INDUCTION LOG

INDUCTION LOG CONCEPTS

 The induction log was invented by Henry Doll of Schlumberger and described
in 1947.
 Induction logging was originally developed to measure formation resistivity's
in boreholes containing oil-based muds and in air-drilled boreholes because
electrode devices could not work in these non-conductive boreholes.
 Because the tools were easy to run and required much less in the way of chart
corrections than laterals or normal, induction tools were used in a wide range
of borehole salinity soon after their introduction.
Principal

 Two-coil sonde consists of a transmitter and receiver mounted coaxially on a

mandrel. Typical coil separations range from 1 to 10 ft apart.
 In practice, each coil can consist of from several to 100 or more turns, with
the exact number of turns determined by engineering considerations.
 The operating frequency of commercial induction tools is in the tens to
hundreds of kilohertz range, with 20 kHz being the most commonly used
frequency before 1990.
 The induction transmitter coil is driven by an alternating current that creates
a primary magnetic field around the transmitter coil.
 Factors

 Bore hole size

 Mud cake type and thickness
 Invasion diameter
 Bed thickness and tool resolution
 Depth of investigation

Unit
The unit of induction logging is ohm.
 Applications

 Saturation determination
 Lithology identification
 Source Rock identification
 Locating of hydrocarbon bearing zones
 Determination of shale volume
 Localization of over-pressured zones
 Correlation purposes
 The Induction Gives High Accuracy of
Reading in Low Resistivity Beds

 Due to the use of a conductivity scale, it becomes extremely easy to

differentiate between 0.25 and 0.3 ohms--whereas such readings on the
conventional Electric Log are the width of the trace.
 For example, the difference of resistivity between 8133-40 and 8146-50 is 4
large divisions on the conductivity scale of the Induction Log. This high
accuracy is necessary in high porosity sands where the difference between 0.6
and 0.7 ohms can mean the difference between water and oil production.
The Drilling Fluid has Negligible Influence on
the Induction Log

 The Induction Log, originally designed for oil-base muds, and for cable tool
holes (without fluid in the bore hole) is negligibly affected by the resistivity
of the drilling fluid.
 This has a great advantage because nearly identical logs will be obtained in
muds of 3.00 or 0.3 ohms resistivity; in such cases the electrical logs may
exhibit considerable changes in character.
Induction Log has a "Great Affinity" for Water
Sands

 The two water sands above and below the oil zone are very clearly shown on
the Induction log. This reduces the uncertainty, and, therefore, the number
of side-wall cores required.
 Clean water sands are, therefore, always positively identified.
 Shally sands may also show quite low resistivity's even when oil bearing, and a
very accurate determination of their true resistivity is essential for log
analysis.
 These sands should always be side-wall sampled.
END