Towards the Establishment of the Brian Shiro1, Stuart Koyanagi1, Paul Okubo2, Cecily Wolfe3, William Savage4, David

Brian Shiro1, Stuart Koyanagi1, Paul Okubo2, Cecily Wolfe3, William Savage4, David Wilson2 07-367
SSA Meeting 2007

Hawai`i Integrated Seismic Network (HISN)

1. NOAA Pacific Tsunami Warning Center; 91-270 Fort Weaver Rd; `Ewa Beach; HI 96706 USA; email: brian.shiro@noaa.gov, stuart.koyanagi@noaa.gov
2. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory; PO Box 51; Hawai`i National Park; HI 96718 USA; email: pokubo@usgs.gov, dwilson@usgs.gov
3. University of Hawai`i at Mānoa; 1680 East West Rd; POST 819A; Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; email: cecily@soest.hawaii.edu
4. USGS National Strong-Motion Project; 345 Middlefield Rd, MS-977; Menlo Park, CA 94025; email: wusavage@usgs.gov

Overview Hazards Improved Capabilities Milestones

-160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚ -160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚
A primary objective of the HISN is improved statewide coordination of seismic network The devastating December 2004 MW9.3 Sumatran earthquake and tsunami (Stein and Okal, 2007), along with the damaging October 2006
operations in order to distribute timely, accurate, and consistent earthquake information. MW6.7 Kīholo Bay and MW6.0 Māhukona, Hawai`i earthquakes, have underscored the need for upgraded and coordinated monitoring and
Pre-HISN Seismic Stations Broadband
Short Period
Left: Today, there are 8 KAUA`I
Cooperative station siting, establishment of data sharing and processing standards, and reporting capabilities for local earthquakes and tsunamis in Hawai`i. These recent events have spurred ongoing efforts to upgrade and
broadband, 38 strong-motion, and 40
well-defined procedures for earthquake reporting are all critical to an effective HISN. Resource expand Hawai`i’s existing seismic networks.
Strong Motion
22˚ 22˚ leveraging and implemetation of common practices will provide focus to the currently diverse
54 short-period stations in Improved Coverage
100 km NI`IHAU
Hawai`i. The planned HISN will 22˚ Lihue 22˚ seismic monitoring efforts in Hawai`i. Realtime waveform data will be freely exchanged Through the President’s 2005 Tsunami Supplemental Authorization, Congress awarded approximately $1 millon to NOAA in order to
USGS-HVO
CREsT increase the number of 40
30
among HISN members, and it will be archived by a data center such as the IRIS Data provide important and critical upgrades to the seismic monitoring and warning systems in Hawai`i. This prompted PTWC to begin
broadband and strong-motion O`AHU Management Center (DMC). undertaking a major expansion and upgrade of its seismic network in consultation with its USGS seismic network partners. To date, PTWC

40
NOAA-PTWC
30
IRIS sites to 17 and 62, respectively. has purchased equipment for 12 broadband and 27 strong motions stations. It has installed 8 of the 27 planned strong motion stations
GEOFON
Broadband Strong Motion Short Period
USGS-NSMP
30 The completed HISN will lead to new and improved products and generate interest in a variety More Real Time Data Higher Quality Data and will soon install 3 of the 12 planned broadband stations. 4 other broadband stations are currently operating at temporary sites.

30
USGS-HVO 1 2 43
21˚ CREST 3 3 0 21˚ Several agencies currently operate Honolulu of research topics. The operational missions of the USGS, PTWC, and NSMP stand to benefit
NOAA-PTWC 1 0 11
IRIS
GEOFON
2
1
0
0
0
0
seismic stations in Hawai`i to MOLOKA`I from the improved station coverage and high quality data transmission the HISN affords, Following the October 2006 Kīholo Bay earthquake, NSMP made station upgrades on Hawai`i and Maui higher priorities As a result, it has
7 6
USGS-NSMP 0
8
33
38
0
54
accomplish their respective while ready access to the HISN's archived data will encourage collaborative studies and lead to upgraded 7 sites from analog to digital recording and will soon have dial-up or better data access at 11 stations that previously had only
missions: MAUI a better understanding of Hawai`i's earthquake, volcanic, and tsunami hazards. on-site film recording. A data-driven ShakeMap will depend critically on these stations.
21˚ 21˚
60

• The USGS Hawaiian Volcano

30
20
Kahului
50
Observatory (HVO) operates 20 LĀNA`I Haleakalā

ANSS, CISN formed

Sumatra EQ & Tsunami

Kīholo
Bay EQ

Today
20˚ 20˚
Number of Stations

3
40
a 43-station short period PTWC Planning

20
seismic network to Seismicity of Hawai`i: 1861-2006 (mag ≥4.0)
KAHO`OLAWE
Operational: -158˚ -157˚  -156˚  -155˚ 
30
Earthquake 4 Site Selection & Permitting
characterize volcanic and Magnitude
Volcano (active or dormant)
HAWAI`I
20
earthquake activity, primarily 8.0
6.0
4.0
Tsunami Travel Time (minutes)
Major City
10
• Improved detection, location, and characterization of USGS ShakeMap : HAWAII REGION, HAWAII Station Installation
beneath the island of Hawai`i. Kohala
10 seismicity, especially outside of the Big Island of Hawai`i

30
Sun Oct 15, 2006 17:07:48 GMT M 6.7 N19.88 W155.94 Depth: 38.9km
• 0 50 100 km
• 22˚  22˚ 

20
19˚ 19˚ The USGS National Strong- 20˚ 20˚
Tsunami warnings issued in 1-2 minutes (rather than 4-5 Data Handling & Integration

10
0
Significant Earthquakes and Tsunamis
1 1868/03/28 7.0 Ka`u Mauna Map Version 14 Processed Wed Oct 25, 2006 01:17:30 PM MDT
Broadband Strong Motion Short Period
Motion Project (NSMP) Kea
USGS-HVO CREST NOAA-PTWC IRIS GEOFON USGS-NSMP
2
3
4
1868/04/02
1871/02/19
1895/12/08
7.9
6.8
5.8
Ka`u (tsunami - 46 dead)
Lana`I
O`ahu
12 9 minutes today)
Network Operators operates 33 accelerographs
statewide to acquire on-scale
5
6
7
1929/09/25
1938/01/22
1948/06/28
6.2
6.8
5.2
Hualalai
Maui
Honolulu
Kona 5
Hualālai Hilo
• ShakeMaps from continuous strong-motion data
Post-Kīholo Bay NSMP Upgrades

10
-160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚
8
9
1951/08/21
1973/04/26
6.9
6.2
Kona
Honomu augmented by dial-up data Operation & Maintenance
records of strong shaking. 12 10 1975/11/29 7.6 Kalapana (tsunami - 2 dead)

•
11 1983/11/16 6.7 Kao`iki 8 Kīlauea
stations on the island of
12 2006/10/15 6.7 Kīholo Bay
Notes: The catalog is complete from about 1960 onwards. The epicentral locations for events before
Alika 1 & 2
landslides
Mauna
Loa
11 Utilization of newer and more robust magnitude estimation 21˚  21˚ 
1950 are only approximate. A few late 19th Century events have not been plotted because of great 10 methodologies 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

30
+ 12 new PTWC Broadband+Strong Motion Hawai`i transmit data by uncertainties in their locations. Locations, magnitudes, and depths of some older events have been

10
•

20
Above: Progress timeline for new HISN station installations
adjusted to match contemporary descriptions of shaking.

+ 15 new PTWC Strong Motion dial-up telemetry. Sources:

• ANSS, Northern California Earthquake Data Center, Advanced National Seismic System composite 1
2 Rapid source modeling from broadband and strong
• motion data
earthquake catalog (data sources: USGS Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory, National Earthquake
+ up to 12 NSMP Strong Motion upgraded to real time (R) The NOAA Pacific Tsunami 19˚
Information Center), http://www.ncedc.org/anss, accessed 2006.
• Cox, D.C., Earthquakes felt on Oahu, Hawai`i, and their intensities, Environmental Center, 19˚

Warning Center (PTWC)

University of Hawai`i, 1986.
• Klein, F. and T.L. Wright, Catalog of Hawaiian earthquakes, 1823-1959, USGS Prof. Paper 1623, 2000.
• Nettles, M. and G. Elström, Long-period source characteristics of the 1975 Kalapana earthquake,
Lō`ihi
• Improved coverage for seismic monitoring of Hawaiian
operates an 11-station low Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94, 422-429, 2004.
volcanoes 20˚  20˚ 
• Wyss, M. and R.Y. Koyanagi, Seismic gaps in Hawai`i. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82, 1373-1387, 1992.
-160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚
gain short seismic network Bathymetry and topography complied by Nathan Becker from NGDC, USGS, and University
of Hawai`i sources. Earthquake catalog compiled by Gerard Fryer.

HISN Seismic Stations Broadband

Short Period
coupled with sea level gauges
in order to detect -160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚
Research: HISN Goals
22˚ Strong Motion 22˚
tsunamigenic earthquakes
and provide warnings to the • Better characterization of velocity structure and 19˚ 
19  19 
Interim Goals:
• Build and operate a comprehensive, reliable, and robust
-160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚

100 km attenuation models from studies of surface wave dispersion km

• Formalize and adopt organizational agreements for HISN.
16
%g

State of Hawai`i.
Existing Sta.
• 0 50 100 statewide system to record earthquake ground motions
22˚ 22˚ 200

• Analysis of strong motion data to improve earthquake

18
100
New HISN Sta. Consolidated Reporting of over the relevant ranges of frequencies and shaking levels. • Develop HISN Strategic Plan via an HISN Advisory Committee.
20
80

Earthquakes and Tsunamis

28
30 60
engineering practice and building codes

25
35

• • Produce and distribute robust, reliable, and consistent

40

-158˚ -157˚  -156˚  -155˚ 

• Install new or upgraded stations to achieve improvements to
37

(CREsT) is a cooperative effort 21˚ 21˚ 30

Waveform inversion and moment tensor studies of

20
6 8 10 12 14 16

18
4 H 25
H
Broadband Strong Motion Short Period 37

25
earthquakes
L H
PERCEIVED Not felt Weak Light Moderate Strong Very strong Severe Violent Extreme information about earthquakes rapidly after their
20
between the USGS and NOAA

38
USGS-HVO 1 2 43
SHAKING
21˚ CREST 3 3 0 21˚ 18
seismic network bandwidth and dynamic range.
•
POTENTIAL DAMAGE
40

none none none V. Light Light Moderate Moderate/Heavy Heavy V. Heavy

10 24 11
occurrence for emergency response and public
16
NOAA-PTWC
2 0 0 in order to improve access to 50 28

Studies of volcanic tremor using broadband data Resistant Structures

• Build and improve data infrastructure among core network

IRIS 20˚
60
20˚
14
POTENTIAL DAMAGE
GEOFON 1 1 0 none none none Light Moderate Moderate/Heavy Heavy V. Heavy V. Heavy

• information.
12
Vulnerable Structures
USGS-NSMP 0 32 0 quality seismic data in 80
1 00 10
Passive seismic tomography with ambient noise PEAK ACC.(%g) <.17 .17-1.4 1.4-3.9 3.9-9.2 9.2-18 18-34 34-65 65-124 >124
17 62 54 Horizontal Ground Acceleration (%g)
tsunamigenic areas. There are
8
operations centers – including the USGS NEIC - and archive data

12 1
R

• • Create and/or contribute to an easily accessible,

With 2% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years

5 50
6
PEAK VEL.(cm/s) <0.1 0.1-1.1 1.1-3.4 3.4-8.1 8.1-16 16-31 31-60 60-116 >116
60 3 CREsT stations on the 19˚
Firm Rock - 760 m/sec shear wave velocity
km U.S. Geological Survey
H

17
5
19˚
4
Characterization of ocean-generated microseisms and ESTIMATED
I II-III IV V VI VII VIII IX X+ centers.
2
INTENSITY
relationship with shore wave height comprehensive archive of Hawai`i seismic data and
National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project
0 50 100 Based on: Klein, et al., BSSA ,91, 479-498, 2001. 0
Big Island of Hawai`i.
50

• information - including waveform data and derived • Establish appropriate levels of redundancies in data acquisition,
• Long-term data for array study of Hawaiian plume, lower Above: ShakeMap for the 2006/10/15 Kīholo Bay
-160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚

20˚ 20˚ The Incorporated Research

R
Tsunami Inundation Model in Honolulu Seismic Hazard Map for Hawai`i Lava Flow Hazard Zones on Hawai`i earthquake with Harvard CMT superimposed. products - for engineering and geophysical applications processing, and posting at core network operations centers.
Number of Stations

40
R
Institutions for Seismology mantle, and core-mantle boundary structure
R
and research.
30
R
(IRIS) operates 2 Global
20 R R R
Seismic Network (GSN)
R

stations in Hawai`i.

19˚
10

R
R

19˚
• Germany’s global GEOFON
0
Broadband Strong Motion Short Period
R
network operates 1 station
USGS-HVO CREST NOAA-PTWC IRIS
Network Operators
GEOFON USGS-NSMP on Maui.
Broadband Site Selection Incoming Power options:
• A/C
Outgoing Transmission options:
• DSL internet
Organizational Plan Core Members:
-160˚ -159˚ -158˚ -157˚ -156˚ -155˚
• solar (if not using satellite) • digital radio (yagi antenna)
• satellite internet (1.8 m dish) • USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Following the example provided by the California Integrated • NOAA Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC)
Existing caves, bunkers, and tunnels are preferred NI
C
AN
O
D ATM SPHER
IC
Seismic Network (CISN), the seismic network partners in • USGS National Strong-Motion Project (NSMP)
New Equipment:

AD
EA

MI
NATIONAL OC
Hawai`i are working to establish the Hawai`i Integrated

NIS
TRATION
sites due to their insulatng properties. When such dirt mound

CE
U .S

ER
EP

.D
AR O MM
T ME
NT O F C
28”

structures are unavailable, a vault similar to those plastic tarp

Marmot
Seismic Network (HISN) to effectively and efficiently achieve
The Hawai`i Integrated Seismic Network (HISN) will provide a statewide
resource for tsunami, earthquake, and volcanic warnings and notifications • 12 Streckeisen STS-2 broadband seismometers, in use by the USARRAY Transportable Array will be
culvert lid
Q330
+

battery
-

their respective monitoring and reporting goals: Founding Members:

• State of Hawai`i
PVC pipe

and a research resource to the scientific community. Through new Episensor accelerometers, Quanterra Q330 constructed (see right). To minimize ocean noise,
foam disk

EMPAC barrel
concrete

40”

cooperative agreements with partners, the enhanced seismic network is digitizers, and Marmot field computers with sites are chosen as far inland as possible. foam disk Coordinate and integrate among the separate seismic • USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC)
Antelope software concrete pavers (for weight) monitoring efforts in Hawai`i to operate as a multi-purpose
corrugated culvert

being designed to ensure maximum benefit to all stakeholders.

foam wraparound

foam wraparound
•
approx. 54”

15 Metrozet accelerometers and NetDas Power and communications are also important
inverted inner barrel
statewide seismic monitoring system and a single regional
Stations will be sited on all major islands to optimize coverage and provide digitizers (some with Geotech S-13 short period factors in site selection. Preferred sites have both
sand-filled cylinder
earthquake reporting entity; Participating Members:
on-scale recordings for any Hawaiian earthquake. The 12 new broadband seismometers) AC power and access to the internet (DSL, VSAT, ES-T
STS-2
• GEOFON
• digital radio). If a station must be operated on Provide the organizational framework for the coordinated
• IRIS Global Seismic Network (GSN)
dirt
stations will be built to ANSS (Advanced National Seismic System) standards, continuous digital communications for up to 12 concrete

solar power, telemetry options are more limited.

rock
seismic monitoring in Hawai`i;
and many NSMP stations will be upgraded to digital real time
• University of Hawai`i Department of Civil Engineering
plastic membrane
existing NSMP stations; NSMP will convert all 48”
Above: The new broadband station near Kekaha, Above: The new broadband Above: The new broadband station near `Ōpana
communications. HVO plans to upgrade seismic network software to other stations state-wide to digital K2 or Etna
produce improved earthquake notification products. accelerographs with dial-up telemetry to
Above: With guidance from the USGS and IRIS, PTWC has Kaua`i. The manmade cave was formerly used for station at Haleakalā National O`ahu. This facilty formerly housed a PTWC short Function as the Hawai`i regional presence in the USGS • University of Hawai`i Infrasound Laboratory (ISLA)
explosives storage Park, Maui. This facility period station and has recently been refurbished.
improve rapid ShakeMap production.
designed a broadband station vault that comforms to ANSS
formerly housed HVO seismic
Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). • University of Hawai`i Institute of Geophysics & Planetology (HIGP)
design standards.
equipment.