204-04-1 Wheel and Tire 204-04-1

Section 204-04 Wheel and Tire

Applicable Model: Boomday

CONTENTS PAGE
Specifications
Specifications ................................................................................................................................ 204-04-2
Descriptions and Operations
Wheel and Tire .............................................................................................................................. 204-04-3
Diagnosis and Testing
Wheel and Tire .............................................................................................................................. 204-04-5
General Procedures
Tire Rotation ................................................................................................................................ 204-04-11
Removal and Installation
Wheel .......................................................................................................................................... 204-04-12
Disassembly and Assembly
Wheel .......................................................................................................................................... 204-04-13

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-2 Wheel and Tire 204-04-2
Specifications

Parameter Specifications

Item KPa
185R14 (2WD)
Front wheel tire pressure 240
Rear wheel tire pressure 450
215/70R15C (2WD)
Front wheel tire pressure 300
Rear wheel tire pressure 375
LT215/75R15
Front wheel tire pressure 250
Rear wheel tire pressure 400

Torque Specifications

Item Nm
Wheel nut - steel wheel 90 ± 10
Wheel nut - aluminum wheel 120 ± 10

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-3 Wheel and Tire
Descriptions and Operations
Wheel and Tire
WARNING: Tires of different models can
not be mixed except for emergencies,
such as radial tire, bias tire, and bias
belted tire, because this will have a strong
impact on the driving stability and may
finally cause the vehicle out of control.
Operation against the instruction may
lead to personal injuries.
The wheels and tires installed by the manufacturer
should undergo design and calculation designed,
and it is necessary to inflate tires according to the
recommended pressure value.
Run-out of wheels and tires
If the radial run-out and axial run-out of wheels
and tires go beyond the specified range, it may
result in rough running, vibration and wheel
wobbling, worn tire and vibration of steering
wheel. Before inspection, avoid only making
rough judgment based on temporary flat spot on
the tire. It is necessary to drive the vehicle for
a certain distance until the tire gets heated and
then measure the run-out value.
Safety precautions
WARNING: If the tire pressure is too low,
it will lead to cracked tire and reverse
vehicle operation; if the pressure is
too high, it will lead to tire blowout and
degraded ground touching performance.
WARNING: When one wheel is off the
ground, it is absolutely prohibited to run the
engine, e.g. at the time of changing tire.
WARNING: The wheel and tire must be
correctly matched. It is very important to
confirm the dimension parameters before
any maintenance operation for any parts.
Operation against the instruction may
lead to personal injuries.
WARNING: Tires sold in the market will
probably not match the vehicle. Using
an unmatched tire may lead to failure
of equipment, and it is only allowed to
use matched tires. Operation against the
instruction may lead to personal injuries.
WA R N I N G : D o n o t u s e s t e e l w o o l ,
grinding cleaners, or strong cleaning
agent to wash the aluminum wheel.
CAUTION: Before removing the valve
core, it is necessary to reduce the air
pressure as far as possible by pushing
t h e v a l v e c o r e p l u n g e r. W h e n a n y
pressure exists, avoid directly facing the
tire with face and any part of the body.
All the inspection and repair for wheels and tires
must comply with the safety precautions.
When dealing with the vehicle tire failure,
remember the principle of “safety first”.
Observation of safety precautions could prevent
fracture damage and even fatal accident.
204-04-3
The wheel must be correctly maintained.
Improper maintenance will impact the service
life of wheels and tires. Inflated tire is potentially
destructive. Careless operation and insufficient
experience may cause the accident.
The requirements of bearing capacity of a vehicle
must be confirmed when the wheels and tires of
the vehicle are assembled. Bear in mind that a
slight weight of the vehicle’s bearing parts (tire,
wheel, shaft, and bearing, etc.) determines the
maximum and safe loading capacity of the vehicle.
WARNING: All independent shafts, wheels,
and tires have their own maximum
weights and expansion ratios. Avoid
using any system parts beyond their
maximum expansion ratios and loading
capacities. Operation against the
instruction may lead to personal injuries.
When the rim and wheel were designed, the
recommended maximum width of the rim may
guarantee the rated load value of the tire when
the tire cooperates with the rim.
WARNING: Misuse, wearing, or leakage
of an inflated tire and wheel is very
dangerous. Many accidents and even
fatal ones are caused by improper
operation of the tire and wheel. The safety
preCAUTIONs narrated in this section is
crucial and must be strictly observed.
WARNING: Severely rusted or cracked tire
is very dangerous. Before removing the
severely rusted or cracked tire from the
vehicle, deflate it first. Operation against
the instruction may lead to personal
injuries.
WA R N I N G : D u r i n g d e f l a t i o n , i t i s
prohibited to stand in front of the wheel.
When the tire is being deflated, keep eyes
away from the valve. Operation against the
instruction may lead to personal injuries.
From the perspective of safety, it is very important
to deflate tires in a correct way. First, reduce air
pressure as far as possible by withholding the valve
core plunger. Before removing or disassembling
the tires from the vehicle, remove the valve core
plunger to deflate the tire thoroughly.
Be cautious when removing tires from the vehicle.
It is necessary to use standard tire removers.
Avoid using temporary substitutive tools to remove
and install tires, which is quite dangerous.
WARNING: Avoid knocking with a steel
hammer; otherwise, it may damage the
rim. It is prohibited to knock the inflating
components. Operation against the
instruction may lead to personal injuries.
WARNING: When lifting the vehicle, it is
necessary to take preventive measures
to avoid any personal injuries or
vehicle damages. Operation against the
instruction may lead to personal injuries.
2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual
204-04-4 Wheel and Tire 204-04-4
Descriptions and Operations

● Stop one axle with a stop dog to prevent any

unexpected movement of the vehicle.
● Use a correct lifting platform.
● Upon the maintenance of rear axle, it is
necessary to lock up the brake system by
hand.
● Upon maintenance of front axle, carry out
parking brake.

WARNING: When inflating a tire, do not

go beyond specified maximum value.
The maximum value depends on tire
dimensions and grades, namely, even the
tire is proved to be over-loaded or over-
inflated, it can not surpass the given
maximum pressure inflation value for
cold tires. It is very important to maintain
unified pressure inflation value, which
may enable every wheel to bear weight
evenly. Operation against the instruction
may lead to personal injuries.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-5 Wheel and Tire
Diagnosis and Testing
Wheel and Tire
Inspection and Confirmation
Road Test
Have maximum performance test over tires to
check whether there is any sign of incorrect
inflation and imbalanced tire. If so, carry out
dynamic balance, rotation, or front suspension
adjustment to the tire.
Correct tire pressure and driving skills have a
significant effect on the service life of the tire.
Extreme driving condition, sudden acceleration
and unnecessary sudden brake will all lead to tire
wearing.
Upon replacement of tires, it is necessary to take
into consideration the following factors:
● Tire dimension
● Speed
● Range of tire load
● Tire structure form
Using tires of other dimension specification
or different structure form will lead to serious
consequences in the following aspects:
● Riding comfort
● Operation stability
● Accuracy of speedometer and odometer
● Minimum ground clearance
● Clearance between the tire and body or
chassis system components
● Axle service life
● Braking effect
A new tire must be used under the following
circumstances:
● Bend
● Crack
● Concave pit
● Severely corrosion
● Air leakage
● Elongated bolt hole
● Excessive lateral or radial run-out
It is mandatory to select tires according to
the sheet of recommended tire specifications
attached along with the vehicle. Big or small
tire will cause damage to the vehicle, impact
its durability, and it is required to adjust the
speedometer. Make sure that the tire dimension and
204-04-5
offset distance accord with the recommended
value of the original tire.
1. Check uneven wearing signs on the tire.
Refer to the following methods to identify
the wearing, and adopt correct maintenance
method in correspondence to symptom.
2. Check the following aspects of tire:
● Kerf
● Stone crush
● Wearing
● Blister
● Inserts
3. The tire tread groove is engraved with tread
wear marks. When the wear mark is obvious,
replace the tire with a new one.
Tire Wear
Tire wearing is usually defined as reduction of
tread depth. Tire tread wearing is caused by
friction when the tire touches road surface. Tread
wearing always goes evenly around the tire
periphery, and the worn trace is crossed with the
tire surface. If the worn trace is inconsistent with
the above, there is abnormal wearing.
Normal Tire Wear
It could be judged as normal tire wear when
tread wears evenly around the tire periphery and
across the tire surface. As there are numerous
factors which may cause tire wear (driving
manner, road surface condition, model variety,
and tire form, etc.), the normal wear mileage can
not be determined. When the tire tread is worn to
the extent that the wear mark exposes, the tire
can not be used any longer.
Abnormal and Incorrect Tire Wear
When the tire peripheral wear is uneven and
the trace is not crossed with the tire surface, it
could be regarded as abnormal and incorrect
tire wearing, which may result in changes in
performance.
Numerous factors could cause abnormal and
incorrect tire wear, including driving manner,
weather condition, road condition, loading and
maintenance status of vehicle. It is very important
to find out the source of tire wear before repair.
2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual
204-04-6 Wheel and Tire 204-04-6
Diagnosis and Testing

Some abnormal and incorrect wear patterns Outer Edge Wear of Tread
always look the same, namely wearing across the
tire tread. Other wear patterns are inconsistent,
and there are different wear marks in the tread
area. Below are seven wearing types listed in the
table. Refer to the following contents to judge the
wear type, and carry out maintenance with proper
processing method based on the symptoms.
Maculosus Tire Wear (uneven wear)

Symmetric Shoulder Wear of Tread

Unilateral Tread Wear

Premature Toe Wear

Partial Tread Wear

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-7 Wheel and Tire 204-04-7

Diagnosis and Testing

Toe Wear

Symptoms List

Symptoms Possible Causes Measures

Maculosus Tread Wear ● Tire or wheel out-of-round ● Repair or replace.
(uneven wear) or deformed.
● Hub or knuckle out-of-round ● Repair or replace.
or deformed.
● Clearance between hub ● Adjust clearance, and replace if
bearing or ball joint . necessary.
● Wheel out of dynamic ● Adjust wheel dynamic balance.
balance.
Unilateral Tread Wear ● Wheel out of dynamic balance. ● Adjust wheel dynamic balance.
● Tire or wheel out-of-round ● Repair or replace.
● Hub or knuckle out-of-round ● Repair or replace.
or deformed.
Partial Tread Wear ● The maculosus wear caused ● Repair or replace.
by sharp brake or sharp start
exaggerates partial wear.
Outer Edge Wear of Tread ● Front wheel camber angle or ● Adjust the front wheel camber angle or
toe-in adjusted improperly. toe-in. Please refer to relevant contents
in Section 204-00.
Repeated sharp turning
● ● Repair or replace.
causes tread edge wear.
Symmetric Shoulder Wear ● Tire or wheel out-of-round ● Repair or replace.
of Tread or deformed.
● Front wheel bearing or ball ● Adjust clearance, and replace if
joint has clearance inside necessary.
Premature Wear of Tread ● Insufficient tire pressure ● Adjust tire pressure
Edge
● Wheel overload ● Rectify when necessary
Toe Wear ● Repeated sharp turning ● Repair or replace
causes wear
● Front wheel camber angle or ● Adjust the front wheel camber angle or
toe-in adjusted improperly toe-in. Please refer to Section 204-00
for more information.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-8 Wheel and Tire 204-04-8
Diagnosis and Testing

Accuracy Testing
Accuracy Testing A: Tire Noise

Testing Conditions Details / Results / Measures

A1: Check wheel installation
Check whether the wheels are installed in place?
Yes
Go to A2.
No
Adjust the wheel installation
A2: Check knuckle bearing and steering linkage
Check whether knuckle bearing and steering linkage
are deformed?
Yes
Replace.
No
Go to A3.
A3: Check suspension retaining bolt
Check whether the suspension retaining bolt gets
loosened?
Yes
Tighten the bolt up to the specified torque.
No
Go to A4.
A4: Check tire pressure

Check whether tire pressure is normal?

Yes
Re-diagnose system failure.
No
Adjust tire pressure.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-9 Wheel and Tire 204-04-9
Diagnosis and Testing

Accuracy Testing B: Tire Overwear or Localized Wear

Testing Conditions Details / Results / Measures

B1: Check tire pressure
Check whether tire pressure meets the requirements?
Yes
Go to B2.
No
Adjust tire pressure.
B2: Check wheel assembly
Check whether the wheel assembly is in place?
Yes
Go to B3
No
Adjust the wheel assembly.
B3: Check hub bearing
Check whether the hub bearing is damaged?
Yes
Replace.
No
Go to B4.
B4: Check the brake system

Check whether the brake system works normally?

Yes
Go to B5.
No
Repair or replace.

B5: Carry out tire rotation

Does the phenomenon disappear after tire rotation?

Yes
Regularly rotate the tires as required.
No
Re-diagnose the system failure.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-10 Wheel and Tire 204-04-10
Diagnosis and Testing

Parts Testing 2 Balance block

Measurement of Wheel Run-Out Position indicated by the wheel
3
balancer
If the measured value exceeds the given range,
the wheel should be replaced.
Lateral run-out = (A+B) / 2
Radial run-out = (C+D) / 2
● 2WD maximum run-out limit: less than 1.2 mm.
● 4WD maximum run-out limit: less than 1.5 mm.

Adjustment of Wheel Dynamic Balance

A wheel balance tester should be used.
If it is tested as unbalanced, a balance block of
the weight the same as the imbalance should be
installed on the wheel rim.
The weight of the balance block on the wheel
can not exceed 170g, and the maximum of the
balance block on one side cannot exceed140g.
Mounting position of the balance block:

Item Description
1 Center line of balance block

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-11 Wheel and Tire 204-04-11
General Procedures

Tire Rotation
ATTENTION: After exchanging the tires, 4. If the radial tire suffers unilateral wear,
adjust the front wheel pressure and rear exchange according to the drawings.
wheel pressure, and tighten the wheel
nuts up to the specified torque.
1. When the dimensions of the front wheel
and rear wheel are different, exchange the
front wheels on both sides, and exchange
the rear wheels according to the drawings.

2. When the dimensions of the front wheel

and rear wheel are the same, exchange the
tires according to the drawings.

3. If it is radial tire, exchange the front tire and

rear tire on the same side.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-12 Wheel and Tire 204-04-12
Removal and Installation

Wheel
Removal 5. If it is equipped, install wheel decoration cap.
CAUTION: Never loosen any stuck wheel
nut by way of heating. Heating will cause
damage to the wheel and hub.
CAUTION: Never loosen the stuck hub
through heating. Heating may damage the
wheel and hub.
1. If it is equipped, remove the wheel cap.
2. Loosen the wheel nuts.
3. Put the vehicle to the neutral gear, and
place it on the lift.
Refer to Section 100-02 for more information.
4. Remove the wheel nuts, and detach the
wheels and tires.
Installation
WARNING: Clear any corrosion or dirt on
the wheel, hub, or brake mounting face.
The corrosion or dirt on the mounting
face may result in loosened wheel nuts
or separated wheel during the vehicle
running.
1. Position the wheels and tires.
2. Tighten the wheel nuts by hand.
3. Lower the vehicle.
4. Tighten the wheel nuts up in the graphical
sequence.
● For vehicles equipped with steel wheels,
tighten them up to 90 ± 10 Nm.
● For vehicles equipped with aluminum
wheels, tighten them up to 120 ± 10 Nm.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual

204-04-13 Wheel and Tire 204-04-13
Disassembly and Assembly

Wheel

Item Description
1 Tire
2 Rim and spoke
3 Valve core

Disassembly and Assembly

1. Remove the wheels.
Refer to this section for more information.
2. Deflate tire pressure.
3. Remove the valve core.
Pull out the valve core with pliers. Apply a small
amount of grease on the valve core during
installation.
4. Remove the tires on tire remover.
5. For installation, reverse the removal procedures.

ATTENTION: When assembling tires,

apply a small amount of water on the
contact surface of the tire edge and rim
for the convenience of tire assembly.
6. Inflate air pressure within the prescribed
range.

2011 Boomday & Boarding Workshop manual