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A number can be expressed in symbols and in words. The ten basic symbols of the decimal
number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The value of a digit depends on their position.
For example: 5 698 123
V. Learning Process:
a) To write numbers in words, pupils can “break” down large numbers into smaller parts.
Example ten thousand, thousands, hundred, tens and ones first. Then join the parts
together.
c) Remind pupils that numbers are read from left to right, the greatest value on the left
to right, the greatest value on the left and the last value on the right.
d) Give examples then ask the pupils to add the numbers altogether to see that they get
the number on the left.
e) Provide more numbers with zeroes in between and write the numbers in words.
In approximation, we simply round off a number. The first digit to be replaced by zero, if this
digit is 5 or more, we round up; otherwise, we round down.
Round off 7 894 675 to the nearest million.
The digit in the hundred thousands place of 7 849 675 is greater than 5. 7 849 765 is closer
to 8 000 000 than to 7 000 000.
V. Learning Process:
a) Review the rules for rounding off a number to the nearest ten and the nearest
hundred.
1. Round off 1853 to the nearest ten. Look at the i.e place-value “ones”. If it is 4
or less, round the number down. If it is 5 or greater, round the number up. The
digit here is 3. So 1853 ≈ 1850 (round to the nearest ten)
2. Round off 1853 to the nearest hundred. Look at the digits i.e place-value “tens”.
If it is 4 or less, round the number down. If it is 5 or greater, round the number
up. The digit here is 5. So 1853 ≈ 1900 ( rounded to the nearest hundred)
3. Round of 1583 to the nearest thousand. Look at the i.e place-value “hundreds”.
If it is 4 less, round the number down. If it is 5 or greater, round the number up.
The digit here is 8 so 1853 ≈ 2 000 (rounded to the nearest thousand)
4. Using these 3 examples of rounding off, repeat with another two 4-digit
numbers.
4 when the two number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4; a number ending
in two zeroes is also divisible by 4
8 when the number formed by the last 3 digits is divisible by 8; a number ending in
three zeroes is also divisible by 8
11 when the difference between the sum of the digits in the odd places and the
sum of the digits in the even places is either 0 or a number that is multiple of 11
b) After the random picking they will discuss the rules. The teacher will assist the pupils so that
they can get the correct process.
c) Each pair will make give examples. They will present the number in front and they will justify
it if it is really divisible.
d) If they got the correct answer the group will be rewarded by the teacher.
e) Each group has a power to ask questions to the presenter. Now if the presenter cannot
answer automatically the group who ask will received additional points.
When a number is divided by its factor, the remainder is 0. The multiple of a number is
obtained by multiplying the number by another whole number other than 0.
The greatest common factor (GCF) of a set of numbers will be less than the number or equal
to one of the numbers. The common factors of two or more numbers are factors of all the given
number, the largest of which is called GCF.
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the smallest number that is
divisible by each of the given number.
V. Learning Process:
a) Refer the class on page 40.
b) Group pupils in pairs and have them compete against each other.
c) Pair all the winning pupils and have them compete one more time.
d) Continue until one students emerges top.
e) Go through the self-checked and give examples. Tell the pupils to tick any of the sentences
that are true in the self-check section. Ask the pupils to raise their hands if any of the
sentences re not ticked and revise the concepts
f) Let the students write what they learned on their journal.
VI. Learning Guide to Students:
denominator. To find the least common denominator (LCD) of two or more denominators, we mean
Rename each
dissimilar fraction to its equivalent fraction using LCD
Add or subtract the numerator and write over the denominator
Simplify the resulting fraction if possible
Read and understand the word problems and use the steps in solving word problems
V. Learning Process:
a) With the class, go through page 64 example 1 to 3.
b) Display each example on the visualizer and explain the steps taken in solving the
word problems.
c) Emphasize and show the workings to explain the following points for each example.
d) To add/subtract related fractions: Convert to similar fractions
e) To convert to similar fractions: multiply both the numerator and denominator by the
same number.
f) To change improper fraction to mixed: split the improper fraction into one proper
fraction and one improper
g) To convert mixed number to improper fraction: Separate the wholes and the proper
fraction, convert the wholes into an improper fraction and then add the proper fraction
and then improper fraction
h) Give more examples so that the pupils will master the steps.
i) Let the pupils write what they learned on their journal.
Memory Verse: “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.” Philippians 4:13
V. Learning Process:
a) Work in pair
b) Make two word problems involving addition or subtraction involving proper fractions or mixed
fractions.
c) The teacher will guide the each pair.
d) Each pair will show their word problems to other classmates and ask them to solve the
problem they made.
e) The teacher will help on how to check the problems
f) Each pair will be given merits and addition point if they problem is correct.
g) Let the pupils write what they learned on their journal.
To multiply a fraction by a whole number, we multiply the numerator by the whole number
and wrote the denominator as it is. Always reduce the answers to the lowest forms or mixed
fractions.
To multiply a whole number by a mixed number, change the mixed number to an
improper fraction, then multiply the whole number by the improper fraction and place the product
over the denominator. Express the final answer in lowest forms or mixed fractions.
To multiply a fraction by another fraction, multiply both the numerators and
denominators. Express the answer in its lowest form, if necessary.
To multiply a fraction and a mixed number, first change the mixed number to an improper
fraction. Multiply both the numerators and both the denominators. Express the answer in its lowest
form.
To multiply mixed numbers, change the mixed number to an improper fraction and then
multiply. Express the answer in its lowest form.
Integrated Value/ Traits: Progression
Memory Verse: “But the word of the Lord continued to grow and to be multiplied.”
– Acts 12:24
V. Learning Process:
a) Illustrate the multiplication of simpler fraction and mixed fraction using manipulative.
b) Show the pupils how to translate the manipulative into drawing of the pictorial model as
shown in the example.
c) The product of can be found pictorially as shown. It be found by calculation. Remind the
pupils to covert the mixed number into an improper fraction before they multiply. Recap
how the conversion is done if pupils have forgotten how to convert a mixed number into
an improper fraction.
d) After conversion, the improper fraction can then be multiplied by the whole number.
Reciprocal numbers are a pair of numbers whose product is 1. For example, 3 is the
1 1
reciprocal of 3
or 3 is reciprocal of 3. To divide a fraction or a mixed number by another fraction or
a mixed number, multiply the dividend by the reciprocal of the divisor.
4 2
For example: Divide: 3 ÷ 5.
4 5 10 1
Solution: x2= = 33
3 3