Enid es FUNDAMENTALS OF THEORY, DESIGN AND OPERATION Klause HiineckeThis ein first published in 1997 by Motorbooks International Publishers 8 Volesaes, 729 Prospoct venue, POBox 1, Osseo, WI S430 USA 4 npesson 2003 1 1997 Kins Huensske Previously published by Aiefe Publishing Li Shrewsbury, Enel “This ean upd eton of Frugiiclverte~ Ive Telit wad Pedton by Klaus Hoencck, Fist published ia Germany in 1987 ky Matorbach Vera, Sti. All eight oserved With the exception of quoting bo passages fo the borpose of review no pr oft publication ry be epaced Wino Pro wniten permision Hm the Publisher “Motorbooks international isa ceri wademath ester wit the Une Sises Patent tie “The information inthis bok er and complete t he Best of ou Inowlodue All ecommendstons are made thou any varie on the [uta ds auth or publisher, who ale dclm an Hab someon Ww he use of his dia or spectc deals We recognize tat some words, model names snd designations. for example, ‘meniona hee are the propery ofthe tadermar hier We ase tha oe ‘Mnifiation purposes omy. This 91 an fc pubicaton “Motorbooks International books a also ansible at count in bulk "juni for indus or calespromotonal se For deals wrt Special ‘Ses Manager athe Polisher ress Libary of Congress Catalogng-in-Pblcaton Data Avail, ISBN 0-7403.0459-9 Pring and bound ia Great Briain by Bids Lid, swe hdl co ak Preface “This book i concerned with one ofthe most fascinating machines of modem times the gas turbine ato-ongins. Gas turbine technology is ported to provide concise, well-founded survey of thisinteresting Feld of aeronautical engineering, dealing not only with all relevant “cgine components, but also alressing problems of airlrame-engine intearation, both for subsonic transports and supersons fighters. ‘Material for this book was gathered from distinguished sources troughout the work Ast of engine main datas given in the “anpendit to make the book also useful as a work of reference This book is intended primarily for those who wish to broaden their ‘knowledge about turbine engine technology andthe associated prob: lems, The book is likewise sited to engineers inthe shops, personnel of aines and armed forees, and undergraduate studentsin support of thei training Klaus HuenockeAcknowledgements “The material of ths book was collected from numerous distinguished sourvss throughout the world, I would like to express my sincote srt itude to the following institutions (even ifnames may have changed in the meantime): AlliedSignal Ine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA “The Bocing Company, Seattle, Wash, USA, General Elctrie Airraft Engines, Evendale, Ohio, USA Lockneed Fort Worth, Texas, USA Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, Maryland, USA ‘McDonnell Douglas Corp, St Louis. Miss, USA Northrop Corp, Los Angeles, Calif, USA Rolls-Royce pl, 65 Buckingham Gate, London, UK Saab Scania AB, Linkiping, Sweden Turbo-Union Ltd, Bristol, UK, United Technologies Prat && Whitney, E Harton, Conn, USA Volvo Aero Corp, Trollhattan, Sweden {am particulaey grateful to che following persons: Donald D. Archer (Boeing Flight Test), Waller A. Barron (Grumman), Willa A. Schoncberger (Northrop), Erwin HL. Sshuldt land Alexa Oerel (Geoeral Eectrs, Germany), Volker Otto (Garret, rast Simon (Deutsche Lufthans. Kiaus Huewrexe Contents 2 Turbine aircraft propulsion LL History 12 Engine clasication 121 Turbojt engines 122 Turboprop engines 123. Turbotan engines 23.1 Low bypuss-rtio turbofan engines 1232. High bypase-ratio turbofan engines 124 Turboshaft engines 12° Engine tation designation Jet engine fundamentals, Gascharactenstes Engine syle Thre Basie laws in ud dynamics Types oF Now Streaming and sreamtube ‘Conservation of mater ‘Conservation af energy Engine performance parameters Systems of units Air intakes Subsonic intakes Supersonic lows ‘Speed of sound and Mach number Pressure waves in air ‘Compression shock Supersonic fw over wedge and cone Supersonic air intakes Intake configuration and operation Supersonic intakes ~case studies ‘The Compressor 441 Compressor performance parameters 42 Compressor types 42.1 Centntuga compressor a