&aomol ? rnfonfum; 0efcHygap}} [lí oufaoxlxm;jyefygonf /
þrQru tjcm;aomusrf;ydk'frsm;udkvnf; zwf½Iavhvmygu oufaoxlcsufrsm;pGmwdkUonf
vGefpGmxif&Sm;vSygonf (*vm? 1;11-12?{?3;3-5/ 2ouf? 2;13/2ay? 3;1-3/ 1ay? 1;10-12/1a,m?
5;10? Asm ? 1;10-11? 2;&/22;16? 20)/
5? rSm;,Gif;rI vHk;0r&Sdjcif; Inerrancy

u?oDM oavmf*sDqdkif& m oufaojycsuf (Theological Proof)

rrSm;,GifEdkifaom owif;aumif; (Gospel) onf rSm;,Gif;rIvHk;0uif;aom or®usrf;tay:

tajccHonf/
ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaom c&pfawmfudk or®usrf;tm;jzifhomvQif od&Sdem;vnfEdkifayonf /xdkUaMumifh
or®usrf;ü rSm;,Gif;rI vHk;0r&SdaomaMumifh þ½IaxmifhrS oufaojyEdkifonf/
c?or®usrf; tm;jzifh oufaojycsuf (Biblical Proof)

or®usrf;xJü yg&Sdaomusrf;pum;rsm;onf NyD;jynfhpHkvsuf rSm;,Gif;rI r&SdaMumif; ?

ry,f&rnftaMumif; &Sifa,m[ef? 10;35 ü awGU&Sd&ygonf/
 c&pfawmfudk,füuvnf; or®usrf;&Sd ti,fqHk;aom AdE¨KwpfvHk;onfxdyifvQif
wdusrSefuefaMumif; axmufcH,HkMunfvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&ygonf (r? 5;18 )/
or®usrf;onf bk&m;ocif rIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfonf (2wd? 3;16)/ bk&m;ocifonf
or®w&m;jzpfonf (a,m ? 14;6/ a&m ? 3;4/wd? 1;2)/ xdkUaMumifh w&m;ajzmifhrwfaom bk&m;ocifonf
or®usrf;udk rIwfoGif;&mü trSm;rsm;yg&Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
6? pHEIefx m;wdki f;wmjcif; Canonicity

u? teuft"dy Üg,f (Definition)

Canonicity [laom pum;onf Canon [laom pum;rS aygufzGm;vmjcif;jzpfonf / t"dyÜg,frSm

pHEIefxm;wdkif;wmjcif;[lí od&ayonf/ or®usrf;xH&dS usrf;tm;vHkwdkUonf [kwfrSefaMumif;ESifh
cdkifvHkudk;um;avmufaom usrf; [kwfr[kwf ppfaq;&ef pHEIefxm; wdkif;wmjcif;onf vdktyfayonf/
odkUrSom vufcHEdkifp&m &Sdayonf/
c? pHEIef; xm;wd kif; wm&ef ppfaq;jcif; (Test for Canonicity)

þtcsufESifhywfowfí yxrOD;pGm em;vnf&rnfhtcsufrSm ? trSeftm;jzifh tcsdKUaomusrf;wdkUonf

pHEIef;xm;wdkif;wmppfaq;jcif; rjyKrDuwnf;u pnf;rsOf;t& pHEIef;xm; jynfhrDScJUMuNyD; jzpfonf/ pmawmf?
vdr®maom ausmif;om;rsm;udk oufaojyEdkif&ef ? pmar;yGJajzqdkjcif;tm;jzifhomvQif rnfuJhodkUaom
t&nftcsif;rsdK;&SdaMumif; em;vnfEdkifygonf/
xdkUaMumifh toifawmfaumifpDonf bk&m;ocif\ vrf;jyOD;aqmifrItm;jzifh or®usrf;onf
bk&m;ocif\EIwf*ywfawmftppftrSefjzpfaMumif;pHEIefxm;wdkif;wmppfaq;NyD;aemuftodt
rSw fjyKcJhMu&avonf/
toifawmfaumifpD\ pdppfcsufrsm;rSm -
(1)or®usrf;a&;q&mwdkUonf [kwfrSefaMumif; OD;pGm ppfaq;&ygonf/
(2)or®usrf;xJ&Sd a&;om;csufrsm;onf ppfrSefaom *kPft*Fg &yfrsm;jzpfonfh rIwfoGif;jcif;ESifh
cdkifvHkudk;um;avmufaomusrf; jzpfaMumif; ? taxmuftxm;rsm;&SdaMumif; udk;um;azmfjyEdkifrI &Sdr&Sd
ppfaq;&ygonf/
(3) toif;awmfaumifpD\ pD&ifqHk;jzwfcsufonf vGefpGmta&;BuD;vSayonf/ tpydkif;ü
vltrsm;onf csufcsif;yif vufcHEdkif;jcif;r&SdcJUMuaomfvnf;? aemifwGif toifawmftm;vHk;
vufcHaom usrf;jzpfvmonfrSm txift&Sm;yifjzpfonf/
pHEIefxm;owfrSwfcsuf\ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;t& vufcHEdkifaom (66)tkyfudk ,aeUxd uREkfyfwdkU
vufpGJtoHk;jyKMuonf / usefusrf;tkyfrsm;rSmrl pHEIef\ owfrSwfcsufrrDSaomaMumifh usrf;y,frsm; (

Apocrypha) jzpf&ygonf/ þusrf;y,frsm;udk *sL;vlrsdK:rsm;aomfvnf;aumif;? a,½Ip&pfonfvnf;aumif;

vufcHonfh tpOftvmvnf;r&SdcJUay/
bDpD 5&mpkü {Z& (Ezra) onf "r®a[mif; (39)usrf;udk pkaqmif;twnfjyKonf/ AD 70-

100Jamnia tpnfta0;rs "r®a[mif; (39)usrf;udk vufcHcJhMuonf / AD 397 ü Carthage Council rS

"r®opf(27)usrf;udk vufcHtwnfjyKMuonf/
pHEIef;owfrSwfcsufESifhnDaom or®usrf;onf acwftqufquf vufcHtwnfjyKcJhaMumif;
xif&Sm;vSygonf/a[NAJbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aom "r®a[mifonf Talmud (400-200 B.C)

ay:aomtcsdefrS pí ,aeUxdwdkif vufcHtoHk;jyKavonf/

"r®opfusrf;üvnf; c&pfawmfudk,fwdkifu "r®a[mif;usrf;rS udk;um;axmufxm;azmfjyaMumif;
awGU&Sd&ygonf /usrf;y,f (Apocrypha) rsm;rSmrl þodkUudk;um;axmufxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
txufyg azmfjycsufrsm;udk c&pfawmffay:xGef;csdefü ordkif;ynm&SifBuD; a,m&SJz (Josephus A.D

100) wdkUuvnf; vufcHcJhMuygonf/ ¤if;tjyif ueOD;toif;awmf acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; ?

jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;orm;rsm;? toif;awmf aumifpDrsm; toD;oD;wdkUuvnf; acwftqufquf
vufcHcJhMuonfrSm txift&Sm;yif jzpfavonf/
7?bmomjyefjcif; Translation

or®usrf;udk rlvbmompum;rsm;rS bmompum; toD;oD;odkU xyfqihfbmomjyefqdkaMumif;

awGU&Sd&ygonf/
"r®a[mifusrf;udk a[NAJbmomtm;jzifh OD;pGm a&;om;xm;ygonf/ bDpD 250-100 ü Septuagint

ac: *&dbmompum; ajymaom tD*spfjynf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkUtwGuf a[NAJpmayynm&SifBuD; (72)OD;wdkUu

bmomjyefqdkjcif;udk yxrOD;qHk; aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
 'kwd,bmomjyefusrf;rSm Latin Vulgate (AD -400) jzpfonf/ rlva[NAJ ESifh *&dbmomrS
vufwifbmomodkU Jerome u bmomjyefjcif;jzpfonf/
John Wycliff onf vufwif ( Latin ) bmomrS t*FvdyfbmomodkU 1382 ckwGif jyefqdkcJhonf
/þtvkyfaMumifh owfjzwfjcif; cHcJh&ol jzpfonf/
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh 'kwd, tBudrfbmomjyefolrSm William Tyndale yif jzpfygonf/ 1526 ckwGif
"r®opfusrf;udk tNyD;owf jyefqdkEdkifcJhonf /olonf rlvusrf;rsm;jzpfonfh a[NAJESifh *&dbmomrsm;rS
jyefqdkonf /þbmomjyeftrItwGuf taocHcJh&onf/
1611- ckESpf ü bmomjyefcJhaom King James Version onf ,aeUxdwdkif wdusaumif;rGefaom
bmomjyefqdkjcif;jzpfaMumif; vltrsm;vufcHcJhum vufpGJtoHk;jyKMuavonf/ 1900 ckESpf aemufydkif;wGif
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;aygif; (140)cefU &Sdonfhteuf taumif;qHk;aom bmomjyefusrf;ESpfusrf;rSm-
American Standard Version (1901)ESifh New International Version (1978 ) wdkUjzpfMuonf/
xdkUtjyif urÇmay:&Sd bmompum;aygif; rsm;pGm tm;jzifhvn;ftoD;oD; bmomjyefqdkcJhNyD; jzpfonf/
*? tvif;ay;jcif; Illumination

vlom;onf EIwfuywfawmfudk zwf½I&mü todÓPfyGifhvif;ap&ef bk&m;ocifonf xl;jcm;pGmjzifh

tvif;ay;jcif;udk qdv
k dkonf/
zGifhjyjcif; - bk&m;ocifrS vlom;xHodkU - 1aum ? 2;9-12
rIwfoGif;jcif; - vlrS pmay? yk&ydkuf? puúL- 1aum ? 2;13
tvif;ay;jcif; - usrf;pmtkyfrS ESvHk;om; - 1aum ? 2;14 -16
oefU&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf tvif;ay;aomol jzpfaomaMumifh ,HkMunfolwdkUudk
or®mw&m;odkU vrf;jyydkUaqmifavonf (a,m? 16;12 -15 )/
9? teuft"dy Üg,fzGi fhqdkj cif; Interpretation

or®musrf;\ teuft"dyÜg,fudk ½dk;&Sif;pGm zGifhqdk&ef vdktyfayonf/½dk;&Sif;pGm teuft"dyÜg,f

zGihfqkdjcif;[k qdk&mü atmuffygtcsufrsm;onf t"duta&;BuD;aom tcsufrsm;jzpfonf/
u? o'´genf;ESifh aemufcHordkif;aMumif;wdkUudk em;vnf&rnf/
c? ½dk;&Sif;pGm teufzGifhqdk&mü tvuFmajrmuf usrf;ydk'frsm;udk txl;*½kjyK&rnf ? taMumif;rSm
xdkusrf;ydk'fwdkUonf teuft"dyÜg,fudk av;eufay:vGifaponf/
*? teufzGifhqdk&mü a&SUaemufpum;tquftpyfudk em;vnfoayguf&rnf/
C? zGifhqdkjcif;ESifhywfowfí acwftqufquf wdk;wufajymif;vJaMumif;udkvnf; tNrJowdxm;
oifhayonf?
bk&m;ocifonf ol\tBuHtpnfawmfrsm;udk vlom;wdkUtm; jynfhpHkpGm em;vnfap&ef
wpfcsdefNyD;wpfcsdef wdk;wufajymif;vJaMumif; uREkfyfwkdUawGU&Sd&ygonf/ Oyrm wpfcsdefu
("r®ap\a[mif;cwf) wGifrl cGifhjyKxm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf (1 wd? 4;3) / þuJhodkU
acwftajctaersdK;wGif ajymif;vJwdk;wufjcif;udk tNrJowdxm;&ygrnf/
i? omrefxuf xl;uJaompum; toHk;EIef;rsm;&SdaMumif;udk vnf; vufcH&ygrnf ( Oyrm-
ae0ifaexGuf [laom toHk;tEIef;onf odyÜHynm½laxmifhrS rSm;,Gif;aeaomfvnf; ?
vlwdUk em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifaom toH;k tEIef;jzpfonf)?
p? or®usrf;ü ydkif;jcm;xm;aom tcef;u@rsm;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&ef vdktyfvSayonf/
"r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opfusrf;wdkUudk tydkif;BuD; ESpfydkif;tjzpf em;vnf&ygrnf/
¤if;aemufordkif;aMumif;u@? owif;aumif;u@ ? vufawGUvkyfaqmifcsufu@ ponfjzifh
em;vnf&ygrnf/ tmjA[HESifh jyKvkyfcJhaom y#dnmOf(u?12;1-3)? 'g0d'frif;BuD;udk a&G;EIwfjcif;
?(2&m? tcef;BuD; & )? toif;awmf\ eufeJaomtaMumif;({? 3;6)?ynwfw&m;ESifh
aus;Zl;awmfw&m;wdkU\ uGm[rI(a,m? 1;17/ a&m? 6;14) ponfwdkUudkvnf; em;vnfxm;
&ygrnf/
txufyg azmfjycsufrsm;onf tMurf;zsOf;rQom jzpfNyD; or®musrf;teufudk zGifhqdk&mü
odxm;&rnfh tajccHtcsufrsm; jzpfonf/
txufyg azmfjycsufrsm;onf tMurf;zsOf;rQom jzpfNyD; or®musrf;teufudk zGifhqkd&mü
odxm;&rnfh tajccHtcsufrsm; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;\ teuft"dyÜg,f
em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef þrQESifhazmfjyvkduf&ygonf/