THE

^CHID WORLD
Monthly Illustrated Journal entirely devoted
to Orchidology.

EDITED BY

GURNEY WILSON, F.LS.,

Member of the Scientific and Orchid Committees of the

Royal Horticultural Society.

VOL. V.

With many Illustrations.

HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX.

1915.
 NORMAN & CO.,

PRINTERS,
57A, COLEMAN STREET, LONDON,
 THE
ORCHID WORLD
OCTOBER, 1914.

NOTES.
An Albino Result. — It is of interest to yield plenty of their singular flower-spikes.
record the flowering of a pure white Cattleya A loamy soil where moisture is not over
Gaskelliana raised by Messrs. Charlesworth abundant appears to give satisfactory results.
and Co. from two albino parents. Other
-iJ -i^
seedUngs from this same seed-pod show shght
liurple tints. —
Flowers in Season. From the collection
U ^ U of Mr. W. H. St. Qumtm, Rillington, York,
IS sent a flower of Cattleya Cappei delicata, a
Rapid Growth. —Messrs. Hassall and Co., pleasing hybrid obtained by crossing C.
Southgate, have achieved a noteworthy Schroderae with C. Trianas delicata. From
success by flowering a Cattleya seedling Mr. H. S. Goodson's noted collection at
between iridescens and aurea compara- in the Putney two grand varieties of Cattleya Ins
tively short time of three years and four arrived m fine condition, one of which bears
months, this period being reckoned from the the varietal name inversa, in allusion to the
sowing of the seed to the opening of the first singular manner m
which the margins of the
flower. This hybrid has recently been petals are formed
in an incurved manner.
recorded as C. Sybil. Also a flower of Cattleya Harrisoniana var.
H. S. Goodson, which is remarkable for the
si 1^ S| dark purple spotting on the back of the
sepals and petals.
.SpIRANTHES AUTUMNALIS. — This small,
|S 'ii
but nevertheless pretty British Orchid has
lately been producing its fragrant flowers in Orchids at Bound Brook, N.J., U.S.A.
many parts of the country. From the oblong — Orchids for the cut-flower trade are
or cylindrical tubers springs a tuft of rather extensively cultivated by Mr. Thomas Young,
small oval leaves rarely more than an inch in Junr., Beechwood Heights Nurseries, Bound
length. Alongside the centre of the plant Brook. The collection of Cattleyas numbers
rises the flower stem to a height of about six about 150,000 plants, and it is of interest to
inches, the individual blooms being arranged note that attention is now being
paid to
in a single row of spiral formation. This Phalaenopses and hybrid Odontoglossums, a
species is often known as the Common considerable quantity of which have alread\-
.Spir;nith, or Lady's Tresses, and although the been included in the stock. Mr. Geo. I'Anson,
white flowers are fairly noticeable a magni- who England some short time ago and
left
fying glass IS necessary to discern their exact accepted an engagement with Messrs. Roehrs,
structure. If a few plants are carefully of Rutherford, has relinquished that post in
removed to a selected spot in the garden they order to occupy a similar position with Mr.
will increase in size and number as well as Thomas Young, Junr., at Bound Brook.

VOL. V.
I
2 THE ORClllU WORLD. [OclobLT, 1914-

Cattleya Leopoldii alba. This well-— that " this difference is due to the fact that
known species, sometimes spoken of as a 111the home-raised plant L. purpurata was
variety of C. guttata, yet quite distinct, comes the pollen parent. It may have been the

from the province of Santa Cathariiia, in reverse m the case of the wild forms, or they
South Brazil, whence it was introduced m were probably seedlings from wild L.-C
1850 by M. Verschaffelt, of Ghent, and elegans crossed with similar ones m their own
dedicated to Leopold I., King of the Belgians. district, and tending to lose the original L.
A very distinct variety has recently been purjDurata influence m successive genera-
exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons under tions, for it seems to have become practically
the name alba, a term which has been rather a species occurring in quantity."
too generally aj^plied to all varieties in which
the purple pigment is eliminated, yet for want ^ U
of a better definition it is allowed to remain.
This variety has bright yellowish-green sepals
Onciuium Ballii. —
During the year igo8
a pretty Oncidium appeared in the collection
and petals, entirely devoid of spotting, while
of Mr. G. Shorland Ball, who, unfortunately,
the infolded lateral lobes and the middle lobe
had no knowledge concerning its origin or
of the labellum are pure white. The flower
how it entered his houses. Part of the plant
is certainly a true albino of its kind, and a
was 111 1909 presented to the Royal Gardens,
very interesting discovery.
Kew, where it flowered in September of the
following year, and was described in the Kew
U 1^
Bulletin, 19 10, p. 371, under the name On.
At the disposal of Mr. Ball's collection
L.elio-Cattleya ELEGANS. — For upwards Ballii.

the remaining plant, probably the only other

of half a century L.-C. elegans was regarded
one in cultivation, was purchased by Mr. A.
as a valuable and, one might say, historic
Grant, of Rugby House, Cleethorpes. It has
plant, and during that period considerable
since grown well and this autumn has
attention was devoted to it. The two parents,
produced four flower-spikes, erect in style,
L. purpurata and C. Leopoldu, grow naturally
comparatively dwarf, but carrying numerous
in the same locality and have been frequently
bright yellow flowers, the sepals and petals
imported together, consequently it appeared
marked with a few brownish lines, the lip
practically certain that L.-C. elegans, display-
having one crimson-brown blotch.
ing the characteristics of both species, could
be nothing else than a hybrid between them. % \%
The point was definitely settled m August,
igii, when Mr. Eustace F. Clark, of Salep. — In days long since past the dried
Evershot, Dorset, flowered a hybrid raised by tubercles of several species of Orchis, more
crossing C. Leopoldii with L. purpurata, and especially O. mascula, were much used for the
which proved identical with L.-C. elegans. A preparation of salep, which contains bassorin
fine variety of L. purpurata was in this case and a little starch, and possesses similar
used, hence the result is superior in size and properties to those of other amylaceous
colour to the naturally produced forms, which substances. Dr. W. Titford, in his
J.
probably result from the intercrossing of " Sketches towards a Hortus Botanicus
ordinary varieties. The extensive petals are Americanus, 1812," states that it contains a
comparatively Inroad and of rich rose-purple, great quantity of nourishment in a small
the broad and flat lip being crimson-purple bulk one ounce of this powder and one
;

with well-defined veining. The name ounce of portable soup, with two quarts of
Chamonix variety has been applied to this boiling water, might, in case of necessity, be
particular which is considerably
seedling, sufficient nourishment for one man for a day,
superior to two wild forms of the same also and should therefore be always carried on
received from the owner. Mr. Clark suggests shipboard to prevent a famine at sea.
 —

October, 1914-] 'rHi<: ()Kc:iiii) wori-d. 3

Botanical Congress. — We hear on good ORf:i!ll)S Damaged. — We

have had a
Fourth International violent storm, the hailstones being of immense
authority that the
size and falling with great force not only
Botanical Congress arranged to be held in ;

London, May 22nd to 2gth, 1915, has been was a large quantity of glass broken, but the

indefinitely postponed. hailstones were forced right through the

J^if
leaves of many Cattleyas, going m at one

sideand out at the other, while numbers of

MasdevalLIA MUSCOSA. This curious — growths were filled iqj with particles of ice.
little species noted for the irritability or
is H. G. Croslcy, La Fcrtc Bernard, Sarthe,
sensitiveness of its labellum, which when an France.
insect alights on it suddenly shuts up against ?!S

the column and encloses its prey. This move-

ment may be brought about by touching the HEAIIPILIA AiMETHYSTINA. The genus —
yellow ridge with any light substance, such as Hemipilia founded by Lmdley, who
was
a hair, the lip remaining in its upward position remarked :
" It differs from Platanthera
for about twenty minutes, after which it again ( = Habenaria) m having the glands of the

descends ready for the entry of any small ])ollen masses concealed by the mflexed
insect. Consul Lehmann states that this points of the stigmatic canals, which thus
species has a very wide and irregular form an imperfect pouch, and in the enlarged
geographical distribution throughout Ecuador projecting upper hp of the stigma or
and Colombia, extending fully 600 miles rostellum." It is also characterised by its

from north to south, in a temperature of about single broad leaf and spikes of purple. Orchis-
60 degs. Fahr. Wherever it is found the like flowers. Only three or four species are
atmosphere is uniformly damp during the known. H. amethystina was intro-
at present

whole year. It grows most frequently upon duced with Cypripedium Charlesworthii from
the trunks and thick branches of trees in the Shan States of Eastern Burma, by Messrs.
mountain forests, where the absence of under- Lewis and Co., Southgate, and exhibited by
wood allows a perpetual circulation of air. them, Royal Horticultural Society, June gth,
The scarcity of such woods accounts for the i8g6, under the name Pogonia Lewisii, when
rarity of the plant, for although found in so a Botanical Certificate was awarded. Soon
many localities nowhere common. In
it is afterwards Mr. R. A. Rolfe detected that the
many parts of Ecuador it also grows upon plant was in reality a Hemipilia, and described
volcanic rocks and walls of lava, and produces it under the name H. amethystina, Bot. Mag.,
the largest and most highly coloured flowers, Feb., 1897, a coloured figure being included.
the flowering season being in February and Under name the plant was again
this latter

March. shown Royal Horticultural Society by

at the

41 II Sir Fred. Wigan, July loth, igo6, and a

Phal.'ENOpsis Schilleriana.
year 1885 there was a remarkable plant of
this species in the collection of Mr. Perkins,
Kirkley Hall, Northumberland.
leaves, each about 16 inches long, and two
spikes which carried over 250 flowers. There
were also four other plants, all of which had
been grown from adventitious buds formed
on the old flower-spikes of the above
specimen. The floriferous habit was con-
tinued in the same style, one of the plants
jiroducing a spike of 140 blooms.
second Botanical Certificate obtained. Three
— In the years later it was seen in one of Messrs.
Sander and Sons' groups. This autumn it
has been in flower in the collection of Mr. A.
It had eight Grant, Rugby House, Cleethorpes, whose
gardener, Mr.W. Chorley, sends us the spike,
with the remark that this plant, just as in the
original type specimen, was imported with
Cypripedium Charlesworthii; in fact, it sprung
up from among the roots of a recenth'-
imported plant. The large cordate green leaf
has brown mottling, the erect spike carrying
many Orchis-like flowers of amethyst colour.
 4

THE ORCHin WORLD. [October, 191

Cymbidium eburneo'Loivianum, in the collection oj Lieul.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt.

CYMBIDIUM EBURNEO- hyljridists, then somewhat few

number, to in

LOWIANUM. make numerous which

crosses^ the majority of
have since been raised and acknowledged as
PROBABLY in no other genus have the valuable acquisitions.
results of hybridisation been so The subject of our illustration is a
generally satisfactory as in that of remarkable specimen of C. eburneo-
Cymbidium. The ever-green nature of the Lowianum, in the noted collection of
foliage renders these plants of decorative Lieut.-Col. George Holford, K.C.V.O.,
Sir
value throughout the whole year, while the Westonbirt, where it has been cultivated by
long lasting nature of their flowers is Mr. H. G. Alexander. It is in a sixteen inch
an nnportant point for one and all to pot, carries fifteen spikes with an aggregate
consider. of seventy flowers, the finest spike carr\ing
Although many of the newest Cymbidium seven flowers.
hybrids have not as yet had sufficient time to The large flowers are of a creamy-white
show forth their full capabilities, there are colour, the front lobe of the labellum bearing
several of earlier production which have been the reddish V-shaped blotch that is so noted a
brought to perfection under the care of characteristic of C. Lowianum. One of the
skilful growers. Of these mention may be many favourable points concerning these
made of C. eburneo-Lowianum, which on first I'jlants is the long time their flowers remain
flowering in the year 1889 encouraged in perfect condition.
October, 1914-] rUE ORCHID VVORI-f) 5

Galeandra Devoniana.

GALEANDRA DEVONIANA. growth that some of the large clusters of

stems which sprouted from a common root
present-day collections Galeandras are were from ten to twelve feet in circumference.
IN rarely seen, mainly owing to the The stems were often from five to six feet
difficulty experienced in growing them high at the lower part almost of a purple
;

sufficiently well to obtain results which appearance but changing into green higher
be seen in the plant's
travellers tell us can up. As the flower is not only larger than the
native home, because of many
and also generality of its tribe, but handsome, I availed
superior hybrid Orchids recently produced. myself of this opportunity of naming it m
However, Galeandra Devoniana is not by honour of the Duke of Devonshire, one
any means to be despised, and may yet be of the most successful cultivators of this,
welcomed once again. one of the most interesting tribes among
Its first discovery was made by Schom- monocotyledonous plants."
burgk, who sent the following particulars to This species was subsequently detected by
Lindley :
—
"During our peregrinations we thesame energetic explorer in British Guiana,
have seen this plant nowhere else than on growing on the trunks of trees on the banks
the banks of the Rio Negro, a tributary of of the river Berbice and afterwards by
;

the Amazon, where in the neighbourhood of Spruce and Wallace in the same locality in
Barcellos we found it growing in large which it was first discovered by Schomburgk,
clusterson the trees which lined the river, the first-named of whom sent living plants
sometimes on the Mauritia aculeata, or even to Kew in 185 1.

on the ground where the soil consisted of The plants require a considerable amount
vegetable mould. It was so luxuriant in of heat during the growing season, but much

VOL. V. 2
6 THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914.

less when resting during the wniter months. Mr. Kromer when collecting Orchids for the

Watering during this latter period should
carried out with extreme care, only sufficient
being given to keep the bulbs from unduly
shrivelling. The young growths are likely
to be severely damaged by an excess of water
given in the early period of their existence,
and it is not until they have grown to the
height of about six inches that a point of
safety is reached.
The lance-shaped sepals and
be late Mr. H. A. Tracy, and sent home along
with the rare Oncidium
Leopoldianum.
These plants were acquired by Mr. H. S.
Goodson, of Fairlawn, Putney, who has
recently had the pleasure of seeing them both
in flower at the same time. The Oncidium
created no small amount of attention, for it is
many years since this species flowered in
Europe, while the Epidendrum proved to be
petals are of a pure white variety of a little-known species.

a darkish-purple with green margins the ;

To prove the decorative value of this latter
large lip is white, thickly striped and pencilled rarity Mr. Geo. Day kindly sends us the

with purple the disc bearing four lamellae,

;
many-flowered raceme.
and the spur at the base being green and The albino form was recorded by Reichen-
recurved. There does not appear to be any bach in 1886 {Gard. Chron., XXV., p. 362),
definite season of flowering. who, after describing the normal type, wrote
—
:

" I am now very agreeably surprised at the

receipt of a fine variety, having white flowers,

EPIDENDRUM
and only the lateral calli orange. It is
ARACHNOGLOSSUM. likewise a discovery of M. Andre, and was

THERE
drum
are several species of Epiden-
worthy of cultivation, amongst
forwarded to me by M. Godefroy Lebeuf,
who is well known as a most enthusiastic
tliem being E. arachnoglossum, which Orchidist." Reichenbach named this variety
was originally M. Edouard
discovered by E. arachnoglossum candidum.
Andre, on the volcano of Purace, in
in 1876,
southern New Grenada, at an elevation
of 6,000 feet, growing in company with " The Orchid Review."— The September
E. paniculatum. This successful traveller issue of this journal contains an article on
published an account and coloured plate Cattleya Sybil and its varieties, accompanied
of the species in the Revue Horticole, by an illustration showing seven different
December i6th, 1882, and was also the first results. C. Sybil isa hybrid between aurea
to flower the plant in Europe. and iridescens, and was raised by Messrs.
In habit it resembles the well-known E. Hassall and Co., the first plant flowering
radicans type, but is of much stronger during the past summer. Details are given
constitution. The nodding raceme bears concerning the reproduction of species, and
many flowers of bright magenta-crimson, with the formation of hybrids, the latter being-
the fleshy disc of the lip orange-yellow. The effected either by blended inheritance or else
labellum is three-lobed, each lobe spreading by mosaic inheritance. Illustrations are
and much fimbriated, the middle one with a also given Cycnoches densiflorum and
of
deep cleft in the anterior margin. The Grammangis ElKsii. In a note on several
specific name, literally spider's tongue, is interesting rarities that have recently flowered
derived from this quaint formation of the at Kew we read that " Catasetum Darwin-
labellum. Like several other Epidendrums, ianum has again bloomed well, all the flowers
the raceme continues to elongate and produce being males, as has also been the case with
flowers for a considerable period, six months several other species that have bloomed. The
being quite usual, while instances have proportion of female flowers on cultivated
occurred of the plant being an almost plants hardly reaches five per cent., but it

continuous bloomer. may be greater in their native homes, where

A plant of this species was discovered by the plants are probably more vigorous."
OctolxT, K)I4.] 'IIII<: ORC'llll) WORLD. /

CRYPTOPHORANTHUS column is placed, in front of which the

furrowed labelluiii stands, with a highly
ATROPURPUREUS. and on each side the two upper
flexible hinge,

was Barbosa Rodriguez who established petals, a tube being thus formed.
little

IT the somewhat cumbrous name Crypto- Hence, when a minute insect enters, or a
phoranthus for a small section closely larger insect inserts its proboscis through

allied to Masdevallia and Pleurothallis. either window, it has by touch to find the

The name dates from the year 1881, although inner tube in order to reach the curious
several species now included in it had been nectary at its base. Within this little tube,

previously known under other names. The formed by the column, labellum and petals, a
earliest of these was described by Lindley in very broad and hinged rostellum projects at
1836 under the name Specklinia atropurpurea, right angles, the under surface of which is

from a plant which flowered in the Liverpool viscid the minute caudicles of the pollinia,
;

Botanic Garden. In 1845 the same species projecting out of the anther case, rest on the
was described by Sir WiUiam Hooker base of the upper membraneous surface of
{Botanical Magasine, 4.164) under the name the rostellum. The whole structure of the
Masdevallia fenestrata — the Windowed flower seems carefully intended to prevent
Masdevallia, with the remark: — the withdrawal of the pollinia, as well as their
" This isone of the very curious produc- subsequent insertion into the stigmatic
tions of Nature of which there are such chamber. Some new and curious contrivance
frequent mstances among Orchidaceous has here to be made out."
plants. The plant is not only singular m It remains to be stated that cryptophor-

colour, the flowers bemg externally of a deep anthus atropurpureus is a native of the West
blackish-blood colour, but still more singular Indies, where it is found on trees, banks and

in form, with the sepals united below and at decaying logs.

the apex, which is open and window-like, the

whole representing the head and beak of a

bird, with a perforation where the eyes
NEW ORCHIDS.
should be." HE Krzv Bulletin, 1914, No. 6, contains
Under the name Masdevallia fenestrata it botanical descriptions of the following
is occasionally found in collections where new Orchids :
—
curiously formed flowers are appreciated, and Pleurothallis (Apodas casspitosae) Lankes-
although various suggestions have been put teri. Very inconspicuous, the flowers being
forth no one appears to have really discovered borne in fascicles below the leaves. Distinct
the actual manner in which fertilisation is from most others of the section, but nearest
effected. The great Darwin was much inter- to P. myriantha, from which it differs in the
ested in the species, as may be proved by the shape and colour of the hp. The flowers are
following note in his " Fertilisation of deep yellow, with the lip and column dark
Orchids": — purple. From Costa Rica.
" Masdevallia fenestrata is an extraordinary Microstylis Andersonii, from Borneo.
flower, for the three sepals always cohere Flowers small and pallid.
together and never open. Two minute lateral Sarcopodium suberectum, from Borneo.
oval windows, seated high up in the flower Resembles S. acuminatum, but smaller. It is
and opposite each other, afford the only stated that the column in the only flower in
entrance into the flower but the presence of
; good condition has two rudimentary anthers
these two minute windows shows how neces- attached to processes of the margin of the
sary it is that insects should have access in clinandrium just as in Dendrobium pandaneti.
this case as with other Orchids. At the This may be an accidental monstrosity or a
bottom of the roomy and dark chamber normal occurrence as in the last-mentioned
formed by the closed sepals the minute plant,
8 THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914.

Coelogyne annamensis, allied to C. brunnea. VANDA HOOKERIANA.

Flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden,
Glasnevin, in November, 1913, and obtained horticultural purposes Vandas may
from Messrs. Sander and Sons, in June, 191 2.
FORbe divided two well defined
into
Sepals and petals pale buff-yellow, lip rather groups, namely, those having terete
darker, with irregular radiating brown nerves or cylindrical leaves and stems and those with
on the side lobes, some orange-brown on the broad strap-shaped leaves arranged dis-
lower part of the front lobe, and flesh-coloured tichously upon the stem. Vanda Hookeriana
keels. A native of Annam. belongs to the terete section. Its cylindric,
Eulophia Lambii, from Tropical Africa. somewhat slender stems are usually from
Closely resembles E. Kirckii, but differs in 5-7 feet long and produce during the autumn
the details of the Hp. Collected by Mr. P. H. months elegant flowers about 2^ inches in
Lamb, Director of Agriculture in Northern diameter, the sepals white tinted with rose,
Nigeria, to whom it is dedicated. the larger petals white spotted with magenta,
Eulophia pusilla, from Tropical Africa, the expanded lip beautifully lined and spotted
where it is found on dry poor soil, exposed with rich magenta purple.
to full sunshine. Flowers white tinged with Its history dates from 1856, in which year
yellow. Reichenbach described the species in
Collected in Peru
Maxillaria Fletcheriana. Bonplandia, dedicating it to Sir William
by M. Forget, Sander and Sons,
for Messrs. Hooker, at that time director of the Royal
who flowered it at St. Albans in April, 191 3, Gardens, Kew. V. Hookeriana is said to be
and exhibited it at the Royal Horticultural common in north Borneo along the Tandaran
Society during the same month when it and Limbang rivers, about twenty miles
received an Award of Merit. The sepals are from Brunei, yet notwithstanding the large
white with a few irregular purple lines, the number of plants sent home several years
petals more strongly lined, and the lip yellow elapsed before any arrived in a living
in front with a few purple dots, the crest condition.
yellow and the side lobes suffused and lined The first plants to be successfully estab-

with red-purple. lished were those sent to Lord Rothschild,

Renanthera pulchella. Flowered with Tring Park, and although various means were
Messrs. A. A. Peeters and Sons, Brussels, in tried to induce them to flower it was not until
August, 191 3. The flowers bear a general September, 1882, that success was obtained.
resemblance to those of R. Imschootiana, but These plants were cultivated in a house
are only about half the size. The colour is almost entirely devoted to the alhed V. teres,
yellow with the side lobes of the lip and the pots being filled with a mixture of broken
upper half of the petals crimson. A native crocks and charcoal, and surfaced with
of Burma. Received an Award of Merit, sphagnum moss kept constantly moist. No
Royal Horticultural Society, June 30th, shading was employed, but when bright
1914. sunshine was abundant and the temperature
Angrascum birrimense, from Tropical rose accordingly plenty of ventilation was
Africa, where it was disovered in dense given.
forest. It is allied to A. Eichlerianum, but The following interesting details from
the hp is not broadly dilated at the sides, and Major F. Walker, of Perak, were communi-
the upper part of the spur is narrower and cated to The Garden, August 30th, 1 890 :
—
less obliquely bent about the middle. " This district is thickly studded with marsh.
Disa (Eudisa) nigerica. Closely resembles These marshes are full of thick low under-
D. saxicola, but may be distinguished by the growth and exposed to the full rays of the
shape of the dorsal sepal and lip. native A sun. some of these marshes Vanda
In
of Tropical Africa. The flowers are described Hookeriana is found creeping over the under-
as purple. growth. The stems seem to rest on the tops
October, hjh ]
Till-: ORCHID WORLD. 9

Vanda Hcol^eriana.

of the bushes and the roots chng gently to the bemg as thick as when in the
stems
them. The flower is always to be seen on jungle. The plants are always in flower, and
the top of the bushes, away from all shade, the blossoms very large. The roots are
in the blazing sun. I have passed through a planted in the ground. This seems to upset
marsh, such as have described, deep in mud
I the theory that they must be grown in
and water, and seen the whole undergrowth marsh, which is their home, and the only
covered with this Orchid in bloom. It is no place where they are found existing m a wild
uncommon sight when staying in Kinta to state."
find the dining table covered with these V. Hookeriana also grows abundantly as
flowers ;
every morning fresh flowers can be an epiphyte on the trunks of the Pandanus,
gathered without making the slightest effect which grow along the banks of rivers fully
on the appearance of the marsh. So common exposed to the burning rays of a tropical sun
is this flower in the district that it is called during the day, and to the heavy dews and
the Kinta weed. rains by night. The general appearance of
have several plants growing in my
" I this species when not in flower partakes to
garden on high dry ground, well manured ;
some extent of the character of V. teres, but
also in wet marshy ground. Thick common it may be readily distinguished by its more
sticks are placed for them to climb up. In slender and erect stems and sharper-pointed
every case the plants are thriving wonderfully. glaucous-green leaves.

VOL. V. 3
lO THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914.

HABENARIA SUSANN/E. grow under any other conditions, and should

do well m a shady corner of the stove. The
WHEN one considers the fact that
about 500 species of Habenaria are
flowers are not always pure white, I have
found spikes of it with a dash of green, but
known it is at once apparent that all the varieties are beautiful."
the genus is almost neglected by horticul- The fiower-spike depicted in this issue is

turists. It may be said with some truth that one of several which were to be seen during
many are of botanical value only, while others the latter part of September m the establish-
usually fail to satisfactorily respond to ment of Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., who
artificial treatment ;
yet notwithstanding these cultivate the plants in a span-roofed house
adverse facts there remain several species
still where a high temperature and plenty of
which can be relied upon to reward the atmospheric moisture are maintained during
cultivator for any trouble he may care to the growing season, but in which cooler and
expend upon them. drier conditions are adopted when the resting
But amateurs will deny that II.
few season arrives. The plants are allowed to
Susannse is one of the finest representatives remain in the pots throughout the winter and
of the genus. Although it has not the range are not disturbed until the spring time,
of brilliant colours seen m other species, it at which season activity commences and
fully makes upfor this deficiency by its repotting is necessary. The compost consists
stately nature and large pure white wax-like of good loam with the addition of a little

flowers. The stiff erect stem reaches to a fibre, such as osmunda, to keep it porous ; m
height of from three to four feet, and carries fact, just such a compost as is suitable for
an average of four flowers at its apex on rare ;
Cypripediums will do equally well for this
occasions as many as seven have been seen, species. Although, as previously mentioned,
but this IS only on the more robust plants. the plants like plenty of atmospheric moisture,
From base to apex the stem is clothed care must be taken that water does not remain
with light-green leaves, which remain fresh in the centre of the new growth when it
until after the flowers have faded. The appears m the early part of the year, for
chief peculiarities are the long spur and should this occur when the atmospheric
the beautifully fringed side lobes of the conditions are not entirely suitable a slight
labellum. rusty appearance manifests itself on the
H. Susannas is a native of India and has upper surface of the leaves, giving one the
been known ever since the time of Linnaeus, impression that thrip has been present.
who called it Orchis Susannae. Major- Shading from the direct rays of the sun
General E. S. Berkeley, when writing on will be found necessary during the greater

Moulmein Orchids in the Orchid Review, part of the summer, but should not be
1894, p. 331, remarks
—
" In this district also
: used to the extent usually
it

adopted for
grows H. Susannas. I have seen whole beds Cypripediums.
of it in flower in Moulmein, and I can only Years ago this species was known as
suppose that difficulty of transport prevented Platanthera Susannae, and under this name is
the collectors from bringing it home before. given in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. I., p. 162,
Mr. Sander informs me that his collectors an account of a method of propagation which
have recently found the plant in islands still does not appear to have been attempted m
more to the westward, so that the plant must this country. Although it is probable that
be much more widely distributed than has the stock of plants now under cultivation is
hitherto been supposed. I have met with it sufficient tomeet the usual demand, it would
both in India and Burmah, and it was always prove an interesting event to produce addi-
a great delight to come across a group of it. tional plants by the method therein advised,
It is found in very warm, sheltered, moist for there may be a time when it will be
places. It is too soft and succulent a plant to impossible to procure further supplies.
Habenaiia Susanna, in the collection of Messrs. CharlesWorih & Co.
Anguloa Ruckeri sanguinea, in the collection oj O. O. Wrigley, Esq.
Bridge Hall, Bury, Lanes.
 ;

October, 1914-] THE ORCHID WORT.D. •3

ANGULOA RUCKERI. This plant was purchased by Mr. Wrigley

m Kjio, and grew Vv'cll dv.ring the- fcllowing

THE yemis Anguloa was founded by the

Spanisli botanists Ruiz and Pavon,
year. In igi2 it made a bulb
and thick in proportion, but the next season,
"jl inches high

and dedicated by them to Don for some unexplainable cause, it entirely failed
Francisco de Angulo, at that time director- to make any growth whatever. This apparent
general of mines in Peru, but owing to the loss, however, v/as remedied during the past

brief diagnosis and the obscure manner in summer, when the plant sent forth two strong
which it is worded Anguloa remamed for half- growths at the same time, and shortly after
a-century a botanical puzzle. The description produced the unusual number of 13 full\-
was of A. uniflora. developed flowers, ]iroof of which is given by
However, by the enterprise of a few English the reproduced photograph.
gentlemen much interested in Orchid culture, The flowers of the normal type of y\nguloa
nicluding Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, Mr. Ruckeri are greenish-brown externally, yellow
Rucker, of Wandsworth, and the Rev. J. densely spotted with red on the inside
Clowes, of Manchester, it was decided about in the variety sanguinea the sepals and petals
the year 1S41 to send a collector to Venezuela are deep sanguineous red on the inside, lip
and Colombia. M. Linden undertook the task and column white, the former spotted with
and reaped considerable success, discovering crimson. This latter variety has been known
both Anguloa Clowesii and A. Ruckeri. since the year 1854.
The former was seen for the first time in This was very rare until the
species
Europe in March, 1844, when it flowered in actual habitat was discovered by Blunt while
the collection of Mr. Clowes. collecting for Messrs. Low and Co., about the
Anguloa Ruckeri was sent to the amateur year 1870, who found it on the slopes of the
whose name it bears and in whose collection eastern Cordillera between Pamplona and
it flowered in the year 1846. It was exhibited Bucaramanga.
in the garden of the Horticultural Society in Anguloas are by no means difficult to
May of the same and was subsequently
year, cultivate. They may be grown with much
figured in the Botanical Magazine by Lindley, success in almost any fibrous compost, that
\\ ho remarked :
—
" This charming plant makes consisting of good peat or osmunda with
the third species in our gardens of a genus sphagnum moss and a little loam being very
which, m the spring of 1844, was a botanical suitable. A temperature of about 55-60
puzzle. Such is the progress of scientific degrees Fahr., with a slight rise during the
discovery when promoted by horticultural summer season, will be found quite sufficient.
enterprise." The young growths need a little care to
At the above meeting of the Horticultural prevent them being burnt by excessive sun-
.Society the exhibition of Orchids alone, states shine or a too frequent supply of water, but
the official was 48 yards long, in a
report, when newly-made bulbs are nearing
the
double bank, nor was there a bad specimen completion more light and air should be
among them, and indeed this was the great admitted in order to ripen them sufficiently
and gratifying feature of the show. to withstand the variations of winter treat-
Our illustration is of Anguloa Ruckeri ment and to ensure further good results
sanguinea, an excellent specimen in the during the succeeding season.
collection of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bridge Hall, Propagation is readily effected by dividing
Bury, Lanes., where it has been cultivated the rhizome just before the growing season.
under the care of Mr. E. Rogers, who Almost every bulb will push forth a new
deservedly received a Cultural Certificate and growth, although the older the bulb the
Bronze Medal when the plant was exhibited weaker will be the attempt. Little water will
at the Manchester Orchid Society, July i6th. be needed until new roots appear.
1914
14 THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914

Lalio-Cattleya Pallas {L. crispa^ X C. aurea).

OclolKir, lyH-J THE ORCHH) WORLD. 15

NEW HYBRIDS. Cattleya Rosalind.— Messrs. Stuart

Low and Co., Brook, Sussex, have
Jarvis

Cypripedium Dryau. — Raised by Mr. F. raised this pleasing hybrid between Gaskel-
liana and Mrs. Pitt (aurea x Harrisoniana).
C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall collection,
and resulting from (niveum x
Psyche The colour is delicate rose with purple
bellatulum) crossed with glaucophyllum, the suffusion on the labellum.

influence of the latter yielding a continuation OdONTIODA CRISPILIA. —A brilliant red

of flowers from the same spike. flower, neatly constructed, and arising from
Cattleya Gladys. Messrs. J. and A.— crossing Oda. Cecilia with Odm. crispum.
McBean, Cooksbridge, Sussex, have recently Raised in the collection of Mr. Richd. G.

flowered a very elegant hybrid between Thw'aites.

Atalanta (Leopoldii x Warscewiczii) and

aurea. The fleshy nature of Leopoldii is

inherited, as also is its three-lobed labellum, ONCIDIUM FLEXUOSUM.

but m a lesser degree. The colour is rich

rosy purple, the petals veined with darker HOWEVER extensive and
autumn show Cattleyas of
beautiful an
may be,
tints, while the labellum has the lateral lobes

margined with purple and the broad median additional attractiveness is gained
lobe prominently veined and freckled with by the inclusion of a few golden-yellow
similar colour. The throat is bright golden- Oncidiums. In fact, to such an extent has

yellow, the same attractive colour being been recognised that it is very
this necessity

extended on the interior of each side lobe ;

seldom any exhibitor stages a group during
the central area is marked with crimson lines. the autumn months without a reasonable
The three species included in the making of number of these pleasing and easily purchased

this hybrid blend in a pleasing manner, and plants occupying favourable positions.
judging from the result of the first plant to One species that does appear to receive its
flower, there wiU doubtless be many varieties due amount of recognition is O. flexuosum,
of considerable beauty. a Brazilian plant introduced by Messrs.
Cattleya venusta. — This is tlie result Loddiges about the year 1820. It may be
of crossing Armstrongiae (Hardyana x Loddi- easily distinguished by its creeping rhizome

gesii) with intricata (Leopoldii x intermedia). and the flexuose wiry branches of the
It has been raised by Mr. Thurgood in the inflorescence. The individual flowers,

Rosslyn collection, the first flower being of
much promise, the broad open labellum
having the bright purple side lobes reflexed
m an uncommon manner.
Cypripedium pictum. Obtained by —
crossing nitens and glaucophyllum, the latter
although small when compared with some
species of the genus, are produced in large
numbers, and are of bright golden-yellow
colour with reddish-brown spotting on the
sepalsand petals.
Although most writers describe this species

having a preponderating influence. Raised as being of easy cultivation it is doubtful

in the collection of Mr. H. T. Pitt, Rosslyn, whether such is really the case. Some
Stamford Hill. growers are fully satisfied if the plants can be
Cattleya Katie. —A further addition to kept alive for a few years, and with the
the buff-yellow Cattleyas has been created by annual production of one or two dwarf spikes
the intercrossing of aurea and fulvescens of bloom, which is not sufficient recompense
(aurea x Forbesii). Considering the unde- for the labour involved. Large masses of
veloped state of the seedling which has just small bulbs are often to be seen resting on a
flowered it appears probable that compara- pan of sour compost, the leaves being
tively large flowers will be produced. Raised yellowish and unhealthy, while most of the
by Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, roots have received a severe check and fail to
Sussex. assist the plant in obtaining the necessary
i6 THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914-

nutriment. This is all in keeping with an old CYPRIPEDIUM CONSTANCE.

and unsatisfactory method of treatment. The
very doubtful whether our most recent
is
practice of growing these plants in masses
IT productions in hybrid Cypripediums are
must be discontinued, for except in the most
as graceful as those of former days.
experienced hands no good results are ever
Fashion is mainly responsible for the broad
achieved.
and heavily built lateral petals which are
The be selected,
strongest plants should
almost always to be seen on present-day
either from a recent importation or else from
certificated plants, and while it is the aim of
good healthy stock and reduced to pieces,
most hybridists to further accentuate these
consisting of about three strong bulbs and a
much esteemed and so-called good points it
vigorous lead. These should be placed singly
is questionable whether the real beauty of the
in pots of a suitable size, and secured to an
flower is thereby enhanced.
upright support firmly fixed witli its base in
The Cypripedium Constance
illustration of
the crocks, yet sufficiently tall to allow of one
shows that an attractive flower may be
or two new leading bulbs being made, always
produced in quite another style, and this by
remembering that the rhizome of this species
the elongation and decorative nature of the
is considerably elongated and thus arranges
lateral petals. C. Constance is the result of
the bulbs several inches apart. A light
crossing Curtisii with Stonei, and first
compost which plenty of sphagnum moss
in
appeared in the collection of Mr. D. O.
is incorporated should be used.
Drewett during the year 1890.
A good growing atmosphere is very It was, however, not long before better
essential, and an intermediate-house tempera-
results were achieved by Messrs. Veitch, who
ture will be required. A day temperature of
flowered a very superior variety produced by
75 degrees does not appear to be too much the use of the remarkable form of Stonei
when the plants are in a growing condition.
known as platytaenium. This was named
Of course, during the resting season a
James H. Veitch and obtained a First-class
somewhat drier atmosphere of lower tempera-
Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society,
ture will suffice to maintain the plants in a
August 28th, 1894. Under the recognised
healthy existence. Many aerial roots are
rules of nomenclature the earliest name is
formed, which in course of time find their way
always adopted, and for that reason Cyp.
down to the compost and freely enter it in
James H. Veitch must be regarded as a
search of food. When growth is being
variety of Cyp. Constance, the parentage
produced frequent syringing of the plants
being practically identical.
and surrounding staging, etc., will be required
to ensure a suitably moist condition. m U &
The above method therefore differs —
Cypripedium Io. This attractive hybrid,
considerably from the old way of growing the of which we give an illustration, is the result
species in masses. By treating each separate of crossing Argus with Lawrenceanum, and
growth, with its accompanying two or three was originally raised by Mr. N. C. Cookson,
bulbs, as a separate plant remarkable success Wylam-on-Tyne. It has been said that " it
is secured, so much so that immense bulbs are bears the name Io in honour of her Royal
made which yield strong and erect many- Highness Io, daughter of King Inachus. Io
flowered spikes of considerable utility. When having smiled in too gracious a way on
properly grown after this style O. flexuosum Jupiter, had the sad be changed into
fate to
is very much more graceful than the larger a cow by Juno, forduring which
a time,
flowered O. varicosum, and what is perhaps of herbivorous period of her life she was watched
still greater importance, there is little fear of by the hundred-eyed Argus. Now this
the plants exhausting themselves and coming Cypripedium being like Argus has been
to a speedy death as is so often e.xperienced named Io in order to associate the two
with the last-mentioned plant. together."
Cypripedium Sionei platyt&nium.
October, i9i4-] THE ORCHID WORLD. 19

CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI. from that country into England. Mr. Skinner

responded to the appeal in a manner that far
THISSarawak,
very distinct species is a native of exceeded the expectation of the writer, and m
Borneo, where it occurs on less than ten years all the finest Orchids of
limestone hills at 1,000-1,5000 feet Guatemala were in cultivation in British
elevation,growing generally on rocks where gardens, most of which flowered for the first
there islittle vegetable soil, and m the
but time in Mr. Bateman's houses at Knypersley.
shade of the forest. Its discovery is due to The many new and beautiful Orchids thus
.Sir Hugh Low, who sent plants to Messrs. brought to light, together with the energy
Low and Co., of Clapton, in i860. Some of displayed by that gentleman both in practice
these plants flowered during the following and by his publications to promote Orchid
year in the then celebrated collection of John culture, secured for him a very prominent
Day, at Tottenham, and were named in position among the Orchid authorities of this
honour of his gardener Stone. The flowering country. So early as 1837 Sir William
season extends from May to July. Hooker dedicated to him the volume of the
In 1863 a second importation was received Botanical Magazine for that year, which Mr.
by Messrs. Low and Co. Some of the plants Bateman fancifully designated the annus
passed into Mr. Day's collection, among them mirabilis of Orchidology.
being the magnificent variety known as It was in 1837 that Gibson brought to
platytasnium, although was not until 1867
it Chatsworth the rich collection he gathered on
when the plant first bloomed that the owner the Khasia Hills. In that same year Skinner
became aware of his valuable acquisition. sent to England the finest of the Guatemalian
This variety was carefully cultivated and Orchids Cuming sent home his first consign-
;

several plants obtained by propagation, one ment from the Philippine Islands including
of which was purchased at Mr. Day's sale in the first Phal^nopsis received aHve in
188 by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., for the
1 England, a single plant of P. Aphrodite tlie ;

sum of 140 guineas, a remarkable figure at brothers Schomburgk made their first contri-
that time. Baron Schroder also acquired a bution from British Guiana ; and lastly, a
considerable portion of the stock. Frenchman named Deschamps brought from
Vera Cruz a large consignment of Mexican
Orchids, nearly the whole of which was
disposed of in England. Probably not less
EARLY NOTES.
than 300 species were seen in England for
1833 Mr. Bateman's collection at the first time in that memorable year. The
IN Knypersley Hall, Cheshire, was enriched Orchidomania which had been rapidly
by sending a collector to Demerara, but spreading became greatly intensified by such
although the mission fell short of expectation, an unusual addition of new forms. " From
the success was sufficient to encourage others that time," wrote Bateman, "
houses for their
to embark in similar adventures. Among accommodation were raised in every direc-
them was Mr. George Ure Skinner, a tion ;
pots for their exclusive use were sold in
merchant trading with Guatemala, at that the shops of London their blossoms were
;

time an unworked mine in Natural History, imitated by the most fashionable manufac-
and where there was believed to be a rich turers of artificial flowers and the most
;

store of Orchids. Having heard of Mr.
Skinner through the specimens of birds and
insects which he presented to the Natural
History Museum at Manchester, Mr. Bateman
wrote to him in March, 1834, and explained,
by means of sketches of some Orchids, what
kind of plants he wished to see introduced
munificent prizes were offered by horticultural
societies for the finest specimens."
Probably no one contributed more to bring
about this great change in the aspect of
Orchid culture than Ure Skinner, pre-
eminently one of the Orchid worthies of
England, by whose untiring energy and
 —

20 THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914.

disinterestedness the most beautiful Orchids THE RELATION OF LIGHT TO

of Central America became denizens for the
time of the glass-houses of Great Britain.
GREENHOUSE CULTURE.
first

The following particulars, extracted chiefly BULLETIN 144 of the Massachusetts

from an address delivered before the Royal Agricultural Experiment Station con-
Horticultural Society in February, 1867, by tains an interesting article by Dr.
Mr. Bateman, be read with interest:
will — George E. Stone, on " The Relation of Light
" From the moment he received the letter The summary is as
to Greenhouse Culture."
he laboured incessantly to drag from their follows :

hiding places the forest treasures of " The experiments described in this bulletin
Guatemala and transfer them to the shores of not only have a bearing on the physiology of
his native land. In pursuit of this object crops, but also on greenhouse construction
there was scarcely a sacrifice he did not make, and management.
or a danger or hardship he did not brave. In " Light has an important influence on the

sickness or in health, amid tlie calls of configuration of plants. Since most of the
business or the perils of war, whether detained plant energy is derived from the air through
in quarantine on the shores of the Atlantic sunlight, the optimum light conditions are
or shipwrecked on the rocks of the Pacific, he important, and there is a marked difference
never suffered an opportunity to escape him in plants as regards their light requirements.
of adding to the long array of his botanical During the short winter days many green-
"

discoveries. house crops do not obtain sufficient light,

" Never shall I forget my delight on therefore any factor in greenhouse construc-
opening the box of Orchids he sent me,
first tion v\-hich will increase the amount of light
all carefully packed and in the best possible is important.
condition. Though gathered at random every " Lack of light is responsible for many
plant was new. Masses of Epidendrum greenhouse diseases on the other hand, too
;

Skinneri (the first to flower and thence named intense light may prove harmful m some
after him), Epidendrums,
divers other instances.
Oncidium Cavendishianum, On. leucochilum, " The old type of greenhouse was crude in
and Odontoglossum bictonense, the first construction, especially as regards light. The
Odontoglossum that ever reached England modern tendency is to build larger houses, to
alive." use stronger material casting less shade, and
Skinner's subsequent discoveries and intro- largerand better quality glass.
Skinneri and "
Large houses can be constructed relatively
ductions included Cattleya
Lycaste Skinneri, which alone will keep his more cheaply and managed more easily
name in memory so long as Orchids continue because there is a less rapid change of
to be cultivated. Schomburgkia tibicinis, atmospheric conditions, etc., which helps to
Epidendrum cnemidophorum, E. Stamford- eliminate many greenhouse troubles.
lanum and Odontoglossum grande have an "
Morning light is more intense than after-
exceptional botanical interest in addition to noon light, our showing a
experiments
their great horticultural merit. difference of 10 per cent., and ranging as
After the dispersion of Mr. Bateman's high as 30 per cent, for some months. This
collection, Mr. Skinner greatly assisted the difference is not constant from day to day,
Polish collector Von Warscewic, who brought from month to month or from year to year.
toEurope many beautiful Orchids previously " The difference between morning and
unknown, for such was his enthusiasm for afternoon light has a practical bearing on the
Orchids that either personally or through his location of greenhouses as regards points of
agents he continued to search for new species compass.
to the end of his life. From Veitch's Manual " The location of a house as regards points
of Orchidaceous Plants. of the compass has a bearing on the practice
October, 1914-] thp: orchid world. 21

of spraying" plants, the yield of the crop, and the glass, however, varies in intensity owing
to a certain extent on fungous infection. to the irregularity of the surface.
" To obtain the best resultshouse in a "The loss of light from glass may vary
running- east and west, the house should be from 3 to 36 per cent, or more, depending
1

from 15 to 30 degrees north of east. This on ihc c|uality and condition of the glass,
enables the plant to take advantage of the and many other factors.
more intense mornmg light, and the crop can " Double glazed houses are much inferior
be syringed with less danger from infection. to those glazed with a single layer of glass."
" The difference in
morning and afternoon
light may be shown by various chemical
methods, as well as by the growth of trees,
and of crops of cucumbers in north and
south houses. Other things being equal, a
crop will show greater development on an
east than a west expo.sure.
" 1 here is considerable difference
in the
light transmitting properties of glass.
Second double thick greenhouse
quality,
glass transmits 18 per cent, less than No. i,
double thick, and the third quality double
thick transmits 33 per cent, less than first
quality anfl 15 per cent. le?s than second
quahty.
" An irregular surface, bubbles, etc., in glass
act as lenses and affect the even diffusion
of light.
" New glass is slightly superior to used
glass. The fleterioration frf)m dirt and other
factors is nnirh less than i })er cent, per
annum.
" The more ncarl\' the angle
of the roof
coincides with the right angle of the sun's
rays the more light is transmitted.
" Relatively steep roofs are superior to flat
roofs for transmitting light. Records made
in February show that a house with a roof

angle of 46 degrees gave 18 per cent, more

light than one with a 32 degrees angle roof.
" The reflection of light from surfaces
varies
greatl}'. In our experiments we found
aluminium bron/c to constitute the best
reflector of light.
"The practice of lapping glass causes some
loss of light, an average of i i per cent, in
our tests.

"There appear to be no important dif-

ferences in the light of a greenhouse at
different distances from the glass, practically
the same light being obtained at 5 feet as at
30 feet. The light to be had directly under Masdevalliq Veitchiana,
22 THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1914.

Cymhidium Tracyanurv-
October, KJI4-] THK ORCFIll) WORIJ). 23

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL cnstala, (

'ypripcdumi Maudia', liabenaria
.Susanna-, several Brasso-Cattleyas and
SOCIETY, Odontoglossuin hybrids.
September 8th, 1914. Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. All)ans, were

Members Orchid C'onunittee present:

oI the
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a group
Esq. (m the chair), Mr. of rare and attractive hybrids, the
species
J. Gurney Fowler,
James O'Brien (hon. sec), Sir Harry J. latter Odontioda Euterpe, Cypri-
including

\'eitch, Messrs. W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, pedium Maudiae and C. Chapmanii. Also tlu-
Charlesworth, H. Davidson, W. H.
E. new Peruvian Zygopetalum Prainianum, with
J.
White, A. Dye, H. G. Alexander, J. E. ShiU, greenish sepals and petals marked with
W. H. Hatcher, T. Armstrong, A. purple, the white hp with rose coloured
J. Cypher,
callus.
McBean, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart Low, R. A.
Rolfe, S. W. Flory, and C. H. Curtis.
Low and Co., Jarvis Brook,
Messrs. Stuart
Sussex, awarded a Silver Banksian
were
First-class Certificate. Medal for some fine hybrid Orchids. he J

best were Cattleya King Albert, C. Carmen

Cattleya Sibyl var. Lord Kitchener (aurea (Warscewiczii x Lueddemanniana), Laelio-
X iridescens), from Messrs. Hassall and Cattleya Figaro (L. lona x C. aurea) and
Co., Southgate. —A
grand result, in which Cattleya Lady Ingram alba, with pure white
the large flower has bronzy-yellow sepals sepals and petals and rich crimson lip.
and petals of broad dimensions and thick Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
substance, the well-developed large labellum Sussex, exhibited Cattleya Katie (fulvescens
flatl)' arranged with the anterior portion X aurea), a pleasing flower of buff colour, two
ruby-crimson. distinctforms of B.-L.-C. Nola, one of which
was prettily spotted on the labellum, and the
Awards of Merit. distinct L.-C. Thyone McBean's variety.

Cattleya iridescens aurifera (bicolor x R. G

Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, showed
Eldorado), from Messrs. E. H. Davidson and the pretty Odontioda Madeline, as well as O.

Co., Twyford. —A very beautiful result and Leeana and three forms of O. Devossiana
also Cattleya Euphrasia and a good
;

the best of its kind. Sepals and petals of

excellent formation, bright golden-yellow, the
Sophronitis hybrid.

labellum tinged witli rose-purple.

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed

Lselio-Cattleya Thyone McBean's variety good varieties of Cattleya Hardyana, C.

(L.-C. Ophir X C. aurea), from Messrs. J. and iridescens, C. Iris and the elegant C. Sibyl
A. McBean, Cooksbridge. An excellent — var. Lord Kitchener.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited
result, in which the rich purplish-crimson
labellum shows up well against the yellow the handsome Cirrhopetalum Rothschild-
ianum, one of the finest species of the genus.
sepals and petals.
Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford,
sliowed Laslio-Cattleya Bola Davidson's
Other Exhibits.
variety (C. labiata x L.-C.
a large Bella),
H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, flower with the broad labellum rich crimson-
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a purple. Also Cattleya Hardyana Orchid
neat group containing Cypripediums pictum, Dene variety and C. Harrisoniana alba
Chapmanii and Baron Schroder, Cattleya Snowflake.
venusta (Armstrongias x intricata), and a good R. Brooman-White, Esq., Arddarroch,
variety of Cattleya Iris. Garelochhead, sent a cut spike of Odonto-
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards glossuin Alicias (Edwardii x crispo-Harry-
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for anum), with large flowers handsomely
an exhibit in which were the quaint Paphinia blotched with violet-purple.
 :

24 THE ORLIJID WORLD. [Oclober, 1914-

September 22nd, 1914. Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, staged

Members of theOrchid Committee present the new Cattleya Beatrice (Minucia x aurea),
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), and C.
Mr. a charming hybrid ; also C. Sibyl

J as. O'Brien (hon. sec), Sir Harry J. Veitch, iridescens, both excellent flowers. Cattleya
Messrs. F. J. Hanbury, C. H. Curtis, R. A, Loddigesii alba and C. Empress Frederick
Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, A. Dye, E. H. alba were noteworthy plants.
Davidson, F. Sander, S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
Gurney Wilson, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, showed good forms of Cattleya Hardyana,
W. H. Hatcher, R. G. Thwaites, and T. the attractive Laelio-Cattleya Thyone, fine
Armstrong. varieties of Cattleya Iris and Peristeria elata.
Award of Merit. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury,
exhibited
Cattleya amabilis Fowler's var. (labiata x Cattleya Prince Edward (Schilleriana x
Warscewiczii), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Warscewiczii), a well-grown plant, with a
Pembury. — The plant carried a spike of three spike of six large flowers of rich crimson-
\ery large flowers of rosy-purple colour and purple colour ; also Brasso-Lselia Mme. Irene
having all the segments well proportioned Mavrocordata.
and arranged. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey,
H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, was exhibited Cattleya Harrisoniana alba, the
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat golden-yellow Ophir
Laelio-Cattleya var.
group, containing the rare Odontoglossum Bonnie, and L.-C. Anthela Ashtead Park var.
grande Pittianum, O. bictonense album,
Cattleya Countess of Derby, the pretty
Laeho-Cattleya Hector, well-flowered Den- MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.
drobium Phalasnopsis and Cypripediums. August 13th, 91 4. 1

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were

Members of the Committee present Z. A. :

awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a McLeod,

Ward, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. D.
collection of autumn-flowering hybrids, those
H. Thorp, A. Hanmer, J. J. Bolton, A. J.
having Cattleya aurea in their parentage
Keeling, J. Lupton, R. Ashworth, W.
being particularly good. Cypripediums were
Shackleton, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur.
well represented, while the rare species and
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, was awarded
those of botanical interest were noteworthy.
a Silver-gilt Medal for a group of good
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
Cattleyas, Cypripediums and others.
Heath, received a Silver Banksian Medal for
Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden, received a
an exhibit containing the attractive Habenaria Large Silver Medal for an attractive exhibit,
.Susannae, Odontioda Brewii, Zygo-Colax
containing several varieties of Cattleya Iris
Charlesworthii and various Sophronitis
and excellent Cypripediums.
hybrids.
Col. J.
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, and
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvis Brook,
J. Keeling and Sons,
Messrs. A. Bradford,
Sussex, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal were awarded Silver Medals.
for a well-arranged exhibit, in which were
several elegant forms of Cattleya Adula, the
Award of Merit.
Cypripedium Dallas (Fairrieanum x
true form of Cattleya guttata, Oncidium
Curtisii), a good large flower showing the
Kramerianum and Cattleya Gaskelliana " My
characteristics of both parents, from Messrs.
Lady," a very delicate variety.
A. J. Keeling and Sons.
Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Strcathani, was
awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal for an Cultural Certificate
exhibit containing good varieties of Cattleya To ^Ir. G. W^eatherby, gr. to Z. A. Ward,
Adula and Odontioda Devossiana. A variety Esq., for Cattleya Atalanta (Leopoldii x

of Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneri with unusually Warscewiczii), carrying 17 flowers on one

broad segments was also noted. spike. A Bronze Medal was l\1so awarded.
 THE
ORCHID WORLD.
NOVEMBER. 1914.

NOTES.
An Albino Result.- -One more albino being extremel)- undulated with not a few
hybrid can be recorded. It is Cattleya mountains and many small hills. Orchids are
.Snowdon, obtained by crossing labiata alba represented by se\en genera and fourteen
with .Suzanne Hye de Croni, the latter being species, their relative share in the flora being
the result of crossing white varieties of 4 3 p.c. The light-demanding kinds, which
Gaskelliana and Mossice. Thus three albino are particularly rich in species of Platanther;i,
Cattleyas have been connected and yield are found on the grassy slopes, while inside
albino progeny. The raisers of C. Snowdon the dreary coniferous forests, in which only a
arc Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge few shade-loving plants can survive, exist
Wells. Listera cordata, L. nipponica, and Ephippi-
anthus Schmidtii. The remaining genera
are Microstylis, Spiranthes, Orchis and
The Ex'olution of the Inflorescence. (jymnadenia, each of which is represented by
-
-The study of the inflorescence from the a single species.
evolutionary point of view has been strangely
neglected. On this we welcome the
account
comprehensive article by Mr. J. Parkin. M.A., "The Orchid Re\tew."- -Amongst the
F.L..S., Trinity College, Cambridge, pub- contents of the October issue of this journal
lished in the last issue of the Journal uf the are illustrations and notes on Cattleya .Sybil
Liniican Society (Vol. XLIL, pp. 511-563). var. Lord Kitchener, Schombocattleya
The author states that Linnsus appears to spiralis, Spiranthes gracilis, and three species
have been responsible for the introduction of of Habenaria.
the term inflorescence, which literally means
the time of flower-bearing. It was applied

by the great Swedish naturalist to the Mr. W. H. White. — After more than 25
arrangement of the flowers on the axis or Orchid grower to the late
years' service as
axes. Sir Trevor Lawrence, and subsequently to
?<.5e
II Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, Mr. W. H. White
has decided to seek another appointment.
Orchids of Shikotan. — " The Flora of The Burford Collection has long been noted
the Island of Shikotan," by Hisayoshi for rare and valuable plants, many of which
Takeda, is the subject of an article in the last require exceptional skill for their successful
issue of the Journal of the Linnean Society cultivation. In this matter Mr. White has
(Vol. XLIL, No.287)." Shikotan is a small amply shown and received a large
his abilit)',
island lying about sixty miles off the Port of number of Cultural Commendations from the
Nemuro, in the extreme east of Yezo. Its R.H..S. Orchid Committee, of which he was
area is about 140 square miles, the surface one of its original members.

VOL. V. 4
26 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Xovcmber, 1914.

Back Bulbs. — That it is possible for a turned up with Messrs. Linden, of Brussels ;

plant to have too man}' back bulbs is no new while another, though perhaps the same plant,
thought, for when old bulbs have lost their flowered in Mr. J. Chamberlain's collection,
means of self support they become a May, 1S94. Exactly two years later the Hon.
hindrance to the newer portion. Three to Walter Rothschildexhibited at the Royal
four strong bulbs is generally sufficient to Horticultural Society a Cattleya bearing the

support the new growth. Capt. Robert Twiss, name intermedio-Loddigesii, and said to have
Birdhill,Limerick, sends us two photographs been imported from Rio de Janeiro, the
of an Oncidium serratum which consists of characteristics of the flower leaving little

only two bulbs, each about 7 inches in doubt as to the parentage being correct. In
height, and a new growth, and carries a spike 1889 Mr. T. L. Mead, of Oviedo, Florida,
of 67 flowers. The same amateur also has U.S.A., flowered the first of a batch of about
in his collection a plant of Renanthera 100 seedlings, which he had raised between
Imschootiana which, although only g inches intermedia and Loddigesii, this being duly
seven flower spikes.
in height, carries recorded as Cattleya Claesiana {Orch. Rei\,
1899, p. 72), and proving that the parentage
^ ^ suggested in the earlier known plants was
Promising Seedlings. — Messrs. Arm- correct. It is of interest to note that ]Mr.

strong and Brown have two interesting little Mead raised the seedlings on a small piece
batches of seedlings which, apart from their of woollen blanket kept in the necessary
promising parentage, are worth}- of note on condition of moisture. All the preceding
account of the rapid progress they have made. remarks, of course, apply to the normally
The first is between Cattle}-a aurea and C. coloured forms. Now we have the pleasure
Lueddemanniana Stanleyi, which should of recording the flowering of a pure white
yield beautiful flowers of the albida section, variety, the first one of a batch of plants
that is, white sepals and petals and a coloured raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, by
labellum. The seed was sown April 26th, the use of intermedia alba and Loddigesii
1 91and the majority of the plants already
2, alba. The result is of interest, inasmuch as
have six little bulbs. The other is between it shows the possibility of producing another

C. Gaskelliana alba and C. O'Brieniana alba
the seed was sown September 8th, 191 2, and
most of the seedlings possess five small bulbs.
^ IS
; albino hybrid, and is likel}' to yield plants
of considerable vigour, judging from the
well-known fact that the majority of hybrids
are better growers than their parents.

Cattleva Cl.esiana alba. Although — U IS ^

C. intermedia and C. Loddigesii bear a close
resemblance to each other, they possess —
Oncidium varicosum. This species has
certain unvar}-ing points which render them a bad reputation, for in few collections does
easily distinguishable. Considering the fact it maintain the \ igorous nature seen m newly

that both species are known to inhabit the imported plants. There is, therefore, pleasure
same district m
Rio de Janeiro, one would in recording the success obtained by ]\Ir. Alf.

\ ery natural!}- suppose that hybrids would be J. Paine, of Wanstead, Essex, who, it will be

fairly plentiful, but such has not proved to remembered, contributed to our issue of
be the case among the countless number of December, 191 3, an interesting article on the
imported plants. Ma}-be this is because cultivation of this species. Some old plants
collectors have only gathered plants in m this amateur's have again
collection
districts where each species is fairly well produced excellent spikes, one having the
separated, and have not touched upon ground large number of 251 flowers, while others
where they grow intermixed. The first have over 100. One plant carries three
hybrid which appears to have been noticed spikes, each 2i feet in height.
 III-: oRrini) wori.d. 27

Odontoglossum Mogul, a beautiful hybrid in the collection of Lieul.-Col. Sir George Holford,
K.C.V.O., Westonbiri.

Mr. Joseph Chamberlain. — The Kew to the eye and to the intellect. It must not
Dull el hi, 1 914, No. 7, contains an In be supposed that in such matters his own
Memoriam notice of this great statesman, taste was otherwise than refined and catholic.
who gave to Kew stimulus, encouragement He had a wide knowledge of cultivated
and support, and who desired that in these species. His button-hole was no affecta-
' '

gardens the people should have the

historic tion, but a note of affection for the plants
enjoyment of the best that a rich man could from which official life kept him aloof. One
afford. We
cannot do better than reprint night in the House of Commons the late
the paragraph more particularly concerning Lord Avebury, then Sir John Lubbock, also
Orchids, which is as follows: "Kew — appeared with an Orchid in his button-hole.
possesses a collection of Orchids which from Mr. Chamberlain at once pounced upon it as
a scientific point of view has no rival. It has something unknown to him. It was our
been built up by the energy and cultural skill native Butterfly Orchid which Sir John had
of the present Curator. Mr. Chamberlain gathered that morning in his woods at High
thought that more concession should be made Elms. It IS not trivial to touch on these

to popular taste in growing showy kinds of matters. In drawing a portrait the small
no more than horticultural attraction. Kew touches are at least as significant as the
cannot afford to give a thousand guineas for large outlines. Mr. Chamberlain's aim was
an Odontoglossum nor can it be expected
; throughout consistent he desired that the
;

to reflect every whim of passing fashion.
Mr. Chamberlain contributed Dendrobium
hybrids, the result of crosses
own hand. It must have been
tohim when, in 191 3, the munificence of Sir
George Holford again realised his larger aim,
and the Kew Orchids can now appeal equally
splendour of a garden should not be the
privilege only of the rich. He had the gift of
made with his carrying with him the enthusiasm of all who
a gratification worked under him, and as the advisor of the
Government in all that concerns botanical
enterprise in the Colonies he did excellent
work."
28 THE ORCHID WORLD. [November, 1914.

Cypripedium Godefroya leucochilum car. Hodgk'^sonii. Awarded First-class Cerlif.cale,

R.H.S., July 1 0th, 1906, when exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons.

Award of the White Medal of A 40 FT. Flower Spike. — Mr. Geo. Day
Honour. — The Board of Trustees of the sends us part of the flower spike of Oncidium
Massachusetts Horticultural Society has porrigens growing in Mr. H. S. Goodson's
awarded the George Robert White Medal of collection, Fairlawn, Putney, and remarks that
Honour for the current year to Sir Harry J. the total length over 40 ft. Mr. Kromer
is

Veitch, in recognition of his distinguished sent the plant home along with O. macran-
services mpromoting the advancement of thum, to which it bears some resemblance, but
horticulture both in Great Britain and in the the individual although extremely
flowers,
United States. This is the sixth award of numerous, are considerably smaller. Sepals
this medal, which was established in 1908 by and petals brown tipped with yellow ;

G. R. White, of Boston, to be awarded hp cinnamon, bearing an orange coloured

annually by the above Society to the person callosity. The specific name, meaning
who has done the most in recent years extending, was given to the plant by Reichen-
Inwards the advancement of the interest in bach, who first described it in the year 1868.
horticulture in its liroadest sense. A native of Colombia.
 ;

NoAciiihcr, i<)i4.] Ill': ORCHID WORM). 29

ODONTOGLOSSUM ALHAMBRA.
nobile llanyaiiiiin

Roliefe crispimi Ilarryanum triiiini)Iians

(ardriitissiimim)
I
Mm. Valcke)
|
(
|

Lambeauiaiiuin Ouecii Aii-.\aiKlra

I I
(Crawshayamun)

Alhambra.

This will be an addition to the large lipped three-quarters covered by lilac-pur])le spots.

race that Harryaniim has <^"iven. Blooming In form it is much like that of the pollen
as it is from a very small plant in the extreme parent.
heat of Inly, what is now ajiparent is nothing I raised and bloomed this, the first of the
to what it may he. seedlings, which have been exceptionally slow
Sejjals and jietals light )'ellow, almost in growth. Sown June 14th, igog. Con-
covered with a marbling of light brown with sidering the strong parentage this period of
a bluish slate}' hue running through it. Lip five years is rather remarkable.
very large, even on a x ery small plant, white, dc B. Crnioshay, Roxrfir/d, July jyth, IQI /•

SCHOMBURGKIA TIBICINIS. There were 16 flowers on the spike as a first

batch, followed by an elongation of the tip

THE last issue of the Journal oj tlic

Agri-Horlicultural Society of India
which produced eight flowers and by a further
growth bearing three buds, this however
has for its frontispiece a reproduced being damaged in a hail storm. The first

photograph of Schomburgkia tibicinis flowers were open from the 24th of March to
grandiflora, and the following interesting the 8th 1 and the second batch from
AjDril,

particulars :
— the 29th April to the 15th May.
"
The genus Schomburgkia is a native of " The individual flowers of the variety
Tropical America although the species in grandiflora were 2 inches across, petals and
question is generally found in Honduras sepals rather narrow, oblong-obtuse in shape
this produces very attractive flowers and is a and undulate, of a pale carmine-purple in
desirable variety from many points of view, in colour on the outside with white,
spotted
spite of the fact that it is unfortunately very inside the carmine merged into pale orange
shy of flowering. towards the tips. The hp was very similar in
" In growth the Schombuigkia resembles a shape to that of a Phaius, being marked
Cattleya or Laelia with the flower-spike borne like an Alpmia, the general colour of the
on a gaunt stem from the apex of the outside being a creain)-white streaked
pseudo-bulb. at the widest part with purplish-carmine,
" In the Society's sj^ecimen the plant that while the inside was tigered chocolate-
flowered had 13 stems or pseudo-bulbs very brown. The disc and front lobe was a
hard, hollow and horn-shaped, all about pale yellow, tipped carmine, and the column
12 inches in length with the exception of the a pale carmine.
one bearing the flower-spike, which was only "A couple of plants of Epidendrum nemorale
6 inches long. The leaves were stout and were in flower when the second batch of
leathery, oblong in shape, three to four on Schomburgkia came into bloom, and the
each stem, and the spike after all the flowers opportunity was taken to hybridise both the
liad opened was 6 feet high, though the Orchids. No pods set on the Schomburgkia,
flowers were only borne on about two feet however, and only one on the Epidendrum,
of the stem at the extremity of the spike. which fell off in June."

VOL. V.
5
30 THE ORCHID WORLD. [November, 1914.

YELLOW CATTLEYAS. visible it has a very marked effect in the

beneficial manner in which the purple colour

ONE of the most obscure

secrets is the means by which various
of Nature's is rendered of a brighter nature.
quently, the presence of the yellow, although
Conse-

colours are produced in flowers. hidden from view for the time being, remains
Recent research, however, has led to the undoubted.
discovery of several facts of far-reaching From the above facts one would naturally
importance, and there is good reason to suppose that the purple pigment is the real
believe that at some not far distant date the aggressor, and if only it could be removed,
chemist will be able to give us practical then, doubtless, the yellow would appear in
advice on the production of many desired all its splendour. But with this our promising
colours. But until the arrival of this l)rognostications once again end in further
important event the experiences of the past disappointments.
must be utilised to their fullest extent, and There are many examples of the afore-
present methods continued with unabated mentioned species which are in an albino
vigour. state, and these, being without the appar-

Owing to the abundant supply of purple- ently aggressive purple pigment, gave
coloured Cattleyas it is not surprising to find considerable hope that by their use the large
that hybridists have devoted considerable flowering yellow Cattleya might even yet be
time and energy to the production of other obtained. Results, however, have proved
colours, and of these yellow is certainly the that such is not likely to be the case. The
most attractive. If the prevailing colour of following hybrids made with aurea and
Cattleyas were yellow, then Orchidists would albino forms of the respective species have
no doubt seek after the production of purple recently flowered, and in not a single instance
flowers ; but this, as we know full well, is not has the yellow colour of aurea been able to
the case ; the purple colour is everywhere in manifest itself :
—
C. Maggie Raphael alba
abundance, while yellow is unquestionably (Trianae alba x aurea), C. Empress Frederick
scarce. alba (Mossiae Wageneri x aurea), C. Lord
When the desire to produce yellow Rothschild alba (aurea x Gaskelliana alba)
Cattleyas first occurred the prospects cer- and C. Hardyana alba (Warscewiczii Frau
tainly appeared fairly favourable, but as one Melanie Beyrodt x aurea). In all these
experiment after another led to failure it soon hybrids the sepals and petals are either white
became evident that the work was one of or creamy-white the labellums coloured as
;

considerable complexity and full of dis- expected.

appointments. One species in preference to We must next consider several hybrids
all others was selected by practically every which cannot exactly be classed in the yellow-
hybridist as being certain to yield the desired flowering section, although when used in the
results. This was Cattleya aurea, which, as making of subsequent generations they have
we now know only too well, has failed to proved of unexpected value in this respect.
answer the expectations placed upon it. They are Chamberlainiana (Leopoldii x
The golden-yellow of aurea never dominates aurea), Iris (bicolor x aurea), iridescens
the purple of its allied species. When in (bicolor X Eldorado), and Mrs. Mahler (bicolor
connection with Warscewiczii, as a natural X Leopoldii). In the making of these the
hybrid (Hardyana), the yellow is always original intention of the hybridist was not so
subordinate. Likewise, in all artificially much the production of pure yellow flowers,
produced hybrids between aurea and Trianae, but rather the bringing forth of other good
Mossiag, Mendelii, Gaskelliana, Luedde- such as stiffness of sepals and petals,
qualities,

manniana and labiata, respectively, in each good shape, and attractive colours. These
of which the prevailing colour is purple. Yet, four hybrids have yielded flowers of a more
although m these h\'brids the yellow is not or less bronzy-yellow, each one having its
November, 1914.] THE ORCHID WORIJ). 31

Lalio-Callleya luminosa ''Canary" (C. aurea X L. tenebrosa "Walton Grange

var"). Sepals and petals canary-yellow. In the Westonbirl collection.

own characteristic formation and

points of defect may be remedied m course of time by
colour tint, yet alland at one time
beautiful further crossing with carefully selected
or another valuable plants from a commercial parents probably an additional mating with
;

aspect. aurea will produce the desired result.

It should further be noted that each of the An interesting experiment could be carried
above hybrids has either Leopoldii or bicolor out by the making of an improved Chamber-
as one parent, in one case both are present, lainiana by means of the albino form of
and an examination of the flowers of these Leopoldii, described on page 2 of this volume.
two species will show that they possess a There does not appear to be any reason why
peculiar greenish-yellow tint what this is ; the albino nature of this particular variety
really composed of is more than can be deter- should not be carried forward in the same
"
mined, but it appears to be just the material manner that L. tenebrosa " Walton Grange
that IS required to produce a bright yellow variety is perpetuated in certain forms
colour when used in correct proportion with of L.-C. luminosa. L.-C. Mrs. Donald
aurea. As proof of this the following crosses MacMaster (luminosa x aurea) is a recent
have yielded some astonishing results :
— success, the sepals and petals in many
Antiope (Chamberlainiana x aurea), Venus varieties being bright golden-yellow.
(Iris X aurea), Sybil (iridescens x aurea) and This latter remark brings us to the making
Pandemus (Mrs. Mahler x aurea). Of course, of a yellow Cattleya by the assistance of
reversion has taken an active part, resulting various La^lias ;
perhaps yellow Laelio-
in many undesirable varieties, but against this Cattleyas would be a better term to use,
there has been a satisfactory number of although having regard to the fact that a
beautiful results, flowers in which the sepals Laeha has probably been used but once they
and petals are pure bright yellow, of varying are more inclined to be Cattleyas than
intensity. With regard to size the flowers are Laelias so far as their actual parentage is
not quite so large as that of aurea, but this concerned. In these we find much use has
3^ THK ORCHID WORLD. [XovL-niDer, 191. j.

Lcelio-Cattleya Sunslai {Andromeda X Myra). Sefials. petals and labelluni bright

canary-yellou). In the collection of C. /. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks.

been made of L. xanthinii, a BraziLiau canary-yellow colour, but it is unfortunately

species that also possesses an uncommon of comparatively diminutive size. Neverthe-
greenish-yellow colour. less, its contmued use has produced, slowly
In Ophir (xanthina x aurea) the
L.-C. but surely, many worthy additions to the
result can be considered moderately
onl\- }ellow race. The value of this species
good, but in L.-C. Thyone (Ophir x aurea) depends entirely on its pure yellow colour,
greater success is obtained, no doubt owing and not, as in previously mentioned species,
to the correct amount of this greenish-) ellow on any greenish-yellow material, whatever
material being included. During the present that may consist of. Hybrids made by its
year many exceptionally fine results have use are plentiful, but a consideration of the
been seen in L.-C. Thyone, and others will following will be sufficient to prove its utility :

doubtless follow. Norba (xanthina x

L.-C. — L.-C. Andromeda (flava x aurea), ]\Iyra
Mossiae) is another hybrid that mated with (flava x Trianae) and Sunstar (Andromeda x
aurea gives satisfactory being
results, these Myra), of which an illustration is included in
known under the name L.-C. Mrs. Phayre. the present issue principall\- to show its
One of the earliest of the yellow Laelio- form in colour it is bright canary-yellow. All
;

Cattleyas was Golden Glory (IMossiae these h\ brids possess the desired pure yellow
Reineckiana x L.-C. Zeph\ r), the latter parent colour, but taken on the whole they are con-
being a hybrid between xanthina and siderabl)- smaller than those containing aurea.
iVIendelii. L. Cowanii must also be included, for with
La?lia flava possesses the desired bright it and aurea the pretty L.-C. Ariel has been
.\<)\c'iiil)('r, 1914.] 'IHI-: ORCHID WORI.I). 33

produced. L.-C. Gold Star (Ariel x Mendelii) The greenish-yellow L;elia xaiilliina has
is a good example of the succeeding genera- been rcspcmsible for more than one good
tion. A favourable combination of flava and result, though probably L.-C. Ophir (xanthiiia
( uw anii is seen in L.-C. Euripides, the result X aurea) is the best known and has been most
ul crossing Myra (fla\a x Trianic) and Gold utilised. In L.-C. Thyone (Ophir x aurea) a
Crest (Cowanii x Sehruderas). large flower with upstanding petals of rich
yellow colour can be seen alongside L.-C
Sandhurstiana (Ophir x Hardyana), which is
somewhat larger, and shows signs of C.
ORCHIDS AT TUNBRIDGE Warscewiczii contained in the Hardyana
WELLS. parent both plants are worthy additions to
;

any collection. L.-C. Rainbow has for its

AT this
number
season of the
of Cattleyas are to be seen
The
year

past
a large

summer
parents Iris and
Warscewiczii), several of the seedlings have
Phr)ne (xanthina x

in their best attire. already produced attractive flowers of buff-

has been very favourable for the production yellow colour, the labellum more or less
of \igorous and well-matured bulbs, which marked with crimson. Although there is
alone can yield the s]3lendid results so hardly a collection which does not already
eagerly sought after by amateurs and trade contain one or more plants of Brasso-Cattleya
growers alike. The Cattleyas cultivated by Mrs. J. Leemann, a
steady demand still exists
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Sandhurst forgood varieties and unflowered plants.
Park, Tunbridge Wells, have this season Laelio-Cattleya George Woodhams (L.
surpassed anything previously seen in their purpurata x C. Hardyana) is represented by
establishment this encouraging result being
; many large specimen plants, all of choice
undoubtedly due to the excellent situation variety. The flowers of this hybrid are
and highly beneficial climate, and also to among the and richest of all the
darkest
the correct cultural treatment at all times Laelio-Cattleyas, and on that account it is not
afforded the plants. surprising to find that Messrs. Armstrong and
Yellow-flowering Cattleyas are much in Brown have largely utilised them for the
evidence, and include several attractive production of further good results. Success
\ arieties of C. Orion (Hardyana x aurea), the has been achieved in L.-C. Maqueda (G.
labellum often being bordered with rich Woodhams x C. Lord Rothschild), which
crimson ; C. Iris, which ranges from bronze- carries a spike of four large flowers of Mvid
yellow to mahogany colour ; C. conspicua purple L.-C. Probus (C. Octave Doin x G.
;

(bicolor X Gaskelliana), of varying buff tints Woodhams) L.-C. Pronax (L.-C. elegans x
;

shaded with light rose ; C. Acis (Maronii x G. Woodhams) ; L.-C. Armstrongia? (G.
aurea), a very brightand attractive flower of Woodhams x C. Iris) ; and Priola (G. Wood-
golden-yellow colour and Maroniris, a new
; hams X C. Mrs. Pitt). Another new hybrid
h)'brid between Maronii and Iris, which just coming into flower is L.-C. Brutus (L.-C.
promises to yield many pleasing varieties of bletchleyensis x C. Warscewiczii).
bronze and yellow-tinted flowers that will no Of the older and better known h\brids
doubt prove of further value for hybridisa- there are to be seen many plants of Cattle\ a
tion, having regard to the fact that the Evadne (Percivaliana x Schilleriana); C. Ajax
parents are made up of aurea, bicolor and (L.-C. Armstrongias x aurea) ; L.-C. Sunset, a
velutina. One other novelty worthy of notice beautiful hybrid between L. Jongheana and
isC. Pandemus, the result of crossing aurea C. Percivaliana ; L.-C. Acis (Maronii x
and Mrs. Mahler (bicolor x Leopoldii), the aurea) ; C. Oberon (Fabia x Hardyana), of
influence of Leopoldii yielding many-flowered bright, rich purple and Cattle)'a Hardyana,
;

spikes, otherwise the blooms resemble a small Rosslyn variety.

form of C. Iris. Albinos are represented by La?ha purpurata

VOL. V. 6
34 THE ORCHID WORLD. [November, 1914.

Cattleya Maggie Raphael alha (C. Triane alba x C. aurea).

A fine variety in the collection of Richd. G. Thwailes, Esq., Strealham.

Lewisii, the only colour being a few faint alba and C. Snowdon, a very interesting
;

lines on the labellum ; a very fine variety of hybrid between C. Suzanne Hye de Crom
Cattleya Dusseldorfei Undine ; the new C. (Gaskelliana x Mossiae) and C. labiata, all
Classiana alba, fully described in another part three species being albino forms and yielding
of this issue ; several varieties of C. labiata a further albino result.
November, 1914.] mi-: oRciiii) w'ORij). 35

One of the most interesting features of tins not appear to be in any way more satisfactory
establishment is the large batch of Cattleya than when only one growth is made during
Maggie Raphael (Trianas alba x aurea). The the season. Still, if a rapid increase of the
plants are a picture of good health, while the stock is required this vigorous habit is much
immense number of flower sheaths is to be desired.
astonishing, even small plants showing signs Miltonias include many choice varieties of
of This hybrid commences its
bloom. which grow very satisfactorily in a
vexillaria,
flowering season in the early part of span-roof house wherein a regular tempera-
December and continues until the latter part ture of 60-65 degrees is maintained. Two
of January, thus furnishing an abundance of very meritorious Miltonias with large hand-
bloom during the Christmas season and somely-blotched labellums bear the names
during what would otherwise be the dullest J. Gurney Fowler and Miss Louisa Fowler.
eight weeks in the year. There is, as one Odontonia brugensis, an interesting hybrid
would expect, a certain amount of variation between M. vexillaria and O. Edwardii, will
in the flowers, some being of broader dimen- soon be in flower once again.
sions than others, and having brighter purple
on the labellum. In the majority of cases the
sepals and petals are pure white. These ODONTOGLOSSUM AMONILLA.
plants possess a remarkable amount of vigour;
cristatum Kegeljani
no matter how small may be the back bulb
that is severed from the plant, it quickly
cristatellum Harryanum nobile crispiim
commences to make a new growth and
rapidly increases in size.
|_
I
!
J (blotched)

, I
I

It may here be worth while to mention the Amonasro armainvillierense

! I
(Theodora)
compost that is almost always used for
Cattleyas and allied species and hybrids. It Amonilla.
consists of a mixture of A.i and Osmunda This plant bloomed upon the " eve of the
fibres in about equal parts, to which is added War," hence the delay in its description
a little sphagnum moss, some finely broken appearing. Being one of my secondary
crocks, and a small quantity of clean oak hybrids from cristatellum it has, perhaps,
leaves. Although it is not advisable to repot more interest to me than anyone else, as the
plants during the winter months whenever preponderance of " expression " in the bloom
the collection is situated near a large town, 13 easily seen to come from that parent.
with a consequent loss of bright light and The massive coloration derived from
growing conditions, this remark does not Harryanum in all its power is very strongly
apply to Tunbridge Wells, where repotting marked. Sepals light yellow, almost entirely
may be carried out right through the winter covered by deep brown having a slight shade
months. The large batch of Cattleya Maggie of slate colour in it, the tips, margins, and
Raphael is always attended to directly the two bars across the brown being the only part
flowers have been removed, a time when root unbrowned. Petals have less heavy brown
action is dormant, and consequently when areas, marbled pretty much, as is usual in
little or no harm can be done to the plant's Harryanum hybrids. Lip pure white and
constitution. By the time the last plant has very large, having one immense arrow-head
been attended to there is abundant sign of blotch of bluish-sheened brown.
root action, and before many more weeks This should make a fine parent, and being
have elapsed new roots can be seen pushing crossed from a z'ery lilac crispum and verj'

forth in every part of the new compost. purple Thompsonianum ought to bring the
Some of the plants have made two succeeding " blue " a step further. This is the second
bulbs in one season, and although they are plant of this cross to bloom.
of almost normal size the flowering results do de B. Craws hay, Rosefield, October ^th,
^5 THK ORCHI ) WORLD. [November, 1914.

apex, 1-4 feet long. Peduncles one to three

SCUTICARIA STEELEI. Flowers nearly inches m
flowered. 3

introduced
was from diameter, light yellow spotted with red-brown,
THISDemerara
plant
1836 by Mr. Matthew
in the fleshy crest of the lip orange-yellow.

Steele, by whom it was presented

to

Otterspool, near Liverpool, in

Mr. Moss, of
whose garden it flowered for the first time m ANCISTROCHILUS
this country in the following year. THOMSONIANUS.
Manyplants considerably unlike in appear-
Orchid, at one time
ance were at one time classed as MaxiUarias, THISverypretty little

and
and it was not until Lindley, in 1843, made a rarely seen in cultivation,

revision of the genus that anything approach- even now none too often, was
ing order was obtained. This renowned originally discovered by Kalbreyer when
Orchidologist stated:--" In 1833 the number collecting Orchids in West Tropical Africa
of species was inconsiderable, and consisted for Messrs. Veitch and Sons. It was described

of plants extremely different m appearance, by Reichenbach in 1879 under the name

as well as structure, but connected by the Pachystoma Thomsoniana, being dedicated,
" the late Rev.
common character of a pair of simple or at the discoverer's request, to
two-lobed pollen-masses, having a distinct George Thomson, who was unusually kind-
gland with a single caudicula, and belonging hearted in his English reception of the

to a flower whose lateral sepals, oblique at German traveller." All previously recorded
their base, were adherent to the lengthened species were of Asiatic origin, hence this one
foot of the column. In fact Maxillana, among was of more than ordinary interest. Sir

Vandeas, answered in many respects to Joseph Hooker, however, doubted much

Dendrobium among Malaxea?. whether it really belonged to Pachystoma,
" But experience has shown that such a although he was unable to find a more
character as this brings into association plants suitable genus in which to place it. Subse-
of very different appearance, that it includes quently, Mr. Rolfe created a new genus for

many other characters, of as much importance its reception, under the name Ancistrochilus,
as itself, and brings together a group of in allusion to the hook-like lobe of the lip.

species inconveniently large for systematical It is a native of the mountains Old of

purposes. .Such being the case it has now Calabar, in West Africa, and consequently
become desirable to reconsider the distinctive inhabits one of the hottest parts of the globe.
marks of Maxillana, to see how far they are For its successful cultivation a constantly
capable of sub-division." warm and moist atmosphere must be
Lindley then defined the true MaxiUarias, provided, such as is obtained in the
species with radical inflorescence, and a Phalaenopsis house. Suitable provision should
pseudo-bulbous growth, and added: "As — be made for its sub-terrestrial, creeping
for Maxillaria Steelei, with its long thonged habit, such as a shallowpan or teak basket
leaves and deficient pseudo-bulbs, it has that can be conveniently suspended near the
nothing of the aspect of a Maxillaria, and roof-glass of the house. The sepals and
having a pair of double pollen-masses sitting petals are white, the lip traversed by five
on a gland tapering to each end with the raised longitudinal purple lines. It is, as Sir
form of a gliding serpent, it may be Joseph Hooker once remarked, " a very
advantageously struck off^ under the name lovely species ; its and the
graceful form
Scuticaria." purity and brilliancy of its white, and the
The stems are as thick as an ordinary vividness of its purple, render it one of the
writing pencil, 1-2 inches long, invested with most beautiful Orchids of its type and habit,
greyish, lacerated, membraneous sheaths. which remind one a good deal of some
Leaves quite pendulous, tapering towards the Pleiones."
November, igJ4.I THR ORCIIII) W^ORLD.
38 THE ORCHID WORLD. [November, 1914.

Scuticaria Steelei,
November, 1914.] Illl-: ORCHID WORLD. 39

BARKERIAS. Flow(Ts I J, inches across, of dark r<jse

colour, the lip whitish and with a large

ALTHOUGH Barkenas arc ultcii rosy-purple blotch near the apex.
included 111 the j^enus lipidendruui
•
it is ad\isablc from the cultivator's
purpose to keep them separate. Beiny;
natives of Central America and Mexico, they
may be expected to succeed well in company
with Laelia anceps. Plenty of ventilation
whenever the outside atmospheric conditions
will allow, a liy;ht position near the ylass, with
slight shading during the hottest period of
the summer, and plenty of moisture at the
roots during the growing season, are their
principal requirements. In order to preserve
the plants in a healthy condition during the
winter months the amount of moisture should
be considerably reduced.

Barkena Lindleyanum.

B. Lindleyana has terete stems 8 to

1 inches in height, with leaves 4 to 5 inches
2

long. The many-flowered spikes ha\ e blooms

2 inches across vertically, of bright rose-
purple, except the disc of the hp which is
white. It usually flowers during September
and October. The variety Centerae has
larger flowers, with the lip more acute, and
generally of a deeper colour, especially the
apical portion of the lip. It is dedicated to
Mrs. Center, the wife of the then superin-
tendent of the Panama Railway. This
species was originally discovered in Costa
Rica in 1839, and flowered for the first time
Barkeria elegans. under cultivation in 1841. The variety
Centcrae was introduced in 1873. The months
Barkena elegans is the species upon which of November and December see this plant at
the genus was founded by Knowles and its best.
Wescott. It was introduced from Mexico
in 1837 by Mr. Barker, of Birmingham,
through his collector Ross, but it seems
to have disappeared from cultivation soon
afterwards. It was re-introduced in 1853 by
Mr. Linden, through Ghiesbreght, who
collected it on the slopes of the Guerrero
Mountains near the Pacific coast of Mexico,
north of Acapulco, where it is said to grow
chiefly on stunted Crescentia trees. The
terete stems are g to 1 2 inches high leaves
;

linear-lanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 inches long. Bark,eria Sl^inneri.

40 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Xoxembcr, 1914.

B. Skinneri is a beautiful free-flowering Cattleya General French. — Messrs.

species, with erect stems a foot high clotlied .Sander and Sons have raised this attractive
with rather fleshy leaves. It is one of the hybrid, the parents being C. Ella (W'arsce-
many discoveries of Mr. Ure Skinner, who wiczii X bicolor) and C. Dowiana. Some of
sent it to Mr. Bateman in 1835, in whose the seedlings resemble large forms of C. Iris
collection it flowered during" the following and C. Adula, while others take after the
year. It is a native of Guatemala, where it well-known C. Hardyana.
grows upon trees on the mountains. The Cattleya Maroniris. — The name of
flower-spikes are often 2 feet in length, this hybrid suggests its parentage, Maronii x
each bearing from twenty to thirty flowers, of Ins, which is made up of aurea, bicolor and
bright magenta-purple, except the yellow velutina,hence the progeny will be mainly of
disc and orange lamellae of the lip. The yellow and bronze-yellow tints. Raised by
period of blooming is from November to Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge
February, so it forms one of the best of Wells.
wmter-flowering Orchids. L.elio-Cattleyas. The following have —
B. spectabilis was also sent from Guatemala been raised by Messrs. Armstrong and
by Mr. Ure Skinner. It is a charming species, Brown —
L.-C. Pronax (L.-C. elegans x L.-C.
:

with cylindrical stems 4 or 5 inches high. Geo. Woodhams), L.-C. Probus (C. Octave
I he spikes carry eight or ten spreading Doin X L.-C. Geo. Woodhams), L.-C. Priola
blooms, each about 3 to 4 inches wide, of (L.-C. Geo. Woodhams x C. Mrs. Pitt), L.-C.
rosy-lilac colour, the lip paler and spotted P) los (C. Caduceus x L.-C. Geo. Woodhams),
with deep Specimens have been
purple. L.-C. Brutus (L.-C. bletchleyensis x C.
grown with many
as twenty spikes of
as Warscewiczii), and L.-C. Pirus (L.-C. luminosa
bloom, and when so exhibited have a fine X L.-C. elegans).
effect. Cattleya Pandemus. —A useful hybrid
composed of the three species bicolor,
Leopoldii and aurea, the two having been
NEW HYBRIDS. connected many years ago in the
first

Woodlands
Cattleya Beatrice.— a very beautiful collection where it was known under the
result has been achieved by Messrs. Hassall name C. Mrs. Mahler. This last-mentioned
and Co., who raised this hybrid between C. plant and C. aurea have been used by Messrs.
Minucia (Loddigesii x Warscewiczii) and C. Armstrong and Brown in the production of
aurea. The colour of the thick upstanding C. Pandemus.
sepals and petals is bright golden buff, the Cymbidium Hanburyanum. — A very
open labellum of similar colour but with a attractive primary hybridbetween Tracyanum
broad crimson-purple band round the margin. and erythrostylum has been raised in the
L.tlio-Cattleya Stelis. Raised by — collection of Mr. Fred. J. Hanbury, Brock-
Mr. Thurgood in the Rosslyn collection, hurst, East Grinstead. The flowers, borne
Stamford Hill. The parents are L.-C. bletch- 5-6 on semi-erect spikes, are light greenish-
leyensisand C. mtncata, the latter being a yellow in colour, the sepals and upstanding
natural h\-bnd between intermedia and falcate petals lined with dull crimson ; the
Leopoldii, although it has also been raised three-lobed hairy labellum heavily spotted
artificially. with dark crimson on the inner side of the
Cattleya General Pau.— This new lateral lobes, and with larger spots on the
primary between
hybrid Lueddemanniana yellowish median lobe column arching in
;

and labiata has been recently flowered by the form, of rose-red colour, anther cap creamy-
raisers, Messrs. Sander and Sons. The white. This is the second hybrid of C.
flower is of large dimensions, and clearly erythrostylum to be recorded, the first
shows the characteristic marbling on the hp being C. Florinda, described in Vol. IV.,
of the former parent. 36.
p.
 J —

NoNrnibiT, 1914. Till': ORCHID WOl'tl.D. 41

CATTLEYA CiENERAL SiMnH-DuRRlEN. ('ai tleva Leuru Rollin.— a pleasing

I his was exhibited by (^ol. J. Rutherford, result obtained by crossing Carmen (Luedde-
M.P., Blackburn, at the Manchester Orchid manniana x Warscewiczii) and Fabia. Se[)als
Society,September 24th, 19 14. The parents and petals rosy-mauve, the labellum rich
are Maronii and Mantinii. crimson-pur[)le. Flowered tjy Mr. Arthur
Cattleya Bronze King. -A nchly- Meyer, Briars, Whetstone.
coloured flower of bronze-reil colour resulting ZygopeTALUM Blackii. -The i)a rents of
from the use of C. Davisii (vclutina x this plant are Perrenoudii (intermedium x
Hardyana) and aurea. In shape it resembles Gauteri) and crinitum. Sepals and petals
velutina, but is larger in all the segments. greenish, heavily blotched with purple-brown,
C. Davisii was originally shown by Mr. J. the hairy labellum white veined with rich
Gurney Fowler in September, igo6; C. violet-purple. Recently exhibited by Messrs.
Bronze King has just flowered in his collection Flory and Black, Slough.
at Pembury. L.ELIO-CaTTLEYA PATHEUS. — The result

OUONTOGLOSSUM URO-EXCELLENS. — The of crossing L.-C. Geo. Woodhams and C.

parentage of this interesting hybrid is almost Armstrongiae. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong
gi\en in its specific name, V^eing Uro- and Brown, Tunbridge Wells.
Skinneri and excellens, the latter a natural L/ELIO-Cattleya Paruda. —
Another
hybrid between tnumphans and Pescatorei. attractive hybrid raised by Messrs. Armstrong
In structure the flower resembles Uro- and Brown. The parents are L.-C. Geo.
Skinneri, but the coloration is nearer to Woodhams and C. Mrs. Mahler (Leopoldii x
excellens. The broad labellum creamy- is bicolor).

white with dark rosy-crimson blotches, and a

row of irregular rose spots inside the margin. Flowers in Season. — Among the flowers
Received an Award of Appreciation when kindly sent by correspondents the following
exhibited at the Manchester Orchid Society, are worthy of mention: — Cattleya Dido
September 24th, by Mr. Richd. Ashworth, in (Bowringiana x Iris), of rich rose-purple C. ;

whose Newchurch it was

collection at raised.
Kienastiana (Lueddemanniana x aurea), light
Denurobium Triumph. This is — a par- mauve with mottled labellum, and produced
ticularly interesting hybrid between thyrsi- from seed sown three years and seven months
florum and pulchellum, the latter parent being ago and Laelio-Cattleya Mrs. Donald
;

better knowngardens under the name

in MacM aster (lummosa x aurea), an excellent
Dalhousieanum. The stout stems are about example, with rich yellow sepals and petals
three feet in height, while the drooping and crimson labellum all from Mr. F. C.
;

raceme consisted of eight flowers, the broad Puddle, Scampston Hall Gardens, Rillington,
sepals and petals yellowish-white, the open York. Laelio-Cattleya Barbara (C. Gaskel-
labellum rich yellow. Raised by Messrs. liana x L. lona), a pleasing variety, showing
Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells. evidence of L. Dayana derived through L.
Sophro-Cattleya Ariadne. —An inter-
lona in former years the petals have been
;

esting primary hybrid between S. grandiflora streaked with dark crimson, but this season it
and C. Schilleriana. The sepals and petals IS absent, possibly owing to the plant not
are somewhat narrow, a deficiency which is being quite so well cultivated. From Mr.
more than made up by the particularly rich Eustace F. Clark, Evershot, Dorset.
bronze-red colour ; the labellum three-lobed,
the median segment broad and flat, rose-
crimson veined with dark purple. To Messrs. Royal Horticultural
Society. —
Armstrong and Brown is due the credit of Meetings be held on the following days
will :

raising and flowering this hybrid, which — November 3rd and 17th, December ist and
cannot by any means be considered an easy 1 5th. The Orchid Committee will meet as
one to cultivate. usual.
42 THE ORCHID WORLD. [\o\embcr, 1914.

NOTES FOR AMATEURS. of wet ashes, and were surrounded by an

abundance of atmospheric moisture. These
this country the month of November plants certainly passed through long periods
IN marks the commencement of winterly in which no further applications of water were
weather, and reminds us that extra care required, but the continuously moist state of
and attention are once again required to the compost, although not sufficient to excite
bring our plants safely through the most the dormant eyes into growth, proved a
unpleasant season of the year. The past source of danger to their health, and before
summer has been very favourable to the the advent of spring time many were in an
production of well-ripened bulbs, and there unhealthy state.
are but few instances in which Cattleyas and Those collectors who have studied the
their hybrids have not made sound bulbs. natural climate in which Cattleyas are found
The should now be in a state of
plants tell us that during the resting season there
rest. This condition should, as far as are frequent intervals in which drying winds
possible, be really one of rest it should ; prevail. The rains are copious so long as
neither be one of excitement likely to they and generally sufficient to supply
last,

result in further growth, nor one of an adequate amount of moisture to the plant
unnecessary dryness causing severe shrivel- and the surrounding material in which its
ling. Too often are plants neglected and roots penetrate. In the intervals of compara-
placed on one side merel}' because they have tive dryness the roots and surrounding
finished their season's work. All plants material have ample time in which to rid
require keeping in a healthy condition and themselves of superfluous water.
in a state of vigour that is barely sufficient to B)" following as closely as possible the
force the dormant buds into growth. When methods of Nature we are able to obtain
so kept they are the right m
condition to the best results with plants under artificial

commence activity directly the growing cultivation. A plant should never receive
season again arrives. Plants that are badly water unless it really requires it. If in doubt
kept during the winter are in no fit state to wait until the next day, for during winter
reap the benefits of spring time without at time it is better to have the compost a little

occupying a period of several weeks in

first too dry rather than unreasonably wet. When
which to recuperate their lost vigour the ; water is required, sufficient should be given
English season is far too short to allow a loss to uniformly moisten the whole of the
of this description. compost, even dipping the pot in a pail of
The method of applying water to the roots water for a few minutes is a good method.
needs a little consideration. In one collection The then be replaced in its
plant should
visited by the writer the owner gave small what is perhaps a better plan,
position, or,
supplies two or three times during the week, suspended from the roof in a position where
which were insufficient to penetrate more any water falling from it will not drop on
than an inch or so of the compost, conse- other plants beneath. This suspended
quently the upper portion was continually position allows the compost to dry fairly
wet, while the lower part was unnecessarily quickly, and after a few days, when the super-
dry. Of course, the plant itself never abundant moisture has departed, the plant
obtained an excess of moisture, nor did it get may be taken down and placed in its old
sufficient to cause it starting prematurely into position, or transferred to the place of one
growth. Such treatment as this cannot by just needing a similar application of water.
any means be considered as among the best When excessively cold nights occur it will
methods. In another collection the owner be found advisable to water the plants early
endeavoured to keep the compost in a semi- in the morning in order that as much
moist condition by not allowing the water to moisture, both in the compost and in the
evaporate the plants were kept on a staging
; atmosphere, may depart before night time.
DenJrobium crassinode.
44 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Xo\ember, 1914.

Whenever the temperature is lessened there THERMOMETERS.

IS a corresponding release of moisture in the
atmosphere, resulting in dew being formed
on almost every jiart of the roof and other
WITH the rapid extension of horticul-
all parts of the world, and
ture in
positions, from whence it falls in continuous more especially by reason of the
drops. We
thus see how important it is to close manner in which cultivators of Orchids
diminish this atmospheric moisture whenever are brought together, it becomes necessary to
there are signs of approaching cold weather. possess a good knowledge of the two
important methods of measuring temperature.
The following considerations should have
DENDROBIUM CRASSINODE. weight m favour of the adoption of the
Centigrade thermometric scale in horticul-

THLSColonel
Dendrobium
Benson,
was
in
gathered
i8()(S, on
by
the
tural practice in place of the Fahrenheit scale.
The temperature of crystallisation, or the
mountains of Arracan, 150 miles east freezing point as it is familiarly called, if the
from Moulmein, at 2,500 feet elevation, and water be kept under the same pressure is
sent by him to the Royal Gardens, at Kew, constant the
; normal pressure of the
and to Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, in both of atmosphere at sea-level when the barometric
which establishments it flowered simul- column is 30 inches is about 15 lbs. to the

taneously in January of the following year. square inch. The temperature of conden-
It was, however, known to science ten years sation from the state of steam, in common
earlier, the Rev. C.having sent a
Parish parlance the boiling point, is also constant as
sketch of it to Sir W. J. Hooker, at Kew, from long as the pressure remains the same.
materials procured in the Siamese province There are thence two invariable standard
of Kiong-koung. It its native haunts it is points of temperature.
often found growing on the tops of the On the thermometric scale the space
highest trees, and in that position is difficult between the freezing and boiling points was
to collect. divided by Celsius into 1 00 equal parts, whence
Our illustration shows a handsome plant this scale has obtained the name of the
flowering in the Royal Gardens, Kew. The Centigrade it is now generally in use on the
;

flowers are white, heavily tipped with mau\'e- Continent and almost universally in scientific
purple the labellum is pubescent on the
;
investigations. On Fahrenheit's thermometer,
upper surface and minutely ciliated at the the instrument in common use in England,
margin, with a large yellow disc surrounded the freezing point is marked 32 degrees on
with white, the apical margin mauve-purple. an old assumption that the greatest terrestrial
The specific name refers to the swollen joints, cold was zero, an assumption that has long
and the flowering season is from January to since been proved in various ways and places
March. to be fallacious the boiling point
; is
In the variety albiflorum the flowers are 212 degrees, the interval between the two
white, except the orange-yellow disc on the being 180 degrees, so that 5 degrees Centi-
lip. In the variety Barberianum the flowers grade is equal to 9 degrees Fahrenheit.
are of brighter colours than in the typical The division of the interval between the
form, while the mauve-purple blotches are two invariable points into 100 parts is itself
larger. Both these varieties were first intro- so suggestive and simple both in theory and
duced from Burmah by Messrs. Low and Co., practice as to require no justification. On
and subsequently by Messrs. Veitch from the other hand, as already shown, the placing
localities remote from that in which Col. of the freezing point at 32 degrees is quite
Benson's plants were obtained, whence it is arbitrary, and the division of the interval
certain that this species has a considerable between the freezing and boiling points into
range in the eastern peninsula of India. 180 units is equally arbitrary, and so far as
 —A
:

NovcMiiber, 1914.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 45

95 •35 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY,
90

October Gth, 1014.

30
8&
Members of the Orchid Committee present
J. Ciurney Ftnvler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr.
80
J as.
O'Brien (hon. sec), Sir Harry J. Veitcli,
25 Messrs. Gurney Wilson, W. liolton, T.
75 Armstrong, V Sander, S. W. Flory, E. li.
.

Davidson, A. Dye, W. H. White, R. Brooman-

70 White, C. FT. Curtis, F. M. Ogilvie, F. J.
20 flanbury, R. G. Thwaites, J. Wilson Potter,
65 O R. A. Rolfe and Stuart Low.
n
z
X H FiRST-rLAss Certificates.
z 60
•15
O
u
X 55 > Ear^lio-Cattleya Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, from

< O F Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst,

m Pembury. — One of the best of the yellow-
50 10
petalled hybrid Cattleyas. Sepals and petals
canary-yellow, the labellum rose-violet. The
45 -

parentage is unrecorded, but suggests the use

of I^. tenebrosa through perhaps L.-C.
40 luminosa.
Cattleya Princess Royal (Fabia x
35 Hardyana), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
The }:)lant carried a spike of three immense
flowers of bright rosy-mauve colour, the broad
30
labellum ruby-crimson with a few gold lines.

A very elegant hybrid.

25
Cattleya Rhoda Fowler's variety (Iris x

number concerned is si pported

Hardyana), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. —
the itself is
singularly beautiful hybrid with Indian red
by no data derivable from ascertained thermal sepals and petals having a yellow suffusion.
laws. Practically the Fahrenheit degree is
Labellum ruby-red, with well-defined yellow
too small to be appreciated by the most lines running from the base. One of the
attentive of Orchid cultivators, but to whom finest varieties of this attractive hybrid.
the Centigrade degree becomes an appre-
ciable quantity, and consequently 5, 10,

1 5 degrees C, etc., are recognisable con- Awards of Merit.

ditions of temperature apparent to the senses.
But such temperatures as are expressed by Cattleya Antiope (Chamberlainiana x
40, 50, 60 degrees F., etc., are complex aurea), from Gurney Fowler, Esq. This is
J. —
notions, rendered so by the circumstances that an excellent example of how the combination
they do not themselves represent the number of Leopoldii and aurea produce bright yellow
of unitsabove an invariable point, but must results, the former species being one of the
be reduced to it by deducting the arbitrary parents of Chamberlainiana. .Sepals and
—
number 32. Y citcJi sManiial of Orchidaceous petals bright yellow, lip velvety and of
Plants. purplish-red colour.
 ; A:

46 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Xovcmlicr, T914.

L3?lio-Cattleya Britannia Melanie (L.-C. October 20th, 191 4.

Canhamiana alba x C. Warscewiczii Frau
Melanie Beyrodt), from Messrs. Charlesworth Members of the Orchid Committee present
—
and Co. Sepals and petals of stiff texture J.
Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr.
and pure white. The lip violet-purple. Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), Sir Harry J. Veitch,
and Messrs. Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, .S.
Flory, G. Hunter, E. H. Davidson, A. Dye,
Other Exhibits.
E. .ShiU,
II. G. Alexander, C. H. Curtis, J.

W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound, J. Charlesworth,

T. J. Finnie, Esq., Claygate Lodge, J. Cypher, W.
Cobb, C. J. Lucas, A. McBean,
Claygate, exhibited several plants of Cattleya T. Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe,
labiata which he brought from Brazil some and Stuart Low.
three years ago. The spikes carried 3 and 4
excellent flowers, and the plants had been
FiRST-cLASS Certificate.
well cultivated. Bronze Banksian Medal.
Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, Burford,
exhibited a cut spike of Vanda Marguerite Laelia pumila from Messrs. E. H.
alba,

Maron (sua vis x teres), with 12 rose-coloured Davidson and Twyford, Berks. This is
Co., —
flowers. the true alba form of a well-known species
Gurney Fowler, Esq., exhibited Cattleya
J.
noted for its expansive petals and neat habit
Bronze King (Davisii x aurea) Laelio- ;
of growth. The plant had been exceptionally
Cattleya Thyone, with bright yellow sepals well cultivated and carried a spike of 2 large
and petals and Cattleya Oriflamme, the
;
pure white flowers.
latter having golden-yellow segments, the
labellum crimson-purple.
Awards of Merit.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill,
showed Sophro-Cattleya Blackii var. The
Cardinal and var. Prince of Orange, both of La?lio-Cattleya Lady Oliphant (L.-C.
rich scarlet-red colour and having the hp Norba x C. Souvenir de Queen Victoria), from
much elongated. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey. —
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, sent particularly fine hybrid in which the broad
Miltonia Bleuana General Joffre, an immense yellow petals are of good substance and well
flower of light rose tint, the petals marked displayed. The expansive and well-formed
with rose at their base. labellum of rich purple evenly lined with
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards golden-yellow. A model flower in every way.
Heath, exhibited Oncidium bicallosum splen- Cattleya Ajax, Orchidhurst var. (Arm-
didissimum and O. b. aureum also Coelogyne ;
strongias x aurea), from Messrs. Armstrong
Veitchii, with two pendulous spikes of white and Brown, Tunbridge Wells. —A very
flowers. attractive flower of thick texture and of
Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed varying shades of bright rose-purple. The
Cattleya Sylvia citrina, a beautiful hybrid, former parent is a hybrid between Hardyana

with cream coloured sepals and petals, the and Loddigesii.

yellow labellum margined with bright rose Odontonia Magali Sander var. xanthotes
also a fine variety of Cattleya Rhoda. (M. Warscewiczii xanthina x ardentissimum
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed xanthotes), from Messrs. Charlesworth and
Brasso-Cattleya Ilene, an exceedingly fine Co., Haywards Heath. —
An interesting and
variety of rosy-mauve colour, with the large pleasing hybrid with whitish flowers, having
labellum rose-purple. the sepals and petals faintly blotched with
Mr. Geo. Little, Groombridge, sent an light emerald green, the labellum carrying a

Oberonia species, near to myriantha. bright yellow crescent-shaped blotch.

 ;

Noxi'iiihcr, i(ji4. 47

Other Exhiuits. witli purplc-ijrown, the hair) labcllum white

veined with rich violet-purple.
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were Messrs. Ilassall and Co., Southgatc, staged
awarded Banksian Medal for a group
a Sil\ er Cattleya Sylvia (aurea x Fabia), a boki flower
of interesting and well-cultivated species, of good substance ; and Cattleya Minucia,
including" Vanda Kimballiana alba, Peristeria with attractive flowers of yellowish tint.

aspersa, Lycaste Iinschootiana, Coelogyne Col. F. C. France-Hayhurst, Bostock Hall,

brunnea, the pretty Dendrobium eriaeflorum, Middlewich, exhibited Cypripedium Rolfei,
the handsome Zygopetalum Sanderae and the var. Col. Hayhurst, an excellent flower with
rare Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum. A very dark markings.
number of autumn-flowering Cattleya hybrids Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey,
were also shown. showed Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii, var. The
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Globe, with 2 large flowers, exceptionally
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for well-formed, the petals measuring over
an attractive group in which were the curious 3 inches in breadth.
Catasetum Randii, good forms of Dendrobium T. J. Finnic, Esq., Claygate Lodge,
formosum, the bright yellow L.-C. Thyone, Claygate, showed a specimen Cattleya labiata
L.-C. Golden Oriole, Cattleya Fabia and C. with no less than 28 excellent flowers also ;

Ena. Also various Odontiodas and good two smaller plants cultivated on blocks of
varieties of Brasso-Cattleya Moneta and B.-C. wood selected from the same forest in which
Queen Alexandra. the plants were collected.
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, Arthur Meyer, Esq., Briars, Whetstone,
staged some excellent examples of Cattleya exhibited Cattleya Ledru Rollin (Carmen x
Fabia, C. Iris with extra broad petals, and C. Fabia), a new hybrid carrying a richly-
Lord Rothschild alba. Cymbidium hybrids coloured flower of attractive form and likely
were represented by Schlegelii and Doris, and to still further improve as the plant gains in
Odontiodas by varieties of Diana. The strength.
interesting Odontonia brugensis and Brasso- His Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
Cattleya Ins were in good form. Blenheim Palace, showed Laelio-Cattleya
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge luminosa, Blenheim var., with rich canary-
Wells, exhibited some choice hybrids, includ- yellow sepals and petals, the labellum bright
ing the new Cattleya Snowdon, a promising purple.
pure white flower ;
Cattley a Princess Royal,
of rich coloration ; and the attractive L.-C.
sandhurstiana with golden-yellow sepals and MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.
petals.
Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, September 24th, 1914.
staged a good selection of Dendrobium Members of the Committee present Rev. :

Phalasnopsis, fine forms of Cattleya Fabia J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
and L.-C. Cappei, and Cypripedium Rossettii, Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C.
Lee's var. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. J. Keeling,
Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C.
exhibited Cattleya labiata Empress and C. 1. Parker, W. Shackleton, J. Smith, H. Thorp,
Rubens, both exceptionally fine forms Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur
Cattleya O'Brieniana alba with a spike of 6 (Secretary).
large pure white flowers ; and two excellent Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R.
Brasso-Cattleyas. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch and ; Col. J.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn.
Zygopetalum Blackii (Perrenoudii x crinitum), Silver Medals were granted to Wm.
the greenish sepals and petals heavily blotched Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange ; Messrs.
48 THE ORCHID WORLD. [November, 1914.

Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham and ; Messrs.

Sander and Sons, St. Albans.
A Bronze Medal was awarded to Messrs.
Keeling and Sons, Bradford.
Other exhibitors included Messrs. Mansell
and Hatcher, Rawdon and Messrs. ;
Hassall
and Co., Southgate.

First-class Certificate.

Cattleya Empress Frederick alba (Mossiae

Wageneri x aurea), a well-set flower, sepals
and petals pure white, throat lightly veined,
apex of lip well coloured. From S. Gratrix,
Esq.

Awards of Merit.

Cattle\-a Adula " Vale Bridge var.," from

Mrs. R. ie Doux.
Cattleya Iris "
Ashlands var.," from R.
Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedium Actaeus gigas, from H. J.
Bromilow, Esq.
Cattleya General Smith-Dorrien (Maronii
X Mantinii), from Col. J. Rutherford.
Cattleya Sybil var. Sir John French
(iridescens x aurea), from S. Gratrix, Esq.
Anguloa Cliftonii " Rawdon var.," from
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher.

First-class Botanical Certificate.

Coelia macrostach}a, from Messrs. Keeling

and Sons.

Cultural Certificate.

Odontioda Flamingo, grown by Mr. J.

Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq. A
Masdeoallia Ephippium.
Bronze Medal was also awarded.

Award of Appreciation. 2°o

Odontoglossum Uro-excellens (Uro-Skin-

neri x excellens),from R. Ashworth, Esq.
 NOTES.
DiCH.KAS FROM COSTA RiCA. — Living procured. In some cases these extra fine
plants of several interesting Costa Rican results are never achieved, mainly because
Orchids, which had been collected in the other hybrids of greater promise appear on
neighbourhood of Cachi, were sent to Kew the scene and attract the cultivator's skill.

by Mr. C. H. Lankester in October, 191 3. Cattleya Portia (Bowringiana x labiata) was

Among them are two very imperfectly known formerly a favourite primary hybrid, but has
species of Dicha?a, which according to the been too much placed on one side to make
last issue of the Knu Biillclin (1914, No. 8) room for so-called better hybrids. It is

prove to be D. histrio and D. brachypoda. doubtful whether finer results than have lately
Historical notes and a revised synonymy of been seen at Messrs. Charlesworth's have
lioth species are included. been procured one strong ])lant carries a
;

spike of no less than 16 flowers, while another

«^ % U has three spikes with a total of 29 flowers.

CorHLIODA VULCANICA. — This pretty

little was
species with rose-carmine flowers
originally discovered by Mr. Spruce, a
well-known botanist and traveller, on the
volcanic mountain of Tunguragua, at an
elevation of 10,000 feet growing amongst the
erupted slag from the crater, a circumstance
which suggested the specific name. Some
twenty or more years ago Mr. Spruce was
erroneously described in an Orchid Manual
as a German botanist, a mistake immediately
corrected by the great Sir Joseph Hooker,
who wrote —
" I do not think poor Mr. Spruce
: War.scewiczii can only be used as a mother
will like being called a German! He was a
Yorkshire schoolmaster."
?<l %^
Cattleya Portia. — When
primary cross it is often possible to predict
with some degree of accuracy the nature of
the result, although even when the plant
reaches the flowering stage several years must
OnoNTONiA Magali Sander var.
XAN'I'HOTES. — In the summer of 19 13 Messrs.
.Sander and Sons exhibited an interesting
hybrid between Miltonia Warscewiczii and
Odontoglossum ardentissinuim under the
name Odontonia Magali Sander, and now we
have the pleasure of recording the albino
variety, a spike of which has been received
from Mr. O. O. Wrigle\'s collection, Bridge
Hall, Bury. In the making of this hybrid M.
plant, and as Mr. Wrigley possesses a plant
of the very rare xanthina variety he decided
to fertilise it with the pollen of a good form
of O. ardentissimum xanthotes, in the hope,
which has now been fulfilled, that the two
making a xanthotic parents would yield progenj- of
similar kind. The Odontoglossum pollen was
obtained from Messrs. Charlesworth, to whom
the seed was sent when ripe and duly raised
in their establishment at Haywards Heath.

elapse before the finest results can be The seedlings, as soon as they were sufflcientl\-

VOL. V. 7
5" THE ORCHID WORLD. [December, 1914.

were divided, one-half being forwarded

strong", partial shade is obtained from the fierce rays
to Mr. Wrigley, who had the honour of of the sun. Mr. T. J. Finnic, of Claygate
flowering the first one during the past Lodge, Claygate, Surrey, when recently
summer, and another in the month of August. paying a visit to Pernambuco, Brazil, noticed
Messrs. Charlesworth have also been fortunate that the plants grew near the tops of the
in flowering a plant, and in all these three trees, at a height of from 30-40 feet from the
instances the much cherished yellow spotting ground, fact, just where the amount of
in

has been perpetuated in a satisfactory manner. lightwas most suitable to their requirements.
It was very seldom that plants were found

growing nearer the ground than this owing to

the deficiency of light caused by the heavy
foliage of the forest. Mr. Fmnie brought
home a selection of plants, many of them still
attached to pieces of the native wood upon
which they had been growing. These have
since flowered in his collection at Claygate
with considerable success, many of the plants
having and one with the record number
five,

of eight flowers on a spike, as is proved by

the reproduced photograph, while one large
specimen carried an aggregate of 28 blooms.
All the flowering bulbs were particularly well
ripened, which is an important point in their
successful cultivation. It will be remem-
bered that Mr. Finnic received a Bronze
Banksian Medal for an exhibit of these plants
at a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural
Society.

?;S ^ ^.i

OdONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE.— This is one

of the best species for amateurs to grow, and
many instances are on record where excep-
tional resultshave been obtained by them, in
not a few instances surpassing those of the
professional grower. Exactly why this is so
has never been entirely proved, but it may be

due to the airy and rather dry conditions often

Cattleya labiata, with an eight-flowered spike.
existing m amateurs' houses.
This kind of
atmosphere not quite the one sought after
is

by professional growers, hence, perhaps, the

—
Cattleya labiata. Notwithstanding the reason why this species does not succeed so
numerous autumn flowering hybrids, with all well with them does under the appar-
as it

their varying colours, there is a certain amount ently suitable conditions

of an amateur's
of dignity about Cattle)-a labiata that renders house. A recent example has occurred in the
it indispensable in all places where warm- collection of Mr. Fred. Turner, Brookfoot,
house Orchids are cultivated, fn its Brazilian Brighouse, who sends a photograph of a fine
home it appears to grow in large quantities, leafy plant with no less than 23 well-developed
chiefly in the forest, where the iieces-ar\- flowers.
1 )ccrml)cr, i<j i
). Ill': ORCllll) WOKI.I). 5«

Oncidium varicosum, as grown in the collection of

Alf. J. Paine, Esq., Wanslead.

Oncidium varicosum. — Referring to my and moss. This arrangement allows of

article on this subject in the OrCHIO WORLD thorough aeration, and facility for the roots to
for December, 1913, I am pleased to again protrude into the open atmosphere of the
record my successgrowing Oncidium
in house. Other Oncidiums are also doing well,
varicosum, a success which I attribute largely and, although smaller plants, they have quite
to the method of cultivation therein set out. large spikes with numerous buds.— ^//. /.
My record for 191 3 was a plant bearing 155 Paine, Wajis/cad.
flowers, but this year I have beaten that by & ?;3

one bearing over 250 flowers. Another old

plant has three well-developed spikes, and Oncidium varicosum citrinum.— Agood
will very nearly equal the record. When is devoid of
plant of this rare variety, which
these plants are of large size I am sure it is the red-brown markings usually seen on the
the right treatment to put them into " boats," flower, has recently flowered with Messrs.
packing them in somewhat loosely with fibre Stuart Low and Co., who state that it
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [DcccmlxT, 1914.

possesses a much better constitution than the Odontoglossum crispum Millie. —

typical form, and although it has been in
'1
one of the finest of the good old Pacho
his,

cultivation at least ten years the new bulbs varieties, was exhibited by Messrs. Flory and

show not the slightest sign of deterioration. Black at the Royal Horticultural Society,
November 17th, 191 4, when an Award of
Merit was granted. When the plant was in
flower some twelve months ago it was
fertilised with the pollen of an equally fine
variety,and the resulting pod, which has just
ripened, weighs slightly more than 4 ounces,
surely a record for a crispum. The removal
of this heavy pod will allow the plant to
quickly recuperate itself and gather sufficient
strength for the production of a complete
spike of flowers next season, when the higher
award of a First-class Certificate will doubtless
be obtained.

U 'i^ U

StaNHOPEA SACCATA. — The flowers of

tliis rare species are smaller than many others
of the genus, and for this reason, and also on
account of their wonderful structure, Mr. J. T.
Bcnnett-Pce wore one in his coat on the
occasion of the Conference on Genetics held
at the Royal Horticultural Society in KjoO.
The late Sir Trevor Lawrence immediately
recognised the flower and promptly remarked:
" This is the first time I have ever seen a

Stanhopea used for that purpose!" Mr.

Vanda Sanderiana. Bennett-Poe obtained his plant some twenty-
five years ago from the celebrated collection
Vanda Sanderiana.— Mr. Hrishi Kesh at Glasnevin, Dublin. It was James Bateman
Seal has many interesting Vandas in his who originally figured this species in his
collection, and amongst those have
that " Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala," the
recently flowered in his garden house, Krishna description being as follows: " Stanhojiea
—
Kanan, 105, Dum Dum Road, Calcutta, is saccata, the Pouch-lipped Stanhopea. Scapes
\' anda Sanderiana, a fine plant imported from 2-3 flowered. At the base of the lip there is

the Philippines about ten months ago. '1 he

a deep perpendicular pouch, which glow's
n)ain stem is about 2 feet in height, and inside with the most brilliant orange; attached
carries a spike, some 12 inches long, ui)on to the front of this pouch, on either side, are
which are nine superb flowers, each measuring two very large parallel flattened falcate horns,
4 inches in diameter. The plant, as may be bent slightly inwards. This elegant little

seen in reproduced photograph, was

our Stanliopea was discovered by Mr. Skinner in

cultivated in a large basket suspended from some part of Guatemala, but, unfortunately,
the roof. Almost needless to remark, the we are not in possession of the precise
flowering of such a noble Orchid caused locality, which is the more to be regretted as
considerable local interest and brought many it was never met with except on one occasion.

visitors to Mr. Seal's garden. We received it in 1837, and it flowered

I )ci-cinl)cr, 'I'lii-: oRciiii) woi^iij). 53

proluscl)' llic lollowin^- sununcr. liulcpcii- A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID

dcntl)' of its peculiar flowers the small narrow
leaves of this plant readily distinguish it from
GROWING.
other species of this ^cnus which have, as
all

yet, taken u[) tlieir abode in our stoves."

THERE prevalent
obsesses amateurs
IS a idea which
in geiic-ral th.it the

hobby Orchid growing is a very

of
|J
expensive one. Unless the amateur is going
CaLANTHE BkANCHII.— Tlic ScK-iilihc m for rare plants and hybrids such an idea
Committee of the Ro\al Horticultural IS somewhat of a fallacy, and many, I am

Society awarded, November i/th, a Botanical sure,below the status of millionaires could
Certificate to this interesting hybrid between very well take up the hobby if they would
the evergreen C. Texton and the deciduous but exercise a modest ambition. Upon
C. Wm.
Murray, while the Orchid Committee such a basis I have a word or two to say
granted a Certificate of Appreciation to Mr. emphasising my plea for an extension of
C. J. Lucas, m whose collection at Warnhani Orchid growing.
Court it was raised by Mr. Branch. First of all, there can be no question as to
the necessity for less labour and attention
«.K ?<.^ ?<|
being required to look after one's Orchid pets
Dendrobiu.M Tofftii. — Dendrobiums as compared with the ordinary cultivation of

have always been a special feature in the the usual garden plants raised from seeds,
cuttings, etc. In regard to the latter, the
extensive collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman,
Bart., Gatton Park, .Surrey, and amongst the repeated sowing, pricking out, and nursing up
rarities that have recently flowered is D. cuttings all through the dreary winter and

Tofftii, which received a Botanical Certificate early spring is a task which tries the most

fiom the Scientific Committee of the Royal enthusiastic amateur. Then the disappoint-

Horticultural Societ)', November 17th,

ments which ensue after bedding out, etc., as
1914.
1 was originally described by F.
his species a result of damage in some form or other by
M. Bailey (Synopsis of the Queensland Flora, our fickle climate is very nearly sufficient to

Supplt. HI., 1890), who gave its habitat as a damp the ardour of most of us. Each season
creek the Johnstone River. such an experience has to be encountered,
off It resembles
D. undulatum in the habit and form of its
and is generally pretty mortifying, but being
leaves. The stems, however, are much the stolid persevering Britons that we are, we
" keep on keeping on."
compressed, and the flowers are very different
in both form and colour. In the dark
But how much more satisfying and satis-
factory are the results attainable with a " bit
coloured ribs of the stems it is similar to D.
Johannis. Named in honour of Alf. G. Tofft.
of cool glass,' andsome Orchids inside. And,
moreover, the main part of the pleasure
ISE U derivable comes at the most depressing time
of the year —
late autumn and winter for it is —
The Orchid World.— The following then that our pets put on their floral uniforms
appreciative note concerning the OrchiI) and gratify our eyes. Another big asset the —
World was included the journal of Orchids get stronger and larger each }ear,
Horticulture, November
111

5th, 1914:
— "Our and one has not necessarily to start with
monthly contemporary November is even
for seeds, pipings and cuttings each spring.
more interesting than The standard
usual. There are plenty of cool Orchids that can
of production is always very high, but we do be bought very cheaply, and this brings me
not remember an issue in which the illustra- to the essence of my plea --Cannot someone
tions were as admirably produced as in the in the trade introduce a department into his
present instance ; the letterpress, too, is business for the supply of suitable cool house
splendid." Orchids at a much cheaper rate than that at

VOL. V. 8
 —

54 THl' ORCHID WORLD. [DucfinbtT, 1914.

which single plants are often sold at the ORCHIDS AT THE NOOK,
various shows ?
MAIDSTONE.
I have had experience of the prices asked
when a timid amateur takes a
exhibit and ventures an inquiry
fancy to an
as to its cost.
HAVING regard to the fact that the
Kent is frequently alluded
count\' of
W ell, to put shortly — the inquiry is nipped
it to as theGarden of England, it is
m the bud right awa}', unfortunatel}' with the not to be wondered at that there are numerous
result that the timid amateur taboos Orchids collections of Orchids situated within its

for ever after. This, I think, should not be the boundaries. Among those of recent origin is

case and I believe that an energetic firm

; that formed during the few years by Mr.
last
could make a success of a cheap department Edward Clement, of The Nook, Ashford
as an auxiliary to its ordinar\- rich connec- Road, Maidstone.
tion. Will some firm develop the suggestion ? Although a suitable climate is a very
I have nothing to say against the prices of important factor it is of comparatively little
rare plants and li} bnds. These, no doubt, are \alue unless the cultivator takes an intelligent
worth the money asked, as the time and interest in the requirements of the various
labour expended in their introduction and plants. The cultivation of the majority of
cultivation are generally very considerable, Orchids is fairly simple and can be carried
and there can be no question that the recom- out with considerable success when once the
pense is well merited. But this is quite essential points are mastered. Mr. Clement
outside my line of contention. All that I wish has not only reaped a large measure of
to bring forward is the suggestion for an success with a varied collection of Odonto-
energetic firm of importers and growers to giossums and Cattleyas, but he has hit upon
make a separate department of their business the exact conditions necessary to cultivate
for distributing themore ordinary kinds of some of the more refractory subjects. It is

Orchids at a much cheaper rate, and I look worthy of special mention that Mrs. Clement
forward to such a desirable dex-elopment. If is also an enthusiastic Orchidist, and has
this could be accomplished it seems to me received many plants of Cattleya labiata from
that amateurs would be attracted, and perhaps her brother now residing in Brazil.
a big- business built up. Alf. ]. Paine, An important point in this collection is the
W anstcad, Essex. construction of the floor of the cool house.
This was originally of glazed tiles set on a
bed of concrete, and by no means favourable
to a suitable atmosphere being maintained.
Instead of removing them Mr. Clement
" The Orchid Review."— In the November decided to place upon them a layer of small
issue an illustration
is given of Dendrobium clinkers intermixed with oak leaves and
formosum giganteum, together with an inter- surfaced with gravel. The gradual decom-
esting article on the history of this species position of the leaves produces a beneficial
from 1832, the year in which it was originally and humid atmosphere during the whole of
described by Roxburgh, who found it on trees the growing season, after which a fresh supply
in the forest of Sylhet and on the Garrow IS needed. This seems a far better method
Hills, flowering in April and May. The than allowing the leaves to remain uncovered
Indian t_\ pe is now rarely seen in gardens, its and to be the hiding place for slugs and other
place having been taken by the Burmese unwelcome guests.
variet}- giganteum, first mentioned in 1866, One of the results of this arrangement is

and imported by Messrs. Hugh Low and Co. seen in a robust plant of L\caste Skinneri
Other articles of value are those on Oncidium with perfect foliage, there being no sign of
Leopoldianum and Houlettia Wallisii, illus- the decaying tips so pre\alent with this
trations of both species being included. species when grown under glass in an
 'IIII-: ORCIIII) WORLD 55

;itmosi)hcrc that dead and laden with an

is various C'attle)as and other autumn-flowering
excess of moisture. There is just sufficient Orchids. .Several richly coloured varieties of
movement of the atmosphere to cause the C. labiata received direct from Brazil, one of
leaves of this plant to sway to and fro, and them growing on wood suspended
a block of
althouj4h at times this is hardly perceptible from the roof, have been much admired. C.
it proves quite sufficient to prevent the leaves Bowringiana has carried 33 flowers on two
decaying" at their tips. This season one bulb spikes, while C. Miss Williama, C. Mantinii
produced seven flowers, while another plant and C. Thayeriana have been ecjually fine.
of the same species is now in liloom for the C. aurea has made particularly good bulbs
fourth time this year, and has yielded this season. La?lio-Cattleya George Wood-
fourteen flowers m all. hams, L.-C. Cantiana and L.-C. Olenus
Odontoglossums are well represented and (aurea x bletchleyensis) are well represented,
include good forms of crispum, both plain and and there are good plants of L. purpurata
blotched varieties, excellens, citrosmum, alba and a large specimen L. Gouldiana, just
Hallio-crispum, crispo-Harryanum, pulchellum coming into flower, and well meriting the
and Conqueror, the latter being a model name of the " Christmas Orchid." Brasso-
flower with broad segments blotched with Cattleyas have done exceedingly well this
violet-purple.Strong plants of O. Edwardii year and have yielded large flowers of
and many of hybrids are growing with
its good substance. B.-C. Thorntonii has been
considerable vigour. Odontiodas are best particularly sweet scented.
represented by Charlesworthii and rosefield- Other Orchids worthy of note in this house
iensis. Growing with these are several are Miltonia vexillaria " Queen Alexandra,"
Oncidiums, of which varicosum and sarcodes the pretty Trichopilia suavis, Oncidium
m.ay be considered the most showy. Kramerianum, with its Butterfly-like blooms,
Epidendrum vitellinum with its erect spikes the scarce Pescatorea Klabochorum, some
of orange-red flowers, and the curious Acineta Calanthes, and a small but choice collection
chrysantha grow well in this house. There of Dendrobiums. A number of seed-pods
is also a robust plant of Ccelogyne brunnea shows that an interest is being taken in
with extra large flowers. Vandas coerulea raising seedlings, while many healthy
and Amesiana are represented, although the seedlings have been pricked out into small
latter is found to be much the easier one to pots and give every sign of rapid progress.
cultivate successfully. Cypripediums have Clement obtains a vast amount of
Mr.
yielded a considerable amount of bloom, the pleasure from his collection, and although
varieties including insigne Harefield Hall, business matters often keep him away from
insigne Sanderae, Juno, Baron Schroder, home during the greater part of the day he
Charlesworthii, nitens, Euryades, Maudia? and always pays a visit to his plants whenever
Franconia, all being selected varieties. opportunity permits. When commencing this
Along the back row are several strong interesting hobby Mr. Clement was induced
growing plants of Cymbidiums, including to believe that Orchids could only be grown
Tracyanum, giganteum and Lowianum. The by those who are rich and able to employ the
interesting Bulbophyllum Godseffianum with requisite labour. All this, however, he has
its wonderfully constructed labelluni is a proved to be mere fallacy, the potting and
continued source of interest. Laelia Jongheana necessary attention not only give him an
and Sophronitis grandiflora also find a home additional interest and pleasure, but prove a
m this house. source of relaxation from business cares. It

The Cattleya house is well constructed with remains to be said that the owner of this
double staging and an ample amount of collection is keenly interested in microscopic
hot-water piping, thus ensuring the minimum research, and also in colour photography,
amount of labour. Quite a miniature many of his best Orchids being visible by
exhibition has lately been given by the means of coloured lantern slides.
56 THE ORCHID WORLD. [ncccmIxT, 1914.

ODONTOGLOSSUM HANNIBAL. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROMA.

crispum triumphaiis nobile Harryanum crispum Harryanum crispo-Harryaniim nobile

harvengtense rrispum Roll'ea; crispum crispo-Harryanum Ossulstoni

'1
!
!
!

hellein<"nse Lambeauianum Roma.

A Odontoglossum
reference Dora
to
Hannibal. (Orchid World, March, igii, p. 148) will
This is the resultant of a cross to attempt give a good idea of what my Roma is like.
a " sunset coloured " hybrid other words, ; m Subtract the suffusion of small spots outside
crimson flushed upon a yellow ground. The the eyebrows of the petals and the minute
$ parent had a deep rich yellow ground well markings on the petals ; widen the reniform
spotted with \ery rich deep lustrous choco- blade of the lip ; alter the colour of the
late ; the ^ was one of M. Peeter's raising markings to light rosy-brown ; result becomes
from crispum Luciani, having two-thirds of Roma.
its surface covered by rich ]:)urple-brown upon She IS only a small plant with two blooms,
a violet-purple ground. but has a future that promises a very beautiful
Hannibal has the same yellow ground, but race of rose grounded forms, these having
so covered with crimson-chocolate as to nearly been used in the parentage to try and fix it.

obscure it and make it look paler than it is, It is not surprising, but very interesting to
as is apparent in some
of the hybrids from find such similar results when the basic
Loochristy from Vuylstekei
resulting the ;
specific quantities are compared. Dora has
backs of the sepals and petals are also half 1 Harryanum, i crispum, 2 nobile ; Roma has
covered by the same colour. 2 Harryanum, 2 crispum, i nobile.
The lip is of a fine crispum, white, with a de B. Craiushny, Noi'cniln'r /J///, iQi-f.
large spot in front of the keels, and the lower
half covered by minute spots almost forming
a crimson-brown overlay. These spots
become so around the crest, which being
ODONTOGLOSSUM GLYCON.
orange stands out well upon the subjacent nobile Harryanuii nobile cris])um

colour. The column is cream-white.

The plant is in full growth as well as in Roli'eae armainvillierense
bloom, hence the next spike should show a I I

b
material improvement. It has been a ver}'
I

luteopurpureum percultum
shy one to bloom, considering I made the
cross on March 24th, igo/.
G ycon.
B. Craivshay, Noi'cuibcr 13th, iQi^.
In making this cross I used one of M.
Vuylsteke's early percultums, which were not
ODONTOGLOSSUM ZYGUS. the best, and naturally the immense flower of
Andersonianum Kegeljani luteo almost overpowered the hybrid. The
colouring and form are intermediate between
Zygus. the parents, both sepals and petals almost
Fortunately only one plant survived of this covered except some marbling of the usual
cross as I should have begrudged space for arrangement. There is a shade of the plum
any more. Briefly described, it can be called colour of percultum in the brown.
a very bad waltoniense. The great retro- 1 he lip is creamy-yellow with a blotch and

grade power of gloriosum has robbed the basilar marks of lustrous brown. The crest
whole of the good quality of the other parents. IS that of luteo, the column takes after nobile.
de B. Crawsliny, Noi'oiibcr i^/h, uji f. dc r>. C razvsliay, Noi'cnibcr /J///, /<;/^.
I >c(H'inl)cr, Hji-I.j IIII-: ORCllll) WORLD. 57

NEW HYBRIDS. considerable diversity m

growth andlial)it of
coloration. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and
Brasso-Cattleya Lady IIanbury. -
Brown, Tunbridge Wells.
I here are several niuch-prix.ecl varieties ol Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jlllkoe.
species that ha\'e all the segments ol their An excellent addition to the Ijrasso-Cattlcyas.
flowers uniformly coloured, and to which the Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown
\arietal name concolor, meaning" similar in between C. Lord Rothschild and B.-(".
colour, has been given. In these, the colour, Digb\ano-Mossia". I he large flcnver of rosy-
whether be intense or otherwise, is evenl)'
it niauvc colour, the broad cx|)anded lal)elluni

distributed over the whole flower, the labellum prettily fringed.

being no darker than the other segments. So L.elio-Cattleya Raphael. — Messrs.
far the hybridist does not appear to have Stuart Low and Co. are the raisers of this
attempted the production of anything of new hybrid between Cattleya F. W. Wigan
similar nature, consequently there is a wide and L.-C. Haroldiana. Flower of buff colour
field open to- those who care to experiment in flushed with rose, lip bright rose-purple.
this direction. An excellent example of this CatTLEY^A BeLLONA.— Flowers of two
class is Brasso-Cattleya Lady Hanbury, the \arieties of this very pretty hybrid come from
result of crossing C. Mantinii (Bowringiana x the raiser, Mr. F. C. Puddle, Scampston Hall
aurea) with B.-C. Mdme. Chas. Maron (B. Gardens, Rillington. The parents are ('.

Digbyana x C. Warscewiczii), and which has Maggie Raphael alba and C. aurea, yielding
recently been raised in the collection of Mr. a light rose coloured flower with a handsome
Frederick J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East labellum of bright rose-purple and gold. It

Grinstead, and named in honour of his cousin. is a hybrid of considerable promise.

at La Mortola. The large flower resembles Brasso-Cattleya sulphurea. — The

in form the general habit of Brasso-Cattleyas, result of crossing C. Gaskelliana alba with
the expansive and fringed labellum being the B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann. Exhibited by Mr.
conspicuous feature. But the most attractive R. Ashworth at the Manchester Orchid
point in this particular flower is the pleasing Society, November 5th, 1914.
delicate rose-mauve tint evenly suffused L/ELIO-CaTTLEYA EuRYALUS. A very —
throughout all the segments, and imparting a pleasing hybnd between L.-C. Canhamiana
chastely appearance. It is one of the best Rex and C. Warneri alba, which has been
hybrids of the concolor type. raised m the collection of Mr. W. H. St.
L.klio-Cattleya Miss Dorothy Ouintin, Scampston Hall, Rillington, York.
—
BUSHELL. A pretty hybrid between L.-C. Sepals and petals silvery-white, the broad
Bryan (crispa x Gaskelliana) and C. aurea. labellum mottled with bright rose-ixirple as
The influence of L. crispa is very marked, usually seen in C. Mossiae, one of the parents
while C. aurea is responsible for much of the of Canhamiana.
rich coloration of the labellum Raised in the CyPRIPEDIUM AstARTE. —This charming
collection of Mr. Frederick J. Hanbury, hybrid between Psyche (niveum x bellatulum)
Brockhurst, East Grinstead. and insigne Sandera? has been raised by Mr.
L.elio-Cattleya Atina. —A useful F. C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall Collec-
addition to the yellow-flowering section has tion, Rillington, York. The fleshy flower is

been raised by Messrs Armstrong and Brown, white, the basilar portions of each segment
l unbridge Wells, by crossing C. aurea with and the labellum shaded and veined with light
I^.-C". L^usitania (Phryne x Iris). Many of the greenish-straw colour, while there are some
\arieties frf)m this seed-pod have fleshy very minute purple spots on the lower portion
flowers which last well after being cut. of the dorsal sepal and on the inner parts of
L.elio-Cattleya Attica. The result — the petals. The orbicular dorsal sepal is

of crossing C. aurea and L.-C. Dumatii almost equalled m size and shape by the
(clegans x tenebrosa). The seedlings show lateral petals and ventral sepal, thus giving

VOL. V. 9
58 THI-: OKLIllI) WORLD. [I )(c.nibtT, 1914.

the flower a well balanced and symmetrical CATTLEVA SKINNERI.

appearance. This is in ever\' way a very
distinct and welcome addition. subject of our adjoining illustra-
Tllh-.
L/KLIO-CaTTLEVA NvsIATA. The — result tion IS a fine specimen plant of
of crossing L.-(!. Nysa (Warscewic/.ii x crispa) Cattleya Skmneri in the collection of
with (_'. lahiatii, and producni"^' a useful .Sir W'llliaiii \'<ui Iforne, K.C.M.(i., Montreal,
autumn flowering hybrid. Raised b\- Mr. F. Canada, to whom
was supplied some it

C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall collection. by Messrs. Low and

twent)'-eight )-ears ago
Brassoc attl.klia Seaforth High- Co., of Clapton and Bush Hill Park. The
I —
ANDER. A very attractive and large flower photograph was taken in April, 1914.
produced by crossing B.-C. Mrs. J. Leeman The
grower, Mr. F. C. Smith, is certainly
with L.-C. Ajihrodite. The Ijroad labellum to be congratulated in keeping the plant for
prcttil}- fringed and of rose-purple colour, the so long a period in such vigorous health and
remaining segments similarly coloured. 111flowering it so freely, for, as many growers
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. know, this species is not one of the best to
Brassocattl.elia Gordon Highlander. handle successfully year after year.
--A large flowered hybrid of excellent colour Cattleya Skinneri was first detected by
and resulting from the use of B.-C. Mme. Mr. G. Ure Skinner, m 1836, in the warm
Chas. Maron and L.-C. Aphrodite. The rich low-lying parts of Guatemala, along the
l)urple colour of the fringed labellum is very shores of the Pacific Ocean. It was subse-

attractive. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. quently found at Metagalpa, in Nicaragua,
Odontoglossu.m Cunnynhaal A new — by Dr. Oersted, and in Costa Rica and
hybrid of much promise, and obtained by Veragua Warscewicz. In Guatemala it is
b\-

crossing Rio Tinto with crispum, Messrs. called thede San Sebastian, and is
Flor
Sander and Sons being the raisers. sought for by the country people to decorate
L/ELIo-Cattleya Nestor. This is the — the temples and shrines of their favourite

product of C. Warscewiczii and L.-C. Ophir saint, on account of its being in flower at the

(xanthina x aurea), the flowers of the various epoch at which the day dedicated to the
plants showing considerable diversity in their saint occurs.

coloration, the majority being very pleasing. Epi-Cattleya guatemalensis is a natural

Raised by Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate. Ijybrid between
Epidendrum aurantiacum
Sophro-Cattleva November. — One of and Cattleya Skinneri, and was discovered
the best shaped Sophronitis hybrids. The by Mr. Skinner growing in company with
parents are C. Portia and S. grandiflora, both its })arents on the stem of the same
resulting m a flower of rosy-crimson colour, tree. It was sent to Messrs. Veitch and Sons,

the labellum well developed. Lxhibited by with v/hom it flowered in March, 1861.
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Ro)al Horticultural
Society, November 17th, 1914, when an
Award of Merit was granted.
Sophro-Cattleya Pearl. Messrs. J. — DENDROBIUM BENSONI/E.
and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, are the raisers
of this hybrid between S.-C. Dons and C.
Portia. The flowers are of rich crimson-
THISVeitch
elegant
in
s|jecies
from British Burmah
i<S()6
was sent to Messrs.

l)urpl(" colcjur, the lal)cllum criiiisc.in with dark by Colonel Benson, alter whose wife
rose overtiiit. it is named at his own request. It grows on
Cattleya Ouibo. — By crossing aurea the mountains near Tongou, direct west of
with Miss Williams (Gaskelliana x Harri- Prome, at an elevation of about 1,500 feet
soniana) a delicate rose coloured flower with above sea level, and spreads southwards as
broad and open labellum has been raised by far as the latitude of Moulmein.
l^.Iessrs. Armstrong and Brown. The flowers, which are about 2h inches
I)oc(jinl)t'r, 1914.] Tin-: ORCHID world. 61

across, are milk-whitc, with an orange-yellow ALBINO CATTLEYAS AT VALE

disc on the labelluni, at the liase of which BRIDGE, HAYWARDS HEATH.
are two maroon spots that are sometimes
confluent, althous4h in rare instances they are
DURING the last few weeks many of
no larp,er than small peas. In the variety the finest albino varieties of Cattleya
called xanthinum these spots are completely labiata have been in flower in the
absent. The flowering season is during the Orchid houses of Mr. lidward V. Low, Vale
months of May and June, sometimes a little Bridge, Ilaywards Heath, where choice
later. species and varieties are s])ecially cultivated.
The original type came from the Arracan Although opinions may differ as to which
Hilis, but a geographical variety from the species produces the most attractive flowers,

Kareeii Hills is distinguished by its more tliere is but little doubt that white \arieties

rolnist forms have long been

stems. ]]oth of C. labiata, flowering as they do in the flull

cultivated in gardens on account of their autumnal months, will always hold their dwii
decorative white flowers and l)y reason of the and continue to receive the praise so long
manner which they extend the Dendrobium
in
bestowed u]ion them.
season until the commencement of summer. In common with other species, C. lal)iata
produces various varieties of albino flowers,
The cultivation of Dendrobiums has of late
and, although in these the sepals and petals
years undergone considerable improvement,
are pure white in every example, it is the
so much so that they are now amongst the
labellum which shows the chief distinguishing-
easiest of Orchids to grow. In place of the
characteristics. The term alba has often
excessive temperature and extremely humid
been incorrectly applied to any variety of a
atmosphere formerly employed, it is now the
flower which shows a deficiency of colour in
custom to give less artificial heat and to
one or more of its segments, but in its true
maintain a buoyant atmosphere whenever
scientific meaning it should only be used to
possible. The results achieved by this
describe varieties in which the purple
method are eminently satisfactory, the plants
pigment is entirely eliminated from the
having a healthier appearance and being less
labellum as well as the sepals and petals.
susceptible to disease during the trying winter
The true C. labiata alba is very rarely
months.
discovered ; in fact, so scarce is it in its
It is not suggested that anything approach- native country that many importations are
ing the cool-house treatment should be received without a single specimen being
adopted, for this would bring about a severe detected. In the Vale Bridge collection a
check ; but a house such as is often described particularly fine form, distinguished by the
as a warm Cattleya house will answer the varietal name Lord Kitchener, has this season
purpose admirably during the summer months. produced a flower measuring 7 inches in
During bright sunshine the inside tempera- width, and the same distance from tip of
ture is bound to rise considerably, but as this dorsal sepal to the foremost part of the
occurs during a proportionate increase of light labellum. Even the yellowish colour in the
it will prove beneficial in more ways than one. throat has almost disappeared, all that
It is only when a very high temperature exists remains being a few greenish-yellow lines.
ill company with deficient light that the Another rarity in this class is the variety
weekly and unsatisfactory bulbs are produced. Purit)', which
once carried the unusual
The days of attempting the cultivation of number of five well-developed flowers on a
Orchids in hot vapour baths have almost single spike. Needless to remark all the
vanished, and the few instances in which this segments are pure w^hite.
unpleasant treatment still seems necessary The varieties with coloured labellums are
may even yet give place to methods entailing numerous and considerably more attractive,
a more genial and healthier atmosphere. possibly owing to the contrast of the purple
62 THE ORCHID WORLD. [December, 1914.

pigment and the white ground. It has been reedleyensis and Lady Duff, all of which are
frequentl}- noticed that the brighter the meritorious plants.
colour on the hibellum so much the whiter One variety, however, styled .Sir John
do the otlier segments appear to the eye. French, deserving special mention is a newly-
The variety bearnig the name Mrs. E. imported plant, which, when it has been
Ashworth is stiU regarded as one of the finest ])roperly e.stablished, will undoubtedly prove
yet seen, altliough it is now some 20 years to be one of the finest varieties yet seen. At
since it was first exhibited. There is a par- jiresent it is flowering on a small and poorlj-
ticuhirly graceful style in the way the petals developed bulb, but the flower already gives
arc arranged in bending form, while the strong" evidence of what is likely to be seen
labellum is noted for the exxeptionally bright in future years. This is expected to prove a
magenta-purple veining. In the \ariet\' rival to the renowned Gilmouriae.
bearing the name Daphne the violet-i)urple Many other albino species are cultivated,
on the labellum is surrounded by an unusually and produce elegant flowers in their respec-
broad white area, thus yielding a striking- tive seasons.Of these mention can here be
contrast. This variety was one of the gems made of C. Lueddemanniana Empress, the
in the Bradshaw collection, as also was Pride finest alba variety of this species yet
of Southgate, another distinct variety, now in flowered ; Mr. Ricliard Ashworth's variety of
the possession of Mr. E. \'. Low, and C. Gaskelliana, and M. Lambeau's variety of
carrying three handsome blooms. C. Mendelii, which has white sepals and
A
beautiful variety called La Vierge, once petals and a blui.sh labellum. Laelio-Cattleya
in the celebrated collection of Mrs. Bnggs Decia alba is believed to be the only instance
Bury, has been in fine form this season, the of a L. Perrinii hybrid throwing an albino
vividly-bright colour on the labellum being flower, the sepals and petals being pure
surrounded by white border. In this same
a white, the labellum rose-pink. The new
section are the two extra choice varieties, Cattleya Brenda (Dusseldorfei L'ndine x
known respectively as Louise and Princess Gaskelliana alba) is well represented.
Helene. There are several good plants of the
A very uncommon variation be seen in
is to distinct Lselia tenebrosa " Walton Grange
the variety R. I. Measures, the snow-white var.," and what is perhaps of still greater
flower having the open part of the labellum interest amost promising batch of seedlings
suffused with pmk. There is also a new and between this and a specially selected form of
very distinct form, named Lady Jellicoe, C. aurea. Judging by the bulbs made during
which has pure white sepals and petals and the past summer several of the seedlings will
a light lavender coloured hp. The well- flower during the next season. This hybrid
known Amesiana and Gilmouna? are bears the name of L.-C. luminosa aurea, and
represented by robust plants carrying an illustration of a beautiful variety, derived
exceptionall}- strong flower spikes. from similar parents, was included in our last
Amongst the newer varieties of promise issue.

mention may be made of Mrs. A. Ommund- While on the subject of albino Orchids, it

sen, with white sepals and petals, and another is of interest to note several strong plants
known as Kromerae, which has the unusual of the pure white variety of Dendrobium
character of a bluish labellum. The variety Phalaenopsis, which find a suitable growing
glauca is quite distinct by reason of the place suspended from the roof of a Cattleya
peculiar bluish-grey tint suffused over the liouse. This North Australian species is not
whole flower ; this season it has carried a only very graceful in appearance, but forms
spike of three large flowers. a good subject where cut flowers are required
Although it is somewhat difficult to notice for decorative purposes. At Vale Bridge a
all the various varieties, mention should be large batch of robust plants has produced a
made of W. R. Lee and Leeana, as well as quantity of crimson-purple flowers.
64 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Ducfinber, 19 14.

CCELOGYNE CRISTATA. supply of moisture, but when the bulbs are

maturing and autumnal weather is prevalent
CO'lLOGYNE CRISTATA is generally then drier conditions should be maintained.
be found amongst the first dozen
to During the winter months but little water will

plants purchased by an amateur. Its be required, otherwise the flower buds,

cultivation is universal, and in many green- situated at the base of the bulbs, are liable

houses where decorative and other plants are to rot off.

grown it often serves as the sole representa- With regard to temperature nothing very
tive of the Orchid family. One
has not far definite need be This species can be
stated.

to search for the cause of this popularity. In successfully cultivated m

an ordinary green-
the first place, healthy, vigorous plants can be house along with ferns and other shade-loving
purchased for a small sum secondly, they;
plants, or it can be placed in a vinery or other

require little more than ordinary care and, ;

houses of similar temperature. In Orchid

thirdly, the)- give an abundance of bloom establishments it is usually placed in company

during the late winter months, a season when with cool-growmg kinds during the
the

every kind of flower is greatly appreciated. summer months and removed to a warmer
Years ago frequent importations took place, temperature in winter time. If there is a

but the stock of plants in this and many other secret regarding its cultivation it seems to Ije

countries is now ampl)' sufficient to supply all that a warm house is needed during the
present demands. In common with all kinds winter months, a minimum temperature being
of Orchids this species must be in good about 55 degrees.
health, otherwise satisfaction will never be Coelogyne cristata was originally discovered
acquired. There are many kind-hearted by Dr. Wallich, in 1824. Its native home is
suitable in the Himalayan zone, at elevations ranging
Orchidists who will willingly give
plants to any amateur desiring to commence —
from 4,500 7,500 feet. The flowers are pure
the cultivation of these elegant flowers, but
white, with orange-yellow keels on the
failing this opportunity strong plants can be
labellum. Various varieties have from time
purchased from any of the well-known trade to time been recorded, the most prominent

dealers.
being alba, in which the labellum is entirely
Our illustration shows only a portion of a devoid of yellow, and Lemoniana, in which
flowering plant. Small plants are not recom- the labellum is marked with citron. The
mended, for it IS not until the bulbs are latter variety first appeared in the collection

numerous that good flowering results are of Sir Charles Lemon, at Carclew.

obtained. The more the bulbs grow one

upon another, and thus form congested
masses, so much the more numerous do the
flowers appear to be. It is no uncommon

sight to see plants diameter

18 inches in

with hundreds of bulbs piled up in almost

pyramidical style, and bearing m the late
winter months nearly enough bloom to

completely hide the plant.

When the plants attain large proportions it
will be convenient to cultivate them shallow m
pans, or else in large pots two-thirds full of

crocks too great a mass of compost is always

;

injurious, and tends to injure the plant b\-

becoming sour through an over-abundance of
moisture. Of course, during the growing
season the plants should never lack a sufficient Ccelogync lonieniosa.
DoremlKM-, if)i4.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 65

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE. The flowering season of (". insigne extends

from the early part of October until the end

OUR contemporary,
Horliciiltiirc,
The Journal of
has always done much
of February, and nia)- be even extended by
placing the plants in cooler quarters, and then
towards the advancement of Orchid- again into heat some little time before the
ology, and many excellent illustrations of flowers are recjuired. It may !)<> grown as
these aristocratic plants have from time to large specimens, or as small plants for
time appeared in its pages. This enterprising decoration, for which the long-lasting
" Journal "
has decided to institute a series of properties of the flowers render it extreiiu^ly
competition essays with a view to encouraging valuable.
the education of gardeners and those inter- To those who reside near our great
ested m gardening, the monthly Prize being industrial centres, where fogs prevail and the
a Solid Gold Medal and a weekly copy of the atmosphere is heavily charged with obnoxious
jniblication post free for a year. A recent matters, these plants are indispensable, as
subject upon which essays were invited was they succeed when many others fail to grow.
Cypripedium msigne, the final decision being
entrusted to Mr. Gurney Wilson, who, from Cypripedium insigne as a Parent.
the many excellent articles sent in, selected
that written by Mr. J. T. Barker, The Weir, To this species chiefly we are indebted for
Hessle, near Hull, as worthy of the Prize. the fine race of winter-flowermg Cypripediums
By courtesy of Mr. Horace J. Wright, Editor we now have in cultivation. It has been
of The J ournal of Horticulture, we have crossed with the majority of the species,
pleasure in publishing the winning essay. many hybrids, and the varieties have even
been crossed with each other, in some cases
Cypripedium insigne.
with excellent results.
Since its introduction about the year i8ig .Space forbids me giving even an outline of
few plants have been so extensively grown the many beautiful hybrids. .Suffice to show
or proved of such horticultural value as the diversity of colour to state that the
Cypripedium insigne and its varieties. progeny varies from the almost pure white,
Originally discovered by Dr. Wallich, in the C. Boltoni, to the deepest hue. There are
Sylhet district of north-east India, it flowered few winter Cypripediums which have not
for the first time in this country in the some blood of this species in them.
Liverpool Botanic Garden in the autumn of An attempt to describe the numerous
1 820; it has been discovered subsequently varieties would demand much more space
by other collectors in different districts, hence than that at my disposal. I will only mention
the many varieties. one or two of the best, because these demand
It is grown in almost every garden which no more space or skill in culture than the
contains a greenhouse, and under whatsoever inferior ones, and they should, therefore, be
conditions rarely produce flowers. I
fails to given the preference. At the present day C.
have seen grown
under almost every
it insigne must be divided into two sections,
condition imaginable in —
windows, green- i:amely, those which produce \-ellow flowers
houses and stoves, and always it flourished. and those which produce spotted ones.
Plants growing under adverse conditions do Among the former C. insigne Sanderae is still
not, of course, produce blossoms of the best incomparably the best, followed closel\- by
quality neither are they so effective either
; C.i.Sanderianum, C. Gladys, and C. Gloire
1. i.

on the plants or in a cut state. The flowers, d'Auderghem. Among the spotted varieties
which are most varied, adapt themselves to the large C. insigne Harefield Hall variety is

almost every kind of decorative work, and much the best, judged either for size or
are much prized during the dull, dark days of colour ;
but it is followed closely by C. i.

winter, stupendum and C. i. Chantini.

66 THE ORCHID WORLD. [December, I9i4.

Notes on Cultivation. plants is shortly after flowering, when the

half-developed new growths are about to
As a plant in universal request, it is, as 1 push roots ; if one can anticipate these roots
have previously stated, grown under various so much the better, as the plant then
conditions ; but to achieve the finest results re-establishes itself more quickly. The pots
some definite routine of management is must be clean and well-drained. A layer of
imperative. I am well aware that there are 2 inches of clean crocks is ample, placed
other modes of cultivation quite as successful carefully in position, as drainage does not
as the one here laid down, but the line of depend much on the quantity of material
so
practice is the one adopted l)y myself, and, used as the way m which it is disposed in the
if I may be allowed to sa\' so, with the most receptacles. In repotting the plants, as much
gratif}'ing results. as possible of the old material ought to be
The majority of the varieties are extremely removed without damaging the roots, and the
vigorous of constitution, and so far defy bad old woody rhizome must be cut away, as if
and indifferent treatment as to render them allowed to remain it often causes decay in the
suitable for amateurs who have not toomuch centre.
time to bestow upon the plants, but who love Compost. —A
suitable compost is made up
them nevertheless. An up-to-date collection as follows : Equal parts of peat, Osmunda,
of C. msigne is so varied that there must be At, and loam fibre mixed with a liberal
differences in respect of their requirements. ;iddition ofsphagnum moss. All the earthy
It will also be observed that there is con- particles should be removed from the peat
siderable diversity in the width and strength and other fibres. The material must be made
oF the foliage, as well as in the rooting firm about the roots, and it ought to be
systems of the plants. Such details must be heated to the same degree as the tempera-
carefully noted when potting the plants, the ture of the house in which the plants are
feeble rooters never being placed m large growing ; this is easily accomplished by
pots, while the strong growers may have a placing the compost in the house overnight.
material shift as regards the size of pot. Propagation. This is effected by—
C. insigne is often recommended as a cool- division, and in the case of C. Sanderae it i.

house Orchid, have never seen a

but I can also be done by raising seedlings
satisfactory si^ecimen produced under those fertilised with its own pollen, which
conditions, and I do not, therefore, advise that invariably come true. This is rather
it 'hould be treated as such. The flowers on remarkable, as generally when this variety is

ihe half-starved plants grown in a cool house used as a parent its progeny reverts to a
;irc midgets compared to those yielded under normal t)-pe. It is not desirable to divide
more favourable conditions. The plants the plants into small pieces, as pieces of fair
succeed best in a warm winter temperature of size produce flowers of the best quality, while
about 55 60 degs.
degs.During the
to small portions are not, in some cases, the best
summer months they must be shaded from of growers.
strong sunshine, and the atmos]ihcre must be Watering. — The amount of water ajiplied
kept humid at all times ; much less moisture to the roots of any plant grown in a pot
W'ill suffice m the winter. A useful guide is depends n great deal upon the nature of the
the greater the heat the more the moisture, compost. Should the material be close and
as they will withstand the heat provided that retentivemuch less water will be required
there is an abundance of moisture. The than when an open and porous mixture is
up to the glass, to
plants are best raised well used. Soft water, whenever obtainable,
prevent the leaves becoming drawn. They should always be preferred both for root
should be supplied with frc^h air at all application and spraying, and it should be as
seasons. nearly as possible of the same temperature as
Potting. -The best time to repot the tlie house. Cold liard water is liable to cause
Dc'LX'iiibiT, 1914.] 1111': ORCHID WOULD. 67

'
the youn;^' leaves ton assmnc. ai- brown rusty tliey are not subject to insect pests. Tlinps
appearance, and lo check the youny- routs. and stock-seeded scale may, however, infest
After repotting, water with great caution them, and it is advisable to s])onge the leaves
until the new roots have freely entered the once or twice a year with some sale insecti-
material ; then the supply can be gradually cide. The best times are, perhaps, jusl
increased, but a saturated condition must be before the plants come into l)loom and, after
;i\i.)ided as it causes a sour compcjst, in which repotting.
no plant delights. When the llowering .Should anyone have the inclination t<i

period is over, keej) the i)laiits slightly on acquire a cuiuplete set ol \ :irietics the)' would
tiie dry side ; but having no pseudo-lnilbs to possess a collection of plants of no lue.in
support them they must not be allowed to Older. Although some people consider th;il
siifferthrough lack of water at any season. C. insigne is a })lant of the past, 1 am
When in full growth the supply of water to convinced that for winter flowering there is
the roots should be liberal, care being taken nothing which can rival it. As the flower
that the compost becomes dry between the spikes push up and attain to sufficient length
applications. they should be neatly tied to stakes to
—
Cleanliness. This is essential, but when prevent twisting and to give the flowers a
the plants are grown under correct conditions natural appearance.

Cypripedium hirsutissimum.
o8 THE ORCHID \\ORLD. [December, 1914.

NOTES FOR AMATEURS. atmosphere will be much drier and ma\-

safely be left m this condition during a cold
night. Nothing is more detrimental to
THEcommencementDecember
iiionlli ot
of the
murks the
real winter Oichids than an unreasonably moist atmo-
sphere when the temperature is below the
treatment of Orchids, and for that
reason many of the details of culture in use
normal figure.
during the last few months must be put on The amount of light is now considerably
one side until the advent of longer da\ s and reduced, so much so that the few plants m
more genial weather. All Orchids require a growth will need e\ery care to ensure a

certain amount of atmospheric moisture robust bulb being produced. The best place

during" the whole of the }-ear, although when

sliould be selected for plaius in growth, a

much smaller quantity will suffice.

at rest a
situation near the glass, from and away
In summer and bright autumn days much
shelves dark ends and walls that ma)'
or

damping down is required to balance the keep off the little sunshine which makes its
rapid evaporation, but unless the grower is
appearance during the winter months. It

will be found a good plan to rearrange the

careful this practice is apt to be methodically
continued for a longer period than is reall)' plants every month, placiiig those in growth

necessary, with the result that an excess of upon an inverted pot, or, if many, placing
moisture brings about an atmosphere them together in a separate part of the house.

unnatural to the occupants of the house. In this wa_\' the)' can receive the necessary

During the winter months considerably less daily attention in a few moments. Of course,

damping down is required, the only places the majority of plants are now m a state of

where it is needed being round

principally comparative rest, and once or twice a week
about the boiler-end of the house and the will be quite sufficient to attend to their
ground near the hot-water pipes, for it is here wants, which will maml)- consist of occasional
that evaporation is taking place most rapid!}'. watering and some slight cleaning when
\\ henever an extra amount of artificial heat insect pests arrive.

15 used there will be needed a corresponding With Odontoglossums of the cnspum type
increase in the damping down. the conditions are somewhat different, for
A sunny morning often induces the grower these cool-house plants continue their growth
to use a considerable quantit\- of water for right through the winter months. But even
damping down, resulting in a \er\' moist with these less water will be required, and
atmosphere. Xow if the weather remains although a minimum temperature of 50 degs.
bright all will be well, for much of this water should be aimed at, no real damage will occur
will evaporate before the evening; but it often if the thermometer falls to 45 clegs. On
happens that a bright and promising morning excessively cold nights it may not be possible
soon turns into a dreary and rain\' day, and to maintain more than 40 degs., and when
the Orchid house is left with an excessive this IS the case very little atmospheric
amount of atmospheric moisture. In this moisture should be present, and the plants
event the grower must use all his ability to should not be watered until better conditions
disperse the unrequired moisture by reason- prevail. An excellent plan is to cover the
able ventilation and fire heat. No sudden glass with mats or sacks, and when lath roller
change should be attempted, nor should a blinds are in use they may be let down as
large amount of fire heat be alone used, or additional protection. Excessive fire heat is
the house may become a hot vapour bath. never good for plants, so every means must
What is required is a slow but continuous be taken of preventing" a loss of heat from
movement of the atmosphere, which may the house, and thus reducing the need of
be effectedby slightl\- opening the top over-heated pipes.
ventilatorsand maintaining a gentle heat in Of years fogs hax e been less prevalent,
late
the hot-water pipes. After a few hours the but they are alwa)'S likely to occur near large
 —A

Dcccmhn-, i()i4.] 'IHLv ORCIIII) WORLD.

luwns, and when least expected. But few ROYAL HORTICULTURAL

Orchid flowers can stand foggy weather, so
that when it arrives every means must l)e
SOCIETY.
used to keep the injurious atmosphere out of
November 3rd, 1914.
the house by shutting all ventilators and
MEMliliRS of the Orchid Committee present:
opening the doors as seldom as possible.
J.
Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr.
Even with these precautions the fog, if
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec). Sir Jeremiah Colman,
continuous, will sooner or later find an
Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. F. M.
entrance, but every hour of preventing its
Ogilvic, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charles-
access to the plants is so many points towards
worth, J. Cyi^her, J. 'w. Flory,
E. ShiU, S.
tlieir good health.
W. P. Bound, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, W. H.
Cleaning the plants is an occupation that
White, E. H. Davidson, W. Bolton, de B.
may often be done in odd hours, and even
Crawshay and Gurney Wilson.
during the evening by means of artificial
light. No matter how clean the house itself First-class Certificate.
may be, it is generally possible to find some
Sophro-Laelia F"elicia Fowler's variety
scale on plants of the Cattleya kind its ;

presence is easily detected on the under side (S.-L. heatonensis x L. pumila), from J.
Gurney
of the leaves, but search should specially be Fowler, Esq., Pembury, Tunbridge Wells.
made under the white skin which has a dried An exceedingly fine hybrid and one of the
and dead-like look and surrounds the matured best of the Sophronitis crosses. Flower of
bulbs. If no scale is to be seen it is better perfect formation, the petals very broad, lip

for the sake of appearance not to disturb this large and well expanded. The colour is rich

outer skin, although its removal does not ruby-purple with a glowing surface.
seem to affect the condition of the plant, that
Awards of Merit.
is, of course, providing the bulbs are fully
matured. This scale clings tenaciously and Cattleya Astron (Harrisoniana alba x
its removal is best effected by means of Dusseldorfei Undine), from Baron Bruno
suitable insecticide if after a few minutes'
; Schroder, The Dell, Englefield Green. —
application it still adheres a pointed stick or pure white flower of thick substance. This
blunt knife will be required. Another hybrid received an A.M., July 28th, but on
favourite place for scale is on the rhizome account of the flower not then being available
and dormant eyes at the base of the bulb, for painting the award was withdrawn. It is

and much care is needed to remove it now confirmed.

without damaging the sensitive part of the Laslio-Cattleya Neleus var. Sunspot (C.
plant. Iris X L.-C. Ophir), from F. Menteith Ogilvie,

Dendrobiums are also liable to be attacked, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford. A ver)^ —
and require careful attention, although when brilliantly coloured flower, the sepals and
certain leaves are badly affected and disfigured petals bright golden-yellow, the labellum rich
it will be found best to totally remove them. crimson-red. One of the best of its kind.
Scale is very rarely found on Odontoglossums, Cypripedium Nirvana (yjarentage unre-
the.se cool-house plants being favourite corded), from W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpti'ii
subjects for thrips, which delight to damage Hall, Hey wood. —
A large flower of excellent
the flower and disfigure the new
spikes shape and proportion, the large white dorsal
growth. Fumigation is generally effectual, having the base marked with green and
care being taken that water is not lodging in spotted with purple.
the growths, prove a source of
or it may Odontoglossum Irene (Uro-Skinneri x
retreat for the thrips until the fumes have Thompsonianum), from Messrs. Charlesworth
passed away, when they will march forth —
and Co., Haywards Heath. A pretty flower
once again on their work of destruction. of medium size, the sepals and petals spotted
 :

THE ORCHID WORLD. [December, 1914.

vMlli dark reddish-crimson, the labellum sent Odoiitioda Schrdderiaiia Lee's variety
lieuvily blutclied with crimson. (Oda. l^radshawicc x Odin, crispum), an
excellent flower with large segments of
Other Exhibits.
cinnabar-red colour margined with rose-lilac.
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited
Heath, received a SiKer Flora Medal for an Anguloa Cliftt)iiii, a distinct \ ariet\', of lemon-
excellent selection, including Cattle)a Enid yellow colour marked with purple on the inner
and C. I'abia alliens, C)'pripediuni Lord segments.
Ossulston, Odoiitioda Brcwii with dark November 17th, UJ14..
crimson flowers, and a distinct \ariety of MEiAHJERS of the Orchid Committee present
Cattlcya H}'bla ( Triante x Iris) with a rich J. Gurney F'owler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr.
rosy-plum coloured labellum. Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec). Sir Jei'emiah Colman,
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were Bart, Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. F. M.
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- Ogilvie, F. J. Hanbury, A. McBean, W.
esting group, in which were Cypripedium The Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H.
Baron, the pretty Odontonia MacNabiana, Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, H. J. Chapman, A.
good varieties of Cattleya Fabia alba and C. Dye, E. H. Davidson, S. W. Flory, W.
Mantinii, and a very bright form of Cattleya Bolton,J. Wilson Potter, J. E. Shill, de B.
Hard}ana. The rare Coelogyne Mooreana Crawshay, Gurney Wilson and R. A. Rolfe.
was also shown.
Awards of Merit.
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
Sophro-Cattleya November (C. Portia x
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.,
S. grandiflora),
pleasing exhibit of V anda coerulea and
Dendrobium superbiens, as well as D.
Brackenhurst, Pembury. An extremely well- —
Phalajnopsis. Cattleya Peetersii and C. Fabia
built flower, all segments
being very
the
broad and of rose-crimson colour, the open
alba were in good form, and Laelio-Cattleya
labellum having a crimson apex and yellowish
eximia was shown with a spike of 6 flowers.
base.
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge
Odontoglossum crispum Millie, from
Wells, exhibited theirnew Brasso-Cattleya
x\dmiral jellicoe (C. Lord Rothschild x B.-C.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. One of —
the finest of the Pacho type crispums, the
Digbyano-Mossiae), an excellent hybrid with
segments being particularly broad and of
rosy-mauve segments. Also B.-C. Mrs. J.
large dimension. Silvery-white with a few-
Leemann Orchidhurst variety, a large flower
spots on the labellum.
of primrose-yellow colour, the lip marked
with rose ; and Laelio-Cattleya Hector Certificate of Appreciation
Orchidhurst variety.
Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards
To C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court,
Horsham, Calanthe Branchii (Textorii x
for
Heath, showed several excellent examples of
Wm. Murray), a very interesting hybrid
white varieties of Cattleya labiata, including
connecting the evergreen and deciduous
Pride of Southgate with a spike of 3 flowers,
sections.
R. I. Measures, Daphne, Mrs. E. Ashworth
and La Vierge. Cultural Commendation
E. Whiteaway, Esq., Feltham Lodge, To Mr. J. Davis Orchid grower to J.
Feltham, sent a flower of Brasso-Cattleya Gurney Fowler, Esq., for Odontoglossum
Surprise var. Gladius (C. bicolor x B.-C. Lambeauianum with a spike of 53 flowers.
Digbyano-Mossiae), with greenish-yellow
sepals and petals, the expanded and flatl\"
Other Exhibits.

arranged median lobe of the labellum bright Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
])urple. Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal
W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, for a good group containing the yellow
 ;

I)c(^cml)cr, K)i4.] 'IIII-: ORCIIII) WORLD. 7'

Lu'lio-Cattlcyii Ncknis, 1..-C'. St. (jothanl and John r. ik-nnett-Poe, lisc]., cxhiljitcd
L.-C. Black Prince ; several varieties of Brasso-Cattleya Mme. Chas. Maron, a well-
Brasso-Cattleya Rutherfordii, with whitish built flower of bright rose-purple colour.
flowers ;
pretty varieties of Odontoglossum William Potter, Esq., Elmside, Lawn Road,
Dora, the richly coloured Odontioda Brewii, Beckenham, sent a Cattleya flower with
and Cypripedium Gaston Bulteel var. King bright purple veining on the lip, .somewhat
Edward. The elegant Paphinia cristata was resembling that seen in C. maxima, but the
well shown. Committee were unable to determine its
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, correct name.
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an attrac-
tive selection of a species and hybrids, the
best being- Aerides Lawrenceae, Maxillaria
luteo-alba, the rare Coelogyne Mooreana,
Cattleya Fabia alba, the new Brassocattlaslia
Seaforth Highlander, with large rose
MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.
coloured flowers, Odontonia MacNabiana,
October i 5th, 1914.
and the new Odontonia Princess Marie Jose
with an erect spike of violet-rose flowers, the Me.MBERS of the Committee present Rev. :

labellum blotched with brownish scarlet. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, Ashworth, J. Bamber, H. Bell, J. J. Bolton,

secured a Silver Flora Medal for a well J. C. Cowan, J Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes,
arranged group of Cypripediums, including A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C.
Gaston Bulteel, the richly coloured Priam, Parker, W. Shackleton, Z. A. Ward, G.
Elatior, Leeanum Corona, the beautiful Bol- Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary).
tonii and the well-known insigne Harefield Hall. A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R.
Messrs. Stuart Eow and Co., Jarvisbrook, Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, for an excellent
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for some group of various Orchids.
interesting species and hybrids. Among Large Silver Medals were granted to Z. A.
these were a fine variety of Vanda Sander- Ward, Esq., Northenden and W. R. Lee,;

iana, the rare Oncidium varicosum citrinum, Esq., Heywood, for good groups.
Coelogyne Veitchii, the distinct Cattleya .Silver Medals were granted to William

labiata " R. I. Measures," and a bold variety Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange and Messrs. ;

of Cattleya Dupreana, named Gorgeous. (Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham.

Good examples of Dendrobium Phalaenopsis A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to

were also staged. Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn and a ;

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, .Special Vote of Thanks to J. J. Bolton, Esq.,

exhibited Cattleya Moira magnifica (Mantinii M anchester.

X Fabia), with rich rose-purple flowers and Other exhibitors included A.J.
Oakshott,
an orange centre to the labellum. Also Esq., Bidston; J. Stott, Esq., Radcliff
Laslio-Cattleya Nestor, Brasso-Cattleya Mrs. Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ;

Leemann, and the distinct Cattleya Sylvia Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans Mr. J. ;
J.
var. sulphurea. Evans and Mr. J. Birchenall.
Messrs. J.and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
staged the new Sophro-Cattleya Pearl (Doris FiRST-CLASs Certificate.
X Portia), with crimson-purple flowers.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited Odontoma Cholletii (Miltonia vexillaria x
Zygo-Colax Veitchii, with well-developed Odontoglossum Harryanum), a flower with
flowers, and the elegant Odontoglossum segments of suffused pink, the labellum
crispum Millie, which obtained an Award of resembling that of Harryanum. From W. R
Merit. Lee, F^sq.
 THI-: ORCHID WORI.l). [DeccmlxT, 1914.

Awards of Merit. petals, and brilliantly coloured hp, from S

Gratrix, Esq.
Cattleya labiata Pandora, C. 1. Ashlands
Odontoglossum Minos (loochristiense x
var., Awards of Merit.
Lambeauianum), and Cypripedium Thisbe.
All from R. Ashworth, Esq. OdontogloRsum Noel, O. Jeanette rubellum,
Cattleya Fabia alba var. Lady Jellicoe,
Cattleya Sylvia atro-rubens, Cypripedium
(Cattleya Iris var. Sir John Jellicoe, and Laelio- Idina, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Cattleya St. (kjthard " West Point var." All Brasso-Cattleya sulphurea (C. Gaskelliana
from S. Gratrix, Esq. alba X B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann), from R.
Ashworth, Esq.
November 5th, 1 9 14. Cattleya Arm.strongiae, Cringlewood var.,

Members of the Committee present Rev. :

from Z. A. Ward, Esq.
Cattleya Fabia " Fire King," from Mrs. R.
J. Crombleholme (m the chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, le Doux.
Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. Cypripedium Draco var. Cyclops, from S.
J.
Gratrix, Esq.
McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W.
Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G.
Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). Awards of Appreciation.
A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to
Col. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, for an Cattleya Fabia alba, from Wm. Thompson,
J.
excellent exhibit of various Orchids and a Esq.
;

Cattleva labiata " Rosy Alorn," from Col.

Silver-gilt Medal to R. Ashworth, Esq., J.

Newchurch, for a fine group of Cattleyas and Rutherford.

C}'pripediums. Odontonia McNabiana, from Messrs.

Large Silver Medals were granted to Wm. .Sander and Sons.

Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange and Z. A. ;

Cypripedium Gen. Joffre (Leeanum Laver-
Ward, Esq., Northenden. tonianum x Ceres), from Messrs. Keeling and
.Sons.
.Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le

Doux, West Derby and Messrs. Sander and

;

Sons, St. Albans. First-class Botanical Certificate.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, exhibited ten
plants of C\pripedium Maudia? and nine Cnelogyne brunnea, from Messrs. .Sander
jilants of C. Fairrieanum, as well as others. and Sons.
H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill, staged
Cypripedium Reg. Young and Earl of Cultural Certificate
Tankerville x Fairrieanum.
Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, To Mr.Weatherby, gardener to Z. A.
J.

exhibited a batch of rare varieties of white Ward, example of Cattleya

Esq., for a fine

Cattleya labiata. Armstrongiae, Cringlewood var.

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate,
exhibited Cattleyas of merit and Mr. W. ;

Shackleton, Bradford, and Mr. D. McLeod,

Chorlton-cum-Hardy, also exhibited special
plants.

First-class Certificate,

Cattleya Peetersii alba. West Point var., a

well-set flower with pure white sepals and
 NOTES.
y\NC.R.y.rUM RECruxr. —
The liandsome from the '^ame bull) and carrying a total of
plant fio-ured in tlie OrCHIO WorlI), Vol. IV., 70 handsomely ])lotche<l flowers. Other
p. (So, is again in flower in Messrs. Charles- Odontoglossums are equally well cultixated,
worth's H.aywards Heath.
establishment at and, together with various Oncidiums, arc
This time it bears no less than 4O flowers, and grown in same house as the Cypripediums.
the
is making" two or three young" growths from \^arious ferns and other plants are grown
the older portion of the thick stem. under the staging, and assist m maintaining
a constantly moist atmosphere. It is inter-
esting to note that the Cypripediums are
The Ashtead Park Collection. — We potted in peat and rough fibre, good loam
have pleasure in announcing" that Mr. Pantia being very difficult to procure. Mr. Crosley
Ralli, of Ashtead Park, Surrey, has been also refers to the useful article on Thermo-
elected a member of the Orchid Committee meters (p. 44), Centigrade being the recog-
of the Royal Horticultural Society. For some nised scale m his locality.
considerable time the Ashtead Park collection U
has received many rare and choice specimens, Royal Thanks.— Mrs. Wm. Bolton, of
and at the present time it is one of the finest Wilderspool, Warrington, has received the
in the South of England. The plants have following telegram from Queen Alexandra
been successfully cultivated by Mr. S. Fames — " I thank you both for the magnificent
:

and look the picture of good health. It is Orchids which you have so kindly sent me on
worthy of note that Mr. W. H. White, late of m)- birthday." For the last ten years Mr. W'm.
liurford, has been engaged to assist in the Bolton has always forwarded some of his
Orchid houses at Ashtead Park, and with choicest flowers for Queen Alexauflra's
such a combination of talent a large measure acceptance as a birthday present; tins time
of success will assuredly be ])rodured. the gift consisted of three large boxes of
Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Odonloglossums
and Oncidiums.
ORfiiiDs IN France. — Mr. H. C. Croslcy
sends three interesting photographs of Sir Joseph Hooker. -At the Meeting of
specimen ])lants m the Ilaut Buisson collec- tlie Linnean Society, December i/tli, U)' |,

tion, Fa k'erte Bernard, Sarthe, France. One Dr. O. Stapf read a letter addressed b\- Dr.
IS of a well-flowered Dendrobium formosum, 1 olcutaro Ito, of Tokyo, to Lady Flooker, in
an excellent early winter blooming species, which he informs her that .Sir Joseph D.
while the others rejiresent Cypripedium Hooker " has been recently selected by the
Rossetti, a strongly grown plant with large cnntem])oraries in Japan as one of the
blooms, and Odontoglossuni illustrissmHim, Twenly-nine Heroes of the World that
the latter showing two spikes, both produced Modern Time has produce rl."

VOL. V. 10
74
Till': ORCHID WORLD. fj;inu;iry, 1915.

OlilTUARY. -Wc res:;Tet to record tht^ denth, theoretical point of view. The cultivation of

which took i)lace on December i/th ult., of Orchids has been facilitated by the discovery
Mr. W. B. Latham, for thirty-five years curator of the general nature and mode of infection

of the Birmingham Botanic Gardens. His of the germinating seedling with the so-called

name will be rememliered by ryi)ri]iedium symbiotic fungus. One of the most interesting,
Lathamianum (Spicerianum x \ illosum) raised and from a theoretical point of view
Ijy him m 1888. important, instances of the relation of an
U SI U Orchid with a fungus is that of the Japanese

SXENOf.T.OTTIS LONGIFOLIA. — This pretty

species Gastrodia elata. We are fully

acquainted with remarkable life history,

its
South African j)lant merits greater attention
and it is one of the very few instances in
lhan generally gix'en, for its graceful and
which we are sure of the identity of the
erect many-flowered spikes are seen at their
infecting fungus. Gastrodia is a terrestrial
best during the dull days of December. The
sjiecieswhich forms underground tubers.
blooms are light mauve-purple, with a singular
form has been
These only produce flowers when they have
five-toothed lip ; a pure white
been infected with a rhizomorph of Agaricus
discovered, but remains very rare. One of
(ArmiUaria) melleus, which is often parasitic
the finest batches of plants it has been our
on the trees amongst which the Orchid
pleasure to see is m the collection of Col.
grows. There are many theories (or rather
.Stephenson R. Clarke, C.B., Borde Hill,
h)'potheses) as to how the association of the
Cuckfield, Sussex, where many of the spikes
root and fungus to form a mycorrhiza is
have attained the height of 3 feet, and carry
brought about, and as to the relation to each
innumerable flowers. These plants are under
other which subsists between the two
the care of Mr. E. Johnson, who attributes
symbionts. But the examples that have been
much of his success to the fact that the
investigated leave no room for doubt that the
tuberous roots are not dried off directly the
relation is essentially one of parasitism. The
])lantshave finished flowering, but are kept
degree of infection, however, is checked by
moderately moist until the new growth
the root, in some way not as yet fully
appears above the surface, when more water
understood. For the present it will suffice to
is applied, chiefly to the compost, although
say that, while in many cases the fungus
occasional spraying of the foliage is found to
seems to thrive, but fails to penetrate the
be beneficial. Some growers place the pots
deeper tissues of the root; in others it invades
on a shelf as soon as flowering time is over,
the whole plant without, however, doing it
and there leave them in a dry state until the
any harm. In others, again, certain tissues of
spring, much in the way of Thunia treatment,
tne host plant have obviously and definitely
but this method does not yield anything like
the power of destroying it after it has
the satisfactory results seen in the Borde Hill
infected them and thriven for a while in their
collection. The plants being of a terrestrial
interior. But the mycorrhizal association itself
nature require a compost of fibrous loam with
js always beneficial, and often indispensable.
the addition of a little leaf mould.
I he influences which enable a parasite to
obtain entrance into the body of its host plant
Orchifj Fungus. The Journal of the — are at least two-fold in nature. First, there
Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. XL., Part IL, is the attraction, which directs the attack, and,
contains a report of the lecture given by secondly, there is the actual method of
IVof. J. B. Farmer, D.Sc, F.R.S.," on the penetration. probable that in all cases
It is

Plant in Relation to its Biological Environ- the sense of direction is given by some
ment, from which we abstract the following- substance that exudes from the host plant,
note :
— "A
study of the relation of the and that this serves as the means of
higher plant to various fungal species is full attraction which determines the direction of
of promise, both from a practical and a growth towards it on the part of the parasite."
j;mii;iry, Hji.S.] 'nil' ORCnjn WORLD 75

Odontoglossum Mirabeau car. Mastiff.

Odontoglossum Miradeau. — The colour m the background. 1 his strongl)'

ori;4"iual and description of this
illustration built flower, appropriately iiaiiied Alastifl, was
handsome Odontoglossum hybrid was pub- exhibited by Messrs. J. and A. McBean,
hshed in the ORCHID WORLl), Vol. IV., Cooksbridge, at the Royal Horticultural
p. i()2, tlie i)arenta<^e being: — Society, April 2ist, 1914, when a h'irst-class
i;i"is[juni lutcopurpureiim nobilc Uarryaimin Certificate was awarded.

Wilckeamim ciis]jiiin

I
I
I i
" The Orchid Remew."- -Tiie December
I issue of this journal an excellent
contains
L unbciuiaiiiiin
portrait of Jeremiah Colnian, Bart.,
Sir
V.M.H., Gatton Park, Surrey and a repro-
;

Mirabc'au
duced photograph of Oncidium Leiboldii, a
In llic \ ariet\' Mastiff, illustrated above, the
ilistinct and pretty little Cuban species which
large size of the flower can be attributed to
has flowered in the collection of Mr. F. J. Le
lutco])urpureum and Harryanum, while the
Moyne, Station L., Baltimore, Maryland,
breadth of the segments is produced by the
U.S.A.
combined efforts of crispum and nobile
(Pescatorei). The attenuated li]) is very
indicative of luteopurpureum, to winch species Royal Horticultural Society.— Meet-
also, as well as Harryanum, we are indebted ings of the Society will be held on January 5tli
for the heavy blotching and suffusion of and Uj[h, and February 2iid, 1915.
 — —

76 THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

Catti.eva Dowiana Memokia Julius THE GIANT ORCHID.

RoEHRS. Horliculturc, U.S.A., cunlains in
its issue uf Nuvember 21st, 1914, an illus-

tration uf this rarity which has just flowered The following interesting note on the

iVir the lirst time m

an importation of the Giant Orchid appears m a recent issue of the
species. The flower differs from the type AVa- Lhtllclin (1914, No. 9):— "The large

111 that the li}) IS i^old and orange-veined, plant of Grammatophyllum speciosum pre-

withuul a trace of any other colour m fact, ; sented to Kew b\' Messrs. Sander and Sons,
it IS an all-yellow Dowiana. The varietal Bruges and St. Albans, in Ma\-, 1893, and
name is that of the late Julius Roehrs, since then one of the principal features of
Kiillu-rfdrd, X.|., a man who tlunng his life House No. 10, is again in flower. Owing to

did much f(ir the cause of Orchid culture its ha\ing been found necessary to reduce
111 the I 'lilted .States. the plant last year by removing the oldest
pseudo-bulbs, it has on this occasion only one
flower spike, about 7 feet in height, and

GLADYS. -This
carrying over fifty flowers and buds. A
CVI'RU'EDIU.M IXSIGNE
better idea of the capabilities of this remark-
variet)- is generally reganled as one of the
able Orchid was obtained when the Kew
purest of the being entirely
albino forms,
si)ecimcn flowered in 1907. It then de\ el-
without the minute spots and brownish hairs
oped three racemes ; the tallest attained
that arc present on other all)iii()s of the
nearly 1 1 feet in height, and had, at one
sjiecies. Mr. J as. Smith, of Arddarroch
tune, exi)anded flowers and 40 unopened
8.:
Gardens, (jarelochhead, wishing to increase
buds in various stages of development, the
the stock (jf this variet)', fertilised a n(_iwer of
other two racemes being only slightly smaller.
the same with its own pollen, firmly belicx ing
The largest flowers are commonly 0 inches m
that the resulting seedlings would per])etuate
diameter, and are borne on the lower half of
the all)ino condition, as has invariably
the inflorescence. The flowers have a spice-
occurred when msigne Sandera" has been
like odour and good lasting qualities. Their
self-fertilised. A number of strong plants ground colour is dull yellow, heavily spotted
were dul}- raised, and of the six that have so
with reddish-brown the sepals and petals
;

far reached the flowering stage every one has

are spreading, broadly oblong obtuse, undu-
reverted to the typical coloured form of the
late the lip is small, being scarcely
; inch i

species. What
can be the reason ? Mr. .Smith
long, three-Iobed, orange streaked with red,
sends flowers of both insigne Gladys and the
the disc sulcate, with three raised plates,
disappointing seedlings, and suggests that
bristling with short hairs. The column is
insigne Gladys cannot be the true alluiio we
greenish-yellow spotted with reddish-brown.
once thought it to be.
G. speciosum is the most common of the
three or four species inhabiting the Malay
Archipelago and Malacca. In a wild state, or
Orchids from Streatham Hill. — From cultivated in tropical gardens, it forms
the collection of Mr. Richard G. Thwaites, enormous masses on large trees, producing as
Chessington, Streatham fdill, we have received many as fifty flower-spikes at one time. It
flowers of Odontioda Latona sanguinea was first flowered in this country in 185 L
(Bradshawiae x crispo-Harr\'anum), one of the The Kew plant was one of the largest that
finest yet flowered, of intense scarlet-red, with Cduld be found in the neighbourhood of
flat and broad segments ; of Odontoglossum Penang. It was originall\- intended for the
Chieftain (Vujistekei x Rolfeae), a promising Chicago Exposition, but, meeting with an
variety of reddish-brown tint ; and of Cattleya accident during the voyage to England, it
Leda (Percivaliana x aurea), in which the lip was decided not to send it any further.
is as large and fine as that of aurea. W. W."
 :

Janu;iry, KJ15.J rill'; ORCHID world.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Now for the discovery of the " alias."

LILACINUM. On December 22nd, 1905, 1 exchanged a

plant with .Sir Trevor for ;inolher variety and

To the
only
present-day grower this
imphes a hlac-rose
name
eoloured
brought
White,
it home myself that day. Mr. W.
who was with Sir Trevor and me
II.

in.
cnspiim, but there is a variety, and a
classic one too, named and certified long ago,
the Odontoglossum house, packed u|) the
existing in a few collections where portions l)lant. The plant did not like the change to
of the plant are grown, but tliey are unknown Rosefield, and steadily went backwards, but

lo their owners ! have a plant, and consider

1 with careful nursing it revived, and on Feb.
it one of the best of theroseum punctatissimuiri 2()th, 9 14, it bloomed. There was a strange
1

class, and its history will be of interest. sort of a " memory of long ago " in the flower
One day in 1885, at Messrs. Protheroe and which I could not recall, so I looked over all

Morns', I well remember the late Mr. H. M. my " ancient history " pictures and recognised
Pollett, of Fernside, Bickley, bringing me a it at once in the original painting of
little box containing two blooms of crispum, lilacinum given me on Sept. gth, 1899, by the
one was lilacmum and the other roseum late Mr. PoUett.
punctatissimum both were rosy varieties, but
; I set to work to trace the history of
lilacinum far the better. He had recently purpurascens, which was not difficult, as Mr.
purchased tliem in flower, giving 10 gns. \V. H. White wrote to me that " Sir Trevor
for the former and 5 gns. for tlie latter, and bought the plant at Messrs. Protheroe and
asked my opinion upon the names he Morris, March 4th, 1892, as O. crispum
proposed for them. He exhibited both plants lilacinum ; when it first flowered here
at the Royal Horticultural Society, May 26th, (Burford) it was so poor that we almost
1885, each being awarded a First-class decided to burn it. The plant's life was
Certificate. spared, and itgrew into a fine one, and m
In his sale, April 7th, i8gi, lilacinum 1899 so fine was it that Sir Trevor re-named
appears Lot 186, six bulbs, and was
as it purpurascens."
purchased by M. Lucien Linden for 80 gns. was easy to refer to the travels of
It
In the sale announcements in the Gardeners' lilacinum,and I soon found the above quoted
Chronicle, Feb. 27th, 1892, appears under the Sale Announcement, and cleared up the facts.
Protheroe and Morris' sale of March 4th Hence all parts of purpurascens are,
" Also a beautiful Odontoglossum crispum properly speaking, lilacinum by priority.
lilacinum, now in full flower with fine bulbs." This is a case of two First-class Certificates
(I have no doubtthis should have been five being given to one variety under two names ;

bulbs.) was not present at the sale and

I the first time the plant appeared, under the
never heard until 19 14 where the plant went. name lilacinum, being before the Royal Horti-
On June 27th, 1899, Sir Trevor Lawrence cultural Society commenced the painting of
was granted an Award of Merit, and on certificated plants, hence no record was
March 26th, 190 1, a First-class Certificate available in 1899 and 1901 when the act was
for Odontoglossum crispum purpurascens, a unwittingly committed, no one recognising
beautiful variety with lilac-rose flowers, the plant again, as it had so immensely
copiously spotted with small spots of rich improved.
crimson-brown hue. Parts of this plant he Finally, it is to be hoped that growers will
afterwards disposed of, the highest price, I do their utmost to preserve the old varieties
believe, being 1 50 gns. (Protheroe and Morris, and not let them go out of cultivation, as
Dec. 22nd, 1905), and they have been some day a historic collection of Odonto-
subsequently resold in various sales. These glossums may be a means of perpetuating
plants of purpurascens that are extant now many tilings of extremely great interest.
are all parts of lilacinum. dc D. Crawshay, Rosefield, Nov. igth, igi4.

VOL, V.
 —

THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

and
A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID to reap the benefits of another's labour
trespass on
skill. Forgive me, reader, if I

GROWING. your feelings.

I am afraid that some growers do not relish
A. PAINE'S interesting letter the idea of small transactions at least, that
MR. m J.
the December issue of the is my experience, but happily
;

there are
Orchid World opens up a very exceptions. One well-known establishment
wide field and touches a point ot great close by has catered for my wants most
interest to small amateur growers, many of liberally and generously, which is much
whom would gladly welcome an innovation appreciated also another grower, in London,
;

of the kind mentioned by Mr. Paine. Indeed,
not only is this question of importance to the
amateur with limited means, l^ut, may I say,
to the trade grower likewise. One has only
to visit one of the trade or private establish-
ments to notice the tens of thousands of
when I was living there, where I always found
plants " at the right price." H. A. Farmer,
Hillside, Somerset Road, T iinbridge Wells.
^ Si IS

seedlings, born, nurtured and doomed for the

most part to a short existence.
Let me explain. A grower sows a portion It was with much interest I read in the
of seed which in due time produces some December issue of the ORCHID W^ORLD
hundreds of seedlings, which under loving- Mr. AIL J. Fame's article "A Flea for
care and attention reward him eventually with more Orchid Growing." Being myself an
his ultimate object — the flower. Now we amateur m a very humble way, and
know do not all turn out
that these seedlings remembering well my fears and misgivings
prizes, far from it, a few are selected as when I began some five years ago, it is easy
coming up to the raiser's standard, and the for me to appreciate and endorse Mr. Faine's

others —
what becomes of them ? I fear, alas ! views. Now, without doubt, once the mind is
they are for the most part consigned to cleared of the fallacies and fears associated
the flames to make room for the coming with Orchid growing in the ordinary way, and
thousands. the trade lend their helping hand, which I am
have had the privilege of visiting the
I sure they will, then we shall see an addition
collections ofsome few of our noted growers to the ranks of amateurs in this most

and raisers, trade and private. One day, fascinating and inexpensive hobby, more
when paying a visit, I put the question to my particularly, no doubt, when the political
guide, " What becomes of the surplus plants, affairs of the country are restored to peaceful
or throw-outs ?" The answer came they go — times again.
on to the fire. Here wholesale destruction It is easy to prove that elaborate houses
came into my mind, and also the thought how with special fittings are not absolutely
it would gladden the heart of many a small essential, neither are the more costly species
amateur to be possessed of a few of these and hybrids necessary in the successful
derelicts if only he could buy them cheap cultivation of certain yet pretty Orchids.
Why not then, ye raisers and growers, Given an ordinary greenhouse, such as is
advertise or distribute through the various often found in the garden of most villas, and
channels for sale these surplus plants, species heated with boiler and hot-w^ater pipes, the
and hybrids alike. possessor with a little perseverance may soon
A thought flashes across my mind — Human improvise staging, blinds, etc., suitable for
nature, for does it not occur to one that a gem the purpose, and a variety of plants may be
or variety of first rank might turn up out of selected in accordance with the aspect and
these outcasts; and that brings one to the end heating capacity of the house. The trade
of it all, human nature does not care for one will willingly advise a beginner as to the
J:inu;iry, 1915.] 'I'lii': ORCHID \\()Ri,i). 79

choice of plants best suited to Ins facilities water to tlic ])lants and dainpnig d<;wn are
and pocket ; at least, this has hren niy re(iuired, also the blinds drawn to restrict the
experience. burning rays of the sun. This extra attention
When I be<4'an 1 found myself in possession ni my case is executed by my wife it onl)' ;

of a snnall greenhouse, 15 feet \)y /\ feet, means a few minutes and does not in any
situated partly between two dwelling houses way interfere with domestic duties, for where
and condemned by niy predecessors as there is a will there is a way.
useless for growing anything. Now, had 1 ['inally, more soothing to a business
what is

never before possessed a greenhouse of any man after the toil of the day than to stroll
sort, and this struck me as being better than into the precincts of his hobby for a quiet
nothing, so during a week at odd moments it —
half-hour and study these the most beautiful
was rendered sweet and clean. Friends here ' and wonderful of all flowers, with their
and there gave me a few plants, rather curious forms, marvellous and varied colour-
mixed, perhaps, but among the lot were two ing, and in many instances long durability,
old Orchids —
Cypripediums known to me — and imbibe their grand yet peaceful influence.
then as the Slipper Orchid nevertheless they ;
— Tidzvnrd Clement, Maidstone.
were Orchids and my desire to grow them
was at once aroused. When, however, I
mentioned my ambition it was met with the NEW HYBRIDS.
usual cold-water type of remark that emanates
chiefly from those who have not tried to grow Cypripedium Ruby Queen. — The result
Orchids as a result my ardour was damped,
;
of crossing Calypso (Boxallii x Spicerianum)
for I knew 1 could not afford either the time and Beryl (Mrs. Mostyn x Beeckmanii).
or expense suggested to be necessary. Flower richly coloured, partaking of the fine
However, the idea of being beaten was dorsal sepal seen in Mrs. Mostyn. Raised by-

repugnant, and as fools step in where angels Messrs. Sander and Sons.
fear to tread I persevered. Gradually the Cypripedium Cavalier. — An excellent
ordinary plants in the house disappeared to hybrid between Hera (Boxallii x Leeanum)
be replaced by Orchids a few were bought ;
and Earl of Tankerville. Raised by Messrs.
and some were sent me direct from their Sander and Sons.
native home, many of which have been Cattleya Raphael. A very attractive —
divided and redivided until my little cool autumn flowering hybrid between Hardyana
house is full, with the result there is nearly and Portia, the round shape of Bowringiana,
always something m flower, including a fair derived through the latter parent, giving the
variety of species. flower excellent formation. Raised by Messrs.
Now when 1 mention that my business Stuart Low and Co.
demands 65-70 hours a week of my time and L.elio-Cattleya Uranus. — The result
that 1 do not employ labour on my Orchids, of crossing L.-C. Geo. Woodhams (Hardyana
it is quite evident that the fallacy of a lot of X purpurata) with C. Gaskelliana. The
attention being necessary is at once dispelled. flowers show much variation, the dark
Orchids in their natural habitat are not labellum being a good feature. Raised by
attended with the help mankind, but
of Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.
Nature supplies them with atmospheric Cypripedium Dixmude. -An elegant
conditions suitable to their requirements. flower with large dorsal sepal prettily spotted
Study this and carry it out as near as possible with rose-purple. Messrs. Sander and Sons
in the house. Many invaluable hints may be are the raisers, the parents being Leeanum
gleaned from the ORCHID WORLD as to and Thalia.
treatment, etc. ; utilise this with a grain of Cypripedium Ypres. —A pleasing flower
thought and success is assured. There are from the use of Moonbeam and
resulting
times at different seasons when a little extra Leeanum, Messrs. Sander and Sons being
8o THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

the raisers. Of "Teenish-yellow colour, with flower which has recently been raised by
upper part of dorsal pure white. Messrs. Sander and Sons.

L.elio-Cattleya Vulcanus. — The Cypripedium Gordon Highlander. —

parents of this are Lucasiana (C. labiata x This has been produced by crossing Dread-
L. tenebrosa) and Trianae. Raised by Messrs. nought with alportense. Raised by Messrs.
.Stuart Low and Co. Sander and Sons.

L.ELIO-C ATT LEVA GENERAL AlLENBY. — Brasso-Cattleya Ida. — An interesting

A pleasing obtained by crossing

result cross between B.-C. Pluto (C. granulosa x B.

Lucasiana (C. labiata x L. tenebrosa) with Digbyana) and C. aurea. Exhibited by His
Fabia (labiata x aurea). Messrs. Sander and Grace the Duke of Marlborough, Royal
Sons being the raisers. Horticultural Society, December 1st, 191 4.
The
Brasso-Cattleya Aquila. A fine— large flower of greenish-yellow ground
colour, sepals and petals mottled with rose,
addition to the autumn flowering hybrids of
the broad labellum densely spotted with
B. Digbyana. The parents are B.-C.
rose-purple.
heatonensis (B. Digbyana x C. Hardyana)
and C. labiata. Raised by Messrs. Stuart
Brasso-L.elia Moonbeam. — An inter-
esting hybrid raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle,
Low and Co.
in the Scampston Hall collection, Rillmgton,
L.ELIO-CATTLEYA PRIMULINA. This has — York. The parents are L. Dayana and B.-L.
pleasing yellowish flowers of good substance. Jessopi xanthina x B. Digbyana), the
(L.
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons, the result being a clear greenish-white flower.
parents being C. fulvescens (Forbesii x aurea)
and L.-C. Hon. Mrs. Astor.
Cattleya Clio. — The result of crossing
Armstrongias with aurea.Raised by Messrs.
Sophro-Cattleya Annette. —A pretty Armstrong and Brown, and likely to make a
addition to this section, and resulting from useful autumn flowering plant.
The
.S. grandiflora crossed with C. granulosa.
neat flower has broad segments of rose-red
Cattleya Crates. —A
primary hybrid
between Percivaliana and bicolor. Raised by
colour, the labellum three-lobed and of
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. The flower
reddish tint. Exhibited by Mr. H. S.
is thick and fleshy and of long lasting nature.
Goodson, Royal Horticultural Society,
December 15th, 1914. L.elio-Cattleya Rhenus. Produced —
by crossing L.-C. Geo. Woodhams and C.
Cattleya Pretoria. —A richly coloured
aurea, and yielding a richly coloured flower.
hybrid obtained by crossing C. Peetersii
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.
(labiata x Hardyana) with C. aurea. The
labellum is well developed and rendered Ccelogyne Veitchii. —
To David Burke
especially attractive by reason of its bright is due the credit of discovering this species
purple colour with gold veining. Raised in in Western New Guinea when sent there by
the collection of Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Messrs. Veitch in search of new Orchids.
Streatham. The flowers are pure white without any
markings, and are borne in long pendulous
Cattleya General Pulteney. — An racemes. It was first exhibited at the Royal
interesting result obtained by crossing Octave
Horticultural Society, August 27th, 1895,
Doin (Mendelii x aurea) and Trianae, thus
when an Award of Merit was granted.
This
combining three species which flower respec-
species remains comparatively rare, and
still
tively in late winter, early summer, and
on that account its attractive nature is seldom
autumn. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons.
seen. When once the plant has become
L.elio-Cattleya Sir Douglas Haig. — established it will produce its flowers regu-

L.-C. Henry Greenwood and C. Octave larly every season, usually during the months
Doin are the parents of this richly coloured of August and September,
January, 1915.] Till': ORCHID WORLD.

Coslogyne Vzitchii.

VOL. V.
82 THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

EPIDENDRUM WALLISll.

WITH the
Dendrobium, no genus
possible exception
of epiphytic
of

Orchids IS spread over so vast an

area as Epidendrum, and although the
majority of the species are of little more than
botanical interest there are a few well worthy
of inclusion among the cultivated representa-
tives of the family. Epidendrum Wallisii
IS not only very attractive, but it is of
considerable utility, for strong plants remain
m flower several months and sometimes
continue to produce bloom throughout the
whole of the year.
The habit of the plant is well shown in the
accompanying photographic illustration. The
colour of the flowers is canary or golden-
yellow, spotted with dark purple ; the
labellum white, streaked and stained with
purple, and having three raised orange lines
at the base, of which the middle one is the
longest the column short, thick and pale
;

yellow. The spotting on the petals is

variable, in some varieties it is entirely absent.
This species was introduced by Messrs.
Veitch in 1 874, through their collector Gustav
Wallis, who at that time communicated no
locality. It is now known to inhabit the
Frontmo on the western Cordillera of
district,
New Granada, growing m light situations at
4,000-7,000 feet elevation.
The year following its introduction
Reichenbach wrote the following note ( Card.
Chron., 1875, 66): " E. Wallisii forms a
new section of the Epidendra, with a leafly
stem (not pseudo-bulbous). When I proposed
the section Pleuranthium I included the
Epidendra which have a lateral inflorescence,
like that of so many Dendrobia, and opposed
to the general rule, all others having terminal
ones. Now there are a few species which
have both terminal and lateral inflorescences.
I believe the difficulty can only be solved by

proposing a new section, which I call

Acropleuranthium. The oldest species is E.
exasperatum, discovered by Wendland, fils.
MasJeoallia Chimara. Now comes our neophyte. I do not know
how tall the plant may become, my dry
si)ccimen is but a span high. The flowers
January, 1915.] rilR ORC-mi) WORLD.

Epidendrum Wallisii, with both terminal and lateral inflorescences.

84 THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

have a pleasant smell of honey combined with white, wax-like in texture, the only colour
musk. Mr. Wallis told me the smell was the being some prettily arranged violet spots on
most powerful in the blotched varieties, which the centre of the lip, and its wings enclosing
is a very interesting observation." the column, and two raised orange-coloured
marks on the middle of the lip.

Epidendrum Endresii.
{From the "Gardeners' Chronicle.)

EPIDENDRUM ENDRESII.
THISslender stems
small growing
is a
6-9 mches
species with
high, having
Epidendrum elegantulum.
stiff, ovate-cordate leaves about i inch
long. It was discovered by Endres while Hybrids of Wallisii and Endresii.
collecting for Messrs. Veitch in Costa Rica,
Wallisii Endresii
in 1873, but who failed to send home living
plants.
was re-discovered by F. C. Lehmann, in
It Wallisii Endresio- Wallisii
! I

March, 1878, who was only successful in

s'ending to Europe one or two live plants, and Wallisii elegantulum
ever since it has been a most difficult plant
to import. The flowers are of the purest
January, 19' 5-] IHIi ORCHID WORLD. 85

When E. Endresio-Wallisii was first show much diversity of coloration, the

exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, January 12th, varieties lutcuin and leucochilum being
iSy2, a First-class was awarded
Certificate sufficiently distinct to receive Awards of
by the Orchid Committee
the Royal of Merit.
Horticultural Society, who also ^ave a similar E. Clarissa is the result of crossing Wallisii
award to the variety superbum shown by the with elegantulum, and on that account is a
same exhibitor, April 21st, i8g6. hybrid in which one species, E. Wallisii, has
E. elegantuliim, of which we reproduce a been used as a jjarent three times. Like the
photograph, is the result of crossing Wallisii two preceding hybrids, it was raised and
and Endresio-Wallisii. It was exhibited by exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, a First-class
Messrs. Veitch, R.H.S., Mevrch loth, i8g6, and Certificate being received, April lOth, igoo,
awarded a First-class Certificate. The and on April gth of the following year an
flowers, which are much larger than those of Award of Merit was granted to the variety
the original h)bnd between the two species. superbum.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPILLIA.

cvispum hiteopurpiireum crispum triumphans

nobile crispum Wilckeanum harvengteiise

armainvilliftrense Vuylstekei

crispum illustre
I
(Theodora)

Crispillia.

The first plants of this cross to bloom tips of petals is absent, owing to the fact
in England (of which I know) were that the pollen parent has sepals and petals
raised by the late Mr. J. S. Moss, of almost entirely covered with lilac-purple.
Wintershill, Bishop's Waltham. Six of The crispum I used was one of the old Pacho
these are figured m the Orchid Review, type, having a suffusion of undeveloped
191 3, p. 249, Figs. 41-46, but the parentage blotched areas, showing more on the back
given as O. illustrissimum x crispum is a than in front of the flower.
mistake. Mr. Moss and I made a series of With the object of developing the blotches
crosses in which illustre figured largely, and by using a " solid," the result has been
he sent me a copy of the post-card from attained in a lilac-purple ground almost
which these figures were made, but with the entirely covered by a brownish overlay. This
parentage correctly stated, illustre x crispum, is interesting from a scientific point of view

the latter being a heavily blotched one. He also, as Crispillia could be mistaken for a
did not think it well to name and publish variety of crispum, eximium, or any of that
the cross till the second season, which, now rapidly expanding group of garden
unfortunately, he did not live to see. hybrids. The yellow of luteo and triumphans
I have now bloomed a plant of a similar have been eliminated, but their brown
cross from two entirely different parents, with has remained and made the fine overla\'
the result that its markings are almost mixed with the rose of the crispum and
identical to Fig. 44, except that the white nobile.
margin is narrower, and the white area at dc B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Dec. ist, igi^.
86 THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

ORCHIDS AT CHELTENHAM. few from the 3,500 fully expanded flowers.

one who is acquainted with the
TO groups that the well-known firm of
Messrs. Cypher and Sons display at
the Royal Horticultural Society's
a visit where the plants are grown is
to
looked forward to with pleasure and great
expectations. The writer was by no means
disappointed, for the magnificent collection of
Cypripediums is of the first water.
are there choice specimens, but all
showy and popular kinds are to be seen in
while numerous houses are
their thousands,
devoted to Cattleyas, Calanthes, Miltonias,
etc. In fact, as Mr. Cypher remarked, " we
have a bit of everything."
Taking the Cypripediums first, the various
forms of insigne call for special notice. The
peerless yellow Sanderse is well represented,
Many buds show that the display will be
continued for some time to come. A group
of seedlings flowering for the first time, and
as yet unnamed, prove most interesting. Many
meetings, will develop into good things, while others
will prove of more than ordinary merit. A
few of these crosses are Earl of Tankerville
X Euryades, Leeanum Clinkaberryanum x
Clio, nitens magnificum x Aeson giganteum,
Not only and Niobe x Fairrieanum.
the useful, Calanthes are well grown at Cheltenham.
There are exceptionally strong spikes of
Veitchii, Wm. Murray and the beautiful white
Harrisii. Many of the coloured varieties of
Laelia anceps are in flower, also a number of
scapes from the white forms. Other members
of the genus are Gouldiana, albida and
autumnalis. Phaio-Cymbidium chardwarense
is worthy of notice, although no trace of the

there being upwards of 200 flowers, while its Cymbidium can be seen in the habit of the
compeer in the spotted section, viz., Harefield plant. Another interesting plant is Gongora
Hall, makes a brave show with 150 large, speciosa, with its pendulous scape of peculiarly
well-formed blooms. Other varieties of this shaped flowers, also Catasetum macrocarpum,
old Cobbianaum,
but desirable species are while of the numerous MasdevalHas, muscosa,
Ernestii,Kathleen Corser, Sanderianum, and Peristeria, and the pure white tovarensis may
the peculiar Oddity, which continues to be cited as examples.
produce its malformed flowers year after year. Quite a number of Stanhopeas, Aerides and
A plant for later flowering is Cypher's Vandas are cultivated, especially V. teres,
variety of Charlesianum, which is just with its variety gigantea, and the blue V.
pushing up its scapes. The varieties of coerulea. Among the thriving Dendrobiums
Leeanum are much in evidence, and embrace is agood stock of Veitch's variety of D.
the beautiful Clinkaberryanum, with its flat Thwaitesiae, and D. Dalhousie-nobile is also
dorsal sepal, the true Corona, Gratrixias and noteworthy. Epidendrum xanthinum is

giganteum, several specimens of the latter making a good display, strong plants of
having 16 finely developed spikes. Near by, Lycaste Skinneri alba, each with several
the forms of Actasus are conspicuous, flowers,and various Laelio-Cattleyas, such as
especially Milky Way, Mrs. Page, an exquisite Charlesworthii and Clive, are to be seen in
flower with a large area of white on the dorsal the different houses.
sepal, A. J. Balfour, and Drewitt's
variety. In Coelogyne intermedia (cristata Lemoniana
pleasing contrast to these are the Westonbirt X Massangeana) is represented by several
variety of Niobe, Milo, with its twin-flowered robust examples, and C. barbata has been in
scapes, Tityus, superbum, Mad. Jules Hye, flower for some weeks. In the same division
the bright triumphans and eboraicum. The the pretty Epiphronitis Veitchii is in the best
chaste Boltoni is flowering freely, many spikes of health, which shows that Mr. Cypher
producing two of its pretty flowers. thoroughly understands the culture of this
Cypripedium Prospero majus is in good somewhat refractory subject. The same
form, while fulshawense Curtmanni, Eudora, remark applies with equal force to Bonatea
Minos Youngi, Standard, Amy Moore, Thalia speciosa, which is pushing up three strong
var. Mrs. F. Wellesley, and Sanacderas are a spikes ; the plant has been in the nursery for
January, 191 5.] IIII-: ORCHID WORIJ). 87

upwards of ten years. Another plant of should he well sujjphcd with water, and not
interest is Bletia Shepherdii. until after the flowershave faded should less
The despised Selenipediums, such as water be given, even then the roots must not
Schhmn, cardinale and Domniianum, which be allowed to get so dry as to cause shrivelling
may be termed almost perpetual bloomers, of the leaves. This Cypripedium should
and the quaint Bulbophyllums, of which never be kept dry in the manner necessary
Careyanum pulchellum is m flower, are in the for some Orchids that require a prolonged
best of good health. The bright Sophronitis season of rest.

grandiflora and the Odontiodas give a nice The time to divide and repot the
best
bit of colour. Several houses are set apart for plants immediately after flowering, as they
is

these and other cool-growing Orchids. may then be shaken out without sustaining
Ornithidium Sophronitis is attractive with its much check. If left until later they will have
bright little flowers, and is now rarely seen commenced to grow, and it is then almost
in cultivation. Numerous other plants can impossible to disturb them without injury to
be seen, including Trichopilia nobilis, Miltonia the new growths and roots, both being in a
vexiUaria, Oncidium varicosum, etc., many of very tender condition. Division of the plants
which are grown m large quantities. The IS best done by carefully unravelling the roots

plants generally are clean and healthy, the and separating the growths into compact
Cypnpediums being in excellent condition, pieces of suitable size. When repotting it is

while the nursery as a whole is both spick and necessary to have ample drainage, and to use
span, and shows that Mr. Cypher is a master the peat in a rough state with plenty of fibre
of detail. T. W. B. in it. If a little chopped sphagnum and small

lumps of charcoal be included so much the

better, as this helps to keep it open and
CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE. porous. Some growers like to have loam with

THE following essay by Mr. Walter E.

Dadson, Hookfield Gardens, Epsom,
the peat, and if this is fibry the plants do well
in it, as it does not become tough and inert.

was written for the recent competition Weak liquid manure will greatly benefit the
arranged by The Journal of Horticulture, plants if given about once a week during the
particulars of which are given on page 65. growing period.
The cultivation of Orchids in these days is During the summer months the plants may
not only general but much better understood be placed in cold frames, where some slight
than formerly. Great quantities find their shading from the direct glare of sunshine can
way to this country each year, the majority be given. A spraying with the syringe
of the species being easily within the reach morning and evening will keep them clean
of the purses of most amateurs who are able and encourage the flowering growths. About
to maintain a garden. Cypripedium insigne the middle of September the plants can be
is one of the oldest varieties of the Lady's transferred to a warm greenhouse. C. insigne
Slipper Orchid cultivated at the present time. does not require anything like the heat
It is a native of Nepal, Northern India, and needed by many Orchids ; it often does well
is one of the easiest to grow, providing a in a greenhouse or vinery if not kept too hot
warm greenhouse can be requisitioned for its at the roots.

culture during the winter and spring. Care When repotting the plants it will be
must be taken not to expose the plants to cold noticed that the best roots are quite close to
currents of air, therefore the wisest plan is the surface, where they like to run just under
to keep them in the warmest part of the house. the live sphagnum. They interlace with one
the plants are well grown, with strong
If another forming quite a network, after which
and healthy foliage, they should be full m they push down the sides of the pot, clinging
flower during the month of December. so tightly that it is difficult to dislodge them
During the season of growth the compost without injurious results.
 ;

88 THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 191 5.

Cypripediums are always interesting and reached England there was not a plant m
generally beautiful. They belong to the class the country until about eight or nine years
of Orchid known as terrestrial, by which is after its introduction. Lord Londesborough,
meant they grow on the ground, in distinction an enthusiastic lover of horticulture in his
to those termed epiphytal, which usually time, was araong the first to possess a
grow on trees. When potting terrestrial specimen of it. This flowered and was
Orchids the compost should not be raised exhibited at a meeting of the Royal
above the rim of the pot. Cypripediums have Horticultural Society in February, 187 1, when
no pseudo-bulbs, hence they are without a its masses of large, handsome flowers caused

large store of food to keep them alive when a great sensation, and, needless to say, the
watering is neglected they will not succeed
;
plant obtained a First-class Certificate.
if allowed to remain dry for any length of Within recent years various firms have
time. been stimulated to import this species, and
This species is liable to insect attacks, of collectors have been despatched to various
which the minute yellow thrip is the worst localities of Tropical America in the hopes
it may be destroyed by dipping" or washing of finding it. An erroneous impression
with some suitable insecticide or fumigation. prevailed that was a native of Mexico, and
it

Scale and bug should be carefully removed our own collectors were sent to that country,
by a brush or sponge and then destroyed. but after a fruitless search of some months
they informed us that it was nowhere to be
found. Then we directed them to go to
Guatemala, and after a little time they found
ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM. what they sought and sent it home, but not
in great quantities until more recently, when

THISwinter one IS

flowering
of the most useful
species, its stiff
raid-
and
they obtained a better knowledge of its
habitats.
erect spikes of bloora lasting fresh for Notwithstanding these importations, how-
a period ofabout two months, while the ever, it can hardly be said that this species

bright yellow colour of the expansive is so frequently met with as it ought to be.
labellum causes be of immense decorative
it to Perhaps this is because many consider they
value. The flowers closely resemble the are near enough to it when they have On.
better known On. tigrinum, but there is a tigrinum, a Mexican species, which is certainly
very marked difference in the habit of the related, but which is inferior to splendidum.
bulbs and their leathery leaves, as well as Their habit of growth is quite distinct, and
in the time of year when the flowers are the flowers, although resembling each other
produced. The following interesting account at a casual glance, are very different in form.
of the species is taken from Messrs. Sander In Oncidium tigrinum the sepals and petals
and Sons' Keichenbachia. are spreading, and the lip is characterised by
The first record of this fine Oncidium its long shank, with two auricles at the base
appears to be in Richard's herbarium, where and deeply emarginate blade while in ;

there is a dried specimen, presumably splendidum the sepals and petals are always
collected in Guatemala by Mons. Herment in recurved, and the lip is, comparatively, only
1852. It was not, however, until ten years slightly emarginate, and does not possess a
later that it found its way into cultivation, narrow shank.
as it flowered for the first time in Europe in There are other differences m the crest and
January, 1862, with M.M. Thibaut and column sufficiently distinct to keep these two
Keteleer, of Paris, who received plants from plants apart as separate species, and On.
Mons. Herment, of Caen. These were splendidum is exclusively a native of
distributed among a few Continental Guatemala, while On. tigrinum has as yet only
collections, and although their fame had been found in Mexico. The former is
 .

January, iqiS-] 'I III-: ORCMin WORLD.

Oncidium splendidum
QO THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 191 5.

characterised by its roundish, compressed

AERIDES.
pseudo-bulbs, each bearing a single dull
green leaf about a foot or more long, very
leathery and thick m texture, channelled
THE fragrant,
elegant drooping
wax-like flowers,
racemes of
and the
above and prominently keeled beneath. As comparative facility with which the
a from fifteen to twenty flowers are
rule, spccies can be cultivated in the glass-houses
borne on a long, more or less branched, of Europe, have always secured for Aerides a
arching scape during the winter months, a large amount of favour from Orchid
season when their appearance is very amateurs, so that in most collections the
acceptable. We once had an imported plant genus IS represented by its most admired
in our nursery having an arching spike of species. From a botanical point of view,
4/2 feet long, bearing as many as forty- however, must be admitted that a more
it

four flowers, the lips of which were each perplexing genus as regards the limitation
quite two inches across and of a deep golden- of species is scarcely to be found throughout
yellow, with a reddish-brown blotch on each the Orchideas, for it includes an unknown
side at the base. The reflexed and wavy number of " forms," some of them perhaps
sepalsand petals are greenish-yellow, heavily natural hybrids, which m many instances
marked with large transverse blotches of rich approach each other so closely that it is
purple-brown, thus presenting a remarkable extremely difficult to define clearly the
contrast to the striking colour of the lip. differences that separate them, or to determine
The successful cultivation of On. splen- the specific characters by which the one may
didum is a little troublesome to some be distinguished from the other, if species
amateurs, who find that when the pseudo- they are, but nevertheless showing some
bulbs have made about half their growth characteristic in habit, in the inflorescence,
they suddenly begin to lose their plumpness, or in the colour of the flowers, by which they
become watery, and at length rotten. We are recognised as distinct by horticulturists.
have come to the conclusion that these plants Many forms
of these " " fall naturally into
do not require such a large quantity of water groups, each of which is represented by a
during the growing season as is generally well-recognised species that may be regarded
prescribed for them. When it is considered as the type of the group ; Aerides odoratum,
that the pseudo-bulbs and leaves are very A. multiflorum and A. falcatum are instances
thick and fleshy, and constantly contain of such around each of these well-marked
;

abundance of moisture, it stands to reason species may be grouped a number of forms

that if too much water be given, the tissues that can only be distinguished from the
become gorged and cannot perform their type by characters of scarcely sufficient value
natural functions, with the result that the to be considered specific.
water becomes decomposed and the pseudo- The essential characters of Aerides may be
bulbs prematurely decay. This evil might, thus expressed :
—
however, be avoided by means of a dr\- The sepals are spreading, the lateral two
atmosphere, as evaporation could then go on ;
broader than the upper one, and adnate at
but this process is rendered impossible in an their base to the foot of the column.
atmosphere already heavily laden with The petals are similar to the upper sepal,
moisture. We therefore recommend for this rarely different.
species a tolerably warm and dry atmosphere, The labellum is affixed to the foot of the
as much light as possible, and a moderate column, is three-lobed, and produced into a
supply of water during the growing season. spur that is usually turned upwards on the
When an end a cooler temperature
this is at back of the labellum.
will help to mature the growths, which if well The column is short and thickish, produced
developed ought to produce a crop of flowers more or less at its base into a foot ; the
presenting an aspect difficult to surpass. anther is beaked.
Jaiuiary, kj'S-] 'IHI' ORCHID WOKIJ).

the stem becomes lignificd, sapless, and

In a wild state the Acrides affix themselves
gradually loses all signs of life bey(jnd a
to the trunks and l)ranches of living trees,
The certain distance below the foliage probably
rarely to dead and prostrate ones. ;

young plants are usually erect or ascending, the life of no part of stem under the
the

and emit from their base numerous cord-like most fav()ural)le circumstances exceeds five
roots that creep o\er the bark or along the )cars.

cracks and crevices of it, clinging to the tree .Such IS the general \iew of the most
obvious period of the life history of an
with extraordinary tenacity, and holding the
plants so firmly as to enable them to resist Aerides home. Many exceptional
in its native

any of the ordinary forces of Nature that cases are doubtless to be met with, but in
would affect their stability or cause their none that have come to our knowledge has
displacement. As the stems continue to the general law been greatly departed from.
lengthen, adventitious roots are constantly Under the artificial conditions to which the
produced from the i^receding year's growth, Aerides are subjected in the glass houses of
which attain a great length, frequently Europe, some modifications of the general
branch, and become pendent by their own law of their growth as sketched above are
weight. These roots thence form in time a occasionally observable, especially in the

tangled, cord-like mass that cannot be aptly longer persistence of the foliage and
compared with any phase of vegetation seen prolonged life of the stem.

ni our climate. The annual lengthening of The species of Aerides admit of a division
the stem is well marked by the foliage, which into two very distinct sections according to

in a wild state is of biennial duration ; the their vegetation and habit, viz., Planifoliae,

roots too that are farthest removed from the in which the leaves are and fiat, leathery,

foliage gradually cease to perform their spreading, and Teretifolias,which the leaves in

functions and die off. The inflorescence is are cylindnc, fleshy, and grooved in front.
produced from the axils of the leaves of the Of the last-named section two species only,
preceding year, which begin to wither in the Aerides mitratum and A. Vandarum, are
short, dry season that ensues after the growth known to us to be in cultivation. All the
of the current year is completed. As the other cultivated forms belong to the fiat-
stem of an Aendes lengthens by successive leaved section, throughout which a general
yearly growths it gradually deviates from its uniformity of habit prevails, so that the

ascending position, first becoming more following short diagnosis of the vegetative

inclined, then taking a horizontal direction, organs will serve for all :
—
and by its own weight and the weight
finally The stems are cylindric, deviating but little
of appendages it is brought into almost an
its m thickness from that of a man's little finger,

inverted or, if near enough to the ground, a ligneous below, leafy upwards, emitting long,
prostrate position, when its further lengthen- cord-like, often branched, aerial roots.

ing IS checked or even arrested by the The leaves are strap-shaped, keeled
obstacles it encounters. Nevertheless, the beneath, embracing the stem at their base,
stems of Aerides are virtually mterminate, obtuse or obliquely two-lobed at their apex,
they would continue to lengthen indefinitely very leathery in texture.
ifno physical obstacles or checks intervened. The inflorescence is lateral, either simple

Stems have been observed from ^-20 feet i

or branched, decurved and usually longer than
long, but long before that length has been the leaves very viscid in the odoratum group
;

attained young shoots spring from the base from a honeyed secretion along the rachis
of the parent stem, which in time become and from the base and foot of the column.
independent plants the stem also produces
;
The flowers are often crowded and inverted,
lateral shoots when a fracture has occurred, that is, the labellum is uppermost, but owing
or when growth at the apex has been arrested to the pendulous habit of the inflorescence the
by some physical cause. As the leaves wither flowers appear to the spectator in their
92 THE ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915.

natural position. The pedicels are sheathed Cultural Note. — The Aendes should be
by a small scale-like bract at the base. cultivated m what is usually called the " East
The genus was founded by the Portuguese Indian house," where they may be associated
missionary and botanist, Loureiro, upon with other orchids from the Indo-Malayan
Aerides odoratum, which he detected in region. Although the mean temperature of
Cochin China some time prior to 1 790, the that region is one of the highest observed in
year in which he published his Flora the world, it is found by experiment that
cochinchinensis. The name Aerides is a most orchids brought thence to the high
grammatical form called a patronymic, and latitude of Great Britain thrive better in the
means literally " children of the air." glass-houses of this country m an average
Geographical Distribution. — The lower temperature than in a temperature
Aerides are spread generally over the Indo- raised by artificial heat to nearly the same
Malayan region, excluding the and tracts in mean as that of their native home. Thus,
the north-west Hindostan and the dry
of while the mean temperature for the whole
central plateau of the Deccan, where the year of parts of India and Malaysia, in which
climatic conditions are unsuitable for Orchid Aerides abound, is as high as 27 degs. C.
life. rSo degs. F.), the temperature suited for them
j;inu;iiv, 1915.] '1H1>: ORCHID WOKIJ).

Ill llic i^iiiss-houscs ol (Ircat Britain should 1 lirii)s and scale are enemies of
great
111)1 l)c hi^'hcr than 21 dcj^'s. to 24 dc^s. ('.
Aendes ; the lirst can \)ccheck iiy
kept in

(70 (l(>i4S. to 75 cleg's. F.) from March to ( uiiiigat 1011 and llie use of tobacco powder,
October, the period durinj^- whudi the plants the latter by sponging with solt s(jap
arc HI active growth, raised by sun-heat on dissolved in tepid water.
bright days () degs. C. (10 degs. F.) higher, Acrides virens was introduced in 1843 by
and reduced 3 degs. C (5 degs. F.) by night, Messrs. Loddiges from Ja\a, wiiere it is one
that is to say, to 18 degs. to 2 degs. C. 1 of the commonest of orchids. Around
(()5 (legs, to 70 degs. F.). In the winter Balaxia it has established itself on the
months a night temperature of 15 degs. to 18 Tamarind trees that were planted b)' the early
degs. C (()0 degs. to 65 degs. F.), raised a Dutch settlers to shade the roads. During
little higher in the daytime, is sufficient. It the short dry season these trees lose some of
is well known among cultivators that a their foliage, the Aeridcs are then partially
high temperature maintained by fire-heat exposed to direct sunlight, but during the
debilitates, while sun-heat strengthens the remainder of the year they are in shade.
plants, hence a light shading" only is necessary Conipared with Aendes odoratum, of which
during the middle of the da\- in the summer A. virens is .scarcely other than a geograi)hical
months, while from October to March no form — the Iea\es are generally (noi always)
shading is required. a little longer and narrower, more distant and

The ventilation must be regulated accord- more decurved the racemes are longer with
;

ing to the season the rule is admit as

; — the flowers more distantly ])laced along the
much fresh air into the liouse as possible, rachis ; the flowers are a little larger with
and as often as it can be done without larger and brighter purple spots. -From
draughts and too rapid a lowering of the Veitch's Manual uf Orchidaceous Planls.
temperature of the house. A high degree of
humidity must be maintained during the
growing season by damping down and by the
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
direct application of water to the plants. In
SOCIETY,
December ist, 1914.
winter the watering must be restricted to just
Members Orchid Committee present:
of the
so much as is sufficient to keep the sphagnum
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr.
moist and to counteract the drying effects of
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), .Sir Jeremiah
the hot-water pi]ies. Pots are usualh'
Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs.
preferred, although teak baskets are used by
Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, \\\ H. W'hite, J.
some cultivators, especially when it is desired
Wilson Potter, F. ]. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites,
to grow the plants into large specimens in ;

R. A. Rolfe, W." Cobb, F. M. Ogilvie, J.

either case they should be filled with clean,
Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, W. P. Bound, A.
broken crocks to three-fourths of their depth,
Dye, J. E. Shill, S. W. Flory, and R.
the larger and coarser pieces being placed at
Brooman- White.
the bottom. Some cultivators add pieces of
charcoal, but we have never detected any Award of Merit.
advantage derived from its use. The Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jellicoe var. Pmk
should be surfaced with living Pearl (C. Lord Rothschild x B.-C. Digbyano-
drainage
sphagnum that must be kept constantly Mossiae), from Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.,

moist. In January, or February at the

jarvisbrook, Sussex. —A very attractive

latest, the old sphagnum should be removed

flower, of excellent shape, the broad segments
of pale lilac-pink, the disc of the labellum
and replaced by new, and those plants whose
primrose-)-ellow.
lowermost leaves have withered should be
taken out of the pots and their stems cut back Other Exhibits.
at the base so far as to allow the fresh leaves His Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
to be close to the sphagnum. Blenheim Palace, sent Brasso-Cattleya Ida
 :

94 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Januarv, 1915.

(B.-C. Pluto X C. aurea). —A very distinct (Minucia x aurea) and the first plant to
;

flower with greenish-yellow ground mottled flower of a batch of C. aurea, raised from
with rose ; the large labellum spotted and seed at Southgate. Good Cypripediums were
veined with rose-purple. also shown.

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged
Pcmbury, showed Cattleya Venus Bracken- Cypripedium Thalia Veitch's variety, C.
hurst variety, a coppery-)ello\\' flower with Germaine Opoix, and C. Idina, the latter
ruby lip ; C. Ballantmeana (Trianas x Warsce- an improved Harefield Hall, with darker
wiczii) ; C. Alcimeda (labiata Purity x spotting on a whiter ground.
Gaskelliana alba), a large clear white flower ;
-Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, staged a
and Laelio-Cattleya Ilione, with two spikes of strong plant of Anguloa Ruckeri, Vanda
seven rich purple flowers. coerulea, and a good variety of Odonto-
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards glossum crispum with a spike of 20 flowers.
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal
December 15th, 1914.
for a group of good hybrids, including Odon-
Me^ibers of the Orchid Committee present
tioda Brewii, Cochlioda miniata, Oncidioda
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr.
Cooksonia?, Laelio-Cattleya Bella with a spike
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec). Sir Harry J. Veitch,
of 5 flowers, and the handsome Dendrobium
Messrs. Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, R. A.
Coelogyne.
Rolfe, J. W. Potter, F. J. Hanbury, A.
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans,
McBean, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, [. Cypher,
secured a Silver Flora Medal for an inter-
W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound, J.'e. Shill,
esting group, containing the new Cattleya
C. H. Dye, W. H. White,
Curtis, A. S. W.
General Pulteney (Octave Doin x Triana?),
Flory, and Stuart Low.
Lrelio-Cattleya primulina, L.-C. General
Allenby (L.-C. Lucasiana x C. Fabia), of good Award of Merit.
shape and colour, and Cypripedium Ypres Laslio-Cattleya Sir Douglas Haig (L.-C.
(Aloonbeam Leeanum). x Henry Greenwood x C. Octave Dom), from
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., jarvisbrook, Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. —A very
Sussex, received a Silver Banksian Medal for beautiful hybrid, Octave Doin
resembling
an exhibit containing Vanda cccrulea, a strong (Mendelii x aurea). The broad sepals and
plant of V. Sanderiana, many good forms of petals are white and prettily formed, the
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis including the pure labellum well developed, the front lobe and
white variet)', Sophro-Cattleya Dons and upper part of the side lobes bright purple.
S.-C.-L. Lycia.
Cultural Commendation.
Messrs. and A. McBean, Cooksbndge,
J.
Mr. L E. Shill (gr. to Baron Bruno
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a
.Schroder) for a fine plant of Odontoglossum
neat exhibit, in which were the new .Sophro-
crispum Leonard Perfect, with two strong
Cattleya Pearl, of rich colour; L.-C\ Autodoin,
spikes bearing 14 and 15 flowers.
a strong grower dark varieties of Cattleya
;

Fabia ; and Odontiodas Diana and Charles- Other Exhirits.

worthii.
Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford,
showed Cattleya O'Brieniana alba with a
spike of 6 large flowers, a good form of
Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes, and a
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
Heath, were avvarded a .Silver Flora Medal
lor a good group, in which were L;rlio-
Caltleya Numidia (Golden Oriole x Empress
Frederick), with yellow flowers L.-C. Bella ;

\ery fine Odontoglossum hybrid of the alba, with a spike of 6 large blooms the rare ;

amabile section. Coelogyne Garclneriana, with a drooping

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgatc, raceme of white flowers Miltonias Bleuana ;

exhibited Cattleya Moira rubra (Mantinii x and St. Andre and various Odontoglossum
;

Fabia), of rich colour C. Beatrice majestica

; hybrids.
[iimi.iry, iqi.S.] I'lii'; oRcnii) woRiJ). OS

Messrs. Sander and Sons, Si. yXlhnns, e.xhibiled ( )donloglossum 1 .ambeauianum

received a Silver Flora Medal for an (ioodson's var. with a spike of II flf)wers,

in(ereslin<4' e.xhibit containing' Saccolaljiuni and .Sophro-Callleya Aiinelte (.S. grandiflora

aculiroluiin, several specimen plants of x (". granulosa), a neat flower of rose-red
L.Tclia (iouldiana, ('ypripediuin Wc^st Ponit col( )iir.

Beauty, L)-caste Younj^-ii, L. niesoehlaena, R. (i. 1 hwaites, Esq., ("hessington,

(,'attlcya Fal)ia ali)a, and many choice .StrcNitham, showed Cattleya Pretoria (Peetersii
Cypripediums. X aurca), a promising seedling ;
Cattleya
Messrs. J. (^y|)lier and Sons, Cheltenham, Maggie Rapliacd alba, C". Dusseldorfei
were awarded a .Silver I'dora Medal for an I and .Sojjhro-Cattleya Ruby.
'iidine,

excellent exhibit of ('ypripediums, the l)est Walter Col)]), F^sci-, Normanhurst, Ruspcr,
hein<^' Holloni, Priam, Minos Veitchii, Oueen florsliam, showed Odontoglossuni percultum
Alexandra and y\ct;pus Keelin^''s variety. Col)l)'s varuHy, a handsr)nie flower.
S(weral t^ood Masdcvallias were also shown, Iiaron Bruno Schriider exhibited C\|)ri-
and a stron<4" ])lant of Coelogyne barbata. pedium Moonbeam with 3 large flowers.
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooks) )ridg(\
Sussex, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for showed Sophro-Cattleya Pearl (S.-C. Doris x
an interesting exhibit, in which were Vanda C. Portia), a brightly coloured form.
Sanderiana and V. coerulea, various white A. J. Warren, Esq., The Odars, l^psom,
forms of Cattleya labiata, Brasso-Cattleyas sent a flower of La?lio-Cattleya Clive
in variety, and Cypripedium Tracyanum (prasstans x aurea).
(Leeanum virginale x aureum virgmale), a William Bolton, Esq., Warrington, sent a
large flower with the broad dorsal sepal selection of flowers of seedlings from his
white and spotted at its base. Cypripedium Boltonii, all of which had pure
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, white lips.
Pembury, exhibited a flower of Laelio- Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited
Cattleya Antimachus (Warscewiczii x Laslio-Cattleya Barbarossa, a dark variety ;

Dommiana), with rich coloration, especially Odontoglossum crispum, a fine shaped form ;

the labellum also Odontoglossuni Lambeau-

;
Stanhopea Wardii oculata, with a spike
lanum (crispum roseum x Rolfeae roseum), a of 7 flowers and the rare Cirrhopetalum
;

very promising variety with broad segments brunescens.

and a rose ground. J. T. Bennett-Poe, Esq., exhibited Brasso-
R.Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, Cattleya Mme. Ch. Maron, a pleasing variety
Monmouthshire, exhibited Odontoglossum with a spike of 3 flowers. This plant had
Albion (Rossi x percultum), a pretty been previously shown as recently as
flow-er with blush-white segments, the sepals April 7th, 1 91 4, when it carried 2 large
and petals evenly spotted with reddish- flowers.
purple, the crest bright yellow. Also Cypri-
pedium Priory Beauty (aureum x Antinous), a
large, clear yellow flower ; C. nito-Cynthia MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.
(nitens x Cynthia), a bold flower, the white
dorsal having large blackish spots ; and C. November 19th, 1914.
Susanne var. Usk Priory (glaucophyllum x ME3.IBERS of the Committee present : Rev.
F'airrieanum), a distinct and pretty flower J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
with drooping petals. Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Cypher, A. G.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. 'Howes,
exhibited Odontioda Brunette (Oda. Bohn- A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan,
hofias x Odm. Harryanum), with rich chocolate- C. Parker, \V. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A.
purple flowers. Ward, G. \\^eatherby, and H. Arthur
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, (Secretary).
96 THE ORCHin \\'ORLD. [Januar}', 191 5.

Lar^'e Silver Medals were awarded to R. December 3rd, 19 14.

Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch ;
'
Col. J. Members of the Committee present : Rev.
Rutherford, Blackburn
M.P., and Messrs. ;
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, for excellent Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. Cypher,
"groups of various Orchids. J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling,
A Silver Medal was awarded to Wm. D. McLeod, \V. ]. Morgan, C. Parker, \Y.
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, for a Shackleton, P. Smith, Z. A. Ward, G.
good group. Other exhibitors included Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
P. Smith, Esq., who staged Cypripedium Large Silver Medals were granted to R.
Memnon " Hadon House var." Messrs. ; Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch Z. A. Ward, ;

Sander and Sons, St. Albans Messrs. J. ; Esq., Northenden and Messrs. Cypher and
;

and A. McBean, Cooksbridge Messrs. ;

.Sons, Cheltenham.
Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Heath ;
Silver Medals were awarded to Wm.
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ;
Thompson, Walton Grange
Esq., Col. J. ;

and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn H. H. Bolton, ;

Esq., Newchurch Messrs. Sander and Sons,

;

First-class Certificates. St. Albans and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and

;

Sons, Bradford.
Odontoglossum crispum hololeucum, a large A Special Vote of Thanks was given to
round flower, with distinct yellow blotch on O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for a group of well-
lip. Od. Hermese, a large well-set flower, grown plants of Vanda cnerulea. Other
petals almost solid madder-crimson, with exhibitors included P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-
sepals of a browner shade. Both from Wm. on-Mersey H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea
; ;

Thompson, Esq. and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.

Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. J. Helm
(Rossendale x Empress of India), large flower First-class Certificate.
with heavy blotches of a crimson-madder Chapmanii var. Lady Joffre
Cattleya
colour. Cattleya Alcimeda var Antiochus (Trianae alba x Hardyana alba), flowers of
(Gaskelliana alba x labiata alba), fine fiower, good shape and substance, pure white sepals
l)rr)ad segments, with distinct yellow lines in
and petals, with distinct markings on hp.
throat. Both from R. Ashworth, Esq. From Messrs. Cypher and Sons.
Odontoglossum Zulu (Harryanum x
cximium), large ffower, sepals and petals
Awards of Merit.
solidcrimson-madder, with purple lined tips
and white edges, good flat lij^. From Z. A. Odontoglossum Medusas, Cypripedium King-
Ward, Esq. Albert, and Cypri]Dedium Eve " Walton
Grange var." From Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Awards of Merit. Cypripedium Melas and Cattleya Acis
(Maronii x aurea). From R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cyprijicdium Actjeus " Ethel," Cyp. Royal Cypripedium Sanacderas var. Ethel and
George, and Cattleya Venus " Mary Amelia." Cypripedium Queen of the Belgians. From
All from S. Gratrix, Esq. Messrs. Cypher and Sons.
Cattleya labiataAndromache and Sophro- Cypripedium Duke of ('onnaught " Warfl's
Cattle)'a Pearl. Both from R. y\shworth, Esq. \-ar." From Z. A. Ward, Esq.
Cy]iripcdium ]£ileen (Euryarles x Beek- Cypripedium Mars. From FL J. Bromilow,
manii). From Wm. Thompson, Esq. Esq.
Cypripedium Selene (Triumphans x Gode-
Cultiirat, Certimcate.
froya?). From H. T- Bromilow, Esq.
Cypripedium Reginald Young var. Calliope. Mr. E. Rogers, gardener to O. O. Wrigley,
From Messrs. A. J. Kcehng and .Sons. Esq., for Vanda ccerulea.
 NOTES.
Orchids for Amateurs. — Considering
the interest that has recently been taken in
extending the popularity and cultivation of
Orchids, it is worthy of note that Messrs.
Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells,
while always aiming at the production of the
highest class of Orchid, have flowering yearly
hundreds of hybrids that are inexpensive and
suitable for the young amateur and those just
commencing this fascinating hobby, and that
they are making a special line in catering for
such.
^ ^ II
Effect of Light on Seedling Orchids.
— At the Meeting of the Royal
Scientific
Horticultural Society, January 5th, Mr. J.
Gurney Fowler exhibited a number of hybrid
Cattleyas to draw attention to the short, stout
and sturdy new pseudo-bulbs formed since
the plants have been removed to Pembury,
Kent, and away from the somewhat unsatis-
factory atmosphere of their old abode at
South Woodford. Sir Everard im Thurn
remarked that they reminded him of similar
examples he had seen in Cattleya superba
growing wild on the outer branches of trees
subjected to much light. Mr. Fowler also
exhibited a hybrid between L.-C. Geo.
Woodhams and C. Bowringiana, m which the
flower-bud situated at the apex of the bulb
had transformed itself into a young growth
bearing several leaves and a strong plant of
;
Cattleya Lugeae, which had made two
successive bulbs during last season, both of
which flowered simultaneously, although the
buds on the last made bulb opened three days
earlier.
vol. v.
Jules Hye de Crom. —We much regret
to announce the unexpected death of this
well-known Belgian amateur Orchidist, which
took place on Wednesday, January 6th.
Mons. Jules Hye de Crom resided in Ghent,
where he carried on a very large business as
a wine merchant, and held immense stocks.
On the occupation of Ghent by the Germans
he took refuge in Holland with a friend,
leaving his valuable business and an extensive
Orchid collection to the mercy of the enemv.
His gardener, Coen, after considerable
difficulty, secured a few of the choicest
Orchids, among them being Cattleya Warsce-
wiczii alba, and brought them to England,
where they have since been cared for by
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., at Jarvisbrook.
Mons. Jules Hye was an enthusiastic
Orchidist, and gave considerable assistance
and encouragement to other Belgian
amateurs. His early interest was in Cypri-
pediums, and m 1894 he brought out Cyp.
aureum (nitens x Spicerianum), a hybrid which
at once attracted no small amount of interest.
Nearly every distinct variety from this
original cross received a different namiC, no
lessthan forty being recorded within a period
of ten
years. His collection of Odonto-
glossums and Odontiodas was both varied
and valuable. Of late years Miltonia
vexillaria and its hybrids received his close
attention, and many beautiful varieties have
been exhibited by him at the principal
horticultural meetings. A speciality of his
collection was a large batch of the elegant
white Cattleya Suzanne Hye de Crom, raised
by him between Gaskelliana alba and Mossiae
alba, and first flowered in IQ06. As an
13
9» IHE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915.

exhibitor at the Royal Horticultural Society The " Orchid Review."

The January —
he was well known, a notable instance being issue of monthly journal contains an
this

at the Temple Show of i goo, when he received article on Grammatophyllum speciosum and

a First-class Certificate Odontoglossum for its aUies, an interesting account of Orchids in

Souvenir de Victor Hye de Crom (Harryanum South Mexico, as well as illustrations of

X luteopurpureum), a name which has more Dendrobium Tofftii and Chondrorhyncha
than once been the subject of a discussion on Lipscombiae, both rare plants of considerable
nomenclature. beauty.

mm

Epidendrum xanihinum.

E P I D E x\ D R U M XANTHINU.M. — Those AeRIDES CITRATUM. — " To my mind,"

amateurs who desire a bright orange-yellow writes a well-known amateur, " this Orchid is

cluster of flowers cannot do better than
cultivate this Brazilian species, which appears
to require but ordinary care, and often does
well when planted in corridors and used as
a decorative plant. It was discovered by
one of the most graceful and prettiest that I
have ever come across, and its neat habit
allows it to be placed in almost any position
where it can show itself off to the finest
advantage. It appears to differ from other

Martius, and afterwards by Gardner on the members of its genus by the particularly free
Serro de Frio, in the Brazilian province of manner m which it produces its many-
Minas Geraes, and was first introduced by flowered spikes. I have also been considerably
Lcddiges, about the same time as Epidendrum interested in the formation of a few drops of
mversum. The slender terete stems grow to honey-like substance in the spur of each
a height about 3 feet, bear distichous
of flower ; no doubt in its native country this
fieshy leaves, and produce during the winter secretion serves as an attraction to insects."
months a cluster of bright orange-yellow An illustration of this species will be found in
flowers, the lips of which are prettily fringed. the Orchid World, Vol. IV., p. 153.
February, 1915-] Till-. ORC-IIII) WORLD. 99

Odontioda Latona, FowU •'s oar. {R.H.S. Journal.)

Odontioda Latona, Prowler's var.— flower appeared this beautiful result, which
This beautiful hybrid, the result of crossing fully compensated the raiser for all his work
Odontioda Bradshawiae with Odontoglossum and trouble.
crispo-Harryanum, has recently flowered m ^ -i^

fine form in the noted collection of Mr. J.

Gurney Fowler, Brackenhurst, Pembury. The Odontoglossum crispum Shuttle-
ground colour is white, the sepals and petals —
WORTHII. Many natural hybrids were at one
having a broad margin of bright rose, the time regarded as varieties of O. crispum, these
middle area blotched with dark red, while the including Andersonianum, Ruckerianum,
neatly marked labellum carries a prominent excellens and Wilckeanum. A water-colour
yellow crest, thus producing an extremely painting of O. crispum Shuttleworthii, which
handsome flower. When the seedlings of this has just been brought to light, proves that
cross commenced to flower much disappoint- this plant was in reality a heavily blotched
ment was caused by their unsatisfactory Wilckeanum, and not a variety of O. crispum,
nature, almostall the blooms being of starry as it was thought to be when it received a
shape and poorly coloured, but, as it often First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural
liappens, amongst the last of the batch to Society, April 8th, 1884.
lOO IHE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915.

Odontoglossum crispum Constance.

Odontoglossum crispum Constance. sometimes attained. Our illustration shows a

— Considering the immense number of plants splendid variety, with large segments hand-
of Odontoglossum crispum that have been somely blotched with rose-purple and bearing
imported during the last thirty years, and the the varietal name Constance it was raised
;

large number still to be obtained, there is by Messrs.J. and A. McBean, of Cooksbridge,

good evidence that this species perpetuates who used as parents two equally fine varieties.
itself by means of seed very freely in its
native home. But when carefully saved seed
is sown under the artificial conditions of
cultivation adopted in this and other countries
the result is very disappointing, for despite Odontoglossum Cervantesii decorum.
every attention only an exceedmgly small — This isundoubtedly the finest variety of
proportion germinates with anything like the species,the flowers measuring nearly
satisfactory results. Exactly why this is the 3 inches across, the sepals and petals slightly
case has never been discovered, notwith-
. tinged with rose and marked with concentric
standing the fact that seed of hybrid Odonto- lines of reddish-brown ;the lip is large and
glossums, when sown under similar conditions, blotched with crimson. It has now become
yields fairly good and encouraging results. exceedingly scarce, and it would be a pity if
However, with close attention success is the few remaining plants were allowed to die.
February, 1915.] 'IIII'. ORCHID WORLD. 101

Orchid Culture in Java.— The above —

Flowers in Season. We have received
illustration reproduced from one of several
is from the collection of Mr. F. J. O. Montagu,
uiteresting" photographs kindly sent by Mr. Lynford Hall, Mundford, Norfolk (gr. Mr. E.
E. H. Andriesse, Soember Telogo, Dampit, Hill), an excellent example of Cypripedium

Java. The plants were photographed hi Master Andrew (chrysotoxum x insigne Hare-
September last, when those in bloom included field Hall), m which the broad dorsal sepal
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, with 1 5 large has the upper two-thirds white, and with
spikes, D. Pierardi, D. Farmeri, D. Dalhousie- neatly arranged purple spotting ; also
anum, D. nobile, D. pruBuhnum and D. Cypripedium Arthurianum Lynford var., an
veratrifohum. Phalaenopses included Stuart- exceedingly pretty flower with bright
iana and vSchillenana, while the genus Thunia coloration, and with the edges of the petals
was represented by T. Marshalliana. Cattleya and lower part of the dorsal sepal deeply
species embraced Schroderae and labiata, undulated. From Mr. F. J. Hanbury,
rarely seen in flower together, and hybrids Brockhurst, East Grinstead, comes a flower
were represented by C. amabilis, C. Empress of the very attractive Cymbidium Conings-
Frederick, C. Enid, and Brasso-Cattleya byanum Brockhurst var., which obtained an
Digbyano-Mendelii. Among the Cypripe- A.M., R.H.S., Jan. 5th, 191 5, and carried two
diums were insigne, glaucophyllum and arching spikes with a total of 23 blooms the ;

bellatulum. The
majority of the plants are cream-coloured segments are suffused with
cultivated in baskets or on blocks of hard rose-pink, the broad and open three-lobed
wood. labellum yellowish with reddish spotting,

VOL. V.
14
I02 THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915.

column yellow, the under side much spotted. that is to say, set in shallow pans in a compost
From Mr. A. W. Jensen, Lindfield, Haywards of two-thirds fibrous peat and one-third
Heath, comes a peculiar form of Odonto- chopped sphagnum to which a little leaf-
glossum crispum having four sepals and five mould and sand should be added. Some
petals, while the column carries three anther growers prefer a smaller proportion of peat
caps, each complete with the usual amount of and substitute fibrous loam with a small
pollen. Capt. Robert G. E. Twiss, Birdhill, quantity of dried cow manure. The pans
Limerick, sends two distinct varieties of the should be filled to within one-half of their
elegant Cypripedium Hitchinsiae (Charles- depth with broken crocks for drainage, upon
worthii X msigne), in which the broad dorsal which it is usual to place a layer of sphagnum
sepal IS white, with rose spotting ; also for the two-fold purpose of keeping the
Cypripedium Leeanum Albertianum, one of compost damp and preventing its sifting
the best of this hybrid, and of
varieties through the drainage. The remainder of the
on account of the tendency it
special interest pan should be filled to withm half an inch of
has of producing twm-flowered spikes, one the rim with compost, in which the bulbs
plant in the Birdhill collection having this should be placed with their roots half an inch
season produced ten such examples, a fact below the surface the spaces between the
;

well worthy of being placed on record. bulbs, and between them and the rim, should
be covered with sphagnum for retaining
moisture.

PLEIONES. The pans should then be suspended near

the roof-glass of any house in which an
THE Pleiones are alpine plants, inhabit-
ing the lower and middle Himalayan
intermediate temperature
water withheld till the
is maintained, and
plants commence
zones, where they have a vertical growing, or given only in sufficient quantity
range of 2,500-10,000 feet, also the summits to keep the surface sphagnum alive. As the
of the Khasia Hills and the mountains of roots and foliage develop the waterings must
Arracan and Moulmein at 3,000-7,000 feet be more frequent and more copious, and may
elevation. Most of the species are abundant be supplemented occasionally by a little weak
in their respective habitats, grow'ing on moss- liquid manure. Pleione lagenaria, P. praecox
covered rocks and banks and covering the and its variety Wallichiana, may then have a
lower part of the trunks of lofty trees, light position in the Cattleya house. P.
sometimes 111 partial shade, sometimes fully Reichenbachiana and P. maculata require
exposed. As horticultural plants they are a little more heat. P. humilis and P.
highly on account of the brilliant
valued Hookeriana, coming from a high alpine
effect produced by masses of their delicately- region, should be placed close to a ven-
coloured flowers in the autumn and winter tilator or in a cooler house. When the
months the
; flowers are, however, of foliage begins to turn yellow, the waterings
comparative short duration. must be diminished in frequency and quantity
Pleiones in their native habitats live under only sufficient
till is given to keep the bulbs
climatic and other conditions which, with the plump. While Pleiones may be
in flower
exception of temperature, cannot be even kept the Cattleya
in house or in the cool
approximately imitated artificially. The house, provided the temperature does not fall
following method is, in a great measure, below 45 degrees Fahr.
founded upon experience derived from
observation of the behaviour of the plants Mr. R. a. Rolfe.— The Kew Bulletin
under the altered conditions of their environ- notifies the appointment of Mr. Rolfe to the
ment in glass-houses. grade of Assistant, First Class, in the
The pseudo-bulbs should be re-potted Herbarium, Kew, with effect from November
about a fortnight after they have flowered, 6th last.
February, 1915.] 'IHR ORCHID WORLD. 103

STANHOPEAS. rhomboidal or even oblong. Both mesochile

and epichile are of wax-like appearance,
usually white or colourless, but sometimes
THE genus Stanhopea was proposed by
John Frost, of Kew, for S.
Mr. spotted. The column is greatly elongated,
insignis, which flowered in the Royal arching over the labellum, almost meeting it
Gardens in October, 1829, and was communi- at its apex the wings are membraneous and
;

cated by him to Dr. (afterwards Sir Wilham) dilated beyond the middle.
Hooker, by whom it was described in the It is certain, state Messrs. Veitch and Sons,
Botanical Magazine, t. 2948. It was named that the remarkable structure described above
in compHment to Earl Stanhope, at that time is all important in the economy of the plant
President of the Medico-Botanical Society in and its perpetuation, but why so complex a
London. mechanism has become necessary to its
The flowers are very large, with existence and the modifications it has
membraneous sepals and petals of compara- undergone in the lapse of ages before
tively simple form, while the labellum is attaining its present form are still among the
fleshy and of complex structure, the most secrets of Nature. The powerful odour
obvious parts of which will be easily exhaled by the flowers of most of the species,
recognised from the accompanying illustra- and which are all of short duration, is
tion ; for so curious are the different parts of doubtless an incentive to the larger insects to
the lip of a Stanhopea, that a clear description visit the flowers and to make their way into

of them without such assistance is well-nigh the hypochile where honey would be likely

impossible. to be secreted or with the object of gnawing

The three parts of the labellum are thus the interior lining which they are said to

distinguished : (i) Hypochile, the basal devour with great avidity, and the forms of
portion which
the mesochile and epichile are among the
is affixed to the base of the
contrivances to induce the insect to leave the
column ; this is always saccate or hollowed
flower through the opening between the apex
out from above, sometimes globose in outline,
of the latter and that of the column, in which
sometimes elongated into the form of a boat.
case the pollinia would be removed while
(2) Mesochile, the middle portion consisting
pressing its way through. For effective
of two horn-like bodies either bent round and
fertilisation, this hypothesis demands the
parallel with the sides of the epichile or bent alighting of an insect already loaded with
upwards at a considerable angle to it.
(3) pollinia on another unfertilised flower, and
Epichile, the apical portion, which is when passing through the apical opening the
polymorphous, being cordate, ovate, sub- pollinia would be deposited on the stigma.
 —

THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915-

A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID round the house in front of the hot-water
pipes if not, one should be built without
GROWING. ;

mortar and of the pigeon-hole type, with

WITH |.
further
Fame's
reference
article
to
and
Mr. Alf.
replies
the hollow side of the bricks uppermost,
and reaching to a height slightly beneath
thereto, it is possible that a few the lower stage. This style of wall
hints as to the commencement and expenses is easil}- put up, and can be removed
incurred in the growing of Orchids might be at any time with little trouble its ;

interesting to prospective beginners. Be it object IS to retain moisture and to prevent

understood, however, the following remarks hot dry air reaching the plants also, having;

are not intended for those who desire to once become warm it tends to steady the
build and establish their own Orchid houses temperature of the house. If the grower

with the latest and most up-to-date fittings, is likely to be from home at lunch time
this section can easily obtain advice from the he may overcome to some extent the difficulty
proper source, neither do I presume to give of middle-day damping by resting on the top
hints to any, except those who, like myself, of this wall galvanised iron shooting, a length
desire to grow a few Orchids as an inex- for each side and also one at the end of the
pensive and pleasant hobby. Furthermore, house, at a cost of a few shillings. A few
it is useless for the beginner to expect to very tiny holes .should be made in the bottom
achieve success if he does not exert a little of this shooting", so that when it is filled with
thought and care for his plants also, the ;
water some will continue to trickle through
object of deriving mental and physical and keep the wall damp, thus greatly assisting
benefit therefrom would be defeated. m the problem of damping down. Of course,
Assuming then that a start is to be made during the growing season, the whole house
in the greenhouse already existing in the and in between the pots is thoroughly wetted
garden, we must consider the aspect it takes. in the morning whenever there is a promise
I f be a lean-to facing south or south-west,
it of a warm and sunny day.
with the chance of getting the sun's rays Taking for granted the house is clean,
during the greater part of the day, then it it will now be ready to receive the plants.
is best suited to the growth of Cattleyas, " Ah !" hear a reader say, " yes, and now
I

Dendrobiums and certain Oncidiums, etc., comes the expense." But wait a moment. If
using a blind for shading during the brightest the greenhouse has been previously used for
weather. The staging, if of the open lath kind, ordinary plants, I would ask him to total
will require to be covered with tiles or up what he has spent at intervals during
broken flower-pot if the latter are used select
; the year for fresh ones to keep the house
fairly large pieces and lay them closely gay also, what has he for his money at
;

together, concave side uppermost, thus they the end of the year, how much has been
retain water for evaporation. Now knock consigned to the rubbish heap, and what will
up a super stage from slats, say f inch x he spend again in the coming year, and so
I inch, nail these about I inch apart to It goes on. Now this is where Orchids give the

runners ihx2l, rest this stage upon six-
inch pots inverted in pans filled with water
this as a guard against slugs notice too that
the upper stage is clear all round from sides
of house. The plants, on inverted pots, will
rest upon this stage.
If the floor of the house is naked earth,
except for an ash or shingle path, so much
advantage, once having secured your stock,
at the end of the }'ear, providing you have
— cared for them, you may increase the number
of plants bv dividing those strong enough,
thus each year one's stock increases instead
of diminishing, and, remember, they are
Orchid v, the flowers of which remain beautiful
for a long time ; also the stock, if kept in

the better the earth should be dug over,

;
good condition, is an asset.
and the path restored. A wall may exist Suppose the house is 12 feet x 8 feet, a very
I''<'l)ru;iry, 11)15. j

nice little mixed stock can be ubtained for

i, 10. This applies to either a warm or cool
house, and although the fittings mentioned
above be much the same in either case,
will
the position of the houses may differ slightly,
the one probably having a northerly
cool
aspect, as its occupants require more shade
and moisture with less heat. The small boiler
required will cost about ^,^3 per annum for fuel.
Attention to plants, etc., will occupy on an
average one hour per day, if calculated for
—
the year on many days the total time
expended will not exceed half-an-hour thus —
during the winter stoking fire night and
morning may take fifteen minutes, damping
down once five minutes, and looking over
the plants ten minutes. Odontoglossum cilrosmum.
The watering of the plants will depend
to some extent on the moisture holding
properties of the house, also the amount of ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM.
fire heat used ; m my case, at this time of
the year, once a week appears sufficient in Odontoglossum citrosmum we have a
either house, some of the plants not requiring IN departure from the usual type of
it so often — the soft water used is stored Odontoglossums in the scapes being
m a tank or tub inside the house — fifteen produced simultaneously with the pseudo-
minutes for this operation is ample. During bulbs, 111 its perfectly pendulous racemes,
the summer months more water will, of course, in the form of the hp, in the absence of the
be required. Further cultural details will be teeth-like processes of the crest, in its three-
found in the ORCHID WORLD. winged column, and m
some other details.
The balance of time not required in the This species has long been known as one
winter may be passed to the credit of the of the most beautiful of the Mexican
summer, when here and there a plant may Odontoglossums. It was first introduced

want re-potting, and others cleaned, etc. Now into England by Mr. George Barker, of
it will be seen that having once made a Birmingham, through his collector, Ross,
beginning the yearly expense is small, and about the year 1838, and flowered for the
surely for the pleasure gained, to say nothing first time in this country in the collection
of the physical benefits derived, it makes this of Mr. T. Brocklehurst, at Macclesfield, the
fascinating hobby one of the cheapest forms plant being one of those imported by Mr.
of recreation a busy man can have. Finally, Barker. In its native country it has an
I think the Trade will help the beginner at ;
extensive range, but always at a lower
least, I call tomind a firm who helped me elevation than other Mexican species of the
with invaluable information and were most genus.
reasonable in their charges for plants. M. Roezl, who found it in the park-like
Edward Clement, Maidstone. plains that occur between the ranges of the
Sierra Madre, thus describes his experience :

Editorial Note.— Having visited Mr. " Great was my surprise

to see the trees
Clement's garden we can confirm the great clothed with a profusion of Orchids, which
success he has obtained in cultivating a varied proved to be Odontoglossum citrosmum,
collection of both warm and cool house whose pendulous spikes, a yard long, were
Orchids. adorned with innumerable white and lilac

VOL. V.
15
I Ob THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915.

ample ventilation is given. It will thrive

well in company with Laslia anceps, etc.

Very little water should be applied during the

resting season, but when the plant is making
rapid growth the compost should be kei)t
I airly moist.
After the season's growth is completed it
will be found a good plan to suspend
the pot or pan from the roof of the
house, where it will receive ample light, be
less likely to be overwatered, and away
from the reach of slugs which eagerly
await the formation of the flower spike,
which is formed simultaneously with the
new growth. It is a great mistake to
tie the spikes up in an upright position,
their correct manner is gracefully hanging
oxer the edge of the pot, when they are
always attractive.
I he varieties include album, roseum puiic-
tatum, sulphureum, and Rosefield, so quite
a small collection of this species alone can
be obtained.

DeNDROBIUM SPECIOSUM. — This species is

a native of Australia, confined chiefly to the

neighbourhood of the east coast, where it is
Odonloglossum citrosmum. frequent on the banks of streams from Port
Bowen southwards to Cape Howe. It was
flowers, which perfumed the air with their one of the first Australian Dendrobe^
(lehghtful fragrance. The stoutest branches introduced into British gardens, having been
of the oaks were hterally loaded, and it was sent to Kew in the spring of 1823 by Allan
a pleasure to see the profusion of flowers Cunningham. The variety Bancroftianum
produced by these [)lants, a single spike was sent from Brisbane by Dr. Bancroft, in
bearing upwards of thirty expanded flowers. 1881, to Mr. Christy, of Fenchurch Street.
During several days' march we noticed that The variety Hillii is also a Queensland form,
all way by
the oak trees were clothed in this found in the neighbourhood of Moreton Bay.
the same Orchid, which flowers the more It is dedicated to the late Mr. Walter Hill,

freely it is exposed to the direct rays of superintendent of the Botanic Garden,

the sun." Brisbane. It forms an excellent horticultural
This species is l)est cultivated in tlic subject, and when successfully cultivated
(Jattle}'a house, or in a situation where it can forms a striking object while in flower, which
obtain abundance of light and be kept a usually occurs during the months of February
httle warmer than is usual for other species and March. Its racemes of creamy-white

of the genus. All Mexican Orchids are accus- few purple spots on the lip, are
flowers, with a
tomed to an abundant supply of fresh air, amongst the largest and most massive yet
and on this account care must be taken that seen in the genus.
 ; —

THE ORCHID WORLD. [I-'ebruary, 1915-

NEW ORCHIDS. light emerald-green, and the lip white, with a

rose-coloured margin, a few similar radiating
Kcw veins on the side lobes, and a few pale purple
THE (1914,
last issue
No.
of
10)
the
contains
Bulletin
the 43rd spots at the base of the front lobe.
decade of New Orchids, which are as Zygopetalum Prainianum, imported by
follows :
— Messrs. Sander and Sons through their
Cirrhopetalum formosanum, a Formosan collector L. Forget, and flowered at St.

species which was sent to Kew by Mr. W. R. Albans in September, 19 14, afterwards
Price two years ago and has flowered on two passing" into the Kew collection. The sepals

or three occasions. The flowers are straw- and petals are dusky-brown, with obscure
ycllov/, with a deep yellow lij^ and a suffusion green stripes on the petals, and the hp white
of pink m the petals. with light rose-purple streaks on the fleshy
lone flavescens, flowered m the Royal ribs of the callus.

Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, in September,

1914. Allied to lone Andersoni, the pollinia
being attached in pairs to two clavate stipes
situated on either side of the broad column. ODONTIODA CLOTHO.
The sepals are pale yellowish-green, and the
(Odm. Uro-Skinneri X Qda. Thwaitesii.)
petals and lip deep yellow.
Coelogyne siamensis, flowered at Kew in Considering the apparent great power and
October, 1914. The sepals and petals are pale extreme character of Uro-Skinneri, this
green, and the lip light yellow, with a broad hybrid approaches very closely in form the
dark brown margin to the side lobes, some Odontioda in every segment. The colour is
brown streaks and dots on the disc, and some darkened by the brown, and obscurely mottled
bright yellow at the apex of the lateral keels under the lilac-plum colour of the sepals and
and the base of the central one. This plant petals. The lip is slightly three-Iobed, lighter
has much of the general appearance of C. than the sepals and petals, but has a large
lentiginosa. oblong mass of deeper colour down the mid
Arundina subsessilis, from Upper Burma. area. Blooming on a small bulb there is no
Introduced by Messrs. Sander and Sons, and doubt that when strong it will develop into a
flowered in the collection of Mr. H. J. Elwes, similar habit to the Odontioda parent.
Colesborne, Glos., in September, 1914. It is This is another of Messrs. Armstrong and
said to be completely herbaceous. The Brown's introductions. They are to be
flowers are nearly white, with lilac-purple congratulated on their rapid success in raising
tips to the sepals and petals, a violet-purple Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, and have
zone round the limb of the hp just inside the now reached a very interesting period
margin, and the keels yellow. when they willbloom a large number of
Eulophia subintegra, from South Africa, these charming hybrids. dc B. Crawshny,
where it is found in damp places at Olivier's Rosefield, Scvcnoaks, January i6th, igi S-
Hook and sources of the Tugela River.
Eulophia Sankeyi, from South Africa :

Orange River Colony Harrismith.

Bouquet of Orchids. —
;

Eulophia inadensis, South Africa Natal : An Artistic

Inanda. The arranged bouquet depicted on
artistically
I'lulophia Peglerae, from South Africa : the following page was recently presented to
Transkei Ketani. ; II. M. Queen Alexandra by H.S.H. Princess of

Polystachya Hislopii, from Tropical Africa. Monaco. The Orchids, of which only the
Sent to Kew by Mr. Alexander Hislop, of finest procurable were used, were supplied by

S. Rhodesia, and flowered in the collection in Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
September, 1914. The sepals and petals arc Heath.
An artistically arranged Bouquet of Orchids {see page 1 08).
I lO THE ORCHID WORLD. [Fcbrunry, 1915-

Catlleya Luddemanniana Slanleyi in the collection of Clement Moore, Esq., Hack.cnsack< N.]., U.S.A.
Sepals and petals pure white, lahellum white slreaJ^ed with mouve-purple, throat orange-yellow.
 —

I' Chi iiai \ ,

Kji.S- IIII': OKCIIII) WORIJ). J i I

CATTLEYA LUDDEMANNIANA. Our illustration is of an excellent flcnver oi

llus hitter section in the collection (T Mr.

THIS l)ublic
iittractive species first
notice when
came
flowering"
uikIit
m M.
Clement Moore, Hackensack, N.J., '.S.A.

Sci)als and ])etals pure white, labellum white,

I

L'cscatore's celebrated collection at streaked willi mauve-purple, throat orange-

St. (
where it was successfully
'1(111(1, Paris, yellow. Mr. Mossman, who has charge of the
cultivated by M. Liiddemann. Subsequentl)' collection, is to be congratulated 011 the hue
Mr. Dawson, at Meadow Bank, near Glasgow, cultural result.
achieved fame by flowering it in this country,
his plant in 18O2 being the subject of an
illustration in Warner's " Select Orchidaceous
ODONTOGLOSSUM MESSALINA.
I-'lants " under the name Cattleya Dawsonii.
(Lambeauianum X Vuylstekei.)
Although at later dates it was flowered by
The tmy plant of this hybrid to bl(jom
first
Mr. Rucker, at Wandsworth, and Mr. Bassett,
gives promise of some very handsome things.
at Clapham, nothing appeared to be known
In form it is excellent, the petals lapping on
of its origin until it was imported m quantity
the sepals. The sepals are white grounded,
by Messrs. Low and Co., of Clapton, from
but heavily stained purple-brown and heavily
Venezuela, where it is found on the Cordillera
barred with similar colour ; the petals less
near Caracas, and at a lower elevation than
stained, but carrying" deep blotches at their
C. Mossias.
tips, and large half-moon shaped blotches on
1 he first account of a pure white variety is
their median areas. Lip of good form and
given m
Godefroy's Orchidophilc, 1886, p.
nicely marked on the central and basilar area.
365, where under the varietal name alba is
Column spotted with same colour, the wings
described a flower with pure white segments
heavily so. The depth of colour is remarkable,
and an orange stain on the lip. This plant
and IS invariable when produced from a good
was in the collection of M. F. Fmet, of
deep rose coloured bloom coupled with the
Argenteuil, France, and had been imported
massive weight of the Vuylstekei colour.
some three years previously. On Sept. Gth,
It is a joint production of Mr. Armstrong
1892, Mr. W. R. Lee, of Manchester,
and myself I raised the seed from his pollen,
;

exhibited a pure white variety at the Royal

he w^inning the race in blooming" the first
Horticultural Society, when it obtained a
plant, as I fully expected. de. B. C rawshay,
First-class Certificate under the name C.
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, January i6t/i, ujiS-
Liiddemanmana Sanderiana. A beautiful
pure white form is also known under the
varietal name Empress. Obituary. —We much regret to record the
There another section, equally attractive,
is death, which took place on December nth,
which produces elegant flowers with pure 1914, of Mr. James Clay Flarvey, of Sanborn,
white segments, except the labellum, which Mexico, at the age of O4. Within a week of
has bright mauve-purple streaks of colour on his death Mr. Harvey wrote us to the effect
the front lobe. was The first of this kind that his country had been in such turmoil,
shown by Sons at
Messrs. Sander and owing to the civil war, that he had been
the Royal
Horticultural Society's Orchid obliged to leave his estate and take refuge
Conference, May 12th, 1885, under the name Vera Cruz and then in Orizaba, where
first in

C. Liiddemanmana Schroderiana, when it he was cut off from all mail and telegraphic
oljtained a First-class Certificate and passed connection with Mexico City. Mr. Harvey
into Baron Schroder's celebrated collection. was well-kno\\n as a Planter and consulting
On Sept. 24th, go I, Messrs. Stanley, Ash ton
I Tropical Agriculturist, and was keenly inter-
and Co., of Southgate, exhibited a similar ested m Orchids. An illustrated article on his
variety under the name C. Liiddemanmana collection appeared in the ORCHID WORLD,
Stanleyi, and received a First-class Certificate. Vol. I., p. 1 74-5.
 THE ORCIIIl) WORLD. [I'\-bruar\ , 1915.

RETARDING ORCHIDS. the flowers by placing the plants, as soon

as their bulbs are matured, into cooler sur-

ALTHOUGH the retarding of florist's roundings. A cool corridor or house where the
flowers has been largely practised atmosphere is fairly free from moisture proves
for many years with considerable the most suitable- place, for when the plants
couimercial success, it is only recently are m a comparatively dry state they safely
that attention has been given to the withstand a much lower temperature.
subject by Orchid growers. With the The first year's treatment of this kind may
ever increasing multitude of hybrids flower- only cause the plants to flower about a month
ing, as they do, throughout every week later, but their resting season being propor-
of the year, it may be asked why there isany tionately retarded causes them to commence
necessity to attempt the production of Orchid their new growth at a later period in the
flowers outside their natural season. With following year, and their season of flowering
the amateur who has but one desire, and that will then be two or three months later than
to see things as and when Nature demands, the normal time. Thus it is possible to ensure
there is, of course, no need to attempt the a supply of Cattleya labiata right through the
alteration of the plants' respective seasons of winter season, and, as many have found to
flowering ; but with the large trade growers, their advantage, good Cattleyas make high
who have to produce a quantity of bloom prices during Christmas week.
during the certain seasons of the year when Many Odontoglossums prove good
of the
market prices are at their best, it is at once subjects, and with careful attention can be
evident that every means must be utilised to made to produce their spikes several months
meet the demand. later than the normal flowering period. The
Although many species may be equally method of treating O. grande is as follows: —
beautiful to the eye, and may probably have Soon after the plants have finished flowering
the same decorative effect, there is a vast the pots are laid on their side and no water
difference in their lasting qualities, and for 15 applied for some considerable time in fact, ;

this reason some species have a higher they often pass right through the winter with
market value than others. For instance, but little shriveflmg of the bulbs. In early
during the summer months the demand for spring kept cool and dry, and
they are
Cattleya Gaskelliana is good, but it ceases resemble imported plants, although their
directly C. labiata makes
appearance and its ; leaves and roots are still intact and ready
although the supply of the former may last to recommence activity as soon as the
well into the autumn months it is practically necessary growing conditions are supplied.
unsaleable on account of the better lasting In the early summer the plants are brought
qualities of the latter species. No one, back to light, heat and moisture, which induce
therefore, ever thinks of attempting the them to make good bulbs before the late
retardation of C. Gaskelliana. autumn months, and to produce their flowers
The flowers of Cattleya Trianas, which as late as November and sometimes December.
open during the late winter months, are of a The plants appear little the worse after
comparatively thin and delicate structure, and several years of this special treatment.
make poor subjects for cut-flower purposes, Dendrobiums usually open their flowers in
but they up what is oftentimes a wide gap
fill the late winter months, and it is but rarely
between the autumn flowering C. labiata and that there is any need to retard their normal
the spring flowering C. Mossiae. To cover development. There are, however, a few
up this gap with better material where the is occasions when they prove of value, a notable
retarding of C. labiata proves very useful and instance being the International Exhibition
effective. The process mainly consists of of 1912, when large numbers were used in the

starting the plants into growth late in the making of the finest groups. But as Dendro-
spring months and delaying the production of biums require a comparatively long season of
 —

February, 1915-] THE ORCHID WORLD. "3

suitable growing weather in which to Cattleya Snowflake. — This valuable

complete their bulbs, it is somewhat doubtful acquisition to the albino section has been
if the check thus given the plants can be raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown by
repeated the following years without any crossing C. Dusseldorfei Undine with C.
serious ill effects. labiata alba, the result being a pure white
flower of good substance, the plant having a
strong constitution.
L/elio-Cattleya Queen Elizabeth. —
ODONTOGLOSSUM N/EVROSS. Messrs. Flory and Black are the raisers of
(naevium x Rossii.) this attractive hybrid between L.-C. Gottoiana
Naturally, one would expect a resemblance and C. Carmen.
to Odontoglossum Fowlerianum (Rossii x L/elio-Cattleya Belgica. The result —
cirrhosum) in this, but it is a better thing. of crossing L.-C. Henry Greenwood with
Sepals and petals deep rose, the former L.-C. Aphrodite, flowers very broad, with rich
irregularly spotted with blackish chocolate purple labellum. Raised by Messrs. .Sander
over their whole area ; the latter similarly and Sons.
coloured, but the area that is spotted is lighter, Brasso-Cattleya Fusilier. —A beauti-
the spotsextending some two<-thirds the ful hybrid, obtained by crossing C. Hardyana
length. The lip is darker rose with a white and B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann. The flowers,
area around the crest. Column light rose, which are produced during the late autumn
anther cap deep rose. In form it is much like and winter months, are of bright coloration,
na?vium, and has a slight scent derived from it. the labellum broad and prettily fringed.
Blooming from a very small plant it has Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons.
produced but one flower, but if it should —
Cypripediums. The following have been
throw many-bloomed spikes it will be a very raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons Seaforth :

dainty addition to Messrs. Armstrong and Highlander (Dreadnought x fulshawense)

Brown's introductions. de B. Crawshay, and Nieuport (Hera Euryades x Vandyck).
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, January i6th, igi§. Brasso-Cattleya Eileen. A pretty—
hybrid between B.-C. Marguerite Fournier (C.
labiata x B. Digbyana) and C. labiata.

NEW HYBRIDS. Exhibited by Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons,

Manchester Orchid Society, December i/th,
Cattleya Clio. — In the recording of this 1914, when it obtained an Award of Merit.
hybrid on page 80 the parentage is incorrectly L.-elio-Cattleya Orpheus. An attrac- —
stated it should be Armstrongiae x labiata.
; tive hybrid, with reddish-bronze coloured
Cymbidium Queen of Gatton. — A very sepals and petals and a well-developed rose-
beautiful result, raised m the collection of Sir purple labellum. The parents are L.-C.
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey. Martinettii and C. Grossii, thus making it a
The vigorous plant carried a spike of 8 rose- near relative of L.-C. Fred Gott (Martinettii
pink flowers, the broad lip marked with X bicolor). A note on C. Grossii appears in
reddish lines. The parents are Lady Colman the Orchid World, Vol. IV., p. 35. Raised
and Sanderas. by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.
Cattleya Phyllis. — One of the most Cypripedium Rosemary. — This nchly
delicately coloured and prettily formed flowers coloured hybrid has been raised by Mr. E.
that has yet been raised has recently flowered Hill, in the Lyndford Hall collection, Mund-
m the collection of Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, ford, Norfolk. The parents are Hera and
Pembury Kent. The parents are Luedde- aureum, the influence of Spicerianum, derived
manniana Stanleyi and Schroderae, the light from the latter parent, producing a pleasing
rosy-pink tinge being equally distributed dorsal sepal of excellent shape.
throughout the whole flower. Odontoglossum Ypres. — The result of
 —

114 THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915.

crossing excellens with armainvillierense. X Hera) and Julia (Druryi x Chamber-

Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. lainianum).

Cypripedium Captain Bouguereau. — Odontoglossum Vulture. — A heavily-

blotched flower, obtained by crossing tigrinum
This attractive hybrid between glaucophyllum
with Vuylstekei. Raised in the collection of
and Amandinia? (pohtum x Spicerianum) has
Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Streatham.
been raised by Mens. Joseph Ginot, St.

Etienne, Loire, France.

Cattleya Lieut. Holbrook. — Messrs.
Sander and Sons are the raisers of this Oncidium superbiens. — This handsome
hybrid between labiata and Ella (bicolor x species belongs to the same section as O.
Warscewiczii). macranthum. The pseudo-bulbs are elongate
—
Cypripediums. The following have been ovate, about 4 or 5 inches long ; the leaves
raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons: Arras — linear-oblong, acute, keeled ; the scape is

(Mrs. F. Sander x Leeanum), Marne (Beryl x 3, or more, feet long and carries from 20 to 30
Alcibiades), Aisne (Leeanum x Mrs. Mostyn) flowers, which are nearly 3 inches in diameter ;

and Rheims (Van Dyke x Mrs. Mostyn). the crisped sepals have the apex reflexed, and
Sophro-Cattleya Dorea. — The practice are chocolate-brown tipped with yellow ; the
of mating a hybrid with one of its parents, cordate petals are yellow in the apical half,
usually the one having the largest flower, is barred with chocolate in the basal portion ;

frequently accomplished with satisfactory the lip is much smaller, trulliform, of a

results. A recent example is this hybrid blackish-purple, with the crest yellow. This
between S.-C. Dons and C. aurea, which has species is a native of Colombia, and deserves
been raised in the collection of Mr. Richard to be seen more often in present-day
G. Thwaites, Streatham Hill. The influence collections.

of C. aurea has imparted considerable beauty

in point of coloration, as well as increasing
the size of the petals and lip.

L^LIA ANCIBARINA. — It IS seldom that a Oncidium macranthum. — No cool house

new Laelia hybrid can be recorded, but this is considered complete without one or more
one is the result of crossing anceps and plants of this superb Oncidium, which is seen
cinnabarina, the orange-yellow flowers being at its best during the spring and early summer
carriedon a long and slender stem. Raised months. The long, flexuose, branched spikes
by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. are formed from the base of the new bulb
L^lio-Cattleya Isabel. — The result of and carry numerous flowers, about 4 inches
crossing C. Warscewiczii var. Frau Melanie across, the upper sepal of a golden-olive-
Beyrodt with L.-C. bella alba, and yielding a brown, the lower ones orange-yellow the two ;

flower of light rose tint, the petals streaked petals are is white
bright yellow ; the lip

with purple on their median area, the labellum bordered with violet-purple, purplish at its
dark purpTe. Flowered in the collection of base. When cultivated in company with the
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Pembury. Odontoglossums, in a light and airy house, it
—
Cymbidium FlORYI. A good addition to grows with considerable freedom, the bulbs
these popular hybrids, the large greenish often attaining remarkable dimensions, while
flowers having the front lobe of the labellum the flower spikes measure many feet in
spotted with red. The parents are grandi- length and last some time in perfection. As
florum and eburneo-Lowianum. Recently many of the new roots are formed at some
exhibited by Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. distance above the pot care must be taken
—
Cypripediums. The following have been to protect them from the attacks of slugs and
raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown-. other pests until they are able to gain an
Monte (Fairrieanum x nitens), Jason (Druryi entrance into the compost.
Oncidium macranthum.
ii6 THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915-

CULTURE NOTES. When once the plants are large enough to

flower freely they should be potted m firmer

WITH the February comes

month of
a decided and welcome improve-
material, using good lasting fibre, and with
perhaps less moss and leaves m the compost.
ment in the amount of daylight, Their season of growth will fall into regular
the additional two or a day
three hours periods, with short and necessary intervals of
having a great on the plants, which are
effect rest.
recommencing activity and striving to Oftentimes the slender bulbs, over-weighted
recuperate themselves after the unsuitable by their comparatively heavy leaves, bend
winterly weather. Many of the small, over and twist the basal portion, so that the
unflowered seedlings have already made pro- buds situated thereon are unable to produce
minent new growths, which are a sure sign their new growth in a natural position.
that attention to their rooting accommodation Whenever the young bulbs show signs of
IS needed, for no check should ever be weakness m this respect one or more thin
allowed these tender subjects. Although a sticks should be placed about the middle of
clean pot should be selected, it is not always the plant, and each bulb neatly supported,
necessary to use a larger one, for by sub- always taking care that ever)- leaf stands
stituting new compost for some of the old quite clear of its neighbour. It is surprising
decayed matter ample rooting material will how this simple operation smartens up the
be furnished for several months to come. look of the whole house, and imparts quite a
Much damage to the health of the seedlings professional appearance the plants look
;

IS often done by attempting their cultivation and are m every way improved.
taller,
in over large pots. An excessive amount of Something may here be said on the method
compost IS just as harmful to a plant as a of arranging the plants on the staging, for
superabundant supply of food is injurious expert growers do not entirely agree on
to an animal the best results are always
; which is the best plan. Some advocate
obtained when the needs are moderately met. placing the largest plants at the back, with
All seedling Orchids require a light com- the smaller ones in front, which certainly
post, one in which soft fibre, living sphagnum allows ample freedom for the watering pot
moss, and a few chopped leaves form the and gives the attendant every chance to
principal ingredients. Such a mixture can rapidly glance over the batch and pick out
be easily worked in around the tender roots any requiring attention, but it has the dis-
with a pointed stick, while the surface may be advantage of causing the large plants to be
either trimmed with a pair of scissors or too near the roof glass, where they are likely
covered with a layer of living sphagnum to be effected by extremes of temperature,
moss. As seedlings are more or less m and the little ones too far from it, so that
growth throughout the whole year no definite they become drawn and weakly. The reverse
season for re-pottmg can be stated, but the method, placing the smaller pots at the back
plants should be looked over every two or and the larger ones in front, certainly allows
three weeks, and all that are ready for atten- every plant to be at a uniform distance from
tion should receive it without unnecessary the sloping roof glass, although it has the
delay. Where a large number exist it will disadvantage of putting the smallest seedlings
be found a good plan to place all the newly- where they are least able to be seen and
potted ones in a separate place, where they often near the hot-water pipes that cause the
may receive the necessary treatment to adjacent atmosphere to be unreasonably dry
encourage rapid growth. Some of the and hot. The third method, which appears
quicker growing hybrids, more especially be by
to far the most reasonable, consists of
those of the long-bulbed section, require sorting out the plants into various batches,
re-pottmg every six or nine months, and often according to their size the smallest can
;

reach the flowering stage in about four years. then be arranged in neat rows on a portion of
 :

I'"('l)rii;ir\-, t()i,:;.] THK ORCHID WORLD. 117

the that has been raised about

staj^'iii;^' With Odontogiossums and other tender
6 inches above the remainder, while the seedlings a good method consists in lightly
medium sized ones can be placed on inverted shading the house with a suitable mixture of
pots or else on staging that has been raised whitening, applying it smoothly and thinly
about 4 mches. The largest plants can then on the glass under which the plants requiring
follow on, thus allowing the tops of the shading are cultivated the remaining portion
;

various sized plants to be on the seime level. of the roof may remain uncovered until a
In this method there is the additional advan- later date. By using the shading material in
tage that the smallest plants can be arranged a very thin state the warmth of the sun will
on staging composed of narrow battens be able to penetrate into the house without
placed fairly closely together, whereas the doing any serious harm, yet quite sufficiently
larger plants can stand on stronger material, to maintain a suitable growing atmosphere.
with the battens set wide apart to ensure a At a later period the usual roller blinds may
free circulation of the atmosphere. be brought into use, when the whitewash
Shading Orchids. After several months shading may be allowed to remain as a pre-
of dull weather we have now arrived at a caution against neglect m using the blinds,
time when brighter days with a considerable either through absence from the garden or
improvement m the warmth of the sun's rays in the early morning when the sun is not
may be expected. Young seedlings, more powerful enough to require shading the
especially those of the Odontoglossum whole house.
section, will require careful attention to
prevent their tender leaves from being
scorched by a sudden outburst of sunshine, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
which is often quite powerful when it occurs
between sharp showers and on other
SOCIETY.
occasions when the atmosphere is cleared by January 5th, 191 5.
frosty weather. Even if the foliage escapes Members of the Orchid Committee present
damage there is always the likelihood of the J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair). Sir
young bulbs being prematurely ripened, and Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch,
thus giving a check to the plant just when it Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), Gurney
requires every stimulation towards the forma- Wilson, W. Bolton, de B. Crawshay, W. H.
tion of rapid growth. It is not always an White, J. E. Shill, A. Dye, W. P. Bound,
easy task to overcome these little difficulties, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, W. Cobb, G. F.
especially m small amateurs' collections, where Moore, F. J. Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, A.
the owner is frequently away during the McBean, T. Armstrong, R. G. Thwaites,
greater part of the day, but with a little Stuart Low, C. H. Curtis, and R. A. Rolfe.
forethought much can be done towards
accomplishing a remedy. First-class Certificate.
The month February may seem an
of Cypripedium Christopher var. Grand Duke
early period year to think about
in the Nicholas (Acteeus var. Miss F. H. Cann x
shading, but m the south of England it is Leeanum Corona), from G. F. Moore, Esq.,
quite necessary on houses containing delicate Chardwar, Bourton-on-the-Water, Glos. A
seedlings. Of course, the larger and more large and well-built flower carried on a
robust plants can withstand a certain degree vigorous plant, the broad dorsal sepal having
of direct sunshine, and, as a matter of fact, the upper part white, the base green, and
they benefit considerably thereby, con- with a few purple spots the large petals
;

sequently the early part of March will be and lip are pale green tinged with purple.
found sufficiently early to commence with
these, that is, supposing them to be of the
Awards of Merit.
Cattleya or other sun-loving section. Cypripedium Pyramus Chardwar Ideal
 ;

ii8 THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915-

(Hera Euryades x Mrs. Wm. Mostyn), from Thompsonianum, and the uncommon O.
G. F. Moore, Esq. A noble flower of nevadense.
attractive appearance and richly coloured. Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
The large dorsal spotted with reddish-purple, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat
the remaining segments Indian-yellow tinged group containing choice Cymbidium hybrids,
with brown. dark varieties of Lselia anceps, the strong
Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes (arden- growing Laelio-Cattleya auto-doin, and
tissimum x crispum), from Sir Jeremiah various Odontiodas.
Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey. A Messrs. Jas. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham,
splendid example with a spike of 18 white was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a
flowers, slightly spotted with yellow. large exhibit of meritorious Cypripediums, all

Cymbidium Coningsbyanum Brockhurst the plants exhibiting considerable robustness,

var. from F. J.
(grandiflorum x insigne), and flowering with great freedom.
Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East Grinstead. Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,

A handsome hybrid carrying two arching Surrey, exhibited Odontioda Othello (Odm.
spikes with a total of 23 blooms, the cream Othello X Oda. gattonensis), resembling an
coloured segments suffused with rose-pink, Odontoglossum also a flower from Odm.
;

the broad and open three-lobed labellum crispum x Oda. gattonensis, which was of a
yellowish with reddish spotting. sulphur-yellow tinge, a colour probably
Cypripedium Arthurianum Langley var. derived from Kegeljani, one of the parents
(Fairrieanum x insigne Harefield Hall), from of gattonensis. Also Cymbidium Queen of
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. A hand- Gatton with a spike of 8 rose-pink
some flower, showing considerable improve- flowers.
ment on the older forms, the dorsal sepal Baron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, Englefield
being much wider, while the other segments Green, exhibited an excellent example of
are proportionally stronger. Cypripedium Hera-Beeckmannii.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill,
Other Exhibits.
showed Odontoglossum percultum, an uncom-
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards mon variety of reddish colour, varieties of O.
Heath, were awarded a Silver Floral Medal eximium xanthotes and O. Lambeauianum.
for an excellent exhibit, including the rare H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney,
Angrascum rectum, A. sesquipedale, the exhibited OdontiodaThe Foundling, of good
unique Zygopetalum Mackayi Charlesworthii, shape and colour O. Wiganianum Goodson's
;

a splendid variety of Sophro-Cattleya Saxa, var., and a Harryanum hybrid.

as well as numerous hybrids. Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Laelio-Cattleya Queen Elizabeth (L.-C.
Wells, received a Silver Floral Medal for a Gottoiana x C. Carmen), a rosy-purple flower
meritorious group containing a varied selec- of good promise.
tion of the winter flowering Cattleya
J. O. Montagu, Esq., Lynford, Norfolk,
F.
Maggie Raphael alba, the new Odonto- exhibited Cypripedium Archimedes Lynford
glossum naevross (nsvium x Rossii), a choice var. (insigne Harefield Hall x nitens magnifi-
variety of Oncidium corynephorum, and a
curn), a bold flower, the broad segments well
good assortment of Odontoglossum hybrids
coloured and of thick texture.
flowering for the first time
Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were
Lcelio-Cattleya Cecilia (Trianas x luminosa),
awarded a Banksian Medal for an
Silver
interesting exhibit in which were good plants with salmon-coloured flowers, having a rich

01 Laelia Gouldiana carrying an abundance of crimson-red band round the labellum

flower, Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, one Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, a very fine
of the finest forms yet seen of Odontoglossum form, and Odontioda St. Fuscien.
 :

I'"cl)rii;ir\', 11J15.] IIll-: ORCHID WORIJ).

January 19th, 1915. (Cypripedium Ypres, of good shape, B.-L.-C.

Members Orchid Committee present
of the Wotan, and the interesting Eria rugosa.
J.
Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a
Mr. James O'Brien (hon. sec), R. G. Thwaites, group containing Odontoglossum Artemis, a
W. Cobb, Gurney Wilson, T. Armstrong, S. richly-coloured flower, strong flowering plants
W. Flory, F. M. Ogilvie, F. Sander, W. Bolton, of Dendrobium Wardianum, the rare Odonto-
C. J. Lucas, W. H. White, J. Shill, J. Charles- glossum .sceptrum aureuin, Ladia anceps
worth, R. A. Rolfe, C. H. Curtis, A. Dye and Roeblingiana, a very large variety of Cattleya
F. J. Hanbury. Percivaliana, Cypripedium aureuni virginale,
various Brasso-Cattleyas, and an excellent
First-class Certificates. specimen of Miltonia Phalaenopsis.
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii albens (C. Trianje were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a
X B.-C. Digbyano-Mossias), from J. Gurney group m which were several excellent
Fovv'ler, Pembury. A magnificent
Esq., — Cymbidium hybrids, including Alexanderi,
flower of large size and equally balanced the ;
Schlegelii and Gottianum, well-flowered
broad segments being creamy white, in places plants of Leelia anceps Schroderae and L. a.

slightly tinged with rose-pink, the labellum Bull's alba, also Sophro-Cattleya November.
particularly well-develoj^ed. His Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
Dendrobium Triumph (Dalhousieanum x Blenheim Palace, exhibited Cypripedium lona
thyrsiflorum), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., (bellatulum x Fairrieanum), with crimson-
Brackenhurst, Pembury. — A remarkable plant, purple markings Cypripedium Cavalier
;

in habit of growth closely resembling the (Hera Blenheim var. x Earl of Tankerville),
former parent, the semi-pendulous spike with a large white dorsal neatly spotted, the
bearing 5 large flowers of wax-like substance broad petals and lip tinged with purple.
and colour, the broad labellum marked with Gurney Fowler, Esq., showed the
J.
reddish blotches at its base. beautiful Odontioda Latona, previously
awarded a F.C.C. Odontioda Lairesseas, with
;

Other Exhibits. a many-flowered spike and a hybrid between

;

L.-C. Dominiana and C. aurea.

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Baron Bruno Schroder showed Cattleya
Wells, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for Trianse Dorothy, a large flower of excellent
an extensive exhibit of winter-flowering formation and richly coloured.
hybrids, which included a wide selection of Lieut.-Col. Sir Mervyn Buller, Bart.,
Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, the new Broomhill, -Spratton, Northants, exhibited
Laelia ancibarina (anceps x cinnabanna), Sophro-Cattleya Mrs. F. Wellesley, a pleasing
Cypripedium Venus Orchidhurst var., the flower with broad segments of rose-scarlet.
attractive Dendrobium chessmgtonense and Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed
Brasso-Cattleya Vesta (B. glauca x C. Perci- Cypripedium Euphrasia (Leeanum x Pyra-
valiana). The singular Masdevallia triangu- mus), an excellent flower Odontoglossum ;

lariswas represented by two large specimens eximium of good shape and richly coloured
carrying numerous flowers, and there were with reddish-purple ; also Cymbidium Floryi
good forms of Ljelia Gouldiana. (grandiflorum x eburneo-Lowianum), with a
Messrs. Sander and Sons, .St. Albans, spike of seven greenish flowers.
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Tw\-ford,
exhibit containing the elegant Coelogyne exhibited an excellent form of Cattleya
Mooreana, the scarce Cattleya Percivaliana Maggie Raphael alba, and the interesting
alba, Coelogyne lentiginosa, Laelio-Cattleya Odontoglossum Fletcherianum, of very dark
Trimyra, of bright orange-yellow colour. colour.
 ;

I20 THE ORCHID WORLD. [February, 1915-

MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. January /th, 1915.

Members of the Committee present Rev.

December i/th, 1914.
J. Crombleholme (in the chair),
Messrs. R.
A Gold Medal was awarded to O. O. Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans,
Wrigley, Esq., Bury, for a very fine group of A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C.
about 1 50 plants, Cypripediums being well Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A.
represented, while Laelia anceps and L. Ward and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Gouldiana were in prominent positions. A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R.
Large Medals were granted to R.
Silver Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, for an excellent
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch Z. A. Ward,
;
exhibit of Odontoglossums and Cypripediums.
Esq., Northenden and Messrs. A. J. Keeling
;
Silver Medals were granted to Mrs. le
and Sons, Bradford. Doux, West Derby Rev. J. Crombleholme,
;

Silver Medals were awarded to Wm. Clayton-le-Moors F. A. Hindley, Esq., Great

;

Thompson, Esq., Stone Col. J. Rutherford,

;
Horton, Bradford Messrs. Cypher and Sons,
;

M.P., Blackburn Messrs. Sander and Sons,

;
Cheltenham and Messrs. Sander and Sons.
;

St. Albans and Messrs. Cypher and Sons,

;
A Bronze Medal was awarded to Mr.
Cheltenham. A Bronze Medal was granted W. Shackleton, Bradford. Other exhibits
to Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby. included Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn ;

the Hon. Robert James, Richmond, Yorks.

First-class Certificates.
H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea Mrs. ;

Cypripedium Vashtii (Adrastus Mariae x Gratrix, Whalley Range Mr. J. Evans,

;

Leeanum giganteum), of excellent shape with Congleton and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and
;

fine dorsal Cypripedium Idina " Lee's var.," Son.s, Bradford.

;

very large with white petals, both from W. R.

Lee, Esq. First-class Certificates.
Odontoglossum Admiral Sturdee (parentage
unknown), almost round flower, with violet Cypripedium Tracyanum var. Lady Evelyn
colour extending over the whole surface, from James (Leeanum Lavertonianum x aureum
Messrs. J. and A. McBean. virginale), a large flower with an attractive
dorsal sepal, from the Hon. Robert James.
Awards of Merit. Cypripedium Lathamianum var. Cardinal
Mercier, a large flower of reddish colour,
Odontoglossum crispum Dr. J. E. Helm,
raised and shown by the Rev. J. Cromble-
Od. eximium var. Zenith, Odontioda Brewii
holme.
var. Rembrandt, and Od. Diana " Ashlands
var.," all from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Awards of Merit.
Odontoglossum princeps (Lawrenceanum x
crispum), Cypripedium Actaeus Palatine, Cyp. Cypripedium Hassallii var. St. Mary, and
Alabaster "Walton Grange " and Cattleya Actasus var.St. Mary, raised and exhibited by

Leda, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. the Rev. J. Crombleholme.

Cypripedium Romulus var. Gratrixias Odontioda Rossendale (Ceres x Charles-
(nitens x insigne Harefield Hall), and Bessie worthii), and Oncidium varicosum var.
(aureum x Antinous), from S. Gratrix, Esq. Buttercup, both from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontoglossum Esthwaite (parentage Cypripedium Richmond, from the Hon.
unknown), from A. R. Handley, Esq. Robert James.
Cymbidium Alexanderi rubellum and
Brasso-Cattleya Eileen, both from Messrs. A. Award of Appreciation.
J. Keeling and Sons.
Cypripedium Grand Duke (parentage Calanthe Jezebel (atrorubens x Wm.
unknown), from the Liverpool Orchid Co. Murray), from the Hon. Robert James.
 NOTES.
Douglas' Journal. — The Journal kept violet blotch on the front lobe of the labellum,
by the celebrated plant collector, David while the other has beautiful bright purple
Douglas, during" his expeditions for the Royal segments that are broad like those of Rubens,
Horticultural Society in North America, but which have the habit of Fabia.
1 823- 1 827, has at last been published.
Although Douglas mentions the discovery of U U
several Orchidaceous plants, the following
note IS also of interest :
— " Among those I MiLTONIAS. — Fine flowers of good sub-
became acquainted with was William Har- stance can never be produced unless the plant
rison, of Liverpool, a brother of Arnold IS full of vigour and the bulbs adequately
Harrison (after whose wife Cattleya Harri- supplied with reserve food material. No
sonias was named), who is fond of plants and plants prove this statement more than
birds and has introduced many interesting Miltonias of the vexillaria and Roezlii section.
plants to the Botanic Garden of Liverpool ;
From the Westonbirt collection Mr. H. G.
he has a garden with a collection of
fine Alexander sends an excellent example of M.
African, European and indigenous plants. Bleuana (vexillaria x Rrezlii), with large
On an old wall were about seventy species of flowers of a fleshy nature, and showing what
Epidendrum and Orchideae m general on a really useful plants Miltonias are when grown
southern aspect, only the branch or stump on to a high state of perfection. M. Bleuana is
which the plant originally grew was nailed on one of the few instances in which the inter-
the wall without any earth, many of them crossing of two species produces flowers larger
thriving luxuriantly." than those of either parent. Mr. Alexander
also sends a spike of M. Sanderse, which
U 1^ obtained a First-class Certificate, R.H.S.,
July 1st, 191 3, when shown by Messrs. Sander

LTnexpected Albinism. — The production and Sons. This is an excellent variety, m

of albino flowers is always associated with a which good cultivation has brought out m
certain amount of interest, for although prominent style the rosy ground colour and
success IS not always achieved, even when the rich crimson blotch at the base of the
pure white parents are used, there are labellum.
occasions when albinos appear quite ^ H
unexpectedly from the intercrossing of fully
coloured parents. A recent instance has Yellow Orchids.— Considerable interest
occurred in Laslio-Cattleya Firenze, a new has always been taken m the production of
hybrid by Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites
raised yellow-flowering hybrids, not only on account
between Fabia (aurea x labiata) and L.-C.
C. of their comparative rarity, but more
Rubens (pumila x Hardyana), both being especially for their great attractiveness and
coloured flowers. So -far two seedlings have consequent value from a decorative point of.
flowered, one has pure white segments with a view. One of the brightest of the golden-

VOL. V. 16
122 THE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915.

yellow coloured hybrids that it has been our coloration. Cypripedium insigne comprises a
pleasure to receive comes from Mr. O. O. fine batch of plants, the varieties, of which
Wrigley's collection at Bury. It is Laelio- there are more than thirty, including King
Cattleya Goldie Locks, a cross between L. Edward VII., the majestic Harefield Hall, and
Cowanii and C. Harnsoniana, which carries a one larger than this bearing the name J. Julius
stout and erect spike of 14 flowers, each Roehrs, while among forms are
the albino
slightly more than 3 inches across, and of a Laura Kimball, of a clear buff-yellow, and the
glistening golden-yellow colour, not a spot of elegant Sanderae. The very distinct C.
any other colour being \isible. A yellow- Rothschildianum is well grown, and the same
coloured Odontoglossum is also sent by Mr. may be said of C. Stonei, now very rarely
E. Rogers, from the same collection. The seen. There is also an interesting variety of
yellow pigment is no doubt derived from Curtisii, besides unique forms of other species,
Hunnewellianum, a small growing species some of which have been divided into a
inhabiting certain districts where O. crispum number of healthy and well-rooted pieces.
is also found. The two species have yielded Several of the plants are in 1 2-inch pots, which
a natural hybrid known as Adrianas, and this, will give some idea of the vigorous manner in

when iigam worked through crispum, probably which Gypripediums are cultivated by Mr.
more than once, has yielded the above result. Golin B. Ogston in the Kimball conservatories.

U ^
*J 1^ ^
MiLTONIA WaRSCEWICZII. — From the
Orchids at Rochester, New York, collection of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bridge Hall,
—
U.S.A. The collection of Orchids owned by Bury, comes an excellent spike and variety of
Mrs. William Kimball has long been
S. this species, which Mr. E. Rogers cultivates
celebrated for its specimen plants and the with considerable success. According to
wide range of varieties which it contains. Reichenbach, it was the botanist Pceppig who
Among the Cattleyas are some excellent first detected it in 1830 on the Peruvian
specimens of C. Bowringiana which on last Andes, near Guchiro. It was next found by
flowering carried from 15 to 20 spikes, some the Polish traveller and collector, Warscewicz,
of the blooms being of a pure light rose who brought to Europe dried specimens from
colour, while others were of a light mauve which the plant was first described, and the
tint. C. Trianae embraces many blue-lipped species was accordingly dedicated to him. It
varieties, some of them being unique, while was introduced to European gardens by
C. Gaskelliana alba is represented by about Linden in 1868, through Wallis, probably
twenty-five strong plants. Brasso-Cattleyas from Golombia, in which country it had been
and Laslio-Cattleyas are also cultivated with detected by Purdie many years previously.
considerable success. It is among the .Subsequently it was found by Messrs. Veitch's
Cypripediums, both species and hybrids, that collector, Burke, growing on small trees and
the largest number of varieties can be seen. shrubs close to the ground and on moss-
There is a very fine variety of Maudise, known covered stones at an elevation of 2,000-3,000
as ne plus ultra, also the well-known Beryl feet, near the Rio Verde, in the province of
" West Point var.," Curtmannii, Priam (insigne Antioquia. A plant exhibited at the Royal
X Niobe), fulshawense, J. Howes (villosum x Horticultural Society in October, 1869, was
nitens), a large flower,Euryades splendens, probably the first that flowered in England.
the brightly coloured aureum surprise. Harle- This species has also been recorded under the
quin, with a curious colour arrangement, Mrs. names Miltonia fuscatum and M. Weltonii.
Gary Batten, Minos Youngii, of excellent On account of the panicled inflorescence, a
shape, Prospero majus, Thalia " Mrs. F. genus Miltonia, hybridists
rare instance in the
Wellesley," Thompsonii, an attracti\ e flower, have made much use of it in the production
and triuni])hans, a well-built flower of rich of attractive hybrids.
M.'u'ch. 1915.1 'I'llI-: ORCMIID WORLD. 123

Ornithocephalus grandiflorus.

Ornithocephalus grandiflorus. — It 1he insect's head would be when visiting the

has often been remarked that the smaller the flower — but placed near the end of the
flower so much the more remarkable is its labellum furthest from the column. Exactly
structure. O. grandiflorus is no exception to how fertilisation is accomplished is by no
the rule indeed, it is one of the most curious.
;
means certain. The plant is dwarf growing,
The genus was formed by Hooker, and the and produces scapes from the axils of the
specific name applied by Lindley. It is leaves. The flowers, which measure about
commonly known as the " Bird's Head 5 inch across, are white, each segment having

Orchid " by reason of the long tail-like gland an emerald-green blotch at its base. This
attached to the pollen masses. No satisfactory species was originally discovered by Gardner
decision has ever been given regarding this on the Organ Mountains in southern Brazil in
unusually extended organ. In Cattleyas the 1837, and was described by Dr. Lindley
usual size of the caudicle connecting the shortly afterwards from Gardner's herbarium
actual pollen grains with the viscid gland is specimen. Nothing more appears to have
rarely more than an eighth of an inch in been seen of it till 1882, when fresh specimens
length, but in the subject of this note, which for identification were sejit to Reichenbach
is a very much smaller flower, it is fully half by M. Witte, curator of the University Botanic
an inch long, while the position of the gland Garden at Leyden, and about the same time
is not where one would expect it just where — by M. Liiddemann at Paris. Two years later
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915.

Cypripedium bellatulum, in the collection of J. J. Neale, Esq., Lynwood. Penarth.

it was figured in La Bclgiqne Horticole, and they do in the spring.

as The specimen
described by M. Morren from a plant in the forming the subject of our illustration yielded
Botanic Garden at Brussels. 14 blooms, although only 12 were open when
the photograph was taken. These plants are
grown in a warm and moist house, and just
over a water tank, in company with other
Cypripedium bellatulum. — Remarkable warmth-loving Cypripediums. The compost
success has been obtained in the cultivation consists of local rock, broken in fine pieces,
of Cypripediums bellatulum and niveum and mixed with fibrous loam, to which some
m the collection of Mr. J. J. Neale, old mortar rubble is added on account of the
;

Lynwood, Penarth, an enthusiastic amateur fact that this species is frequently discovered
who possesses an interesting assemblage growing in situations where lime is present,
of Orchids contained in eight houses. the practice of occasionally using lime water
Our illustration of C. bellatulum, repro- to moisten the compost is found to be
duced from a photograph taken by Miss beneficial. The plants look a picture of good
Muriel Neale, shows an excellent plant, health, and, notwithstanding the apparent
one of several pieces which, when imported strain imposed upon them by carrying so
in March, 1907, only required 3-inch pots; many flowers, show not the slightest sign of
the following year they were placed in deterioration. It is pleasing to add that Mr.

5-inch pots, and so rapidly did they grow that Haddon, who has had charge of the collection
in igio pots having a diameter of 8 inches during the past ten years, reaps almost equal
were necessary for their accommodation. success with man\- other species and hybrids,
These plants always bloom twice yearly, but the whole collection being in an excellent
never produce so many flowers in the autumn condition of good health.
March, 1915-] TMI<: ORCrill) WORM).

An Orchid Exchange. — We have petals, measuring over inches in breadth,

received the following letter from an amateur are tinged and veined with reddish-brown. It
cultivator of Orchids residing in the south of is one of this year's seedlings and has alrcad)-
England :
— " How
amateurs do notis it received an Award of Meritirom the
advertise Orchids for sale in your publication ? Manchester Orchid Society. The bright and
All the papers devoted to livestock and rich coloration of all the above flow(Ts is
gardening do so, and it would put small largely due to Mr. J. Howes' cultural skill.

growers in touch with one another. Take my

case, I only grow Orchids in a small way, as ?(| ^JE i$

I cannot afford to do otherwise, and now and

again I buy an expensive variety and divide Assistance for Belgians.— At the

it and wish to dispose of half the plant, but

meeting of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee,
am unable to do so as I know of no one to Feb. lOth, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.,
sell it to. If I make known my wants in your
thought something should be done by
columns perhaps I should hear from someone Orchidists to aid Belgian horticulturists who
who wanted this particular variety." We have sustained losses during the war, and he
believe something similar to the above suggested that owners of collections would be
suggestion was attempted a few years ago, only too pleased to contribute plants towards
but failed to receive the anticipated support. a sale, the proceeds of which would materially
Any means by which collections can be help the scheme. Although he believed the
enlarged by the distribution of rare and R.H.S. Council were also considering the

beautiful plants certainly deserves to succeed, matter of relief, he did not think it would be
and we are quite willing to give every of the nature now proposed. Sir Jeremiah

assistance to the scheme. On this account we added that the trade had to be considered,
shallbe glad if other amateurs will make and as many members of it had already
known their views on the matter. contributed in more ways than one he did not
wish to suggest anything that might interfere
sjS SiS with their commercial affairs, still, he thought
any widely advertised sale of Orchids for such
Orchids from Walton Grange. — From a deserving cause would attract other horti-
the well-known collection of Mr. W. culturists who were not at present Orchid
Thompson we have received a selection of amateurs, and that thereby the sphere of
beautiful hybrid Odontoglossums, of which interest might be considerably increased to
the one known as Walton Gem may be the benefit of one and all. Mr. J. Gurney
selected on account of the large orbicular Fowler heartily approved of the kindly feeling
petals with their bright purple colour, and the and suggestion, but thought that no hurried
pleasing manner in which all the segments judgment s'hould be arrived at, and on that
are margined with a pure white band. O. account asked those present to carefully
amabile Thompsonianum is well worthy of its consider the matter before the next meeting,
owner's name, the broad segments being when no doubt a suitable scheme could be
richly marked with reddish-purple ; it has adopted.
received an Award Merit, Manchester
of ^5:

Orchid Society. O. Walton Ruby has

obtained a similar award, and is of con- Oncidium PATULUM. —The February issue
siderable promise ; the small bulb carried a of the Orchid Rcinew contains a note by Mr.
spike of 12 flowers, the sepals scarlet-rcd, the R. Rolfe that the plant described and
A.
petals ruby-red. Cypripedium Mrs. Arkle is figured under this name by Dr. Schlechter
particularly fine ; the almost circular dorsal {Orchis, viii., p. 18) is identical with O. nanuni:
sepal is 2'1 inches across, of emerald-green, a by Messrs. Loddiges
species flowered in
neatly spotted and bordered with white ; the 1842, and described by Lindley.

VOL. V. 17
12b THK ORCHID WORLD. [March, 191 5.

THE COLOURS OF FLOWERS. chromogen and the oxidising agent. Thus

we can understand how the light, heat and

ALTHOUGH a vast amount of informa- moisture of one season has its effect on the
tion been obtained concerning
has flowers produced during the following season.
^ the many physiological problems of Close observation of many coloured flowers
plant life, that relating more especially to the will detect a beautiful system of venation,

formation of colour in flowers has remained which is usually of a richer or darker colour
somewhat m
the background. This is mainly than the general substance of the flower.
on account of the difficulties encountered m Until recently these have been held
veins
investigating the minute quantities that are responsible as the means by which the colour
oftentimes sufficient to form an intense pigment is brought up from the plant and
pigment, and the factors that may completel)- diffused over the flower. Dr. Keeble, however,
change the colour of the whole flower or any does not entirely hold with this view, but
particular section. Colour production is a believes the veins pour out some material
bye-product of the great utilitarian process of necessary for the process of coloration, and
life. without which the chromogen, the mother
The different colours of flowers are due to of pigment, is unable to make further
the varying colour of the cell sap, to the development.
different distribution of the cells containing Many coloured flowers have white patches
the coloured cell sap, and also to the various where there are present both chromogen and
combinations of dissolved colouring matter its oxidising agent, but which fail to produce

with the yellow, orange or red chromoplasts colour owing to the presence in the sap of a
and the green chloroplasts. The sap pigments third substance having an inhibiting or
may range from blue to red, but the plast paralysing effect on the process of oxidation.
pigments are never blue, their colour ranging While there are some flowers which are
from bright yellow to bright red. true albinos solely because they entirely lack
At the meeting of the Scientific Committee chromogen, the mother of pigment, and so are
of the Royal Horticultural Society, Feb. 2nd, unable to make colour, there are others that
191 5, Dr. F. Keeble, F.R.S., in giving an owe their pure whiteness to the counteracting
account of the chemistry of flower colours, or paralysing factor, which, so long as it

showed, by means of various experiments, how remains, will always prevent the formation of
the sap colours, viz., blue, red, magenta and colour in any seedlings that may be obtained
junk, may be produced. Colourless bodies, hy the use of such jilaiits as parents.
called chromogens, are lij^eratedfrom the
living substance of the plant, and these when
united with oxygen form various pigments.
ODONTOGLOSSUM
Coloration is an oxidation phenomenon. EDWARDIMIUM.
An important factor is the rate and extent Another addition to the already long series
of the oxidation, this depending upon the of Edwardii crosses has been made by Messrs.
constitution of the cells situated m various Armstrong and Brown, whose success at
parts of the flower. Delay in development present is astonishing and most pleasing.
frequently occurs, which suggests a reason It is described accurately by calling it a
why some flowers do not always assume their glorified Edwardii, of intense deep purple,
normal colour, but stop, as it were, in an with lighter margins to the sepals and petals,
unfinished condition. Richly coloured blooms the colour being the same both back and front.
generally result after a period of suitable The lip, column and ovary are all exactly
growing conditions, while the production of the same colour, the anther cap being white.
whitish flowers on young or starved plants, The only things wanting are size and a
which yield coloured ones under normal good lip.
conditions, is probabl\- due to lack of B. Craix'shay, Roscficld , l-'cb. Sth, igiS-
March, 1915-] THE ORCHID WORLD. 127

HABITATS OF ORCHIDS. rocks and small deciduous trees, fully

exposed to the sun, at an altitude of 3,000-
order to obtain satisfactory results when 4,000 feet.
IN orowing Orchids under artificial con- Aerides crassifolium and other species
ditions it is very helpful and, indeed, grow on trees, with slight shade, and at an
almost a necessity to procure details of the elevation of 2,500 feet. Saccolabium guttatum

climate and conditions under which they grow is described as very scarce, the few speci-
in their natural abode. On this account the mens seen were growing on trees, near
following (ietails from letters v/ritten by streams, at an elevation of 2,500 feet.

David Burke when collecting m Burma for
Messrs. Veitch and Sons will prove of value.
Of Vanda Amesiana and Kimballiana he
remarks : —
They grow mostly on rocks,
sometimes on trees, at an altitude of 4,000-
S. giganteum was discovered in the plains.
Cypripedium hirsutissimum is plentiful and
grows on rocks, with but little soil, at an
elevation of 3,500-4,000 feet. Cypripedium
Parishii is found at varying altitudes in the ;

5,000 feet, ver)' slight shade, sometimes full lowest situation it is found on trees, but as
sun. Flowers are produced very freely m higher ground is reached this plant is dis-
December and January. In the cold season covered growing gradually nearer the earth,
the maximum temperature is 65, minimum until at its highest limit it is found actually

about 31 ; ground is quite

oftentimes the on the rocky soil, where it grows much freer
white and sometimes icicles form in the than when on trees.
morning, from four to six being the coldest At 3,500 feet there is a frost every night
time. Sometimes the plants are completely for about two months, notwithstanding which
shrivelled, as the dew is not so heavy as that certain Orchids flourish.
formed in countries close to the equator.
In the Southern Shan States Vanda
coerulea grows at an altitude of 4,500 feet, with
very slight shade, and is more often found A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID
on bare rocks than on trees. In the month GROWING.
of June I saw V. coerulea, V. Kimballiana,
Cypripedium bellatulum, Dendrobium crystal- AN APPRECIATION.
hnum, a Bulbophyllum species, and a Thunia,
probably Bensonis, all growing together on REFERRING to the appeals and the
one small precipice. Cypripedium bellatulum awakened interest for a more
grows on the highest points, on exposed rocks, extended culture of these lovely
with very slight shade, and occasional hoar plants, it is a source of gratification to notice
frost at night time. A Cypripedium species the lead taken by Messrs. Armstrong and
grows at an altitude of 6,000 feet, where it Brown, of Tunbridge Wells, who m their
is very cold in winter it must survive 8-10
; advertisement in the current issue of the
degrees Fahr. of frost. Orchid World mvite with every encourage-
Concerning Dendrobiums he writes to the ment the voung amateur and beginner to
effect that D. crassmode grows on small commence the cultivation of Orchids.
deciduous trees, at an elevation of 3,600-4,000 Now although hold no brief for this
I

feet, with hoar frost every morning for a estimable can assure those who
firm, I

period of two months. D. fimbriatum and D. contemplate or desire to grow a few Orchids
Dalhousieanum grow on trees and rocks full}' that they will find there all thcv wish for in
exposed to the sun, at elevations of from m.aking a and at the minimum of
start,
2,000-4.000 feet. D. suavissimum is found expense. few days ago I saw in their
Only a
high up on trees situated in the lower establishment a batch of Cypripediums in
localities, as also is D. crepidatum and D. flower that could not fail to please any
cretaceum. D. Cambridgeanum grows on amateur, plants that a few years ago wpuld
 —

128 'II 11", ORCHID WORM). [March,

have fetched their guineas. This genus is a the necessary atmospheric moisture. Under
very good one to start with, and being of easy each plant stage is a |-inch pipe, extending
culture is more Hkely to lead the amateur on the entire length of the house and provided
to higher spheres ; but such is the rate of at intervals of 3 feet with nozzles from which
progress made m these days of hybrids that issues an effectual spray of water. Each run
it is difficult to know what is select, since all of pipe is connected with a valve on the mam,
are beautiful. so that the whole, or any desired sections,
Of course, one does not expect, nor would may be turned on as occasion requires. By
it be just to our connoisseurs, to anticipate this means a considerable saving in labour is

varieties of first-rate excellence, but I can say effected.

this, that one need h;i\c no hesitation about Another jjomt worthy of note is the ample
obtaining a full return *)f delight and pleasure supply of fresh air given by means of the
for Ins ()utla\'. large ventilators situated exactly above the
It IS to be hoped that now a start has been path. In the United States it is customary,
made there will be a ready response to the probably owing to the better climatic
invitation. The plea for more Orchid growing- conditions there prevailing, to provide much
has been presented, and now the opportunity more light and air than is usually given to
is given to all amateurs to attain that object. plants cultivated in Europe.
Doubtless, other firms will follow in like Some ago Mr. G. E. Baldwin paid
six years
manner, to the mutual advantage of all. a visit to England, when he was much struck
The would-be amateur Orchid grower could by the vast amount of heavy shading used on
not do better than read, mark and learn how Orchid houses, even the north sides receiving
much success can be obtained by perusing Mr. far more than he considered beneficial. On
Clement's remarks in the last issue, also those discussing this subject with several growers
of Mr. Paine in former issues of the ORCHID he found that the English cultivators
World. To all possessors of a greenhouse I considered such treatment absolutely
would say if 3'our desire is genuine, just try
: necessary, owing amount of
to the large
a few plants, and with thoughtful care I intermittent sunshine and the ready manner
venture to predict you will very soon find in which the foliage became burnt.

yourself m the position that well-known Mr. Baldwin was also struck with the
character Oliver Twist found himself on a apparently unnecessary coddling of the
certain occasion
—
" an increased appetite for plants ; whenever he went into an Orchid
more." ~H.. A. Farmer. house there frequently seemed to be an
insufficient supply of fresh air. It is very
interesting to have the opinion of one who
has had such an extensive and successful
ORCHIDS AT MAMARONECK, experience in the cultivation of these plants,
N.Y., U.S.A. for all cultural hints cannot be otherwise than
valuable. In kindly supplying the foregoing

AMONG
an
those
extensive
who cultivate Orchids on
scale in the United
particulars,
to his
Mr. Baldwin pays a
on the eastern side of the
friends
warm tribute

States may be mentioned the firm Atlantic by remarking " I am not trying to
:
—
of Messrs. Geo. E. Baldwin and Co., of give any details to the splendid staff of
Mamaroneck, N.Y. Our illustration shows Orchid growers in England, for. without
the interior of one of their immense houses, doubt, they know more about Orchids than
which has a length of 125 feet and a width of T do."
50 feet, and contains the astonishing number
of 20,000 plants.
One of the interesting features in these Chelsea Show. — This imoortant event
houses is the method employed to maintain will be held May i8th, igth and 20th, 1915.
'3° THE ORCHID WORT.D [March, 1915.

Callleya Triane "Lord Kitchener.'^

A magnificeni variety of this Colombian species in the collection of
C. /. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Seoenoal^s.
M ;i roll , 1
9 ' 5 •
]
11 1 1-: ORCHID WORLD. 13«

Saccolabium bellinum.

SaCCOLABIUM bellinum. During the — NEW HYBRIDS.

months of February and March this elegant
species is seen at its best, its decurved 0D()NT0GL0SSU^( PRIMULINUM. This is —
peduncles lasting some time in perfection. the result of crossing Wilckeanum (luteopur-
The oblong sepals and petals are yellow, pureum x crispum) and excellens (triumphans
blotched with blackish-purple ; the saccate X both parents being natural
Pescatorei),
lip is fleshy, white with mauve-purple spots ; hybrids have long been knov/n to
that
the column very short. It was discovered in Odontoglossum fanciers. The combination of
1873 by Boxall in Burmah, and introduced by the two yellow speciesm company with the
Messrs. Low and Co. fairly high tempera- A two whites has yielded a large flower with
ture is required in order to secure the best broad segments of primrose-yellow colour,
results. from which the specific name is derived.
P ^ 1?^ Raised m the collection of Mr. F. J. Hanbury,
Brockhurst, East Grinstead.
Royal Orchids.— On the occasion of the —
Odontioda Simone. Messrs. Flory and
vibit of H.I.H. Princess Napoleon (liee Black heive raised this attractive hybrid
Princess Clementine of Belgium) to Chelten- between Oda. Bradshawias and 0dm. Vuyl-
ham to patronise a concert arranged in aid stekei, the flowers being yellowish and almost
of the Disabled Belgian Soldiers' Home, covered with chocolate-red markings.
Messrs. Cypher and Sons decorated the Royal —
Cymbidium Castor. Another addition to
Box with a magnificent bouquet of Orchids. this pleasing genus has been made by Messrs.
The flowers included white varieties of Laslia Sander and Sons, who Iiave produced several
anceos, select Calanthes, various new hybrids pretty varieties by crossing insigne with
and Cattleya Trianae " King of the Belgians." Woodhamsianum.
At the close of the concert the Princess L^lio-Cattleya Robertson!.*:. The —
graciously accepted the' bouquet at the hands parents of this hybrid are C.
interesting
of Mr. John Cypher, and transferred the Maggie Raphael and L.-C. luminosa. Raised
last-named specimen to her corsage. by Messrs. Sander and Sons.
132 THE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915.

Odontoglossum Dunkerque. — Thomp- Sophro-Cattleya Andromeda. — Messrs.

sonianum and Harryanum are the parents of J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, are the
this richly coloured hybrid which has recently raisers of this pretty hybrid between S.
been raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. grandiflora and C. Octave Doin. Flower of
Odontioda Vivid. — One of the richest rose-scarlet, the open throat yellow.
coloured Odontiodas, the parents being C. Cymbidium Butterfly. — The result of
Noezliana and O. illustrissimum, yielding a crossing Lowio-grandiflorum with insigne.
many-flowered branching spike of glowing Polhnation was effected March 3rd, 1910, the
blood-red flowers. Recently exhibited by seed sown February 2nd, 1911, and in the
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler. eight plants which have recently flowered
L/ELIO-CaTTLEYA FiRENZE. — Two very there is considerable variation, some taking
interesting results have already appeared m after one parental species, while others
this hybrid between C. Fabia and L.-C. resemble more closely another or a combina-
Rubens, both parents being coloured varieties. tion. Raised by Mr. H. G. Alexander in the
The first is a pure white flower having a violet Westonbirt collection.
blotch on the front lobe of the labellum, while L.^;lio-Cattleya Tydeus. A very —
the second has beautiful bright purple pretty hybrid resulting from the use of C.
segments that are broad, like those of Rubens Trian^ and L.-C. Ernestii, the petals being
(L. pumila x C. Hardyana), but which have flushed with rose-purple at their tips, the
the habit of Fabia. Raised m the collection labellum dark crimson. Raised by Messrs.
of Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Streatham. Armstrong and Brown.
L^LlA Tendiana. — The specific name of L^LIO-Cattleya Jonyra. The result of —
this attractive hybrid is derived from those of crossing L. Jongheana and Laslio-Cattleya
its parents — tenebrosa and Diana (Dayana x Myra, yielding a rose-pmk flower, the throat
purpurata), the effect of tenebrosa giving a yellow. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and
bronzy tint to the purple colour. Raised by Brown.
Mr. Eustace Clark, Evershot, Dorset.
Cattleya Camilla. — An attractive flower
resulting from the use of chocoensis alba and
Warneri alba ; the broad petals partake of the
habit of the former parent and are pure white, as
also are the sepals; the labellum slightly tinged
with rose. Raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle m the
Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, York.
L/ELio-Cattleya Czarina. — The parents
of this pleasing hybrid are L.-C. Haroldiana
(tenebrosa x Hardyana) and C. Iris (bicolor x
aurea), yielding a large flower of buff-yellow
colour, the labellum magenta-purple, the
throat lined with golden-yellow. Raised m
the collection of Mr. W. H. St. Oumtm,
Scampston Hall, Rillington, York.
L^lio-Cattleya AURATA.— The result
of crossing L.-C. Lydia (Cowanii x Gaskel-
liana) with L.-C. Golden Oriole (aurea x
Charlesworthii), and yielding a wide flower of
bright golden-yellow colour, which will no
doubt improve as the seedhng gams in
strength. Raised in the collection of Mr. F.
J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East Grinstead. Dendrobium Brymerianum.
Maxillaria Sanderiana.
 ;

134 THE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915-

VANDA TERES. plants may grow well when placed in a

Cattleya or warmer house, they do not
long ago as 1838 Vanda teres was produce flower-buds unless the stems are
SO regarded as one of the finest plants thoroughly ripened by prolonged exposure to
known to horticulturists, so much so the sun's rays only during the hottest period
;

that we find Sir Joseph Paxton beginning his of the summer is any shading required, and
description of in the following impressive then during the middle part of the day for a
style:
— "It it

may safely be asserted that period of two or three hours. A temperature

Orchidaceous epiphytes are the most of 100 degrees does not appear to be harmful,
exquisitely beautiful of all Nature's produc- although above this it is advisable to admit
tions. Rich in every shade or variet}' of air freely in order to prevent burning of the
colour, airy and fantastic, but always elegant leaves. The minimum
winter temperature is
in habit, replete beyond description with about 60 d egrees, and that of the summer
every charm that can allure the senses or months about 70 degrees.
enchant the mind, they totally eclipse all the A good method of dealing with the plants
old inhabitants of our stoves, and moreover is wide pan, in which an
to place several in a
present m their number and variety a field of ample supply of drainage material is used, the
research to the botanical student and the upper part being filled with hving spheignum
enquiring cultivator which, from the compara- moss. During the growing season the plants
tiveh' little knowledge of them we yet possess, should be frequAitly syringed, always taking
appears really illimitable." care that water of nearly the same tempera-
Vanda teres is widely distributed over ture of the house is used. This Vanda has
north-east India, Assam and Upper Burmah. been grown very well when placed at the
It is always found in the hot plains and sunny end of a span-roofed house, where it
valleys scrambling over the branches of the can obtain the full benefit of the sun m this ;

largest treesand exposed to the full glare of case some means must be used to prevent the
the sun. It was first detected by Dr. Wallich other occupants of the house from getting an
in Sylhet early in the nineteenth century, and excess of sunlight, or unexpected damage
living plants were brought home by him to may result.

England about the year 1829. Among the

first to bloom were those in the gardens of

the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House, Maxillaria Sanderiaxa.— This elegant

and it is recorded that the flowers were cut species, undoubtedly the finest of the genus,
and presented to Princess Victoria. was discovered by Edward Klaboch when
The terete stems are as thick as an ordinary travelling in Peru on an Orchid collecting
writing pencil, several feet long, and carry expedition for Messrs. Sander and Sons. It
leaves, from 4 to 5 inches in length, that are was found on the mountains at an elevation
similar m
formation to it. The flowers are of 4,000 feet, hence it must be regarded as a
3 to 4 inches in diameter, borne on whitish cool-house plant. Some of the earliest plants
pedicels that are ribbed and twisted sepals ; to be imported passed into the collection of
and petals pale rose-purple ; the labellum Baron Schroder, who had the honour of first
three-lobed; the side lobes roundish, convolute flowering this species when under cultivation,
over the column, tawn\'-yellow with bands of and exhibiting it at the Orchid Conference
red spots on the inner side the front lobe ; held at South Kensington in ^Nlay, 1885, when
with a broad claw and obcordate blade deeply a First-class Certificate was awarded. The
cleft at the apex, and of rose-purple colour sepals and petals are milk-white spotted with
?pur compressed
funnel-shaped, laterally ; sanguineous red the lip fleshy, three-lobed,
;

column white, anther beaked. ivory-white with some sanguineous stains on

In order to flower this species successfulh- the side lobes column deep red above, w^hite
;

special treatment is required, for although the spotted with red-purple below the stigma.
 I

THE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915.

EARLY REMINISCENCES OF There is something in it after all, I thought,

and where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be
ORCHID GROWING. wise. I set about looking up the lots I was
told to purchase, not omitting to see if there
AREQl'EST by a friend interested in were any better than those marked off. The
this fascinating hobby to relate a few sale commenced and shillings and guineas
early recollections on this subject is seemed to flow freeh-, which relieved my mind
one which I feel some difficulty in expressing greatly. Eventually I completed my purchase
m a manner worthy of the ORrnil) WORLD. and exhausted the ;^io within a few shillings,
I wish to avoid anything of the nature of an gathered together the dcbrix, packed them
autobiography, but I fear I cannot escape it,
into a parcel and wended my way back to the
so will do my best. warehouse.
The period I am now referring to dates 1 had great misgivings as to the outcome of

back to the late seventies, and the circum- what I thought " a wild goose chase," and
stances here recorded are as vivid in my prepared myself for a reprimand of no mean
recollection as were but \ esterday. Being
if it order. Determined to make my case as good
very fond of flowers I was never so happy as as possible 1 entered the private office of
when amongst them. A buttonhole was a Mr. with an apology on my lips, first
weakness, were it the humble mangold or looking round for the most easy means of
modest mignonette, especially if of my own exit. " I am very sorry, sir, but " " What,
cultivation. M)- employer soon discovered my haven't you got the plants ?" " Yes, sir, but
proclivities, which in after years developed the\' are all dead." How
scanned his face
I

into a strong attachment between us in a to see the result, but I detected a merry
marked degree. One day he came into my twinkle in his eyes. " Let's look at them," and
office and asked me how my work stood. after a keen examination he said " They are :

" Everything is in order, sir," I replied. " Very

very nice," and with a pat on my back
well, then, I want you to do a little thing for complimented me on the purchase. How
me I want you to go to .Stevens, King
;
thankful I felt that I had unconsciously
Street, Covent Garden, and buy the lots I pleased my employer, and, moreover, it was
have marked off here is the catalogue and
;
not the only parcel of Orchids that I had the
;^"lo. Lay it out to the best of your ability." pleasure of buj'ing for him. After directing
On perusing the catalogue 1 saw it described me to take the plants to his house, with
a sale of imported Orchids. Orchids — instructions them to the head
to give
—
thought what are they and what does it gardener, I was
be sure to ask for some
to
mean ? The\- might have been wild animals tea, which I heartily enjoyed, and to finish
or limbo for all I knew, except there was the day with a good look round the garden
some reference to them being plants. I was and houses. In pausing, I might say I
rather doubtful as to the outcome of m\- distinctl)' remember the first lot of Orchids I
errand, and my doubts increased still further bought for Mr. which comprised
,

when, on reaching the sale room, I saw Cattleyas, La^lias, Dendrobiums and Odonto-
scarcely anything but a lot of dried, withered, glossum crispums. What a revelation it was
dead looking stuff that had some resemblance for me to go through the Orchid houses, how
to vegetation of a remote period. I am in I revelled in the heat of some of them, the
for trouble, I thought my employer will not
; wondrous beauty of the flowers, the colours,
thank me for buying him a lot of rubbish. shapes and odd looking plants I had never ;

\\'hat am I to do ? There was not time to go seen anything like them or even thought such
back and tell him. I looked around to see plants existed.
what other folks were doing and noticed they Of course, I eulogised my visit to my
seemed to be handling the subjects rather employer and related my joy at the privilege
tenderly and with the air of a connoisseur. of seeing such wonderful things. After that
March, i<)iS-] 'I'lTI': ORCini) WORM). 137

Orchids became a mutual topic between us, night was ratlier limited, my only thoughts
not forgetting, of course, my him
position to l)eing for my
was fortunate in
plants. 1

as a servant. His kindly nature was always having a fairly good-sized house, a home-
ready to give others pleasure in the hobby, made structure, which took many months to
which at that period was only possible to complete. A division was soon made to
those who possessed the means. Often, in accommodate those varieties requiring more
after years, he came into my office and called heat than others. Staging the plants m their
out "Orchid," for that was the nickname he xarious positions was soon accomplished, and
gave me, "how does your work stand?" when charming
finished they certainly looked
" So-and-so, su-." " Oh, well, let Mr. with few good-sized ferns arranged with
a

finish that, put on your hat and coat, and them, idle means of heating the two du isioiis

jump into my brougham, and we will have an had already been given me, so there was no
hour or two in the garden. We were soon anxiety on that score. The means whereby
bowling along through H)'de Park westwards to obtain the necessary atmospheric moisture
to the one spot I always had my eye on. were soon applied in various ways, having
Many hours of happy memory have I spent noticed the methods used in another collection,
there. especially the double staging, which was
My thirst for more knowledge of Orchids copied as nearly as possible.
increased, and Gardens saw me a
Kew My plants flourished to a certain extent and
frequent visitor, where it was m the Orchid gave a great deal of pleasure, considering the
houses that I mostly found myself. As I limited time available to attend to their wants,
knew, or thought, that growing these aristo- but nevertheless I had some very satisfying
crats of the floral world would never come results. I well remember a specimen
within my reach, I could at least read and Denclrobium nobile, m a very large pot, with
learn about them. Accordingly, when means many growths, which flowered more by good
allowed it, I bought "Williams' Orchid luck than cultural judgment. However, the
Manual," also " Burbidge's Cool Orchids and treatment suited it and one Spring gave me in
how to grow them," books which stood me m return 200 blooms it was a fine sight and
;

good stead in after years. Orchids grew m the admiration of all who saw it. I never had
m
my heart if they did not my houses, but a near so many blooms afterwards. Another
consummation of my desire came sooner than Orchid that flowered well in the early eighties
ever I dreamt of. One day, when m the was Oncidium leucochilum, which threw up a
garden of Mr. he said to me, " Orchid,
,
spike with several side branches and bearing
would you like to grow some of these plants ?" over 50 blooms. It was magnificent and, to
" I should indeed, sir, but that is more than I my mind, a lovely thing, not to be despised
can ever expect to do." " Well," he said, even m these days of hybrids. How is it we
" only look after them, and if anything turns do not see much of this Orchid now? 1 was
up interesting let me know." This latter very proud of this plant for the following
event did to the satisfaction of us both, but reason :- I had been exhibiting for a year or
of this later on. two at the annual shows of the Surrey
A
few days afterwards, it seemed weeks, I Floricultural Society, now extinct. The usual
began to think the matter was forgotten, my run of greenhouse plants, viz., coleus, fuchsias,
patience being almost exhausted at not double petunias, tuberous begonias, etc., were
receiving the plants. However, along they great fa\ourites, and perhaps I may be
came in due course. My delight was pardoned for stating that defeat never came
unbounded, to be the actual possessor of a to me in the latter class for over ten years.
collection of Orchids. There were about one Well, this Oncidium was in the pink of
hundred plants of all sorts, Cattleyas, Laelias, perfection at show time, consequently it was
Dendrobiums, Oncidiums, Cypripcdiums (a staged as a specimen plant in bloom. Needless
good few), and various other kind-. Rest that to say, f pulled off the first prize. It was
 !

THE ORCHID \\()KI,1). [March, 1915.

pleasing" to hear the praiseand wonderment I 5 inches in height, much about the length of
bestowed on this plant, for Orchids in those C. tonsum. Not having seen a flower like it
days were few and far between at local shows. I looked up the subject and diagnosed it as
I fancy, too, I can hear now a remark made C. Argus, which turned out correct. I took
by a doubting spectator " I don't believe an : the plant up to show my employer, who was
amateur grew that, it wants a long purse and delighted when told it was probably C. Argus.
hothouses to grow those things." But you see That plant went back there and then to its
he did not know the circumstances. original home, for it turned out to be the only
Time went on with varying success and one of its kind in that collection. I never

failure ;some of my Orchids puzzled me a regretted giving it up, for the loss of the plant
good deal, and do all my little knowledge to me was more
than compensated for,and
allowed a few of them would never respond then knew how delighted Mr.
1 was to
to their treatment, yiarticularly L^eha fur- possess something new to him.
furnacea, an obstinate subject — it not only Happy years followed and m\' love for
refused to go forward, but was persistent in Orchids waxed cold, but rather
never
its retrograde movement until it died. increased, the more I knew about them. I

Miltonia spectabilis troubled me a lot, it well remember a visit to one of the summer
always looked a sickly yellow, partly charac- shows of the Royal Botanic Society, held in
teristic of the species especially if grown in a their grounds at Regent's Park. My wife
strong light, which I learnt afterwards was accompanied me to what was to us a revela-
the chief cause of its yellowish appearance. tion. I had never been to a first-class show

This plant never flowered with me. Miltonia before, and the sight presented has never
Rcezlii I succeeded with, also Lycaste faded from my mind. My employer exhibited
Skinneri, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, O. an undulating bank of Miltonia vexillaria,
gloriosum, and the ever beautiful O. crispum, then known as Odontoglossum vexillarium,
not the true Pacho type though, but forms arranged on a grassy slope in quite a natural
one would scarcely look at now, still, they manner there must have been a couple of
;

satisfied me then. Cypripediums were a hundred blooms of varying shades peculiar to

delight, so easy to grow and so beautiful m this species. I recollect H.R.H. the late
their bloom, especially the old insigne, of Duchess of Teck, mother of our gracious
which I had a good specimen. Queen Mary, viewing with admiration this
One Cypripedium m my collection inter- exhibit, for no doubt it was one of the features
ested me very much on account of its beautiful of the show. It was good, also, to see the

foliage, it was a very small plant in a 60-pot. beam of pleasure on my employer's face.
At thought the flowers would not
that time I These plants were beautifully grown, some
be of much importance, the deficiency being being specimen plants. They always, attracted
made up by the leaf variegation, much after my attention in the house they were grown
the style of a coleus. The plant had been by their pleasant silver\'-grey foliage. If I
growing for about a couple of years when one remember right, Miltonia vexillaria was rather
day, while looking over my pets, I noticed a expensive in those days and much sought
thickening in the heart of a growtli. Hullo after. Doubtless there may be some readers
I remarked, that looks like a flower coming, who can call to mind the occasion.
so that plant received a little more attention Referring to my little collection. After a
than usual. An interval of two weeks time I tried my hand at seed production, and
confirmed my suspicion, it was indeed a flower recollect fertilising Dendrobium nobile with
coming, but, my word I thought the stem
! ils own which resulted in a fine pod of
pollen,
would never cease growing, but " all things seed, but I cannot recall what become of it.
come to him who will but wait," at least, so Cypripediums then came under my operations,
we are taught, and in the plant's own time and one plant in particular produced a fine
the bloom developed on top of a .stem about fat pod with abundance of seed. Not having
 —

March, 191 5.] ini': oRrini) world. 139

the requisite knowledge in raising Orchids following remarks may prove of value to those
from seed I took the pod to a well-known about to start this interesting work: —
collection in those days, situated in Flodden
Road, Cambervvell. The grower told me the
seed was good and promiseil to raise some
plants, in which I hope he was successful, but
it is now some 25 years ago. The owner of
the collection was very kmd ni showing me
the Cypnpeduim house, of which a speciality
was made the plants were some of the finest
;

I had seen, the collection being particularly

rich in the tessellated foliage section, which

Cypripedium Seeds
impressed me very much. (considerably enlarged).
Harking back, I remember being sent
occasionally to the principal establishments
then existing, viz., Messrs. Veitch's, Bull's,
Williams' and Rollisson's, where I usually
managed to obtain a sort of private view, more
or less. Wondrous plants they were to me at
that time. H. A. Fanner, Tunbridge Wells.

SEED RAISING FOR AMATEURS. Selenipedium Seeds

{considerably enlarged).

NEARLY every amateur

few hybrid Orchids, and although
desires to raise
a Cypripediums have generally jDroved to be
some measure of disappointment the easiest to handle, and they form good
may be received when the more difficult subjects upon which to make experiments, for
genera are taken in hand, there is no apparent not only are they to be obtained at a
reason why encouraging results should not be leasonable price, but they reach the flowering
procured with one or more of the easier kinds. stage at a period of about three years, which
There is always a certain amount of interest is a short time when compared with many
attached to home-raised plants, which does other genera. Thereno class of Orchid
is

not arise when they are purchased in a fully that has Vjeen so fully worked upon by the
grown condition. Moreover, there is the hybridist, which indicates that success is by
charm of using favourite varieties as parents, no means difficult to obtain, and that the
with the hope that some, at least, of their results are of a satisfactory nature.
fascinating characteristics may be perpetuated The oldest method, and, indeed, one by
in the offspring. If success is at first obtained which the great majority of plants has been
in a small manner further practice will raised, consists of sowing the ripe seed on the
doubtless ensure better results, although it surface of the compost in which a healthy and
must always be remembered that some genera \igorous i^lant is growing. Now it is not
are much more difficult to manage than others, every pot that will vield successful results,
so it is as well to commence with one that is much depends on the condition of the
most likely to bring success to our efforts and compost, for if it has been in use some time
thereby encourage us to proceed further with and has a sour ajjpearance it is worthless for
the work. The old saying that nothing- our purpose. A good seed-raiser will select a
succeeds like success is very true when pot that contains compost of a clean and
ajiplied to the art of seed raising. The reasonably moist condition ;
nothing in the
 \HE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915-

Development of Cypripedium seedlings from 3 — 12 months.

way of a non-porous or slimy surface can ever nest for a period sufficient to permanently
be expected to brmg about success. Speakin(j arrest thedevelopment of the embryo then no
!4"enerall\-, a plant that has been repotted known can ever replace the former
skill

about two or three months and which has a condition of life. Thus we can understand
certainamount of life still left m the how necessary it is to ensure a continuation

sphagnum moss ofcompost forms a

its of atmospheric conditions suitable to the
suitable subject upon which to sow the seed. minute speck of life situated in a germinating
The rough surface should be trimmed with seed. Sometimes, when the seed has been
scissors in order that a level and uniformly sown about two or three weeks, the attendant
moist material may be obtained. Too much may rum his prospect of success by uncon-
living sphagnum moss may smother the sciously allowing the seeds to remain for a
germinating seeds. few hours in an atmosphere that is sufficiently
Cypripedium seed, like that of many other hot and dry to fatally injure such a minute
genera, extremely light and easily blown
is particle of life, yet he continues for several

away, so a still atmosphere is needed when
sowing IS m progress. After a few hours the
seeds will have absorbed sufficient moisture to
cause them to adhere to minute fragments of
the compost, which can be proved by the use
of a magnifying glass. In order to secure the
most favourable results the pots should be
placed m the warmest portion of the house, if
possible in a frame-like structure covered with
a sheet of glass to prevent too extensive a
ensuing weeks to devote the closest attention,
and onl\- gives up when he has satisfied
himself that the art of seed raising is far
beyond his skill and knowledge of the subject.
Now one can easily understand that if the
atmosphere is kept in a condition of moisture
nearing the saturation point but very little
watering will be required. Such a condition
is rarely obtained, nor, as a matter of fact,
should it be attempted, for fear of producing

change m any conditions

the atmosphere ;
an unhealthy and slimy condition of the
likely to rapidly dry the germinating seeds compost. A
\ ery light spraying of tepid rain

may prove fatal in the course of a few hours.
The amount of moisture and nutritive
material in a single seed is extremely minute,
and if, when germination has once
severe check is received it is
any further progress can be effected. We
may compare these seeds to a sitting" of hen's
eggs, each one of which is supplied with
nutriment to ensure the complete
sufficient
development of a living chick, but should the
mother hen neglect her duty by leaving the
water, applied by means of a scent-spraymg
bottle, IS whenever the surface
necessary
shows the slightest sign of becoming dry.
started, a On some days this w-ill not be required, while
but rarely that on others two or three applications may be
needed. Whenever the whole compost
requires watering it will be found much the
better plan to dip the pot in a pail of water,
only allowing the water to reach half way up
the pot, the remainder will become damp by
absorption.
Mnrrli, 1015.] THE ORCTTII) WORLD.

after about 1 inch oi dramagc material has

been placed 111 the bottom, filling it with
sphagnum moss or light and porous conqxjst.
A piece of thin linen, cheese-cloth or tiffany,
than the pan, is laid on the top
slightly larger
and the edge pressed down between the inner
side of the pan and the compost, using a
potting stick, or similar tool, for the purpose.
The whole mass is then pressed down until a
space of about i below the rim of
inch is left

the pan. Some living sphagnum moss is now

selected, preferably from the pot in which a
vigorous Cypripedium is growing, and after
being cut up in small pieces, or rubbed
Cypripedium Seedling, about 1 8 months old.
through a riddle, is placed on the top of the
The necessity for fungus to ensure linen material and carefully pressed down ;

germination is too advanced a subject to be the depth of this layer should not exceed a
considered in these elementary notes, nor is quarter of an inch, nor is it necessary to place
it, perhaps, worth consideration when an it on the central area. The finished seed-pan
amateur requires only a few dozen plants in will now have the appearance of a green bed

all, which are obtainable from a mere fraction of fine moss, with a central patch of bare
of the immense number of seeds contained in linen material about I inch in diameter. The
a pod. However, we may safely assume that prepared seed-pans should receive a supply of
out of SIX pots selected for our purpose of rain-water, and be left a few days to drain,
seed sowing three, at least, will be furnished after which the seed is sown on the surface
with any necessary fungus, so there is little to and the whole covered with a sheet of glass
be feared in this respect, for if only one pot resting on the rim of the pan. If all goes

yields a crop an ample supply of seedlings well a good crop of seedlings will be visible
will be produced. in a few weeks, the large majority appearing

Supposing every care has been taken in the not on the central area but on the surrounding
aforementioned details the freshly sown seed sphagnum moss.
will soon assume a greenish and swollen Perhaps one of the chief causes of failure
appearance. After a few weeks the first may be traced to insufficient heat, the higher
visible signs of a green leaf will show that the temperature, with its corresponding
success IS being achieved, and, should all go increase of atmospheric moisture, the better
well, root hairs, followed by real roots, will the result.There are, of course, some species
appear from the base of the tiny plant. At of Cypripedium that are accustomed to quite
this stage the young seedlings may be a low temperature, and these will probably

pricked off singly into little pots, or several give good germinative results when similarly
may be placed in a pan or pot, but whichever treated, while there are others that inhabit
is used ample drainage material must be districts noted for their great heat, and which
employed, and care be taken that the compost must therefore be treated accordingly. But
is light and fibrous. With a genial atmosphere in all cases the best results are obtained when
rapid growth is made, and frequent attention a high temperature is maintained, something
will be found necessary to ensure a sufficiency about 65 degrees Fahr., although 75 degrees
of nutritive rooting material. is still better. The secret of successful work
Another method of germinating the seeds, is to get the seedlings up as quickly as
and one which is carried out on a more up-to- possible,and thus shorten, as much as we can,
date principle, consists of selecting a suitable the period when they are most susceptible to
pan, say, one of 4 inches in diameter, and disease and sudden arrest of development
 :

142 THE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL Neomoorea irrorata, CymVjidium insigne, with

8 spikes, Laslio-Cattleya Bella alba, with a
SOCIETY. " Admiral
spike of 6 flowers, Cattleya Trianae
February 2nd, 1915. Enid " Firmin Lambeau
"
Beatty," and C.
Members of the Orchid Committee present
with white sepals and petals and slight rose
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (m the chair), Sir colour on the lip.
Harry J. Veitch, Mr. J. O'Brien (hon. sec),
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge
de B. Crawshay, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, W.
Wells, secured a Silver Flora Medal for an
H. White, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, J. E. ShiU,
extensive group, in which were many fine
W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, W. Cobb, T.
forms of Maggie Raphael alba,
Cattleya
Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart Low, Pantia
various Odontoglossum hybrids, including
Ralli, Gurney Wilson, J. Charlesworth and
Royal Purple and Conqueror, Cypripediums
R. A. Rolfe.
Minos Youngii, Maudia?, lona and Juno,
F.C.C. var., also Cattleya Cliftonii alba, and
Award of Merit.
good Brasso-Cattleyas, as well as Miltonia St.
Andre.
Cattleya Trianfe alba Queen Elizabeth,
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were

—
Pembury. One of the best of the pure white awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an
forms of this species, the broad segments exhibit of interesting species and hybrids,

being of good substance, the labellum well the best being Brasso-Cattleya suljihurea,

dev^eloped and with a crimped margin. Odontonia McNabiana magnifica, with a

many-flowered spike, Cymbidium Gottianum,
General Exhibits. the curious Masdevallia trinasma, Epidendrum
polybulbon, Gomesa planifolia, with greenish-

Gurney Fowler, Esq., exhibited the new yellow flowers, and a good selection of
J.
Odontioda Vivid (C. Noezliana x O. illustris- Cypripediums.
simum) of rich red colour, Odontioda Joan, Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham,
with red markings on a )'ellow ground, and secured a SilverBanksian Medal for an
S.-L.-C. Sybil, a pleasing variety of dark excellent exhibit of Cypripediums, including
crimson colour. a specially form of Maudias.
fine Other
Baron Bruno Schroder, Englefield Green, Orchids Calanthes
included in variety,

showed a fine spike of Cymbidium Pauwelsii, Cymbidium Gottianum, Angraecum eburneum,

with 22 large flowers, and Cattleya Trianae and Laelia anceps Hillii.
The Baron, a splendid variety with white Messrs. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
J.
segments, the lip slightly tinged with rose. obtained a Banksian Medal for a
Silver
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, well arranged group, in which were many
exhibited Odontoglossum amandens " Queen excellent Cymbidium hybrids, including
of Spain," of rich yellow blotched with Wiganianum, Schlegelii, and Alexanderi,
chocolate-rec?. Cattleya chocoensis alba, a dark red form of
Richard Ashworth, Newchurch,
Esq., Oncidioda Cooksoniae, and an excellent
showed a well-cultivated plant of Odonto- variety of Laelia anceps Schrbderas.
glossum Cervantesii decorum, with a spike of Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
Messrs. Stuart
6 flowers. This is one of the best varieties. Sussex, were awarded a Silver Banksian
A plant under the same name received a Medal for a group containing many distinct
F.C.C., R.H.S., February 14th, 1877. forms of Laslia anceps, Odontoglossum
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Vuylstekei vivicans, O. McNabianum, La?lio-
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal Cattleya Myrrha, L.-C. Doris, as well as
for a meritorious exhibit, containing Cattleya Brasso-Cattleya Sanderi and B.-C. Digbyano-
Enid, with a spike of 4 large flowers, the rare Mendelii.
March, 1 91 5-] Till-: oRcnii) woKi.i). 143

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgatc, showed Cy 111 bic hums, including W'l lodhaiiisiaiium

Brasso-Cattleya Menda, a fine white flower of (eburneo-Lowianum x Lowianum concolor),

good shape, and an Odontioda of unknown Queen of Gatton (Lady Colman x Sanderi),
parentage, but having the red centre margnied and excellent plants of grandiflorum. A good
with a broad band of rose-purple. specimen of Anguloa Cliftonii was also shown.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
Laslio-Cattleya luminosa I^angley var., with Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal
rich coppery-red sepals and petals and for a well-arranged exhibit of Odontoglossum
crimson-purple lip ; the new Odontioda hybrids, of which Dora and eximium were
Simone (Oda. Bradshawiae x Od. Vuylstekei), the best ; also the rare Coelogyne spar.sa,
with chocolate-redmarkings on a yellow Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii, Odontioda Made-
ground. Cirrhopetalum picturatum Langley line, various Cymbidiums, and several varieties
var., a fine form, was also shown. of Cattleya Octave Doin.
Messrs. and Sons, St. Albans,
Sander
February i6th, 191 5. secured a Banksian Medal for an
Silver
Members of the Orchid Committee present: interesting group, in which were good forms
J.
Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir of Cattleya Trianae, Laelio-Cattleya Mauri-
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, tania, the pretty Saccolabium bellinum, the
Messrs. James O'Brien (hon. sec), de B. sweet-smelling Dendrochilum glumaceum,
Crawshay, Stuart Low, Gurney Wilson, F. J. excellent Cypripediums and Phalaenopsis
Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, R. A. Stuartiana.
Rolfe, W. Cobb, J. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
W. H. Hatcher, J. E. Shill, S. W. Flory, W. Sussex, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for
Bolton, A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, C. H. a selection of Cattleyas, including Octave
Curtis and J. Wilson Potter Dom, Trianas and Percivaliana alba. Oncidioda
Cooksoniae, of rich red colour, Cymbidium
Awards of Merit. hybrids, Laslio-Cattleyas luminosa and Doris
in variety, and a fine specimen of Laelia

Odontoglossum sandhurstiense (coronarium anceps.

X Edwardii),from C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,

Glebe, Sevenoaks. —A very interesting hybrid, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for
with a horizontal spike of 1 1 dark crimson-red an attractive exhibit of Laelia anceps, the
flowers, in form closely resembling the varieties Hilliana and Schroderiana being

coronarium parent. specially good also Cymbidium Alexander!

;

Cymbidium Schlegelii Fowler's var. (insigne and C. Schlegelii, various Odontiodas and the
X Wiganianum), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., new Sophro-Cattleya Andromeda.
Pembury. — The plant carried an erect spike C. J. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks, exhibited
of large flowers tinged with rose-purple, the Cattleya Trianas "
Lord Kitchener," one of
broad labellum much spotted. the finest varieties yet seen, the flower being
Odontioda Patricia (Odm. Phoebe x Oda. of perfect shape and thick substance.
Charlesworthii), from Messrs. Charlesworth Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, showed
—
and Co. A very beautiful result, in which the the choice Brasso-Cattleya Menda, which has
flowers are of an intense crimson-red colour. previously received a First-class Certificate,
also Odontoglossum crispo- Wiganianum var.
General Exhibits. Buttercu]:), of rich yellow with a few reddish
spots.

SirJeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited

Surrey, was awarded a Silver Flora Medal Cypripedium Ernest Read, a large flower with
for an attractive group of specially fine broad and flat segments.
 ;

144 THi: ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1915

Baron Bruno Schroder, Englefield Green, Odontioda Schroderi a urea, from Mr. W.
exhibited flowers of Cattleya Tnanae The Shackleton.
Premier and Mooreana. Cattleya Percivaliana " King of the
Messrs. Hassall and Co., staged Cattleya Belgians," from Mr. J. Evans.
Trianas albida, with white sepals and petals,
the lip flushed with rose ; also Sophro-
February 4th, 1915.
Cattleya Cleopatra.
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, Members of the Committee present : Z. A.
exhibited Odontioda Joan (Odm. ardentis- Ward, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. R.
simum x Ocla. Charlesworthii), with bright red Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C.
flowers, the hp freckled with rose. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr.
Hartley, J. Flowes, A. J. Keehng, J. Lupton,
D. McLeod, C. Parker, H. Thorp, G.
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary).
MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY A Silvcr-gilt Medal was awarded to R.
Ashw orth, ELsq., Newchurch Large Silver ;

January 2 1st, 191 5.

Medals to Wm. Thompson, Esq., W^alton
Members of the Committee present Rev. :
Grange Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden Col.
; ;

Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn ; and Messrs.
J.
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham.
Cowan, J. Cypher, }. Evans, J. Howes, Siher Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le
D. ^IcLeod, C. Parker, W. Doux, West Derby; Messrs. J. and A.
A. J. Keelingi
Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, and H. McBean, Cooksbridge Messrs. Cypher and ;

Arthur (Secretary). Sons, Cheltenham and Messrs. Sander and

;

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. Sons, St. Albans. A Bronze Medal was
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch and Wm.
;
granted to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford.
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, for Other exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley,
excellent groups. Esq., Bury Mrs. Armitage, Windermere
;

Medals were granted to Col. J.

Silver Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ;

Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn F. A. Hindley, ;

and Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate.
Esq., Bradford Messrs. Cypher and Sons,
;

Cheltenham Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons,

;
First-class Certificates.
Bradford and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.
;

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans Mr. ;

Odontoglossum lUustrissimuiii " Sultan "
J. Evans, Lymm and O. O. \\'rigle\-, Esq.,
;
and Od. eximium " Cairo," both very fine
also exhibited various Orchids. flowers, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Trianae alba " Snowflake," from
Awards of Merit. Mrs. R. le Doux.

Odontoglossum Nerissa (njevium x crispum), Awards of Merit.

Cypripedium Mrs. Arkle, C. Hera var.
Rex, and L.-C. waltonensis, all from Wm. Odontoglossum Walton Ruby, Od. amabile
Thompson, Esq. Thompsonianum and C)pripedium aureum
Cypripedium Nobilior (insigne Harefielcl Hyeanum " Thompson's var.," all from Wm.

Hall X Beeckmanni), and Odontoglossum Thompson, Esq.

crispum Sir Trevor, both from R. Ashworth, Cypripedium Lord Fisher (Alcibiades
Esq. superbum x chrysotoxum Victor), from Mrs.
Cypripedium Longford Plall (insigne Armitage.
Harefield Hall x alportense), from S. Gratrix, Brasso-Cattlcya Brenda " Ashlands var.,"

Esq. from R. Ashworth, Esq.

 THE

ORCHID WORLD
APRIL, 1915.

NOTES
EULOPHIELLA ELISABETHrE.— On the intro- exhibition erroneously give it as M. Hyeana
duction of this handsome European
species to gracilis.

gardens, about the year 1893, one plant II II II

passed into the collection of Mr. J. Gurney MiLTONIA Hybrids. — Considering the
Fowler, where, thanks to careful treatment, it
m
interest that is at present being taken
has since remained in a good state of health, Miltonias of the vexillaria section, it is not
and vigorous enough to produce several surprising to find hybridists endeavouring to
spikes of flower. It is worthy of note that bring forth new features. Of these, the
thisMadagascan species is dedicated to
enlargement of the blotch of colour on the
Oueen Elisabeth of Roumania. labellum is an attractive point, and it is to be
hoped by the use M. Phalaenopsis and M.
of
vexillaria G. D. Owen
that some beautiful

Cattleya Schroder.-e. During the last — results will be created. Crosses between
few weeks many houses have been made gay these two plants have been effected in more
by this free-flowering and delicate Cattleya, than one trade establishment, but the
which is rendered all the more attractive by seedlings are, unfortunately, particularly

reason of its very pleasing perfume. Under difficult to cultivate, only a small percentage
the varietal name " Stone House variety " we showing any inclination to grow in a satis-
have received a charming flower from Mr. H. factory manner. A small batch of this
Worsley, of Haslingden. The sepals and interesting cross has been raised by Messrs.

broad petals are pure white, the open labellum Armstrong and Brown, the tallest seedling
light rose, the central part bright orange. being inches high, and with the promise of
making a healthy plant.

1^
II

—
MiLTONIA Hye.E. This interesting hybrid DeNDROBIUM mobile ALBUM. — The pure
between M. Hyeana (vexillaria x Bleuana) white form of this species, often spoken of as
and M. Phatenopsis seems to have met with the virginale variety, is one of the specialities
ill-luck, for notwithstanding the fact that the of Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, who raised
late M. Jules Hye exhibited a flowering plant a batch of it from seed, every plant proving a

at the R.H.S. Summer Show, Holland Park, true albino. When the seedlings flowered
July, 191 3, there does not appear to be any there was a remarkable uniformity in the size
correct record of it m the horticultural Press. and shape of the blooms, but there were
The Society's entry book, however, proves three which stood out prominently on account
that M. Hyeae var. gracilis (M. Hyeana x M. of their large flowers of porcelain white and
Phalaenopsis) was duly entered for adjudi- wax-like substance. These particular plants
cation by the Orchid Committee, and the have varied from the normal type in a manner
writer well remembers the plant, with its that is much appreciated, and no doubt if
grass-like foliage, but the reports of the they were likewise used as parents the second

VOL. V. 19
146 THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

generation would not only prove albinos but open at the same time, while 100 are now
show an increased tendency to vary the m open, and many more will be produced
above described manner, and a further success throughout the coming summer. This state
could be recorded. of almost perpetual flowering makes C.
Maudiae one of the most beautiful and useful
^ ^ 41 plants for decorative purposes, and it should
prove a very profitable subject for those
Stray Seedlings. — In all where
places engaged m the cut-flower trade. Although
seed raising is carried on there are bound to this hybrid grows like a weed, Mr. G. F.
be numerous cases of " stray seedlings," their Moore finds its two parents, callosum Sanders
origin being oftentimes difficult to determine. and Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, very difficult
In some instances the plants on flowering for to cultivate successfully, which is somewhat
the first time show considerable diversity remarkable. In the Chardwar collection the
from the main batch, so much so that the same back growths of C. Maudias have
recorded parentage cannot be accepted, while yielded young plants on three and four
others flower in pots from which the successive occasions, and even when a piece
distinguishing label has been either lost or of the old plant carried but one leaf, and that
perhaps never used in the first pricking out 111 a yellow condition, healthy little plants
from the seed-pan. However careful the have been produced. If there is a secret
cultivator may be he invariably gets a few of attached to the method of cultivation adopted
these strays, yet he can never quite discover at it is to be found m the fact that
Chardwar
the cause. A suggestion has been made C. Maudias dislikes too great a mass of
recently that ants are responsible in many compost. An examination of the plants will
cases, for when food they
collecting their show that the roots are maml)' surface ones,
carry away some of the seeds, and m doing so preferrmg to grow round the top of the pot,
drop a few on adjoining pans which contain and rarely deeper than ih inches. It is thus
seed of different parentage. Hence the clear that any unneeded depth of compost is
seedlings are grown on under the distin- almost sure to become sour, with consequent
guishing label of the latter batch, their damage to the health and vigour of the plant.
identity remaining undiscovered until the There is apparently no reason why any
flowering stage. amateur should not achieve equal success in
the cultivation of this attractive Cypripedium,
1^ ^ ||E
the principal points being the careful selection
of a suitable pot and the correct amount of
Cypripediu.aI MAUDI.E.'-The rapidity at compost.
which this hybrid can be increased by division
IS truly astonishing, and the following facts
# 1^

cannot fail to be of interest: just 8-h years—

ago Mr. G. F. Moore, of Chardwar, Bourton- Phal.enopsis sumatrana alba. Mr. L. —
on-the- Water, received through the kindness Schmid, of Sourabaya, Java, kindly sends two
of an Orchid friend a plant of C. Maudis, photographs of this interesting rarity which
which has since been divided whenever has flowered in his collection, the first time in
opportunity presented itself, until, at the November, 191 3, and again in October, 19 14.
present time, no less than 434 plants exist. In an accompanying letter ]\Ir. Schmid
This figure would have been still higher had remarks —
" As you will readily see from the
:

not several plants been presented on various photographs the blossoms are pure white,
occasions to friends. The stock will soon be with the exception that on both sides of the
once again repotted, when, if desired, it can lip there are three delicate wine-red stripes,
easily be increased to 1,000 healthy pieces. whilst the side lobes present a light yellow
Only a few months ago over 300 flowers were appearance. Contrasting these with my other
April, H)i5.] THE ORCHID WORIJ). 147

plants of P. sumatrana, of which 1 possess

four or five varieties, and for which Sourabaya
does not seem a suitable habitat, the alba
form seems to feel itself perfectly at home
here, and the blossom is moreover fairly large.
I^ater on I trust to be able to send you
a photograph depicting my Phatenopsis
violacea var. alba." The original discoverer
of P. sumatrana was the Dutch naturalist, Dr.
Korthals, formerly at the head of the
commissioned to investigate the
scientific staff
natural history of the Dutch possessions in
the Malay Archipelago, who met with it in
southern Sumatra some time prior to 1839.
His sketch of it, preserved at Leyden, was all
that- was known of it till it was re-discovered
by Teijsman in 1859 along with P. violacea,
in the Sumatrian province of Palembang, and
sent by him to the Botanic garden attached
to the University of Leyden, under the name
P. zebrina, where it flowered for the first time
in Europe in 186 1, one plant only surviving
the journey. It was introduced into England
by Messrs. Low and Co., in 1864, and
flowered for the
first time in the collection of

Mr. John Day, at Tottenham, who exhibited

it at the Royal Horticultural Society,
May 30tE, 1865, and received a First-class
Certificate. In 1881 it was detected by
Curtis, at that time collecting for Messrs. Sarcochilus Berl^eleyi.
Veitch in the Malay Archipelago, in the hot,
damp Palembang, growing on trees
forests of the islands m the South Pacific Ocean. The
overhanging" and
streams
water-courses, generic name signifies fle?hy-lip. S. Berkeleyi
generally on the trunks and much shaded, was discovered by Maj.-Gen. E. S. Berkeley
sometimes associated with P. violacea. in several islands m the Mala\- Archipelago.

1^
The flowers are creamy-white with a purple
stain on the labellum.
Sarcochilus BERKELEYI.~The genus
Sarcochilus as reconstituted by Bentham in ^
the Genera Plantaricm includes about thirty
species, many of which had been previously Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldi. — This species
distributed among several genera, the IS dedicated to Robert Fitzgerald, of Sydne}-,
founders of these relying chiefly upon a well-known authority on Australian Orchids,
the form of the labellum and the habit of who gives the following account:
— "It was
the plant, which vary from species to species ; discovered by my=elf m a deep gorge of the
but the discovery of other species modifying mountains at the head of the Billinger river,
the value these characters suggested the
'of associated with a strangely proliferous form
propriety of uniting them all under one genus. of Dendrobium Kingianum and clumps of
The species now included in Sarcochilus are Liparis reflexa. It isfound within the spray
spread over India, Malaysia, Australia, and of the Naroo Falls and the surrounding
14S THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 191 5.

nearly so well for several seasons thereafter.

Once I had a plant of C. villosum m a 1 2-inch
pot that produced 65 flowers, the most I ever
had on one plant of any variety. Cypripedium
Spicerianum, although good, is too short in
the stem, but united with the foregoing
species it has given us hybrids of first-class
qualit\- m their various combinations. The
many forms of C. Leeanum, C. Lathamianum,
and C. aureum, etc., are all good in colour
and free flowering. This last point is all
important to the commercial grower who
grows for the wholesale market or his own
retail trade. Most of the fancy, choice
Cypripediums one finds in private collections
are too shy-blooming and slow-growing to be
profitable, and, moreover, the difference in
price between good free flowering Cypri-
pediums and the fancy varieties is very great
when one buys plants and very small when
one sells the flowers."

Sarcochilus Filzgeraldi.

streams, in masses, clinging to the dripping CYPRIPEDIUMS ALCIBIADES

rocks and covering the black basalt with
green roots that stretch for yards over the
its
AND DESDEMONA.
smooth surface." The flowers are white, .Spicfriantim insigne- Boxalli insigne
I'
densely spotted with rose-purple towards the :
\ I

1 I

base. • Leeanum Mons, de Ciirte

I
!

g| U
Alcibiades Mrs. Carj- Batten.

Cypripediu.ais. — In a recent issue of

Desdemona.
Horiuiiltitrc, U.S.A., Mr. M. J. Oope writes
—
:

" For the commercial grower there is in my

estimation no better variety than the old and

FROM
Haddon
the collection of Mr. Philip Smith,
House, Ashton-on-Mersey,
reliable Cypripedium insigne in its various we have rcceixed excellent flowers of
forms. C. villosum and C. Boxalli are other Cypripedium Alciijiades var. Illustrious and
good free-flowering species. I have about C. Desdemona Haddon House var. The
two dozen plants of C. insigne which for over former is acknowledged to be the finest form
ten years have annually produced about 400 of Alcibiades, and from the above plan it can
flowers, this winter over 450 one plant alone
;
easily be seen how the breadth of the dorsal
bore 37 flowers. There are few other sepal is mainl\- due to the influence of
Cypripediums that will do that. C. villosum Spicerianum, for neither insigne nor Boxalli
and C. Boxalli are occasionally very free are endowed with much of this esteemed
flowering, but I find when a plant of these character. The ventral sepal is almost equally
goes to extremes one season it will not flower developed, a very unusual e\ent, and one.
April, 1915.] 'IIII'; ORt'ini) WORLD. I4<)

Cypripedium Desdemona, Haddon House variety.

indeed, which might be turned to advantage appeared in the ORCHID WORLD,

illustration
in future generations derived from this variety. Vol. I., page 156. In our reproduced
The lateral petals are formed in horizontal photograph of the Haddon House variety of
fashion, and, in company with the labellum, Desdemona the characteristics of the parental
are yellowish, tinged with reddish-purple. species are plainly visible. C. Spicerianum
This flower has remained fresh for a period gives width and flatness to the dorsal sepal,
of two months, during which time it has been and is also responsible for the broad, white
admired by many lovers of the genus, who margin ;C. insigne adds many of the large
considered it an exceptionally fine example. spots and blotches while Boxalli yields the
;

Respecting the second flower, Cypripedium blackish markings arranged in vertical style
Desdemona Haddon House var., of which we on the central portion. The broad sepals as
?ive an illustration, it is worthy of note that well as the labellum partake very much of
it received a First-class Certificate, Man- those often seen in villosum and its near
chester Orchid Society. February i8th, 191 5. relation Boxalli.
Although derived from Alcibiades it was not Both the above described flowers have
the variety Illustrious that was used, but one been cultivated in the Haddon House
bearing a close resemblance to it. The other collection by Mr. E. W. Thompson, to whom
parent is C. Mrs. Cary Batten, of which an considerable credit i? due.

VOL. V. 20
15° THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

FLOWERS IN SEASON. H. G. Alexander. It is of an artistic colour

rarely seen, being bright terra-cotta, over

Odontoglossum Herculaneu^i. — One which a suffusion of rose-scarlet
IS the apex ;

of the finest hybrid Odontoglossums it has of the labellum is crimson, while the throat is
been our pleasure to see is sent
by Mr. Richd. Ashworth, of
Newchurch. Although recorded
as Herculaneum (F.C.C.,
M.O.S.), it no doubt belongs to

the eximium section, and was

evidently produced by crossing
a fine ardentissimum with a
crispum of the good old Pacho
type. The clear white flower is
of perfect form, the total width
being 3^ inches, the petals
wide, each segment having a
large crimson-purple blotch.
There is strong evidence of
Pescatorei in formation of the
labellum and in the shape of
the petals.
Cattle Y A Empress
Frederick. —
Mr. H. G. Cros-
ley sendsfrom the collection of
H.S.H. Princess of Monaco, La
Ferte-Bernard, France, a five-
flowered spike of this beautiful
h3'-brid between C. aurea and Odontoglnssum Herculaneum. Garrlnicrs Chronirlr.

C. Mossios. Not only is this

of interest on account of the unusual rich orange. The parentage is S.-C.-L.
number of flowers, but the variety is Danas (C. Harrisoniana x S.-L. Orpetii) x
one in v/hich the gold veining on the L.-C. Goldfinch (L.-C. vvarnhamensis x C.
labellum of both species blends in a most aurea).
effective manner, making a striking contrast Odontoglossum ASPERSUM. — From Mr.
to the bright rose-purple colour of the other Wm. Thompson's collection we have received
segments. The yellow pigment of C. aurea through Mr. J. Howes a well-grown six-
generally brightens up the purple colour of flowered spike of this natural hybrid between
other species used in conjunction with it, of Rossii and maculatum. The brown spotting
which the above instance, as well as C. Fabia on the sepals, the yellowish petals, the rose
and C. Hardyana, are well-known examples. column, and the white labellum with its
When Cattleyas are cultivated to the high yellow crestmake up a very pretty subject.
state of perfection shown by the inflorescence Flowers of the new maculum (maculatum x
sent by Mr. Crosley, they prove a source of aspersum), as well as O. Cervantesii decorum,
extreme pleasure to both the o^^mer and make a representative selection of Mexican
admiring visitor. Odontoglossums, while another novelty, also
Sophrocattl.^:lia Sunloch. An — described under " New Hybrids," is Oncidioda
extremely beautiful variety of this hybrid has waltonensis. Flowers of Odontioda Euterpe
flowered in the Westonbirt collection, the (O. Uro-Skinneri x C. Noezliana), a difficult
flower of which has been sent to us by Mr. plant to cultivate, and Od. illustrissimum var.
 A

April, KJ15.J I 111' (JKCllin WOKI.l). 151

W. Lvans are also sent; the latter is

L. EARLY REMINISCENCES OF
richly coloured,and on that account gained
an A.M., M.O.S., March 4th, 191 5.
ORCHID GROWING.
Cypripedium Maurice. A lahotograph — {Continued Jrom page 139).
been kindly sent
of this attractive hybrid has
by Mr. Alf. J. Paine, Athenlay, Wanstead,
who has, unfortunately, no record of its
parentage. The dorsal sepal as well as the
TIME and events march along hand-in-
hand with upon some theyall of us,
lateral petals are well developed, giving the fall lightly and in varying degrees
flower a chubby appearance. C. villosum is upon others. Circumstances unforeseen
evidently contained in its history, and it is cropped up and I disposed of my collection,

just the kind of flower one would expect from much to my regret, but I made a resolve that
the use of nitens (insigne x villosum) and I would resume my hobby at the first

aureum (nitens x Spicerianum). However, the opportunity. Several years elapsed before
doubt surrounding its parentage in no way this occurred, and which came about through
detracts from its meritorious nature. an advertisement in a gardening journal
Odontoglossum HARVENGTENSE. — In offering surplus plants for sale. 1 did not
the early days this hybrid between triumphans trouble much about it at the time, except to
and crispum was only known as a natural one, write for particulars, which, when forthcoming,
which appeared occasionally m importations ;
seemed too good to be true, but it was
for some time it was recognised under the perfectly genume I afterwards found.
name loochristiense. At the request of Mr. A week or more passed, and this
H. F. Goodson, of Fairlawn, Putney, Mr. Geo. opportunity kept impressing and itself

E. Day sends an excellent variety which has perplexed me somewhat. At last I made up

been raised by the use of triumphans and my mind to visit the place and see what was
crispum Lily Bourdas, the flower showing an going. It was a large establishment in the
unusual amount of reddish-brown blotching. suburbs of London, containing a good
From the same source comes a richly blotched collection. On seeing the plants decision was
form of Od. crispum, obtained by crossing prompt and I selected five dozen, which cost
two specially fine varieties, the flower giving me less than £1, and some of them large
promise of further improvement as the plant plants. Impossible, some may say, but there
gams in strength. it is these are facts.
; This event occurred
Cymbidium Alexanderi aureum. — about eight years ago when residing in
flower of this distinct variety comes from Mr. London. I have some of these plants now,
F. J. Flanbury, of Brockhurst, East Grinstead. but not all, for on leaving London I disposed
The sepals and petals are rose tinted, but the of most of my collection, bringing away with
labellum is yellowish, both inside and out, the me about one hundred of the choicest. Being
front lobe having a few red spots. The under enthusiastic over renewing my favourite
part of the column is yellowish, the upper pastime, it was not long before considerable
part deep rose.A good variety of Cymbidium additions were made from time to time to the
Lowio-grandiflorum also comes from the same original five dozen, until the collection totalled
collection. over 300 plants. My expenditure was never
Odontoglossums.— From Mr. C. J.
more than I felt justified in, and, of course,
Lucas, Warnham Court, Sussex, has arrived as cheap lines came along so the opportunity
an interesting series of Odontoglossum was accepted. One characteristic stands out
hybrids, the best being exultans (crispum x prominently, and that is, the remarkable
new Crispothell and Excelator,
excellens), the improvement in the vigour of my plants since
both promising flowers, Fairlawn (Edwardii x residing in Tunbridge Wells, the purer
Wilckeanum) of varying shades of red-purple, atmosphere and light going far towards this
and Doris (crispum x Ossulstonii). result but, nevertheless, this need not deter
;
 THE ORCHID WORLD [April, 191 5.

amateurs under conditions far less favourable, DENDROBIUMS AT

for it is really wonderful what has and still
PEMBURY.
is being done by our ardent Orchid growers

under similar circumstances. I maintain that SCARCELY have the dull and cold days
no class of plants give a better return for the of winter passed away than we get a
love and care given than Orchids, the interest pleasant reminder of spring by the
IS progressive and perpetual in a sense, once flowering of the Dendrobiums. There are
the culture (not with a k, please) grasped
is but few flowers that prove so welcome,
nothing in the floral world is easier to grow. coming, as they do, before many other plants
In conclusion, 1 trust these recollections show signs of vitality, and at a time when
from early to recent times have not proved everyone is eagerly awaiting the arrival of
wearisome to the reader. brighter and warmer weather. At few places
H. A. Farmer. can a display be seen equalling in beauty
that made by Dendrobes cultivated so
the
successfully m the collection of Mr. J. Gurney

ODONTOGLOSSUM Fowler, at Brackenhurst, Pembury. Here the

plants are grown in pots secured, by means of
CRISPOTHELL
suitable wire suspenders, to the brick wall of
(crispum X Othello). the corridor connecting the various houses.
This method of arrangement proves an ideal
Take the brown ground from Othello, and
one for all Dendrobiums of the well-known
substitute the white of crispum, slightly
nobile habit, the bulbs of which produce
creamy, add the spotting of a Lambeauianum
flowers from almost their base to the apex.
that approaches the Pescatorei markings, and
Several rows of plants, one above the other,
you have the present hybrid.
allow each specimen to show its flowers to the
Two-thirds of all the segments are prettily
best advantage, and when thus arranged
spotted with light brown, the lip having a
there is one vast bank of bloom, a mass that
marginal area of dusty spots round two-thirds
would indeed be difficult at this early season
of the edge. The form is good, Mr. C. J.
of the year to produce by any other genus.
Lucas, of Warnham Court, having used his
In days gone by, when D. nobile was the
fine variety of Othello in raising it.
principal species cultivated, there was little
de B. Craiusha y, Rosefield, Feb. 2^rd, igi S-
variation in the colour, but now, thanks to the
skill of range has been
the hybridist, the
considerably extended. Yellow is becoming
ODONTOGLOSSUM far more prominent, chiefly through the use
EXCELATOR of aureum and signatum, while the pure white

(excellens x Fascinator). nobile is one of the most beautiful varieties

yet seen. In the Brackenhurst collection
A small form of harvengtense crossed with there are several select varieties of this
Adrianae in a wild state has often been albino, as well as many yellow-tmted hybrids,
talked of might have been passed off
; this some having the tips of the segments freckled
for such. J. Lucas has made many
Mr. C. W'ith rose-purple. There is also considerable
an experimental cross, and deserves credit for diversity to be seen in the formation of the
doing so. flowers, some varieties having the segments
Sepals and petals yellow, with white areas twisted m quite an artistic style, while in
m the centre, the former having large others the sepals and petals are drawn out to
blotches of brown, the latter three or four their fullest extent. Even
well-knownin the
spots. Lip white, spotted with brown, and nobile there are many worthy of
varieties
with marguial clots, as in Adrianfe. special note, a feature being the dark blotch
de B. C raws hay, Rosefield, Feb. 2^rd, igi S- on the labellum, which in some cases is
 —

April, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. '53

extended almost to the edge, while in others The great preponderance is that of Vuyl-
it has well-nigh disappeared. stekei,which has proved one of the strongest
The plants remain in this corridor through- hybrids yet used. This is the fifteenth hybrid
out the whole of the year. As the season 1 have raised with li. dc B. Crawshay,
advances so the increased temperature causes Rosrfie/(/ , March i^th, I'jij-
them to push forth new growths of a vigorous
nature, and these, aided by considerable sun
heat, assume a robust constitution, for the
plants are able to receive ample light and all ODONTOGLOSSUM ATROPOS.
necessary syringing. When autumn arrives
the atmospheric conditions are altered, a
Harryanum tripudians
I ^1

lower temperature as well as plenty of light I

and ventilation soon bring about a well- crispum roseum Astarte

I

ripened condition, and thus the plants remain

I

until the return of spring-like weather. Atropos.

Since the plants have been in their present
position there has been a marked increase in It is quite evident that we are going to

the vigour and size of their bulbs, those made attain the same results in hybridity by
during the last summer being unusually different ways of development. The colour
robust, and good supply of
promising a of this secondary hybrid, one of my own

bloom. Very much depends on the ripening experimental lines of coupling an obscure and
process, which if not properly carried out is also a well-known species, has resulted in a

apt to prevent the formation of flower buds most beautiful shade of purple-maroon, almost
on the lower sections of the bulbs, resulting identical to the shades in illustrissimum,

m a diminished quantity of bloom being 1 hwaitesii and rosefieldiense, in their darkest

produced, and a consequent lessening of the solid forms.

general effect at flowering time. With the The sepals and petals, both front and back,
splendid facilities existing at Brackenhurst are solid, with the exception of the tips which
there need be no fear of anything of this sort show the characteristic absence of the ov erlay

occurring ; not only is there a bracing situa- colour at the extreme end of the segment ; at

tion, but there is a good supply of skilled the base of the petals there is a similar

labour, and with these two highly important uncoloured mark or two showing the pure
factors success is certain. white of the under ground colour. I say
under ground colour advisedly, as the purple-
maroon seems to l)e the third layer of colour,
the deep rose stained grt)und forming the
ODONTOGLOSSUM LACHESIS second. Ihc hp is large, triangular, and ot
(Fascinator x Vuylstekei). white ground, with a broken covering ol
purple-maroon forming a triangular area,
This, as naturally would be the case, is leaving a white apex the sides have a ;

much like some forms

Vulcan (crispum x
of marginal row of spots. Column head very
Vuylstekei). Sepals and petals yellow dark, as in a fine crispum.
ground, very heavily blotched by deep brown, Tripudians, be it species or rare hybrid, is

with a little white area at the base, and ev idently very strong and transmits its quality
having the characteristic marks of brown through Harryanum very plainly, but the
immediately around tlie column's base, which brown has entirely disappeared. Of course,
are inherited from tnumphans. Lip white, the hybrids will vary much, and it will be
almost covered by a great brown blotch and interesting to see if any revert to the crispum,
marginal markings. Column and wings which was a good roseum. de B. Crawshay,
heavily "painted" crimson-brown. Roseficld, March i ^th, igiS-

VOL. V. 21
54 THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

GATTON PARK, SURREY.

Mr. .1. Bat Ion Kent.

Gallon House Jrom the Lawns.

THEREEngland,
of
are but few places in the south
or, indeed, elsewhere,
.Society's
his many
Orchid Coiuiiuttee, while amongst
other positions of honour may be
that possess so many points of included that of Treasurer of the great
have such bcautilul
interest or surroundings International Exhi!)ition, held at Chelsea,
as Gatton Park, the seat of Sir Jeremiah iyi2.
Colman, Bart. When in i8<S8 the property Gatton — the town 011 the Gate — is

was purchased b)- its presentowner it was
destined to Vjecome the home of one of the
finest collections of Orchids, comprising, as it
does, an extremely rich assemblage of species
and hybrids, the former perhaps unequalled
in any other private garden. Considering
how frequently the name Gatton now shines
forth in the records of Orchidology, a few
brief details concerning its history and that
of its present owner may prove of interest,
for, as many will recollect. Sir Jeremiah is a
Vice-Chairman of the Royal Horticultural
described in Domesday Book, while Herfrid,
an early owner, was father of Hamo de
Gatton who fell at the Battle of Hastings.
In 1541.) Gatton was granted as an estate by
the Crown to Anne of Cleves after her
divorce from Henry MIL After passing
through various hands the property was
purchased in 1S30 by Lord Monson, who
spent a fortune upon it. The celebrated
Marble Hall follow;^ closely in design the
Corsini Chapel in the Basilica of St. John
Lateran, Rome, while adjoining the mansion
 —

April, i<)r5.] THK ORrilll) WORM). '55

is the Church, mentioned in Domesdny

;ilso ("olman,is a Past Master of the Worshipful

Book, with its and exquisite oak

antique ("ompany of Skinners, a Deputy Lieutenant
carvin<^-, some of wliich was I)rou^ht from for the county of Surrey, servinj^- the ancient
Belgium. I lie eastern stained-^iass window office of f-figh Sheriff for the year 1893, and
dates from about iqoci. is one of His Majesty's I^ieutenants for the
The family of Colman is one of orerit City of London. His many services received
antiquity, there bpinq; a rc^cord as far bark as rero<jnitioii in i()(>7 when Kin^ Edward Vlf.

Gatton House, the Marble Hall,

12S7, of one William Colman, of Norfolk. conferred the honour of a Baronetcy upon
In 15S9 Desiderius Colman was armour- him.
maker to icings Charles I. and Philip of It has l)een the writer's pleasure to spend
Spain, and a branch of the family flourished several hours in the Orchid houses in company-
in Augsburg during the fifteenth and with Sir Jeremiah, when the remarkable
sixteentl: centuries. I hey were inventors of knowledge which he has of the subject, as
complete armours for horses. In the reign of well as his ready memory for technical details,
James I. a grant of arms, in those days a high gave ample proof of the great admiration he
distinction, was made to a Colman of has for these aristocratic flowers and the
W'ymondham, from whom the ]:)resent family intense interest he continues to take in them.
can trace descent. Many of the family have i\s a lover of all things artistic and rare, the
borne the Christian name Jeremiah, which owner of this extensive estate has his time
has passed through nine generations. The fully occupied, yet notwithstanding the many
present owner of Gatton, Sir Jeremiah attractions — and some are indeed great
 . -

1.0 THF. ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

there is every evidence that the Orchids included, the best being Dorman's variety,

receive the full share to which their flowers, Harefield Hall, Sanderae, alba, splendens,
be they gorgeous, quaint or microscopic, Colmaniana, with a pink coloured throat, and
entitle them. Ashworthii, the latter distinguished by bright
With such an extensive collection to rose-purple blotches on a pure white ground.
describe it is by no means easy to select a D. bigibbum "Lady Colman," A.M., R.H.S.,
section that stands out prominently, but as is a pretty albino form, having white flowers
these notes are written during the Dendro- with a slight blush tint.

bium season a It is, how-

few remarks ever, w 1 1 ii

concern ing hybrid Dend-

the most inter- robes that the
esting m a )• finest decora-
here be given. tive results are

Aus t r a 1 i an obtained, for

species are in no other

well repre- garden have
sented by the so many varie-

elegant D. t i e s been
Tofftii, seen raised and cul-

for the first tivated. One

time in this of the most
country last attractive is

November, the Gatton

when the Park variety
Royal Horti- of W i g a n
cultural .So- /V. ff- 1 a n u m , ob-
ciety granted t a 1 n e d b\'

a Botanical crossing Hilde-

C e r t i fi c ate. brandii and
Also the nobile, the
showy D e ff e c t 1 V e
speciosum niti- manner in
dum, which Odonlioda BraJshawia " Lady Colman.' which the
obtained a
(R.H.S. Journal.) yellowish
similar award, and a Cultural Commendation sepals and petals are twisted being charac-
for Mr. Collier, who grew the specimen so teristic of the former parent. Many hybrids
successfully that it produced no less than 46 have been raised by the use of signatum
many-flowered spikes. D. taurinum Colmanii, aureum, a rare, yellow flowering species, D.
a remarkable species whose flower resembles Wigania? (signatum x nobile) being a good
a bull's head, is well worthy of special example, although the expectation of produc-
mention. D. phalaenopsis is well represented, ing an enlarged form of D. Wigania?
the Gatton Park variety having a white xanthochilum has yet to be realised also ;

flower with the lip tinged and veined with
slaty-blue. D. phalaenopsis Schroderianum,
and others of the same section, as well as the
pretty D. arcuatum, and the remarkable
Gatton Park variety of D. Brymerianum may
also be seen in excellent health. Nearly all
the noted forms of the popular D. nobile are
D. Brodiei (Dominyanum x Wiganiae), a
floriferous plant, as well as D. Duchess of
Albany (Wiganianum x Wiganiae), named in
commemoration of a visit paid by the
Duchess to Gatton Park in iQii, and the
elegant D. chessingtonense (aureum x
Wiganiae), of which the Gatton Park variety
April, i<)i5.] THF. OlUnil) WORLD. 157

has received an Award of Merit. D. be hoped that many of the raiser's expecta-
Tliwaitesije (Ainsworthii x Wiganirf) may tions will be realised with the next generation
also be mentioned, for a distinct variety, of seedlings, the first of which has already
named Mr. Bound, formerly in cliarj^e
after expanded its flower, and shows many of its

of this collection, has been certificated. There parent's characteristics.

is also D. Othello, of unrecorded i)arentage, Mr. Collier l)elieves that continually propa-
but represented by several lieautiful \arieties, gating the best varieties is the only means by
and D. Golden which a healthy
Ray (Othello X a n (1 vigorous
s in 54- a t u m )
stock of plants
which is very may be main-
b e a u t i f u 1
1
)' tained. And
marked with this applies
i nde s cribable particularly to

sunset colours. all those con-

D. Fmdlay- taining Wig-
a n u m h a s anic-e in their

proved of con- parentage. One

siderable value large house has

as a parent, a? its centre stag-

may be seen in ing completely
D. Cybele (no- filled with
bile X Findlay- specimen
anum), of which plants, while
a splendid along the sides,

variety from and on narrow

this collection shelves, are
received a numerous small
F.C.C., R.H.S. plants rapidly
Mention may advancing i n
also be made size to replace
of n. Mrs. Fen- others that
ton Arn t o n have done their
(m e la n odiscus duty. Seedlings,
X F" i n d 1 a y - <it course, are
a nu m ) , also
Dendrobium bigibb um " Lady Colman. very carefully
honoured by an (RH.S Journal, t attended to, for

award. LTnquestionably, the finest hybrid only the best varieties have been used in their

Dendrobium yet raised is that bearing the making, hence additional specialities are
name Lady Colman. It was produced by always appearing. The best specimens are
crossing D. Artemis (aureum x Ainsworthii), generally obtained when there are about four
one of the first raised Gatton hybrids, with or five vigorous bulbs, which produce flowers
D. Findlayanum, specially fine varieties of on long and almost from apex to base
stalks,

both parents being used. A First-class of the bulb. When

so grown tliey form the
Certificate was granted by the R.H..S., most attractive plants in the collection, and
February if)th, ioi4- The accompanying their dispersal in the various houses creates a
illustration shows the exact size of this very beautiful effect in the early months of
wonderful flower. Needless to state, every the year.
opportunity has been taken to perpetuate We may now turn our attention to some of
such extraordinarily fine qualities, and it is to the smaller growing plants, which thrive so
 ;

THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

well on account of the many suitable spots when exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
that experience has discovered for their .Society.
accommodation. Coelogyne sparsa yields an Epidendrum Boundii, raised in this
abundance of pretty flowers, as also does collection by crossing radicans and Burtonii,
Angra?cum hyaloides, Collabuim nebulosum, is of considerable decorative value, not only
and Sarchorhilus Fitzgeraldii. Masdevallias on account of the wide range of colour,
comprise a 1 n eluding
most varied orange - red,
collect ion, orange and
runnmg into lilac, but also
hundreds of for the im-
species and mense time
\ arieties. The 1 n d 1 V d ual i

quanit M. stems con-

C h i m a? r a tinue to pro-
with its aurea duce flowers
varieties, the from the
curious M. apex the of
inacrura and e 1 o n g a ting
M. elephanti- s ]:) k e s
i
,

ceps have an twelve

interest all months being
their own, u i t e the
while the usual period.
Gatton Park On one occa-
variety ofM. sion a spike
Harryana re- continued to
ceived a n produce
Award o t flowers for
Merit, May more than
2gth, iQOf). two years
A m o n g st and was ex-
the Bulbo- hibited a t

p h y Hums three con-

there i*5 the s e c u t i \- e
scarce B. sal- Temple
tatorium, a
Odonloglossum Queen of Gallon. (R H S. Journal.)
Shows, thus
name which creating what
indicates the dancing nature of the wonder- is believed to be a record. There are some
fully constructed labellum, also B. lemnis- interesting seedlings to be seen in a cross
catoides, a remarkable species which received between E. prismatocarpum and E. fragrans.
a Botanical Certificate in igog. Other Epi-Diacrium Boundii, the result of crossing
notable representatives are B. Ericssonii, B. Epidendrum Ellisii and Diacrium bicornutum,
Reinwardtii, B. galbinum and B. mirum, the and Dia-Cattleya Colmania? (D. bicornutum
hitter indeed wonderful, for the petals consist X C. intermedia) are interesting batches of
of a small on the back of
rounded disc, hybrids, the majority of the pseudo-bulbs
which IS a tuft of about twenty slender being hollow, as in the Diacrium parent.
filaments that move about with the slightest 1 he elegant Oncidium Cla?sii, very rarely
breeze. Cirrhopetalum retusiusculum and seen in flower, produced a fine inflorescence
C. Fascinator have both received awards m May, igi i, when it was exhibited at the
April, 1915.] the: orchid world. 159

regarded as a form ol Wilckeanum it tame ;

from the I'olK ll (oUeclion, but has refused to

make mucli licadway until this season when
it produced a spike of two flowers.
Amongst the [)0]nilar hybrid Odoiito-
glossuins is Queen of Gatton (tnumphans /
percultum), of Ijright yellow with red-brown
markings, which received a First-class
Certificate May 2o\.\\, 1913, and the well-
known Gatton Park strain of Thompson-
laiium, distinguished by the unusual breadth
of the rose segments, and the graceful arching
habit of the spikes. In a collection of this
magnitude there is an immense number of
various hybrids, many of them sijccimcii
plants, while others are as yet unflowered,
and hence the cause of much expectation.
A'
.Some of the finest specimens of Odontiodas
ever seen al the Royal Horticultural Society
have come from the Gatton Park collection,
Odontioda Bradshawice " Gallon Park oar." the strain being noted for the remarkable
branched spikes with their numerous flowers
oi rich scarlet-red colour. No doubt, this is

Temple Show and obtained an Award of mainly due to excellent cultixation. .S|)ecial
Merit. Oncidiuni diclironiuni, with bronze-red mention is certainly due to Odontioda Vuyl-
sepals and petals and orange-yellow lip, may stekea' " Lady Colman " and O. Bradshawias
Cuelia niacrostachya, with " Lady Colman," both of which have ijeen
also be mentioned.
large globular bulbs, flowers freely every honoured by receiving First-class Certificates.
year, and Acineta Huniljoldtii Colmanii, an Odontioda gattonensis (C. Ntezliana x O.
excellent variety of this Colombian plant, Kegeljani), and many others might be
received a Botanical Certificate, April 30th, described, did space permit. Another house
190;. is mainly devoted to the cultivation of small

During the past thirty years a careful seedlings ; it is astonishing to note the
been made
selection has of the best varieties vigorous bulbs which the young Odontiodas
of Odontoglossum crispum, the large span- arc making. An airv, span-roofed house is

roofed house devoted to their culture reserved for the actual raising of Odonto-
presenting a beautiful sight during the spring glossums and Odontiodas, the seed being
months. Blotched varieties are to be seen in sown on the surface of large pots containing
the renowned Pittianum, Franz Masereel, vigorous plants. It is worthy of note,
Kenneth, Luciani, Hyeanum and solum, etc. although Sir Jeremiah will not confess there
O. crispum Rosy Queen was exhibited at the is any importance in it, that these established

last Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition, when it plants are all Edwardii or hybrids of it. But
received a Silver-gilt Medal. There is a good be this as it may, there is certainly a
jilant of Pescatorei Lindeniae, also of remarkable vigour and healthy nature to be
Wilckeanum Pitt's variety and crispum seen in the tiny seedlings, many of which are
Oakfield Sunrise. An interesting plant, and pricked out in shallow pans suspended at a
one far tooseldom seen, is O. Lindenii, which safe distance from the roof. Odontoglossum
in habit of growth resembles O. Edwardii, but h\-brids containing Edwardii in their
the flowers are of a bright yellow colour. A parentage have always been noted for their
relic of the past is Od. bickleyense, now vigorousness, and it would be specially
 —

Ibo THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

interesting to prove that this could be considerable time in perfection, and showing
transmitted to other seedhngs. a wide range of greenish-jellow and rose
The genus Spathoglottis has received tints. During the last few years a considerable
well-merited attention, several beautiful and important advance has been made by the
h)brids having being raised. Perhaps the hybridists, their best achievements being seen
best is S. Colmanii, obtained by the use of S. in C)-mbidium Colmaniae (eburneo-Lowianum

and S. aurea, and of which

aurco-\^ieillardii X eburneum), C. Lady Colman (eburneo-
two varieties have been certificated by the Lowianum X rrac)'anum), of which the
Royal Horticultural Society. S. plicata alba variety known as Golden Queen received a
has also received an Award of Merit. Brasso- F'irst-class Certificate in February, 1913, and
Cattleyas are numerous and include C. Queen of Gatton (Lady Colman x insigne).

Dendrobium Lady Colman.

F.C.C , H H.S., Feb. lOlh, 1914.

B.-C. Mary, a very distinct and pretty hybrid Although many hybrids have been obtained
between B. nodosa and C. Lawrenceana, the by the use of insigne, opinions differ
creamy-white flower being spotted with rose- concerning the habit of the flower spikes
purple. Sobralias have also received should they be erect like insigne, or should
attention, the desire being to raise hybrids of they bend gracefully over as in the Lowianum
a dwarf and fioriferous nature. Growing section? In these gardens the desire is to
along with them are Zygo-Colax Wiganianus produce spikes as borne by the last-mentioned
(Z. intermedium x C. jugosus) and Z.-C. species, which many amateurs will no doubt
Veitchii (Z. crinitum x C. jugosus). acknowledge to be the most effective style.
A large lean-to house is entirely filled with The rare C. I'Ansonii is well represented, one
Cymbidiums, their graceful spikes lasting a large plant carrying four spikes of flowers.
April, 1915-] THE ORCHID WORLD. 161

" Ashworth,"
In another large and well constructed Cattleya labiata alba Mrs. L.
house is the Gatton Park variety of C. 1. leucocheila, and C. 1. Peeters variety.
Award " Queen Empress " was
Miltonia Regnellii, which received an C. .Schroderas
of Merit m 1905, while the varieties of M. awarded the Davidson Cup for the finest
vexillaria Duchess of Portland,
niclude Cattleya in the Chelsea Show, 1914. A
Lambeauiana and others. Hybrids are to be spacious house is entirely devoted to special
seen in choice forms of Bleuana and St. forms of the leading Cattleyas, but another
Andre. There is good reason to believe that occasion is necessary to fully describe their
many certificated plants of the future will be meritorious points.
Miltonia hybrids, and on this account experi- Calanthes are excellent for winter flowers,
ments are being tried to ascertain with what the collection including Wm. Murray, bella
other genera and species new combinations and its pure white variety Harrisii, densiflora,
can be effected. A.M., R.H.S., revertens, of unrecorded
It is very pleasing to note the interest taken parentage, and others. Catasetum Cliftonii
in Laelia pumila and its received an Award of
allied species, although Merit in 191 1, and there
on further thoughts this IS a good assortment of

is not surprising for, on other species. Lycastes

comparison with the are numerous, and in-

plant, the flowers are clude Skinneri alba, S.

extremely large. L. hellemense, Lucianii and

pumila Colmanii, L. p. Ballis.
Gatton Park variety, During the early
with its slate-blue lip, months of the year a
and L. prsestans gloriosa })retty display is made
have all received awards. with Phaio-Calanthe Col-
There is also a pretty manii (P. Norman x C.
hybrid between L. Jong- Regnieri), the flowers
heana and L. flava varying from pure white
which bears the name to rose. The sunny
Odontioda Qattonensis
Mary Colman. As a (C. Noezliana ^ O. Kegeljant)
atmosphere of Gatton
parent L. pumila has permits La^lia anceps to
proved useful in the making of L.-C. Epicasta, be cultivated with considerable success. White
of which the Gatton Park variety has received varieties are mainly grown, the one known as
a First-class Certificate, while another variety Schroderiana being by far the best, while
known as The Premier has received an waddoniensis is also worthy of note.
Award of Merit. Amongst other hybrids There is a healthy specimen of the
that have received awards are L.-C. Phryne remarkable Arachnanthe Lowii, known in
and L.-C. Fred. Boyle. A splendid batch of gardens as Vanda Lowii, which delights to
L.-C. Canhamiana alba proves of immense assume an arching habit whenever the stem ;

value in making up the large groups IS tied up in an erect position the plant ceases

regularly exhibited at the Royal Horticultural to make progress. Another representative of

Society's Summer Show. Of course, there is this peculiar genus is to be seen in A.
a very varied collection of all the best Cathcartii, which is a notoriously shy bloomer,
Lailio-Cattleyas. yet it once produced an excellent inflorescence
The collection of Cattleyas includes C. in this collection. Eria vestita, with its large,
Mendelii "Duke of Marlborough," F.C.C., hairy leaves, is quite a curiosity.
R.H.S., and C. M. " Quorndon House var.," This collection is particularly rich in the
which received a similar award in 1892. Orchid often spoken of as " botanical,"
class of
There are good plants of the beautiful and of which many Erias, MaxiUarias,
 Till': ORCHli:) WORLD. [April, KJ15.

Stanhopeas, Cynorches, Promenaeas, Pesca- Odontioda West Point Beauty.— The

toreas, and Masdevallias may be included, but Oda. Bradshawiae and Odm.
result of crossing

these have ahnost been forgotten the m eximium. Received an Award of Merit,
present However, a future occasion
article. Manchester Orchid Society, March 4th, 191 5,
will allow them to be described in detail. It when shown by Mr. S. Gratrix.
remains to be said that the general health of OncidiODA WALTONENSIS. This decora- —
this vast collection is excellent, thanks to the tivehybrid between Cochlioda vulcanica and
skilful attention of Mr. Collier and his under- Oncidium mcurvum received an Award of
study, Mr. Perfect, who are never more happy Appreciation when exhibited by Mr. Wm.
than when attending to the comforts of their Thompson at the Manchester Orchid Society,
pets, or striving by some means or other to February i8th, 1915. The inflorescence is

encourage a refractory plant to break forth semi-erect, has several branches and carries

into flower. numerous rose-purple flowers. It forms a

companion to Oncidioda Charlesworthii (C.

NEW HYBRIDS. Noezliana x O. incurvum).
Odontioda Ruth G. Worsley.- -A spike of OdONTOGLOSSUM MACULUM. — This inter-

hybrid between Harryanum and

this beautiful esting hybrid is the result of crossing
Bradshawias is sent by the owner, Mr. H. maculatum with aspersum, the latter a natural
Worsley, of Stone House, Haslmgden. The hybrid between Rossii and maculatum. As
large flower is of rich scarlet-red colour, the may be expected, the flower resembles a fine
m Harryanum, and
petals slightly incurved, as variety of maculatum. The sepals are
margined with rose. A most useful addition. yellowish, covered with brownish-red spots,
L.5:lio-Cattleya flammea. Although — the petals of similar colour, but having only a
not possessing broad segments this hybrid is few spots on their basal area the expansive ;

of a particularly rich colour, the parents being hp IS cream-yellow, the crest golden-yellow,
highburiensis (cinnabanna x Lawrenceana) while the column is rose. Exhibited by Mr.
and Haroldiana (tenebrosa x Hardyana). Wm. Thompson at the Manchester Orchid
Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. Society, March 4th, 191 5, when an Award of
Dendrobium Miss Florence E. King. Appreciation was granted.
— The result of crossing Artemis (aureum x Dendrobium Butterfly. —The ever
Ainsworthii) and nobile nobilius. Raised by popular yellow Dendrobes have been mainly
Mr. F. J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East Grin- produced by the use of signatum and aureum;
stead. The flower is large and resembles a fine in this instance the parentage is Ainsworthii
variety of Rubens (Ainsworthii x nobile). (aureum x nobile) x chessingtonense (aureum
Cypripedium swintonense. An excel- — x Wiganiae), Wiganias being a hybrid between
lent flower of this new Cypripedium comes signatum and nobile. The result is a rich
from the raiser, Mr. B. J. Beckton, Daisy yellow flower, with an effective purple
Bank, Irlams-o'-th'-Height, Manchester, who speckling on the tips of the petals. Raised
obtained it by crossing Hera Euryades with by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge
Earl of Tankerville. The broad dorsal sepal Wells.
is white, spotted with crimson-purple ; the Dendrobium Buttercup. This has been —
broad horizontal petals are yellowish tinged produced by crossing Rolfeas and signatum,
and spotted with reddish-brown the inside of
; the result being a good yellowish flower, in
the greenish labellum is dark crimson. which the attractive point is the large and
L.5:lio-Cattleya Beatrice.— Messrs. J. open labellum. The tips of the petals are
and A. McBean are the raisers of this attrac- rose-coloured. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong
tive hybrid between C. Schroderag and L.-C. and Brown, Tunbridge Wells.
callistoglossa. The large flower has the front Dendrobium Yellow Bird. —A useful
lobe of the labellum covered with rich addition to the yellow-flowering section. The
crimson-purple. parents are Alice Bound and signatum, the
 —

April, i()i5.] 'IHI': OF^CHII) WORIJ).

flower is of good substance, primrose-yellow, SEED RAISING FOR AMATEURS.

and entirely without spots or other colour in
[Continued from poge 141.)
the throat. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong
and Brown.
Odontoglossum Edwardimium. —The THERE
pleasure
always is

be obtained to
a certain
watching
amount
in
of

specific name of this hybrid suggests its the development of a seed-pod, and
parentage, Edwardii x eximium, but in the were it not so the period of twelve months
description of the flower, page 126, it was usually occupied would indeed be wearisome
accidentally omitted. waiting. As each succeeding week brings a
Cattleya QueenElizabeth. The — further increase in the size of the pod, so our
result of crossing Schroderae and Empress hopes of producing new and beautiful hybrids
Frederick. Flower of excellent shape, rosy advance proportionally. In such a large
mauve, the lip mottled with purple, the family as the Orchidaceae there are several
wide throat orange-yellow. Raised in the genera that produce and ripen their seed m
Scampston Hall collection by Mr. F. C. the space of about six months, but, unfortu-
Puddle. nately, these are not the popular kinds
Odontioda Lady Colman. — A brilliant generally cultivated by amateurs, so a full

red flower obtained by crossing C. Noezliana twelve months is necessary for the production
with Od. Queen Gatton (triumphans x
of of Cattleya, Dendrobium, Cypripedium and
percultum). Raised by Mr. Collier m the Odontoglossum seed. It matters but little at
Gatton Park collection. what time of the year the flower is fertilised,
Odontoglossum Farnesil — A singular for the seed is usually fully matured about the
result obtained by crossing Crawshayanum same week in the following respective season.
and Rolfeae. Sepals and petals dark crimson- Towards the expiration of the allotted
red, tipped with yellow, the well-developed period the seed-pod will assume a yellowish
flat labellum having the basal half rich appearance and eventually split down the side
crimson, the apical portion pure white. and allow the seed to be scattered by the
Column and wings yellow. The first Odonto- wind. This, of course, is what would happen
glossum hybrid to flower of those raised by if no attention is given, but it is advisable to

Mr. Fames m the Ashtead Park collection. watch the ripening pod and cut it off a few
Odontoglossum Admiral. — The result days before the actual process of splitting
of crossing Pescatorei and eximium. Raised commences. The seed is best shaken out on
by Messrs. Sander and Sons. a dry sheet of paper, which should be folded
Odontoglossum Ariel. A pretty hybrid — up and placed in an envelope, full particulars
obtained by the use of Andersonianum var. of the cross and the date of ripening being
Ruckerianum and eximium, the raisers being written on the outside. It is not advisable
Messrs. Sander and Sons. to keep the seed longer than necessary, for it
Odontioda Sultan. — One of the distinct is easily affected by atmospheric conditions

Odontiodas, the wide flower being of a rich a good place can generally be found in the
dark crimson, and of good substance. Raised —
dwelling-house on no account should it
by Mr. Geo. W. West Wickham, Kent,
Bird, remain in the humid atmosphere of the
the parents being 0dm. crispo-Harryanum greenhouse or germination may be prema-
and Oda. Charlesworthii. turely excited and render it useless for future
Odontioda Gladys. — An extremely work.
pretty hybrid obtained from Od. Pescatorei There are many species that flower during
and Oda. Bradshawias. The large whitish the dull autumn and winter months, and
flower having all the segments bordered with consequently ripen their seed during similar
bright rose, the central areas spotted with conditions this
; seed must be carefully
Raised by Mr. Geo.
scarlet-red. W. Bird, preserved until a more favourable time, for
West Wickham, Kent. except in very expert hands it is almost
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

impossible to effect germination during such and often refuse to make the slightest
adverse conditions; and, moreover, if seedlings advance. Speaking generally, hybrids are
are obtained they rarely grow as well as those much more easy to raise than species they ;

raised in the spring and summer months. appear to have a robust constitution and are
The vitality of Orchid seed is not like the able to withstand many of the atmospheric
proverbial mustard and cress, which has only changes that frequently prove fatal to species.
to be sown on a moist medium to ensure a Dendrobiums are by no means difficult
good crop being obtained m a few days. subjects to raise from seed, and when once
Amateurs often expect the pod to contain fairlyestablished they make rapid progress
seeds as large as those of the sweet pea, during each summer season. This genus is
which is not unreasonable when the robust very suitable for cultivation in the English
nature of the bulbs is considered, but when climate, for the plants make their growth
only a dust-like material is discovered the pod during the best of the summer weather,
is often thrown away as useless. The best of and rest when the winter conditions are
Orchid seed is never much more than a dust- unfavourable. This
is an important point for

like substance, and although often described amateurs to consider, and may save them
as microscopic material its nature may be much trouble and anxiety when a continuance
fairly well discerned by means of a pocket of frosty weather makes it difficult to maintain
lens. No mention appears to have occurred high inside temperatures. Dendro- A pan of
of anyone counting the seeds contained in a bium months
seedlings, not less than twelve
single pod, although estimates vary from old, may be suspended in any Cattleya house
many thousands to half a million, but all this during the winter months, the compost being
little matters to the practical man, for in the kept on the dry side until growth recom-
great majority of pods there is plenty to be mences in the spring time, when an increased
found for all ordinary requirements. An temperature and additional atmospheric
expert raiser once told the writer that he moisture will prove beneficial.
never thought of sowing more seed than could With all seedlings, and, in fact, with
be placed on the end of the blade of his everything used in their cultivation, the
pocket knife. But no such success should be utmost cleanliness is one of the important
expected by amateurs, who are without much points to bear in mind. The staging, in
of the necessary skill and labour, and who particular,must be kept entirely free from
must content themselves with the prevailing accumulations of dirt and mossy growth, or
condition of their houses. insect pests are sure to make it a hiding-
Noweven the most skilful raiser finds a place, from whence they emerge at night
remarkable difference in the germinative time and devour the tender seedlings. All
capacity of the various genera and species. seed-pans are best isolated by being stood on
Some seeds germinate on almost any moist inverted pots placed in saucers of water, and
substance, while others are particularly shy staging used for young plants is best
 :

April, 191 5.] THE ORCHID WORLD.

can mlo dust-like iind worthless substance;

;i

even the tender secnllings are uprf)oted and

fall a prey to his comparatively gorgeous

appetite. To
clear out this pest is by no
means and many methods have been
easy,
tried, the most successful being frequent
fumigation and spraying with a weak insecti-
cide. Another way is to culti\ ate some of the
fly-catching plants alongside the seed-pans,
the Droseras and Pinquiculas being specially
effective in this matter; the leaves of the latter
Dendrobium seedling at 1 8 months.
can often be seen with hundreds of small flies
adhering to their sticky surface.
constructed in such ;i way that no slugs can
gain access to it.

One of the troubles that come to both

expert and amateur is a species of small fly ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
that works considerable damage to the surface SOCIETY.
of the seed-pan compost. This little insect
appears to reap immense delight by gnawing March 2nd, 1915.
at the mossy particles and tearing up all he Members of the Orchid Committee present
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (m the chair), Sir
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (hon.
sec), Gurney Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, F. Sander,

J. Wilson Potter, R. G. Thwaites, P. Ralli,

F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, F. M. Ogilvie,
C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J.
Cypher, W. H. Flatcher, J. E. Shill, W. P.
Bound, G. Hunter, W. H. White, A. Dye,
S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, R. Brooman White
and Clive Cookson.

First-class Certificate.

Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano - Schrodera?,,

Shrubbery variety (B. Digbyana x C. Schro-
derae alba), from F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq.,
—
The Shrubbery, Oxford. Not only is this the
finest variety of its kind, but it is one of the
best of the Brasso-Cattleyas, the immense
labellum being the distinguishing feature.
The whole flower is pure white, except the
)'ellow disc m the throiit.

Award ok Merit.

Cattleya 01)'mpus (Octave DoinxWarsce-

from Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough.
wiczii),

— A very beautiful result resembling C.

Tityus, but showing more of the Warsce-
Dendrobium seedling at 2 years. wiczii parent. Flowers large, of excellent
 A

THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

shape, and rose coloured, the broad lip rich Included in it were fine varieties of Laelia
rose-purple and with a yellow blotch on the anceps, CymbidiumAlexanderi roseum,
side lobes. Laelio-Cattleya Myra, of clear yellow colour,
Other Exhibits. and excellent Odontiodas.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Cypripedium Peter (Dicksonianum "Countess
Pembury, exhibited Cattleya Trianas Griselda, of Carnarvon " x Thompsonianum), an excel-
with 6 flowers, of light rose colour, the lent flower also La^lio-Cattleya flammea
;

labellum being violet-mauve, thus rendering (higlibunensis x Haroldiana) of rich crmison-

the plant unique. inirjole colour, and .Sophro-Cattleya Atreus,
Baron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, Engle- of scarlet-red colour.
field Green, showed some excellent spikes of Messrs. Hassall and Co, Southgate,
Cymbidium Pauwelsii, each bearing upwards exhibited Cymbidium grandiflorum, the pretty
of 25 flowers. Odontioda Zephyr, and a fine variety of
F. J. Hanbury, Esq., East
Brockhurst, ivliltonia Bleuana grandiflora.
Grinstead, sent Dendrobium Miss Florence
E. King (Artemis x nobile nobilius), with March i6th, 1915.
large maroon disc to the lip and D. chessing-
;

tonense Hanbury's var., with copper-yellow j\I EMBERS

of the Orchid Committee present :

flowers. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (m the chair). Sir

The Rev. H. Monro, Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch,

G. Woodlands,
Binfield, Berks, exhibitedPhaius Wallichii, a Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), W. Bolton,

fine specimen imported from Assam.

Gurney Wilson, F. Sander, R. G. Thwaites,
F. J. Hanbury, P. Ralli, W. Cobb, J. Charles-
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat worth, J. W. Potter, W. P. Bound, H. G.

group containing several good Cymbidium Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. White, C. Cookson,

hybrids, and their type of C. insigne R. A. Rolfe, J. Cypher, C. J. Lucas and R.
also ;

Odontoglossum Ypres, of bright colour, Brooman-White.

Cypripedium Duke of Marlborough, of
yellowish colour, the elegant Coelogyne
Awards of Merit.
Lawrenceana, many Laeho-Cattleyas and
some excellent Lycaste Janetas (Skinneri x Rossiana), from
varieties of Cattleya Trianas.
Messrs. Stuart Low
and Co., Jarvisbrook,
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. —
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an very attractive hybrid carrying 8 large flowers

effective group in which were good examples

of light greenish-yellow colour, mmuteh'
of Dendrobium Wardianum and D. nobile, spotted with rose. It was originally raised

the interesting Saccolabium

by Mrs. Janet Ross, of Florence, the first
belHnum,
Oncidiums splendidum and Cavendishianum, plant flowering in i8gg.
" "
as well as Cattleya Percivaliana alba Little Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii Sir John French
(B.-C. Digbyano-Mossiae x C. Trianae), from
Gem.
Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. A remarkable —
flower of large size, the broad segments of
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an
attractive exhibit containing the rare Aerides
light rose-mauve, the immense labellum
vandarum. having the central area of bright greenish-
the new Cymbidium Butterfly,
orange, and the margin prettily fringed.
Masdevallia gargantua, a good form of Laelio-
Cattleya Cappei, and various Calanthes and
Cypripediums. Other Exhibits.
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
staged a good group of select hybrids for Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
which a Sih'er Banksian Medal was awarded. Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal
April, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD.

for some excellent specimens, incluclmg the Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, .Surrey,
charming Angrascum citratum, Coelogyne exhibited Odontoglossum Farnesii (Craw-
Sanders, the blue Zygopetalum Perrenouclii, shayanum x Rolfeas), with a large labellum,
Zygo-Cohix Charlesworthii, good Brasso- the base rich crimson, the apex juire white.
Cattleyas, the interesting Odontoma Magah Geo. W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, Kent,
Sander xanthotes, and several bright yellow exhibited Odontioda Sultan (cnspo-Harry-
Lasho-Cattleyas. anum x Charlesworthii), of dark crimson
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, colour ; O. Gladys (Pescatorei x Bradshawiae),
secured a Silver Flora Medal for an excellent a pretty hybrid with bright rose margin,
Dendrobium Wardianum, the new
exhibit of Odontoglossum eximium with claret-red
Cymbidium Butterfly, good varieties of C. blotches, obtained from crispum Lucianii, and
Gottianum, Coelogyne Sanderae, Odonto- Od. Queen Elizabeth, a promising seedling of
glossum Vulpex and several fine Brasso- unknown parentage.
Cattleyas. There was also a strong plant of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst,
Laslia Jongheana with large flowers. Pembury, showed his fine variety of Odonto-
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, glossum Amethyst, with a spike of 17 richly
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for coloured flowers.
an exhibit containing a handsome specimen Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham,
of the pretty Masdevallia triangularis, exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Mildred (B.-C.
Cattleya Octave Doin, C. Enid, with a spike Digbyano-Schroder^ x C. Schroderas), with a
of 5 flowers, the bright Leelio-Cattleya Myra, white flower, and Odontoglossum Edna, a
Brasso-Cattleya Menda, Cymbiclium hybrids pretty rose-coloured flower, of which Rossii
and Dendrobiums. rubescens is a parent.
Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, received Mrs. Norman Cookson, Wylam, showed
a Silver Banksian Medal for an exhibit in Odontioda Sibyl superba, with a spike of 10
which were several excellent Odontiodas, the reddish-crimson flowers.
noble Angr^cum sesquipedale, Laelio-Cattleya C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Sussex,
Lucia, L.-C. Dr. R. Schiffman, Cattleyas in exhibited Odontoglossum ardentissimum Eric,
variety,and Cymbidium Pauwelsii, less than with a spike of 35 richly coloured flowers.
good spike.
four years old, but carrying a Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, Cattleya Enid, Odontoglossum crispum
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an xanthotes, a pleasing variety of Odontioda
attractive exhibit containing pleasing varieties Bradshawiae, and O. Charlesworthii, a well-
of Cymbidium Alexanderi, C. eburneo- grown plant with a spike of 23 flowers.
Lowianum concolor, Cypripedium Lady
Chance, the richly coloured Odontoglossum
Groganiae and Odontioda Devossiana.
Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common,
was awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal for a MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY
neat group in which were a superb variety of
Odontoglossum ardentissimum, the .scarce O. February i8th, 1915.
Oerstedii with 24 flowers, choice varieties of Members of the Committee present Z. A. :

Brasso-Cattleya Queen Alexandra, Miltonia Ward, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. R.
Bleuana nobilior and Cymbidiums Pauwelsii Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J.
and Lowio-grandiflorum. Cypher, A. G. EUwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer,
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, J. Howes, A. j. Keeling, D. McLeod, C.
showed Odontioda Lady Colman (C. Noezliana Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G.
X Od. Queen of Gatton), of brilliant red Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary).
colour also Ocl. Lambeauianum, with a spike
;
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R.
of 22 flowers. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch Wm. Thomp- ;
 ;

i68 THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, 1915.

son, Esq., Walton Grange ; and Z. A. Ward, March 4th, 1915.

Esq., Northenden.
^Members of the Committee present Rev. :

Silver Aledals were granted to Airs. R. le

J Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
Doux, West Derby; F. A. Hnidle\-, Esq.,
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J.
Cypher, J. Evans,
Bradford ^^lessrs. C)pher and Sons, Chel-
;

A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartle}', J. Howes, J. Lupton,

tenham Messrs. Sander and Sons, St.
;

D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H.

Albans ;Alessrs. A. J. Keehng and Sons,
Ward and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Thorp, Z. A.
Bradford and ]\Ir. W. Shackleton, Bradford.
;

Large Silver Medals were aw^arded to

Other e.xhibitors mcluded S. Gratrix, Esq.,
R. Ashworh, Esq., Newchurch, and Wm.
iSh. 13. McLeod, and Messrs. Hassall and Co.
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, for excellent
exhibits.
Medals were granted to Col. J.
Silver
First-class Certificates.
Rutherford, Blackburn Messrs. Cypher ;

and Sons, Cheltenham and Messrs. Sander ;

Odontoglossum crispum Walton Beaut}',

and Sons, St. Albans.
good round flower, rich marble markings
Other exhibitors included A. J. Oakshott,
and Cypripedium aureum H\ eanum "Goliath,"
Esq., Birkenhead S. Gratrix, Esq., \\ halley
a large flower of the type, both from Wm.
;

Range J. Buttcrworth, Esq., Burnle\' ;

Thompson, Esq. ;

Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ;

Odontoglossum Herculaneum, a large

and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hard_\-.
round flower of perfect form, each of the
segments having a large blotch on the pure
white ground. One of the finest hybrid First-class Certificate.
Odontoglossums.
Cypripedium Desdemona " Haddon House Cypripedium Daisy Barclay var. nigrum, a
var." (Alcibiadcs ,x Mrs. Cary Batten), a very massive flower of deep colour, with broad, flat
petals, from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
hne flow^er, dorsal sepal 3 inches across, well
marked and margined with white, petals
IA inches wide, from P. .Smith, Esq. Awards of Merit.

Laelio - Cattleya Lucasiana var. atro-

Awards of ]\1erit. purpurea, and Odontoglossum illustrissimum
" W. L. Evans," both from W^m. Thompson,
Odontioda Patricia (Oda. Charlesworthii x Esq.
Odm. Phoebe), and Cypripedium Britannia, Odontoglossum excellens " ]\Irs. R.
parentage unknown, both from Wm. Thomp- Ashworth," and Odontioda Bradshawiae
" Ashlands var.," both from R. Ashworth,
son, Esq.
Odontioda Seymourje var. Mica (Charles- Esq.
worthii X Bradshawije), from R. Ashworth, Odontoglossum Aireworth " Rosy Gem,"
Esq. and O. amabile " Mrs. A. Oakshott," both
from A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
Awards of Appreciation. Odontioda West Point Beauty (Oda.
Bradshawiae x Odm. eximium), from S.
Odontioda Euterpe and Oncidioda walton- Gratrix, Esq.
cnsis (C. \'ulcanica ^ O. incurvum), both
from Odontoglossum maculum (maculatum x
Wm. Thompson, Esq. aspersum), from W'm. Thompson, Esq.
 NOTES
Then and Now. — In 1845 Dr. Lindley Birmingham.
Edgbaston, Thus the plant,
wrote :
— " We now proceed to give an account London, returns to the
after a brief visit to
of the species of another of those large genera surroundings it has long enjoyed. But there
of Orchids, which fiU our collections with their is something further to note, for O. Insleayi

species, and whose names are to be found was introduced by Mr. Barker, of Birming-
scattered through so many books that even ham, as long ago as 1838, and named m
the most skilful botanist scarcely knows honour of Mr. Insleay, at that time his
where to search for them, or when his inquiry gardener. It is pleasing to know that
is exhausted." What would this great Birmingham may proud of her
still be
Orchidologist have said concerning present- Orchids, for the collection formed by Mr.
day hybrids? Waters Butler ranks am^ongst the finest in the
country.
^tik

^.^ ^ ^
Mr. Chamberlain's Orchids. — The sale Back Bulbs. — In our issue of February,
of this well-known collection, which took 1914, we gave an illustration of the propa-
place April 15th and i6th, attracted a large gation of Odontogiossums by utilising the
number of visitors to Messrs. Protheroe and back bulbs, as carried on in the Linden House
Morris' rooms in Cheapsicle. The eagerness collection, Stanwix, Carlisle. The owner of
with which amateurs bid for the plants this collection, Sir Benjamin Scott, now sends
showed how great was the desire to obtain us excellent examples of the beneficial results
mementos of this famous collection, for go thereby obtained. A back bulb of a hybrid
where one may the names of Chamberlain Odontoglossum, bearing the name Edenense,
and Orchids have long been inseparable. A has been carefully grown on for two or three
special feature was the large number of seasons by his able gardener, Mr. Accleton,
strangers, people who had never previousl)' with the result that the flower shows
attempted the cultivation of these plants, but considerable improvement on that produced
who now wish to follow in the great by the original plant. The newly-made plant
statesman's footsteps, at least, so far as his has received every attention so far as its

garden walks were concerned. cultural requirements are concerned, and is

consequently abundantly supplied with

1^ ?<l ^ \ igour and nutritive material, the final result
being an excellent flower of large size and
Odontoglossum Insleayi. — Of the handsomely blotched with claret-purple. B_\-
several varieties of this Mexican species that this means not only can the stock of a
known as splendens is one of the best. At the favourite variety be increased, but the plants
sale of Mr. Chamberlain's collection a plant of are maintained in a healthy and vigorous
this variety, consisting of four bulbs, realised condition, which is a far more satisfactory
sum of 12 guineas, the
the comparatively high state of affairs than a number of worn-out
purchaser being Mr. W. Waters Butler, of plants sadly in need of skilled attention.

VOL. V. 22
I/O THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 191 5.

growing on a bare rock, with a quantity of

aead leaves ana grasses about us Duios, ana
us roots woven inco tne incerscices 01 tne rocK
ana mould about ir very mucn exposed to
;

me sun, e.xcepc auring tne middle 01 me day,

wnen a ledge ol rock seemed to atlord u a
Utile sliade. i afterwards found it in great
aounaance on tne rocky banks oi tne river
Micliatayal. i never saw it except in sucn

situations, generally exposed, and always

among rocks, i tie temperature generally ol

Lyc isle aromatica.

the above habitats is 68-70 degrees, and, trom
being exposed, cold at nights." Concerning
this fragrant species, Dr. Lindley remarks :
—
LycasTE aromatica. Although— this
'
Although not a very splendid plant, it is far
species has been known for nearly a century from being undeserving of notice. Its very
it has lost none of its value as an uiteresting glaucous hower-stem, the snow-white lip and
addition to the cool house, where, on account crimson petals, lying as it were 111 the middle
of its dwarf nature,
forms a suitable subject
it of dusky brown sepals, produce a singular
for the front of the staging.It is said to have and pleasing effect." This plant is remarkable
been first sent by Lord Napier from Mexico for the almost obsolete intermediate lobe of
to the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh some the labellum, and for the variety of colours
time previous to the year 1826. During the. present in the flowers, which are, however,
past few months it has been flowering freely variable in this respect. In habit of growth
in the collection of Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, the plants resemble better known O.
the
C.B., Borde Hill, Cuckfield, where it grows splendidum, but the keel on the back of the
well in company with a varied selection of leaf IS not nearly so well developed.
Lycaste Skinneri and other members of the
genus. L. aromatica produces many one- ^ U U
flowered scapes about 4-6 inches in height,
the colour of the sepals and petals being Mr. Frank Reader. — As chief cashier to
orange or golden-yellow, the three-lobed the Royal Horticultural Society Mr. Reader
labellum golden-yellow spotted with red. has just completed 25 years' service, and to
The specific name is derived from the pleasant mark their appreciation of the fact the
aromatic perfume which it freely emits. Dr. Council has him with a silver
presented
Lindley mentions a variety with " very clear teapot, sugar basin and cream jug, while the
yolk-of-egg yellow flowers, and the middle Treasurer, Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, has given
lobe of the lip dilated and almost two-lobed." SIX silver teaspoons and sugar tongs the ;

Secretary, Rev. W. Wilks, three Royal

^ ^ Worcester cups and saucers, and the offiice
staff a Japanese tea tray. This recognition
OncIIMUM .MICROCHILUM. vigorous —A Mr. Reader has well deserved, and it will give
batch of plants of this pretty species may be pleasure to his large circle of friends. His
seen m
the houses of Messrs. Stuart Low and never failing willingness to be of assistance
Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, where many other to others, more especially to members of the
similar kinds are also cultivated. O. Press, and those connected with the working
microchilum was discovered m Guatemala, in of the principal shows, has earned for him
1838, by Mr. G. Ure Skinner, who gives the considerable esteem, and done much towards
following particulars:- I found it on the the furtherance of that friendly feeling so
top of the Cuesta of Puentezuelas. It was conducu'e to the advancement of horticulture.
May, 1915.] THE ORCTIIl) WORLD. 17'

BULl!OI'HYr-LUM DICHROMUM. This inter- a Deiidrobe with lialf-a-do/cn or so blooms

has recently been
esting' species m flower in seems to be the finality which merits a front
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, ]jlace on the stall. The immense number of
Dubhn. It carried three spikes, each about seedlings raised accounts, of course, for much
10-12 inches in length, and bearing some 20 of the small size ofand the
the plants ;

or more flowers, bright yellow, the petals feverish anxiety to produce a new form or
striped with red, the lip claret-red. It was colour is all very well and commendable, but
imported from Annam by Messrs. Sander and one would like to see more often plants of a
Sons, through their collector Micholitz, and more mature character and fuller bloomed.
first flowered at Glasnevin, February, 1907. Take, for instance, the Cypripedium, how
It is allied to B. fuscopurpureum. often is a plant with a dozen flowers on it to
be seen at the shows ? Or, again, a Cattleya
^ with, say, 20-25 flowers? The number
nowadays seems normally about 4-5. Where
Odontoglossum Oerstedil— Concerning
are the plants of old times, which were a
this pretty little species with its white flowers,
was introduced
garden unto themselves? If now extinct
Messrs. Veitch state it

by them through their collector Endres

in 1872,and flowered for the first time
in England in their Chelsea nursery in
the spring of the following year. It is

a native of the highest slopes and

crests, at 7,000-9,000 feet elevation, of
Irasu and Turialba, in Costa Rica,
where it was discovered in 1848 by
Warscewicz, a sketch of an Odonto-
glossum made by him being believed
by Reichenbach to be referable to this
plant. It was afterwards found by Dr.
Oersted, whose name it perpetuates. Odontoglossum Oersledii.
Of late years the plant has been rarely
seen in cultivation, but an excellent specimen surely present day cultivation can produce
carrying no less than 24 flowers has been larger specimens more commonly. Is it not
exhibited recently by Mr. Harry Dixon, of more satisfying to view a well matured plant
Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth Common. with numerous blooms than to look at many
little plants with, perhaps, but a bloom
m m 1^
apiece. Cannot some of our growers gladden

The R.H.S. Exhibitions. — The impression our e)'es with larger specimens at the shows ?
—Alf. J. Paine, Wansiead.
leftupon me, after visiting the shows during
the last few months, is one of dissatisfaction,
which arises from seeing the diminutive m #
character of the usual run of Orchid plants
shown. Is the art of prolonged cultivation —
Cyrtopodiujis. Two handsome species
failing, or is the idea of variety overwhelming of this genus have just produced fine
in its demands, so that numbers and assort- inflorescences with Messrs. Charlesworth and
ment are the mam thoughts of exhibitors. If Co. The first is C. Andersonii, with sepals
this be the case, be regretted. One
it is to and petals yellow, faintly tinged with green,
thinks of the old shows on record, where size the lip rich yellow while the second is C.
;

of individual plant and large quantity of punctatum, with yellow flowers spotted with
bloom on it was a frequent sight, but latterly red. Both species grow to a height of 3-4 feet.
 THE ORCHIJ) WORLD. [May, 1915.

Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum ivory-white, the typical rose-purple markings

—
CITRINUM. Although we are accustomed to
speak of albino varieties as though there
existed but one kind, and that a pure white
flower, there are in fact two distinct sections
into which the various forms may be placed.
on the labellum having entirely disappeared,
their place being taken by some light
greenish-yellow lines on the inner part of the
side lobes and a few spots of the same colour
on the median part even these are barely ;

The first contains the true albinos, those \ isible except by transmitted light. The crest
flowers which are pure white on account of :s light yellow. At present the plant is small
losing their characteristic rose-purple colour and needs cultivation to bring forth its full
— be this in spots and blotches, or suffused merits, but the first spike of flowers suggests
over the whole flower —
and of which what interesting and beautiful results may be
examples are seen m albino varieties of obtained if it is used in conjunction with C.
Odontogiossum crispum and Cattleya labiata. eburneum. The plant has passed into the
The second section contains the yellow- collection Mr.
Philip Smith, Ashton-on-
of
grounded flowers, winch are also termed Mersey, and obtained an Award of Merit at
albinos when they lose their additional the meeting of the Manchester Orchid
Examples are to be seen
rose-purple pigment. Society, April ist, 191 5.

in Odontogiossum tnumphans aureum and

Cypnpeduim insigne .Sanderae. Thus the
removal of the purple colour leaves us with
pure white flowers in one case, and with
ODONTOGLOSSUM SYRINX.
)ellow flowers m the other. The latest Kege'jani crispum
addition to the yellow-grounded section is I

I
(Raymond Crawsliay)
Odontogiossum Hunnewellianum citrinum,
walfoniense crispum
which has been flowered by Mr. Fred. J. I I
(Luciani)
Hanbury, of Brockhurst, East Grinstead. In \

Syrinx
this interesting variety the sepals and petals
are entirely devoid of spotting, being of clear It is very interesting to see how the laws
citron-yellow colour, while the whitish of Nature work regarding the preservation
labellum has light brown spotting of a faint of species from annihilation by hybrids.
nature. It is also of interest to note that Considering the heavy blotched parentage of
while the labellum is invariably the first this hybrid, it would be almost reasonable to
segment toshow spotting, it is the last to lose expect the fixing of the markings, as I

it. O. Hunnewellianum appears to have selected a very deeply blotched waltoniense

first flowered m England in the year i88g, for the purpose.
while thewell-known natural hybrid O. The first plant to bloom has a light creamy-
Adrians (crispum x Hunnewellianum) was white ground colour, almost a " self," over all

first exhibited by M. Linden in 1897, since the segments, the sepals having three or four
when it has turned up in large quantities, and brown spots, the petals one only in each of
has been mated with crispum, the result, the two flowers, the lip a central blotch and
known as Fascinator, resembling closely some spots at the sides the column is brown ;

many of the so-called spotted crispums. headed, the wings tinted ;

the anther-cap has
a brown shade. The lip recurves as does that
f<M M p of crispum Luciani, and is " varnished " all

over, as is the case m Kegeljani.

Cymbidium insigne album. Who ever — It IS interesting to record a case of such
thought of an albino variety of C. insigne? marked reversion to crispum pure and simple,
yet such indeed has appeared amongst a although, of course, heavily blotched forms
number of plants cultivated by Mr. Wm. will result from the cross.
Bolton, of Warrington. The whole flower is r/f' B. Crawshay, Roseficld, March 28th, igi S-
 .

May, 1915.] THR ORCHID WORLD. 173

Odoniioda Gladys {Odm. Pescalorei ^ Oda. Bradshawia)

ODONTIODA GLADYS. Bradshawiaf"), raised by Mr. Geo. W. Bird, of

West Wickham, Kent. The parentage shows
ELEVEN years ago we were all startled
Odontioda
two original
that the specific characters of the
Odontiodas have been combined in a most
by the introduction of
Vuylstekese (C. Noezliana x O. Pesca- pleasing manner, as may be seen in the
torei), for until that time, May, 1904, the accompanying illustration. It may be said
prevailing colour in spotted Odontoglossums that the flower is one half Pescatorei, one
was rose-purple, with occasional shades of quarter crispum and one quarter Noezliana.
brown. The addition of Cochlioda Noezliana, The cream-coloured flower has the central
with its scarlet-red colour, marked the area of each segment neatly spotted with
commencement of what has since proved to scarlet-red, while around the margin is a band

be one of the most welcome additions ever of bright rose. These two attractive colours,
made by the hybridist to the Orchid family. together with the bright yellow crest on the
In January, 1907, appeared Odontioda labellum, make up a truly picturesque flower.
Bradshawise (C. Noezliana x O. crispum),
which was soon followed by a rapid succession VandA CRISTATA. — This singular and
of others, the number of crosses now recorded pretty Vanda has been in flower with Messrs.
being astonishing. To the Odontoglossums Sander and Sons, and also Messrs. J. and A.
has been added a whole series of flowers, the McBean. It is a native of the lower or tropical
markings on which vary from small spots to Himalayan zone, and appears to have been
large blotches, and even total suffusion, the first gathered by Dr. Wallich in 18 18, who

colour ranging from bright scarlet to dark sent it to the Royal Gardens, Kew, where it
crimson. flowered for the first time in Europe. Messrs.
While both O. Vuylstekea; and O. Brad- RoUisson, of Tooting, flowered it and
in 1 842,
shawiae will remain historic as being the first were probably the first to distribute it among
and second hybrids respectively of C. the Orchid collections of Great Britain.
Noezliana, one of the latest results be is to Flowers greenish, the lip with red-purple
seen in O. Gladys (Odm. Pescatorei x Oda. lines.

VOL. V. 23
174 THE ORCHID WORLD. [M:iy, 1915-

Odontinda Zenobia.

ODONTIODA ZENOBIA. two most plentiful and useful Odonto-

glossums, crispum and Pescatorei, are

EVER
m May,
since the first

1904,
Odontioda flowered,
there has been a
combined with the richly coloured Harry-
anum. In the majority of percultums the
continual flow of novelties, more so labellum is rose-coloured, doubtless due to
than IS perhaps necessary to sustain an Harryanum influence, while the shape is that
interest m these attractive flowers, yet, of Pescatorei — broadest at its apex —owing to
although no one can say there are too many, this species being on both sides of the
or that there are any signs of their popularity parentage. A glance at the adjoining illus-
decreasing, the interest is gradually passing tration will show how this characteristic is

into the newer and finer varieties. It does perpetuated in Zenobia.

not seem to matter much how the various We must now consider the other parent,
species of Odontoglossum are combined with Oda. Charlesworthii. The outstanding attrac-
the pretty little Cochlioda Noezliana, for tion in Zenobia is the glorious crimson-red
whenever it is used there is bound to be a colour of its sepals and petals, this being
considerable amount of scarlet-red coloration richer than that yet seen in any other
in the offspring, but to achieve the finest Odontioda. It is mainly due to the Cochlioda
results considerable experience in blending species, and also to ardentissimum, for in the
the various component species is necessary. making of the latter a richly blotched crispum
In Odontioda Zenobia we have as parents was used, and those critics who have studied
two very beautiful hybrids, namely Odm. ardentissimums know how the influence of
percultum and Oda. Charlesworthii. The Pescatorei makes the blotching run over a
first is a cross between Rolfeae (Pescatorei x much larger area than is seen in the crispum
Harryanum) and ardentissimum (crispum x parent. Another point of interest is the
Pescatorei), in which it will be seen that the remarkable thick texture of all the segments.
M:.y, 1915.] 'IHK ORCFIIl) WORLD. 175

wlucli IS attnbulecl to Harryanuiii, and, 111 a R.H.S. AWARDS.

lesser degree, to the Cochlioda.
Odontioda Zenobia
Mr. F. Menteith
is

Ogilvie,
in the collection
The Shrubbery,
of
THE exhibiting of immature seedlings
brings forth several points worthy of
Oxford, where it finds most suitable surround- our careful consideration, and the
ings in company with many other superb following notes may, it is hoped, be of some
members of its class. When exhibited at the assistance in finding a solution to a problem
Royal Horticultural Society, March 24th, which has for some time past been on the
1914, it received a First-class Certificate. Our minds of members of the R.H.S. Orchid
illustration is reproduced from the Society's Committee, as well as others interested in the
Joiininl. subject.
An excellent variety of this hybrid received At a recent meeting of the above Committee
a similar award at the Manchester Orchid ;m Odontoglossum hybrid, flowering for the
Society, April ist, 1915, when shown by Mr. first time, and on a small seedling bulb, was

Wm. Thompson, who kindly sends the flower placed upon the table for inspection. The
to us for inspection. In this the labellum is meritorious nature of the flower caused one
almost equal in colour to that of the sepals member to propose a First-class Certificate,
and petals, while the prominent crest on the but others who intended voting m favour of
labellum is composed of ten fringed keels. the withheld their assistance when
same
A third example, bearing the varietal name another member enquired what was to be
Leeana, received an Award of Merit, Royal given the plant when it reached maturity and
Horticultural Society, April 13th, 191 5. In produced a still finer flower, if, as now-
this the apical portion of the labellum is pure proposed, the highest honour was granted.
white, while theand petals are of
sepals On the chairman suggesting that the
crimson-purple. When
viewed by transmitted Committee defer their award until the plant
light blotches are obscurely visible on the flowered again the following season there was
central portion of the petals. no further comment. The raiser of the plant
consequently received no encouragement, his
position being the same as if he had shown
the poorest weed.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ADRIXIA. It may be argued m the above case
that
the Society's award an Award of
other —
Anything from a pure Adrianae to an —
Merit should have been used, thus leaving
eximium, with a touch of Adnanas m it, the higher award available for the plant as
describes this hybrid. Copiously spotted on soon as it reached maturity. But against this
a cream-white ground of Adrianae form, treatment lies the fact that many First-class
rounded-up by the eximium, which was a very Certificates been have granted to other
fine one, was the first to bloom with me. seedlings of equal and sometimes inferior
Almost solid ground of purplish-brown with merit, consequently the granting to this plant
the peculiar tint of burnt brown derived from of what is virtually a second-class award
Hunnewellianum was the bloom with first to would at once place it m a detrimental
Mr. Armstrong, who crossed the flowers and position.
kindly gave me some seed to raise. If once it became known
that immature
At present, no reversion to crispum has seedlings Were from receiving-
prohibited
appeared, the tendency being towards the certificates there would be very few novelties
powerful little Hunnewellianum, which proves exhibited, and the Orchid amateurs as wel'
as strong a parent as Lindleyanum, and which as the general public would not only be
I have not much doubt was the basic species debarred from seeing many interesting plants,
in its own district. but they would be prevented from keeping in
de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, April iqth, igi S- touch with the progressive work of the
176 THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 191 5.

hybridist. On
account the Societ)- should
this which a First-class Certificate is granted.
offer every inducement to raisers in order that What does this award really mean ? According
the\- may bring forth their latest productions. to tradition it should convey to the minds of
Now is by no means easy to determine
it one and all that it is the best of its kind, a
exactly what this inducement should be. position which it may only hold for a few
Although the F.C.C. and A.M. awards have a weeks, for when first seen no one knows its
recognised value amongst a limited number true value. Evidently the intention of the
of the Society's Fellows, it is ver\- ques- Committee was to recognise the fact that the
tionable whether the general public have any raiser had made a meritorious advance, but

idea as to which of the two is the highest this would have been best effected by the

honour. In the \"ear 1862 a Second-class granting of an Award of Merit, leaving the
Certificate was brought into use, although, exact position of honour to be decided later,
unfortunately, it has long since remained in whenever our knowledge of the particular
abeyance, but it served to denote clearly the hybrid in question had advanced sufiicientl\'.
relative distinction. For exam.ple, in June, The tendency of the Committee is to grant
1864, Cypripedium Hookerae was exhibited awards as though made directly to the raiser
by Mr. B. S. Williams and received a Second- in recognition of his skill, although in
class Certificate, while in July of the same conformity with the R.H.S. rules they should
}ear Mr. W. Bull obtained a First-class be granted to the actual plant.
Certificate for anodier variety of the same
species. In this method of grading an\ one
can form a correct opinion of the comparative R.A.RITIES IN MR. COBB'S
value of the two varieties, but an Award of
COLLECTION.
Merit would determine no position whatever.
Now supposing First and Second-class
Certificates were only used for fully-grown DL RING the past few
following rarities have been flowering
months the

plants, the Award

of Merit could then be in Mr. Walter Cobb's collection, at
utilised for thoseimmature plants which the Xormanhurst, Rusper, the formation of which
Committee wished to recognise as worthy was commenced so long ago as 1869.
additions with a future before them by ;
Angrascum Leonis is in first-class condition.
so doing considerable encouragement and It was discovered by Leon Humblot in the
reward would be given to the raiser. \\ hen Comoro Islands, and introduced by him into
these A.M. seedlings reach maturity they can European gardens in 1885. It is a remarkable
then receive their due appreciation by the addition to the genus, and in a horticultural
awarding of First or Second-class Certificates, sense one of the most useful of Angraecums
as the case may deserve. on account of the freedom with which its
When the first seedling of a new hybrid chaste blossoms are produced. Botanically it

opens its flowers, how is it possible for anyone is a very interesting plant ; its leaves are
to tell whether of be good or bad ?
its kind it is to say, the upper surfaces on
equitant, that
It may be an average perhaps one
variety, or each side of the mid-nerve cohere to each
of the finest that will ever be seen, but its other, except at the base, like the leaves of
true position of merit can only be ascertained some species of Iris, and the blade is thence
by comparison with others of its kind. Thus brought into a vertical position and imparts a
it comes about that manv of the R.H..S. habit to the plant that is peculiar to the
First-class certificated plants are inferior to species so far as our present knowledge of the
those which have obtained an Award of Merit. genus extends. The ancipitous winged
Take, for example, the introduction of a pedicels, the funnel-like upper part of the
new h\brid that is recognised by man\- spur of the labellum, and the cleft rostellum
members of the Committee as an advance in are also notewortli\- characters.
the production of a beautiful flower, and to Odontoglossum Wallisii is now rarely seen
 A

May, KJ'S-I 'IHI' ORCMII) WORLD. '77

m cultivation. was discovcrd l)y VVallis in

It colours arc yell(jw and white; tin- side lobes
1868 on the Sierra Nevada, near Merida, of the labelluni are stri])cd with purple.
Odontoglossum na^viuni a pretty flower
in Venezuela, and sent by hiin to Linden's
is

establishment in Belgium, where it flowered of the better known cirrliosum habit. Its

m the spring of the following year. The history dates from 1 842, when it was
plant m Mr. Cobb's collection bears the discovered by Linden. The specific name

varietal name purum, which is, m fact, the denotes the " marked " nature of the flowers,
specific name given by Reichenbach m 1872. which are white spotted with reddish-purple.
The flower resembles the better known It IS a parent of three hybrids, namely Nerissa

C. Lindleyanum. (nasvium x crispum), Nephelc (naex'ium x luteo-

Vanda Denisoniana is a very pretty species purpureum) and Naevross (naevium x Rossii).
originally collected by Col. Benson, who
found it growing in sheltered and shaded
spots on large trees on the Arracan Mountains FLOWERS IN SEASON.
westward from Prome, and at an altitude of
2,000-2,500 feet, where the mean temperature CyPRIPEDIU.M hybrid. From Mr. Kenneth —
is about 70 degrees Fahr., and the average Palmer, Vyrnwy House, Llansamtffraid,
yearly rainfall is from go- 1 00 inches. This Mont., comes a very pleasing Cypripedium,
species flowered
first m
England in Messrs. having the expansive dorsal sepal bright
Veitch's nursery at Chelsea, April, i86g, the apple-green bordered with white, and lightly
blooms being of a greenish-white colour. spotted on the central area the petals, which ;

Leptotes bicolor, also known as Tetra- are neatly crimped on the upper margin, are
micra bicolor, is a late winter and spring- yellowish with slight crimson-brown shading
flowering species that was first introduced and spotting. There is evidence of Spicer-
about the year 1831. Its native home is the ianum, insigne, and villosum m the flower,
Organ Mountains, and under cultivation it is and a combination such as nitens Sallieri
best accommodated m shallow pans suspended (insigne x villosum) x Leeanum giganteum
from the roof of an intermediate house. The (insigne x Spicerianum) would probably yield
sepals and petals are linear-oblong, white, and a similar flower. An attractive Odontioda is

the hp has two very short lateral lobes and also sent, the colour being rich scarlet-red,
an oblong front lobe nearly as long as the due, of course, to Cochlioda Noezliana, which
petals, white, streaked with purple on the so dominates the other parent as to completely
disc. It is one of the parents of Lepto-Laeha hide its characteristic points. The plant
Veitchii, the other being L. cinnabarina. carries a spike of 23 flowers.
Broughtonia sanguinea is interesting as Odontoglossum Iago. A flower of this —
being one of the earliest Orchids cultivated in hybrid between Harryanum and Hunnewel-
England, it having been introduced to the lianum is sent by Mr. Eustace F. Clark, of
Royal Gardens at Kew in 1793. It is a native Evershot, Dorset, and is of interest on account
of Jamaica, where it is found growing on the of the proof it gives of the great power of
trunks of trees not far from the seashore, many of the smaller flowering species. In
often in company with Brassavola nodosa. this case the blackish colour of Hunnewel-
The crimson colour of the flowers renders it lianum has permeated the whole of the
very attractive. Plenty of bright light, heat Harryanum markings.
and moisture are its principal requirements. Cymbidium Alexanderi rubellum. —
Maxillaria luteo-alba is a very striking flower of this handsome h\brid, between
species, and one which, when well grown, insigne and eburneo-Lowianum, is sent by
yields an abundance of large flowers. An Mr. B. J. Beckton, Irlams-o'-th'-IIeight,
illustration of a flne specimen with 70 flowers Manchester. The wax-like segments are of
appeared m the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., pinkish-white, the labellum boldly marked
p. 41. As the specific name denotes, the with q. ruby-coloured blotch, as also is the

VOL. V. 24
 A A

178 THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, lyi.S-

column. The spike carries lo flowers. When this cross between Cochlioda Noezliana and

this variety was exhibited by [Messrs. A. J. Oncidium macranthum, of which excellent

KeeHng and Sons at the Manchester Orchid flowers are sent by Sir Benjamin Scott, of
Society, December i/th, 1914, it obtained an Linden House, Stanwix, Carlisle. Notwith-
Award of Merit. standing tlie fact that the intense scarlet-red
Odontioda Madeline var. sola. — colour of the little Cochlioda parent has
\ ery remarkable flower of this hybrid comes per\ aded the whole flower, there is undeniable
from ^Ir. Wm. Thompson's collection at evidence of the Oncidium species. O.
Walton Grange, tlie labellum being consider- Cooksonia- should be represented m every
ably richer m coloration than the other collection.

segments. The parentage of this plant is ODONTOGLOSSU.M ARDENTISSLMU-^L —

Odontioda Charlesworthii x Odontogiossum \"ery fine \ariety of this h)brid comes from
crispum solum, and the striking manner in Mr. Goodson's collection, at Fairlawn, Putney.
which the heavily blotched labellum of the It bears the name of his gardener, Mr. Geo.

latter parent is perpetuated m the seedling" is E. Day, who has brought it to an excellent
the reason for Mr. Thompson adopting the condition of thick substance and bright
same varietal name, although, of course, when coloration. From the same source we receive
used in conjunction with a feminine subject various varieties of Odontogiossum Calypso
(Odontioda) its form is changed to sola. (triumphans x Lambeauianum), in one of
Oncidium Gardnerl Mr. Wm. Bolton, — which all evidence of the Harryanum species
of Warrington, sends some interesting has disappeared, leaving a flower precisely
Oncidiums, of which that bearing the name similar to excellens (triumphans x Pescatorei).
Gardneri is the most attractive, by reason of OdonTOGLOSSUM HYBRID. —A pleasing
its brightly coloured segments. This is no hybrid Odontogiossum of bright yellow colour
doubt a natural hybrid, possibly between is sent by Mr. A. G. Grant, of Rugby House,
Forbesii and dasytyle, although no one has Cleethorpes. The formation of the labellum,
as }-et raised it artificially. The bright with its large central blotch, shows that
golden-\ellow labellum is marked near the triumphans is responsible for the yellow
margin with crimson-brown spots. colour, and this species when used in conjunc-
CypripediU}.! MEROPE.--An excellent tion w ith crispum gives us the hybrid known
variety of this primary hybrid between as harvengtense.There is also slight
Chamberlainianum and hirsutissimum is evidence of Harryanum, the whole flower
kindly sent by Mr. R. Windsor Rickards, of reminding one of Wiganianum (harvengtense
Usk Priory, IMonmouthshire. Both parents X Rolfeje). From the same collection comes
are well represented and blend 111 pleasing Cattleya Trianas " Emilias," an attractive
iashion. The apical ends of the lateral petals flower in which the bright purple on the
and the labellum are similarl\- covered with labellum covers the whole of the apical
niimile purple spots on a rose ground, thus portion, the broad petals being an additional
giving additional proof of the close relation- point of merit. Doubtless it will improve still

ship existing between these three segments ;

further as the plant gains m strength.
ithas long been admitted that the labellum is OdontoglossuMS. — From the collection
in reality a modified petal. The dorsal sepal of Mr. H. T. Pitt, Stamford Hill, is sent by
is greenish, vertically veined and spotted with Mr. Thurgood a good variety of O. Vuyl-
dark purple-brown. Hirsutissimum is repre- stekei, the richly coloured O. Gundreda
sented by the hairy nature of the petals as (Edwardii x Hunnewellianum), O. Wigan-
well as their undulating upper margin, while ianum, of bright yellow, with a few spots, and
the other parent is responsible for the Laelio-Cattleya Avoca (L. Latona x C.
additional flower buds on the spike. Trianae), m
which the cmnabarina species,
Oncidioda Cooksonl^:. Among the — derived through the former parent, imparts a
most remarkable hybrids may be included pleasing tint.
 M;iy, T915.] 'IIII' ORCHID WORLD. '79

Odonloglossum minim. The Dell variety. (R.H.S. Journal.)

OdONTOGLOSSUM MIRUIM. — In the making with those of crispum, so the spotting lessens
of this handsome hylirid two weh-known accordingly. The aim of the hybridist has
Colombian species are concerned. The first been to obtain flowers having both wide
is O. crispiim, with its broad-petaUed white segments and massive blotches, an event nc)t
segments, usuaUy unspotted, wliile the second often accomplished. By crossing Wilckeanum
is O. kiteopur]iureum, with narrow sepals and with good blotched variety of crispum
a
petals of dull yellow heavily spotted with success has been achieved, several seedlings
dark brown. As they grow intermixed it is showing the much desired characters. The
not surprising to find a hybrid between them name mirum is applied to all hybrids of this
occasionally appearing in importations of O. parentage, and our illustration shows one of
crispum. To this thename Wilckeanum has the best. The Dell variety, which carried a
long been applied. The general form shows an spike of 15 flowers, and obtained a First-class
improvement over that of luteopurpureum, but Certificate when exhibited by B;iron Schroder
the more the segments widen in conformity at the Temple Show, May, 191 1.
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 191 5.

Cattleya IVarscewiczii oar. Frau Melanie Beyrodt.

CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII. to be the limit of variation was reached,

rendering further progress extremely slow.
the early days of hybridisation no great I,ittle wonder then that the hybridists turned

IN importance was attached to the varieties their attention to some of the distinct and
of parents used, the mere production of rarer albino varieties of the popular species,

a hybrid quite satisfied the ambition of both with the hope that some, at least, of the results
raiser and subsequent owner but in course of
;
would carry forward their special charms,
time the desire to produce something finer more especially that of perpetuating the
caused better parents to be used, and so the :ilbino characteristic in the resulting progeny.
standard gradually rose until what appeared Take, for example, Cattleya Warscewiczii.
May, 1915.] 'IF1I<: ORCIIII) VVORI.l).

Ill iii.iiu' li\'l)ri(ls 111 which this species is a NFW HYBRIDS.

parent quite an ordmary variety was used,
although the results achieved in the early OdONTOGLOSSU.M AliKIEUM. -The result

days were considerably prized. Better results of crossing Adrianie and illustrissimum. The
were obtained when finer varieties were used, ])lant, which carried a spike of 12 flowers,
namely, those of the saturata type, in which vecrixed an Award of Merit, Manchester
the labellum is almost covered witli crimson- Orchid Society, March l(Sth, 1915, when
purple. In the variety known as Frau exhibited by Mr. Wm. Thompson.
Melanie Beyrodt, of which we give an OnONTIODA MaNCUNL\. -The rc-sult of
illustration, there is an excellent subject for crossing Oda. Bradshawia" and Odm. Rio
creating hybrids of the albida section, or, m Tinto. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons.
other words, flowers with white sepals and OnONTOGLOSSUM St. Eloi. -A pretty
petalsand a coloured labellum. To maintain addition to the Edwardii hybrids, the
these valued characteristics some care in the parentage in this case being Thomi^sonianum
selection of the other parent is needed, for if and percultum. Flower of reddish-brow^n
flowers with purple coloured sepals and petals colour with yellowish tips to the segments.
are used the results will be very disappointing. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons.
One of the first successes obtained by the OnONTOGLOSSUM Nancv. — The result of
use of this variety of Warscewiczii was C. crossing Edwardii and excellens. Raised m
Hardyana alba, the sepals and petals being Mr. Pitt's collection, Rosslyn, Stamford Hill.
either pure white or cream coloured, and Odontoglossum Panama. — The parents
making a pleasing variation to the typical of this pretty Edwardii and
hybrid are
forms of this natural as well as artificially Adrianas. Raised by Mr. Thurgood, in the
raised hybrid. Rosslyn collection, Stamford Hill.
Cattleya Enid alba is another fine result L.^:lio-Cattleya Prometheus. This —
produced by the use of this white Warsce- hybrid is the result of crossing L.-C.
wiczii and Mossiae Reineckiana, the orange- Gottoiana and L. Cowanii.
yellow in the throat remaining as usual. L,-elio-C!attleya Yellow Bird. -A fine
In the case of L.-C. Britannia alba the other addition to the yellow-flowering section has
parent is L.-C. Canhamiana alba (purpurata been made by Messrs. Flory and Black, who
X Mossiae), the results showing various have produced this bright orange-yellow
degrees of purple coloration of the labellum. flower by means of L.-C. Doris (harpophylla
As time goes on we shall obtain albida X Trianae) and L.-C. G. S. Ball (cinnabarina x
flowers of many of the well-known hybrids of Schroderaj).
Warscewiczii, and those built up with such L.elio-Cattleya Panama. — This is the
good things as Loddigesii alba and Dussel- result of crossing C. Parthenia " Prince of
dorfei Undine cannot fail to be extremely Wales " and C. Trianae alba, yielding a
useful and attractive. pleasing white flower. Raised by Messrs.
Our reproduced photograph is of a plant Flory and Black.
growing in 'the collection of Mr. Clement OdONTIODA Nebula. — By using crispum
Moore, Hackensack, New Jersey, U.S.A. as a seed bearer and Odontioda chelseaensis
Cattleya Warscewiczii was discovered about (C. vulcanica x O. crispum) as a pollen parent,
the year 1848, the first collection being lost Messrs. Flory and Black have produced this
through an accident to the ship conveying the enlarged form of the Odontioda parent.
plants down the river Magdalena, and it was CypripEDIUM Canopus. A flower of this —
not until 1870, when Roezl re-discovered the new hybrid comes from the raiser, Mr. F. C.
species, that it became plentiful in gardens. Puddle, of Scampston Hall Gardens, Rilling-
The flowering season extends from July to ton. The parents are Psyche (niveum x
September, the spike being produced before bellatulum) and Lawrenceanum, the dorsal
the resting season, sepal being greenish and veined with
 —

THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 1915.

crimson ; the drooping petals are broad, lanum received a First-class Certificate,
lieavily marked with dark crimson hnes and Manchester Orchid Society, April Tth, 1915, i

suffusion of the same colour the whitish lip ;

when exhibited by Mr. \Vm. Thompson, of
IS speckled with rose-crimson. Walton Grange, Stone. The flower is almost
SorHRO-CATTLEVA LODDIGESII. — This covered with minute reddish-purple spots,
hybrid is included in the sale catalogue of producing a pretty effect.
IMr. J. Chamberlain's collection, with the Cattleya Queen Bess. On page 163 of —
remarls ;
" This cross has flowered here, but our last issue we described a new hybrid
shows no trace of Sophronitis in the flower." under the name Cattleya Queen Elizabeth,
The parentage given is C. labiata x S.-C. which is already in use for another cross on ;

Chamberlainiana. that account the hybrid between C. Schroderae

L.elio-Cattleya Chamberlainiana. — and C. Empress Frederick is re-named Queen
This hybrid between L.-C. Amelia (cinna- Bess.
barina x intermedia) and L.-C. elegans
! urneri is included in the sale catalogue of
Mr. J. Chamberlain's collection.
JOHN DAY'S ORCHID
C attleva HER>.riONE. Harrisoniana and — DRAWINGS.
F. ldorado Wallisii are the parents of this
hybrid,
catalogue of Mr.
which forms
J.

Odontoglossum Laurence Bresson.—

an item in
Chamberlain's collection.
the sale
WE havementioned a fine
already
drawings of
collection of coloured
Orchids at one time belonging
This hybrid, of which the parentage is given to John Da)', the celebrated amateur of
as Meteor and illustrissimum, received an Tottenham, which on being sold by auction
Award of Merit, Manchester Orchid Society, became the property of Sir Jeremiah Colman,
when exhibited by Mr. J. Butterworth, Bart., of Gatton Park, Surrey. There is,
April 1st, 1915. however, a second collection now preserved
Odontioda LUMINOSA. —A very inter- at Kew, and of which the Kcw Bulletin,
esting hybrid between Odm. Rossii rubescens 1906, p. 177, gives the following interesting
and Oda. Charlesworthii, and in which the account :

spotting former
of the parent has quite In .September, 1902, Mrs. Wolstenholme,
disappeared. Received a First-class Certifi- of High Cross, Tottenham, sister of Mr.
John
cate, Manchester Orchid Society, April ist, Day, well known during his period as an
when exhibited by Mr. R. Ashworth. amateur grower of Orchids, presented to Kew
Odontoglossu.m Phillipsianum. — The the very valuable collection of drawings of
result of crossingluteopurpureum Vuylstek- cultivated Orchids made by that gentleman.
eanum and eximium, the flower being of Mrs. Wolstenholme had previously bequeathed
orange-brown tints, the labellum elongated. the collection to Kew, but felt that she was
Flowered by Mr. C. J. Phillips, The Glebe, delaying its usefulness by keeping it in her
Sevenoaks. possession. As delivered at Kew, it consisted
OdontoglossuMS. The following have — of 53 oblong books of about 90 pages each,
been raised and named by Mr. Richd. with a complete index. The books have since
G. Thwaites, Streatham Flill Ardennes : — been bound in 17 volumes, and they contain,
(Thwaitesii x ardentissimum) and Clovis approximately, 3,000 coloured drawings, with
(Wilckeanum x Lambeauianum). about 500 in sepia, besides original notes and
DendrOBIUM Zeno. The parents of — this a large number of from the
cuttings
bronze-yellow hybrid are chessingtonense and Gardeners and other papers
Chronicle
Thwaitesiae. Raised in the Gatton Park relating to Orchids. We have not succeeded
collection by Mr. Collier. in finding any published biography of the

Odontoglossum- Rayonatum. This — author, and only a few scattered facts

hybrid between venustulum and Lambeau- concerning his life and his collections. But
 ;

May, 191 5.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 183

Mrs. Wolstenholme has comnuuucated the "

We have mentioned Durham because his
toUowing" particulars :
— name occurs here and there in Day's books,
"
John Uay was born on February 3rel, appended to a drawing of a flower or a plant,
1824, m London, where his father, a city and because he appears to have given Day
merchant, resided until 1840, when the family lessons in drawing. In Book IV., p. 10, for
removed to a pleasant old house in Tottenham. instance, there is the note appended to a
Atcer his latner's death, m
1 85 1, he continued drawing of Cattleya bicolor :
'
My ninth
to live at the old house, and from there he lesson.' At p. 66 of the same book is a
married in 1853 ; but losing his wife in 1857 coloured drawing of Cattleya Schilleriana
he sold the old home and joined Mr. splendens, and the following note Drawn :
'

and Mrs. Wolstenholme at High Cross, by Mr. Durham, June, 1862 the first drawing ;

Tottenham, the present residence of Mrs. he ever did here. This from the plant bought
Wolstenholme. 1 hither, in 1858, he removed at Mr. Allen's sale at Stevens' m June, i860,
his large collection of cultivated . ferns, to and the subject of Mr. Durham's beautiful
which he had for some years devoted much drawing m Vol. VII., p. 11.'
attention. Shortly afterwards he took up the " In
1863 Mr. Day himself began sketching,
cultivation of Orchids. He built suitable the first sketch being dated January lOth, and
houses and soon hlled them with valuable he continued to make drawings up to within
plants. in course of time his collection a few weeks of his death, January 1 5th,
became one and most famous
of the richest 1888, the last but one bearing the date
of the period. Then his health broke down November 12th, 1887, the last being undated.
and he visited the Mediterranean countries, All the earlier ones are in ink, but in many
which gave him a zest for travelling to more cases he afterwards added coloured sketches,
remote places, and he subsequently went to always giving the date when done. The
India, Ceylon, Brazil, and Jamaica, in 1881, earliest sketches are somewhat rough and
previous to these longer journeys, his diagrammatic, though botanically correct
collection of Orchids was brought to the but he improved rapidly, and his later work
hammer, and realised ^'7,000. Three plants was admirably executed, both as to drawing
ol Cypripedium Stonei platyaenium fetched and colouring. Day must have been very
over £400. Subsequently he again became a industrious at that period, for by the middle
collector of living Orchids, chiefly of rare and of February, 1864, he was half-way through
curious kinds, but latterly he devoted much his seventh book, where (p. 45) there is a
attention to the dried ferns he had collected coloured figure of Cypripedium purpuratum,
on his travels. He died on January 15th, with the following note :
'
This is the first

1888, and his second collection of Orchids drawing I attempted in colours, using Gerty's
was sold in May of the same year, when a paint-box. I was sufficiently satisfied with
small plant of the Cypripedium mentioned the result to buy a box for myself.' His
above brought the sum of £iS9 12s. satisfaction was quite justifiable, and his
" For some years Mr. Day employed Mr.
perseverance was soon rewarded with great
C. B. Durham, a miniature painter, who success. Practically all he did after this was
exhibited largely at the Royal Academy and coloured. In December, 1882, he wrote to
Suffolk Street Galleries between 1828 and Kew applying for a pass of admission to the
1858, to make coloured drawings of Orchids ; gardens before the general public in order
and from a note m the Kezv Correspondence that he might make drawings of the smaller, '

there were 300 drawings by this artist at a insignificant Orchids.' This was granted, and
cost of each. This collection, described writing again in 1866 he mentions that he had
as a very fine one, was sold by auction after drawn at least 70 that he had not seen
Mr. Day's death, iind is now the property of elsewhere. His last Kew drawing is dated
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., of Gatton Park, October 2gth, 1887. From time to time he
Surrey. presented living plants to Kew." W. B. H. —
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 191 5.

MASDEVALLIA BELLA.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
5-7 mches long. Scapes pendulous,
dull purple with an adpressed bract at
each joint and at the base of the
ovary ; o\ ary short, angular, blackish-
purple. Flowers solitary, large and
open, of triangular shape ; the sepals
pale )-eliow spotted with brownish-
crimson, thedenser on the
spots
ui)per sepal, rareron the lateral two
and chief!)' aggregated towards the
outer margin upper sepal triangular,
;

contracted into a long, slender,

reddish-brown tail, 3-4 inches long ;

lateral sepals larger, sub-rhomboidal,

connate to beyond the middle, and
contracted into long slender tails like

the upper one ;

petals small, obcor-
date, emarginate, yellow spotted with
red ;
lip with a short fleshy claw and
concave, shell-like blade, in the hollow
of which are numerous raised lines
radiating from the claw. Column
\ er\- small.
This curious and remarkable species
IS M. Chimjera, but is easily
allied to
distinguished from it by its large
shell-like labellum. It was discovered
by Gustav Wallis while collecting for
Messrs. Veitch in Colombia in 1873-4,
but who failed to send home living
plants. was introduced four years
It

later by IMessrs. Low and Co. Its

habitat is in the Frontmo district,
near Antioquia, on the western
Cordillera, at 5,000-7,000 feet eleva-
tion, where
grows under the same
it

conditions asM. Chimaera, and some-

times even mixed with it.
Masdevallias are mostly alpine plants, grown on a large scale by horticulturists, a
which have their home on the mountains of separate house is assigned to them, in which
tropical America, chiefl)- on that portion of they can be more efficiently treated according
the Andes that extends from Peru to the to their requirements, than when mixed with
Isthmus of Panama, and their continuation plants of other genera. When a separate
through central America into Mexican terri- house is so devoted to them, a lean-to
tory. They are usually cultivated in the cool with an east or north-east aspect should be
house with Odontoglossums, etc., but where preferred. Direct sunshine, or even consider-
the_\- are made a speciality by amateurs or able bright light, does not agree with them.
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD.

Oncidium Kramerianuni,

OnCIDIUM KrAMERIANUM. — This remark- fades another commences to form, the spike
able Oncidium was originally discovered by continuing to yield flowers for a considerable
Warscewicz on the slopes of Chimborazo in period. On weak plants it is not desirable to
Ecuador, at 3,000 feet elevation, about the allow the spike to remain after it has produced
year 1852, and was shortly afterwards its first flower. The plants are best accom-
introduced by him to the garden of Herr modated in shallow pans, with a fibrous

Jenisch, of Hamburg, where it flowered m compost, and placed in a light position where
1854, and after whose gardener, Kramer, it is the temperature averages about 60 degrees in
named. It continued to be very rare m winter and 75 in summer.
European gardens until its discovery in other
localities on the Andes of Ecuador and New
Granada. In the last-named country it has
been found on all the three Cordilleras at Chelsea Show. — This important exhibi-
1,000-3,000 feet elevation growing on old tion will be held on May and 20th.
i8th, 19th
trees more or less exposed to direct sunlight. On the day the gates v^'ill be open at
first

The flowers are produced from the apex of a I 2 noon, and on the second and third days at
tall and slender spike, and as soon as one 7 a.m.
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 191 5.

Odontoglossum Othmarschen.

Odontoglossum Othmarschen. — This Odontioda Zenobia Leeana. — The

beautiful hybrid of unrecorded parentage Gardeners' Chronicle, April 24th, 191 5,

received a First-class Certificate at the contains an excellent illustration of this

Chelsea Show, May 20th, 191 3, when hybrid, which was exhibited by Mr. W. R.
exhibited by Baron Bruno Schroder, The Lee, of Plumpton Hall, Heywood, at the
Dell, Englefield Green. The blotches are of meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society,
claret-purple colour on a light rose-tinted held April 13th, 1 91 5, when it obtained an
ground. Our illustration is reproduced from Award of Merit.
the R.H.S. Journal.
 — A

THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 19 1 5.

PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION, Islands about a year ago, and at the time I

did not think they would be in flower on the

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL, U.S.A.
opening day of the Exposition, but they have

THE present
Philippine
article regarding
Government Orchid Exhibit
the done remarkably well. I may state that it
has been my object to demonstrate how to
in this Exposition, which has just been grow these Orchids, and this, I believe, has
installed, is written in the interest of those pleased the visitors most. In the centre of
who are unable to visit this great World Fair. the house is a stagingfeet by 60 feet,
12
A very suitable conservatory has been which IS a mass of flowering Orchids. A
constructed to grow the Orchids, and to show garden seat has been built of Palm stems that
them off to their best advantage. There are have been brought over from the Islands,
about 700 plants of various Phalasnopses, many flowering Orchids being attached to
including Schilleriana, amabilis, rosea (eques- various portions. The Filipinos have also
tris),Luddemanniana, Aphrodite, and several brought over a very fine band, the music
fine natural hybrids of amabilis and Schil- being a daily event. W. E. Eglington, San
leriana. Most of these plants are growing in Francisco, Cal., U.S.A.
baskets made of the red wood, Sequoia [Mr. Eglington kindly sends a large photo-
sempervirens, which lasts in sound condition graph showing many of the above plants m
for about three years. flower, while m front of the group is a
There are over 100 plants of Dendrobium portrait of himself and his assistant, Mariano
superbum, growing in 6-inch baskets these ;
Reymundo, a ver)' intelligent Filipino.]
hnve made fine growths and belong to the
large flowering type. D. crumenatum is
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
doing well it is often spoken of as the Pigeon
SOCIETY.
;

Orchid There are many plants of D. Dearei

that have been flowering for the last 3-4 March 30th, 191 5.
months, the blooms lasting a considerable Members of the Committee present :
J.

time in perfection. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir

Other Dendrobiums include cariniferum, Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch,
with its red-crested lip Wardianum, creta- Messrs. [. O'Brien (hon. sec), R. Brooman-
;

ceum, with chalk- white flowers Cambridge- ;

White, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, C. J.
anum, chrysanthum, with rich yellow blooms ;
Lucas, W. Flory, W. H. White, A. Dye,
S.

Parishii, Dalhousieanum, crassinode, crepi- J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, J.

datum, bigibbum and infundibulum. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong, F. J.
Cypripediums are represented by some fine Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, R. G.

plants of Argus and Philippinense. There is Thwaites, F. Sander, R. A. Rolfe and J.

also a large plant of Grammatophyllum Wilson Potter.

Fenzlianum, in hanging
a three-foot basket First-class Certificates.
in the centre of the house. specimen A fine Ljrlio-Cattleya J. F. Birbeck, Fowler's
Cymbidium Finlaysonianum is growing in a \ Hy. Greenwood),
ariety (C. Mendelii x L.-C.
14-inch pot it is a fine variety and flowers
;
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury. —
here for the first time. very large and elegant hybrid with light rose
In addition to the above-mentioned species sepals and petals, the immense labellum
there are excellent specimens of the following: rose-purple, the margin crimped. The spike
Cymbidium tignnum, Grammatophyllum carried three flowers.
multiflorum, Rh}-ncostylis retusa, brides Odontoglossum Mars, from J. Gurney
quinquevulnerum, Spathoglottis plicata, Fowler, Esq. — A remarkably fine hybrid, with
Saccolabium miniatum, Vanda Sanderiana, a branched spike of 22 broad-petalled flowers
V. lamellata Boxallii and V. Luzonica. each segment being
of reddish-claret colour,
These Orchids arrived from the Philippine bordered with a narrow white line.
 — :

May, 1915-] 'IMI' ORCHID WORLD.

Cuj/ruRAL Commendations. April 13th, HJ15.

Members Orchid Committee present
of the
To Mr. Balmforth, gr. to F. Menteith Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair). Sir Jeremiah
Ogilvie, Esq., for a group of 30 ])lants of Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (hon.
Dendrobium Thwaitesi.-E, Veitch's variety. sec), Gurney Wilson, W. Polton, J. I''.

To Mr. J. E. Shill, gr. to Baron Schroder, Hanbury, C. J. Lucas, W. PI. Hatcher, J.

for a plant of Odontoglossum crispo-
fine Wilson Potter, S. W. Flory, W. H. White,
Harryanum, with three spikes bearing a total A Dye, W. P. Bound, H. G. Alexander, J. E.
of 40 flowers. Shill, J. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, A. McBean,

F. M. Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites,

W. Thompson, Stuart Low and R. A. Rolfe.
Other Exhibits.
Awards of Merit.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, was Odontioda Zenobia Leeana (Odm. Harry-
awarded a Gold Medal for a splendid exhibit anum x Oda. Charlesworthii), from W. R.
of Dendrobiums, consistmg of nearly 400 Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood. An
plants. Also various special Orchids, several excellent example of this beautiful hybrid,
of which have already been certificated. sepals and petals wine-red, the apical half of
Silver Flora Medals were awarded to the labellum pure white.
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. and Messrs. Odontoglossum Leviathan, from W. R.
Sander and Sons. Silver Banksian Medals Lee, Esq. —
An immense flower of the amabile
were granted to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, section, the broad segments tinged with rose
Messrs. 'Stuart Low and Co., Messrs. J. and and heavily blotched and spotted with purple.
A. McBean and Mr. Harry Dixon. Ls^lio-Cattleya Nena (warnhamensis x
Baron Bruno Schroder, Englefield Green, Dominiana), from Messrs. Flory and Black,
exhibited Odontioda Cardinal (Oda. Vuyl- Slough. The spike carried five flowers, the
stekeae x 0dm. crispo-Harryanum), with a fine sepals and petals of reddish-orange, the lip
spike of large flowers well-blotched with ruby red. A pleasing hybrid.
scarlet-red. Also Odontoglossum Pescatorei
V eitchii, with a many-flowered spike. Cultural Co.almendation
¥. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., Oxford, To Mr. Collier, Jeremiah Colman,
gr. to Sir
exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii magnifica Bart., for specimen of Masdevallia
a fine
in splendid condition. Kimballiana, with a large number of orange-
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, red flowers.
showed an interesting" collection of Dendro-
bium flowers, and a selection of Sophronitis Other Exhibits.
hybrids. SirJeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,
Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, exhibited an interesting selection of the
exhibited Sophro-La?lio-Cattleya Niobe, of smaller flowering Orchids also Odontioda ;

excellent shape. Bradshawise purpurea, bright red, with purple

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, exhibited marg-in.
Odontioda Armstrongii var. Peerless (Oda. W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood,
Vuylstekea" x Odm. Armstrongas), a remark- exhibited a neat group, m which were
ably fine result, the flower being of good Odontioda Brewii Leeana, Cattle}'a Luedde-
shape and of the most intense crimson-purple manninna alba, Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii
colour. A Certificate of Appreciation was magnifica, and good Miltonias.
granted. H. .S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney,
Messrs. Plory and Black, Slough, showed exhibited S.-C.-L. Olive, with rose-purple
the interesting Pleurothallis hemirhoda, as flowers, and Odontoglossum " H. S. Goodson/'
well as Disa sagittalis and others. oi the ardentissimum class.
 :

THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 1915-

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, showed T. Armstrong, J. Cypher, W. P. Bound, W.

several new h\brid Odontoglossums. Bolton,J.
Charlesworth, W. H. White, R. G.
C. J. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks, exhibited Thwaites, R. Brooman- White, W. Cobb, A.
Odontoglossum Phillipsianum (liiteopur- Dye, Wilson Potter, F. M. Ogilvie, S. Flory,
pureum Vuylstekeanum x eximium), with J. Shill,
Stuart Low, H. G. Alexander, W. H.
orange-red flowers. Hatcher, G. Hunter, C. J. Lucas, F. J.

W. H. St. Oumtin, Esq., Scampston Hall, Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe and C. Cookson.

Rillmgton, exhibited Brasso-Cattleya anessa V
(C. Trianae x B.-C. ^Marie), a very large flower FiRST-CLASs Certificate.
of light rose tint.
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii Fowler's variety, •

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards

from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst,
Heath, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal
for a group of excellent plants, including
—
Pembury. In every way a model flower, the
very broad petals and labellum being full)-
Angraecum sesquipedale, A. modestum, Odon-
developed and set in pleasing style.
tiodas Brewii, Joan and Zenobia, and
Odontoglossum hybrids.
Messrs. Sander and .Sons, St. Albans, were
Awards of Merit.
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat
Lselio-Cattleya Isabel Sander Gatton Park
exhibit of rare species, etc. A noteworthy
variety (C. Mossiae x L.-C. Canhamiana), from
plant was Seknepedium caudatum Sanderae ;

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,

Vanda Miltonia
also
h\ brids
the pretty cristata.

and the rare Maxillaria Fletcheriana

-Surrey. — A very pleasing result, in which the
thick white sepals and petals are well formed,
were m fine form.
the labellum faintly mottled with light rose.
Messrs. Stuart Lowand Co., Jarvisbrook,
Brasso-Cattleya Vilmoriniana The Shrub-
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a good
bery variet)- (C. ^Mossiae x B.-C. Mrs. J.
exhibit of Cattleya .Schroderae, Cymbidium
Leemann), from F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq.,
Lowgrinum, of L.-C.
a rich
Dommiana, and Dendrobiums dixanthum,
variet}'
—
Oxford. A very fine flower, of excellent
shape and particularly rich rose-purple colour,
Devonianum and Brymerianum.
the greater part of the labellum being golden-
Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were
orange margined with rose-purple.
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal fora group
of Laslio-Cattleyas, good C. Mendelii and C.
Other Exhibits.
Schroderae, and Odontoglossum Cookson-
ianum (mirificum x crispum), a pleasing yellow Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
flower. Heath, were awarded a Silver Banksian
Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, Medal for a good group containing choice
received a Banksian Medal for an
Silver hybrids and rare varieties of several species.
exhibit containing various Odontoglossum Messrs. .Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
hybrids, Dendrobiums formosum and Brymer- secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat
ianum, and good Cymbidiums. exhibit, in which were an extensive variety of
^klessrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged a Dendrobium species and choice forms of
hybrid Odontoglossum between mirum Cattleya Mendelii.
and Lambeauianum, with chocolate black Messrs. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
J.
blotches ; also the quaint Masdevallia obtained a Banksian Medal for a
Silver
O'Brieniana. group in which the attractive Oncidium
April 27th, 191 5. McBeanianum was the centre specimen.
Members of the Orchid Committee present Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham,
T. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair). Sir were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., .SirHarry J. Veitch, an interesting exhibit of choice species and
Messrs. J. O'Brien (hon. sec), Gurney Wilson, hybrids.
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD.

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, Medals to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch,

secured a .Silver Banksian Medal for some and Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange.
excellent varieties of Cattlcya Schroderae and Large Silver Medals were granted to Z. A.
Mossiae. Ward, Esq., Northenden, and Col. J. Ruther-
Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, ford, M.P., Blackburn. Silver Medals were

obtained a Bronze Banksian Medal for an awarded to Messrs. Cypher and Sons,
exhibit of Miltonias and good Cattleyas. Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sander and Sons,
Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, St. Albans.
exhibited a selection of hybrids raised in his A Bronze Medal was granted to F. A.
collection. Hmdley, Esq., Bradford. Other exhibitors
Baron Bruno Schroder, Englefteld Green, including A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston S. ;

exhibited a flower of his new Laelio-Cattleya .Swift, Esq., Gathurst Messrs. Charlesworth
;

Ivanhoe (Dowiana x eximia), particularly rich and Co., and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons.
m coloration.
First-class Certip^icates.
Right Hon. the Earl of Craven, Coombe
Odontoglossum V.C., a large flower of
Abbey, exhibited Laelio-Cattleya Corneliensis
unknown parentage, from Z. A. Ward, Esq.
(Schroderae x Haroldiana), of a pleasing-
Odontoglossum illustrissimum " Pompei,"
pinkish colour.
of good form, sepals and petals of bright
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,
maroon, with white margin, from R. Ashworth,
showed his new L.-C. Eldorado (L.-C.
Esq.
Canhamiana alba x C. Eldorado Wallisii), and
a fine plant of Oncidium monachicum.
Awards of Merit.

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., Oxford, Odontoglossum illustrissimum " Etna," O.

" Leopardmum," O. eximium " rotundi-
exhibited Cattleya Mendelii " Queen Mary," Jasper
a very beautiful white flower, the labellum florum," Odontioda Schroderi " Flamingo,"

blush-pink. and O. Madeline " Queen Elizabeth," all from

W. Cobb, Esq., Rusper, showed Laelio- R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Lucia, of bright yellow colour, and Odontoglossum Adneum (Adrianas x illus-

others. trissimum), Euryades, Odontioda Brad-

O.
W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, Kent, shawLi" "Walton Grange," O. Madeline
" Solum," Dendrobium Thompsoni, Cattleya
showed a good variety of his new Odontioda
Gladys. Schroderae " Distinction," all from Wm.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged Thompson, Esq.
L.-C. Fascinator-Mossis var. Imogene, a Odontoglossum ardentissimum " Beardwood
beautiful hybrid with white sepals and petals, var.," from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P.
the labellum bright purple. Odontoglossum amabile " Pink Pearl," from
A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
Odontoglossum crispum " Gathurst," from
MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY S. Swift, Esq.
March i8th, 1915. Odontonia Magali Sander " xanthotes,"
Members of the Committee present Z. : from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.
A. Ward, Esq. (m the chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. April 1st, 191 5.

EUwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, Members of the Committee present : Rev.
J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G.
Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby and H. Ellwood, J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes,
Arthur (Secretary). A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C.
A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward,
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury and Silver-gilt
; and FI. Arthur (Secretary).
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [May, 19 1
5.

Silver-gilt were awarded to R.

Medals A Medal was awarded to R.
Silver-gilt
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch Wm. Thomp- ; Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch a Large Silver ;

son, Esq., Walton Grange and W. R. Lee,

; Medal to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Esq., Heywood. Grange and Silver Medals to Mrs. R. le
;

Silver Medals
were granted to Col. J. Doux, West Derby Col. J. Rutherford, M.P.,
;

Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn and Messrs. A.; Blackburn and Messrs. Hassall and Co.,
;

1. Keelmg and Sons, Bradford. A .Special .Southgate.

V^ote of Thanks was accorded O. O. Wrigley, Other exhibitors included W. R. Lee, Esq.,
Esq., Bur}-, for a group of Dendrobiums. Heywood O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury W. P.
; ;

Birkenshaw, Esq., Hessle A. J. Oakshott, ;

First-class Certificates.
Esq., Bidston and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and
;

Odontoglossum lUustrissimum " Canopus," Sons, Bradford.

Odontioda luminosa (Rossii rubescens x
Charlesworthii), and S.-C.-L. Marathon First-class Certificates.
" Ashlands var.," all from R. Ashworth, Esq.

Odontioda Zenobia " Thompson's var.," Odontoglossum Rayonatum (venustulum x

from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Lambeauianum), O. waltonense var. Rex,
Dendrobiuin Thwaitesias " Veitch's var.," and O. crispum hololeucum var. Regina, from
from .S. Gratrix, Esq., and Messrs. A. J. W. Thompson, Esq.
Keeling and Sons. Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes var.
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes Oak- Mount Etna, O. Leviathan, and Odontioda
shottia?, from A. J. Oakshott, Esq. Zenobia var. Leeana, from W^ R. Lee, Esq.
Miltonia Bleuana Hessle var., from W. P.
Awards of Merit. Birkenshaw, Esq.
Odontoglossum Titan and L.-C. Britannia
" Melaine," from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Awards of Merit.
Cymbidium insigne album and Oncidium
Odontoglossum Nerissa var. Brunette, O.
King Albert, from P. Smith, Esq.
illustrissimum var. Babette, O. crispum Prince
Odontoglossum percultum " Othello," and
of Wales, Cattleya Schroderas var. Queen
Ernesti " memoria R. le Doux," from A. J.
Elizabeth, Miltonia Hyeana var. Walton
Oakshott, Esq.
Grange, Odontioda Joan, Masdevallia Cham-
Cypripedium Rossettii " Mary Gratrix,"
berlainiana, and Zygopetalum Brewii var.
from Mrs. S. Gratrix.
Walton Grange, all from W. Thompson, Esq.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum " Palatine,"
Zygocolax Charlesworthii var. Ashworthiae,
from Col. J. Rutherford.
Odontioda Queen Mary Ashlands var., and
Odontoglossum Jasper " Masereelianum,"
Oncidium Marshallianum \'ar. Rossendale,
from R. Ashworth, Esq.
from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontoglossum Laurence Bresson (Meteor
Cypripedium waltonense rubrum and
X illustrissimum), from J. Butterworth, Esq.
Miltonia Sanderiana var. Mrs. Geoff Taite,
Cultural Commendation. from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Mr. J. Howes, for Masdevallia triangularis. Odontioda Brewii var. Leeana and Cattle\'a
Brenda, from W. R. Lee, Esq.
April 15th, 191 5. Odontoglossum Pescatorei Monica (P.
Me.MBERS of the Committee present Rev.: Charlesworthii x P. Lindenii), from Col. J.

J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. Rutherford.

Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, A. G.
Cultural Certificate
Ellwood, J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes,
A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. To Mr. E. Rogers (gr. to O. O. Wrigley,
Parker, W. Shackleton, P. Smith, H. Thorp, Esq.), for Miltonia Phalasnopsis and
G. Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). Eulophiella Elizabethas.
 NOTES
Cattle VA Lady Rowena. — This is flowers, ]iroduced in pairs from the side of
undoubtedly the finest white Cattleya yet the stem opposite the leaves, are pure white,
seen, the flower being of immense size and the column often showing" a slight pink tinge.
extremely thick textured. It has been raised \\'hcn well cultivated it forms a beautiful
from C. Warneri alba and C. Suzanne Hye object, the flowers being of interesting
de Crom (Gaskelliana x Mossiae), a pure white construction.
variety of the latter of course being" used. ii w
The plant is Baron Bruno
in the collection of
Schroder, The Dell, Englefield Green, and Abnormal Cypripedium. Mr. F. —
has just produced a spike of two flowers, the Menteith Ogilvie, of The Shrubbery, Oxford,
only trace of colour being seen in the throat, kindly brings to our notice an interesting
which is greenish-yellow. abnormal flower of Cypripedium gigas, which
differs from the type by having an additional

U U U dorsal sepal. The appearance of an

additional segment may generally be traced
Dendrobium Wellesley. — Mr. Walter to one of two causes. The first includes those
Hunnewell, of Wellesley, Mass., U.S.A., instances in which organs apparently entire
kindly sends the following particulars of this are split, or disunited, examples being
Dendrobium hybrid, of which the parents are occasionally seen in the separation of the two
murrhiniacum (nobile x Wardianum) and ventral sepals in Cypripediums, which under
nobilc " Victoria Regina." The cross was normal conditions are united. This trimerous
made April 28th, 1905, the seed sown condition of the outer whorl of the perianth
June 1 2th, igo6, and the first plant flowered is undoubtedly that which existed in the early
Feb. 14th, 191 1. The plants possess a robust history of the species, consequently what is

constitution, the bulbs being about 3 feet apparently an extra segment is in this case
in height and carrying large flowers, after the nothing more than an insight into the plant's
style of Wardianum. A good example was real character. The second cause is over-
exhibited by Mr. Hunnewell at the recent development, due to excessive cultivation, and
Boston Spring Flower Show. resulting in true multiplication of the parts
by the formation of entirely fresh seg"ment.s.
^ ^ Under this latter section may be placed Mr.
Ogilvie's specimen, for both dorsal sepals are
Brides Vandarum.
This —
Indian furnished with a complete apical portion,
species, which is but rarely seen in collections, there being no evidence of splitting. Although
has flowered well this season in the collection the formation of an extra dorsal sepal does
of Dr. Stead, of Hawkhurst, Kent. In its not often occur, there is one Cypripedium, viz.,
habit of growth it resembles the better known Hera " New Hall Hey variety," which has a
Vanda teres, although the cylindrical leaves marked tendency to deviate in this style from
are much more slender. The semi-transparent the normal condition.

VOL. V. 25
'<J4 TH1-: ORCHID WORLD. [June, ICJ15.

Oncidium phymalochilum.

Onciditjm PHYMATOCHILUM. This very — Odontoglossum promerens album. —

graceful species, often termed the Spider Both crispum and Pescatorei, when considered
Orchid, was first cultivated by the Rev. John typically, are white, hence there has never
Clowes, of Broughton Hall, near Manchester, been any need to add the varietal name
and by Messrs. I^oddiges, of Hackney, about album, but when these two species have been
the year 1843, neither of whom left any used m the making of hybrids it has been the
record of its origin, which remained unknown custom to select those varieties having heavily
to science till ifs habitat was revealed by M. blotched flowers, more especially the crispum
Pinel, a French merchant trading m Brazil, parent, with the intention of carrying forward
who collected it in the neighbourhood of this blotching into the hybrid. In the
Novo Friburgo and sent plants to various majority of cases this has been effected,
correspondents 111 France and Belgium, notably m ardentissimum (crispum x Pesca-
including M. van Volxem, of Brussels, one torei), ineximium (crispum x ardentissimum)
of whose plants was figured in Linden's and in promerens (crispum x eximium), the
Pescatorca, published in i860. The flower flowers in each case showing varying degrees
spikes attain a height of about four feet, and of blotching. Mr. E. R. Ashton, of Broad-
carry numerous blooms, illustrations of which lands, Tunbridge Wells, has flowered a
are given above. spotless variety of promerens, which differs so
considerably from the recognised blotched
type of this hybrid that it is necessary to
5;S

distinguish it by the varietal word album.

Thus it comes about that, after three
GOTT AND GOTTO.— As mistakes some- generations of breeding, we are obliged to
times occur it is as well to point out that Gott recognise both crispum and Pescatorei, or a
and Gotto do not refer to the same individual, mixture of them, as it is in this case, under
the former is the worthy representative of the varietal name album, otherwise there
Messrs. Sander and Sons, the latter was an w ould be no means of distinguishing such an
amateur residing at Hampstead Heath. interesting variety. In shape it leaves Httle
Hence we have Cymbidium Gottianum and to be desired, while the labellum has the
Laelio-Cattleva Gottoiana. characteristic pandurate form of Pescatorei.
June, IQ15.] TWi: ORCIIII) WORI.I). 195

Odontoglossum crispum Queen of the Belgians.

Exhibited at the Chelsea Show by Messrs. Charlesworlh & Co.

Odontoglossum crispum Queen of obtained from any particular pod, while

THE —
Belgians. Blotched cnspums have amongst the practical workers there was no
always been held in high esteem, and at small amount of speculation concerning the
one time were exceedmgly valuable, as much jiossibilities of improving upon the varieties
as a thousand guineas having been paid for then existing. As many Orchidists now
extra fine varieties. Of late years the high l^now, blotched crispums have been raised
price set upon these plants has somewhat from seed, although only m small quantities,
declined, but specially distinct forms are still and whilst some show an improvement on
in demand and change hands at considerable their parents, both in constitution and shape,
figures. The professional seed-raiser was there are many others in which these qualities
not long in discovering that a good market are sadly deficient. Our illustration of
existed for this kind of crispum, and many O. crispum Queen of the Belgians is

seed-pods were made with great hopes of particularly interesting, not only on account
future success. But crispums are very of its exceerhngly fine shape and the beautiful
difficult to and during several years
raise, rose tinted ground and crimson-purple
only a comparatively few plants reached blotches, but because it is the result of
the flowering stage. Better success was crossing two home-raised blotched crispums.
ultimately achieved, although amongst the In thus making public a secret of the
plants that flowered there were many worth- seed-raiser, it is add that so far
only fair to
less varieties, whilst the few blotched forms only two other seedlings from this pod have
obtained were often of starry shape. flowered, and both are worthless varieties.
However, now and again a meritorious one
appeared and encouraged the seed-raiser to Holland House Show. — The Summer
continue his interesting work. Students of Exhibition of the Royal Horticultural Society
Mendelism attempted to work out the number willbe held in the grounds of Holland House,
of plain and blotched forms that might be Kensington, July 6th, 7th and 8th, 191 5.
igrj THR ORCHID WORLD. [June, 1915.

Odontoglossum crispum Olive.

Exhibited atthe Chelsea Show by J, Gurney Fowler, Esq,

—
Historic Paintings. The series of
Orchid paintings, some half-dozen in number,
which for more than 60 years have been in
the possession of Messrs. James Veitch and
most interesting is that of Dendrobium
macrophyllum Veitchianum, which flowered
at Exeter during the time of the Great
Exhibition held in London in the year 185 1.

Sons, have just been presented by Sir Harry Amongst the many who then visited London
J. Veitch to the Royal Horticultural Society,
for the first time was young Mr. Harry Veitch,
who have despatched them to Wisley, where who carried with him this Dendrobium for
there is better accommodation. They were inclusion in a group of plants staged by
painted in oils by a French artist then Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, at a meeting of
employed by Dr. Lindley, and with one the Horticultural Society held in the Society's
exception they represent Orchids collected garden at Chiswick. With that same
by various travellers sent out by Messrs. degree of thoroughness, which has been so
Veitch when at Exeter and subsequently at characteristic of him all through life, Mr.
Chelsea. The one depicting Vanda coerulea Harry Veitch decided to personally give the
was done from a dried spike sent home by plant a good cleaning up before starting on
Thomas Lobb, and with the aid of one the historic visit to London, and he well
living flower, all that was then available. remembers the severe reprimand he received
Selenipedium caudatum is effectively exe- when his father discovered that he had
cuted, and others include an brides and, pulled off every particle of skin from the
we believe, Laslia purpurata. Perhaps the bulbs of that valuable Orchid. To this
 —

June, 1015.] 'IHI- ORCHID WORM).

day the painting bears witness of the deed, Nomenclature. — At the R.H.S. meeting,
for the artist painted tlic plant as cleaned by held April 13th, Messrs. hdory and Black
Sir Harry. received an Award of Merit for a L;elio-
Cattleya which they exhibited under the
4iS name Nana, in honour of a Spanish lady, but
they subsequently discovered that an error in
The R.H.S. Exhibitions.— The letter in spelling had occurred, and as the correct
the May issue contains a good deal of truth method was Nena they wi.shed to alter the
regarding the plants exhibited at the R.H.S. same accordingly. Some discussion then
meetings, but I think the trade grower has arose as to whether this hybrid when once it
also to be considered, for his main object is had been certificated under a certain name
business and not so much the attempt to could have the same altered, as confusion in
achieve fame by the production of large the future might arise. No one, of course, has
s])ecimens. Very few amateurs desire to any right to change a valid name, but in this
])urchase large plants, which are necessarily case there was no intention of so doing, the
somewhat expensive, the general inclination exhibitors merely wished to correct an error
being to buy healthy seedlings and propa- in the original and erroneous spelling, which

gated pieces of well-known varieties, these IS allowable under Article 57 of the Inter-

can then be grown on by the new owner, who national Rules for Botanical Nomenclature,
will derive much pleasure by being able to Vienna, 1905:
—
"The original spelling of a
say :
—
" I have grown this specimen, what do name must be retained, except in case of a
you think of it?" I well remember one typographic or orthographic error." The
occasion when the end of the R.H.S. Hall was matter came before the R.H.S. Council, who
filled with a group of specimen Orchids from rightly decided to allow the alteration,
an amateur's collection, such that no trade consequently Laelio-Cattleya Nena is the
grower could ever hope to cultivate, for the recognised name for the hybrid between L.-C.
time and expense incurred would be far in warnhamensis and L.-C. Dominiana.
excess of the commercial result. More than
one trade exhibitor took advantage of the
?;.jf

situation, and explained to those of his

customers who were present that all they had
to do was to buy the small sample plants from —
Assisting Nature. There are but few-
his exhibit and cultivate them for a few years occasions when Nature may be assisted in her
when they would doubtless bring about the work, and it is only when her subjects are
same success. The amateur who exhibits a artificially cultivated that there is any real
handsome specimen does much to popularise need for help. One of these necessitous cases
Orchid growing and indirectly assists the occurs in Miltonia vexillaria and its hybrids,
trade grower to sell his small plants, for the lower leaves of which so tightly enclose
unless the general public obtain a clear idea the rooting portion of the bulb that some
of the plant's beauty when fully
possible roots find considerable difficulty in breaking
matured they cannot be expected to purchase a way through to the compost. If these
what to them is little more than a couple of lower leaves are examined there will often-
bulbs and a long Latin name. The fine times be found one or more roots enclosed
specimens shown by an amateur are as and bent in an upward direction. The
valuable to a trade grower as a good method of rendering assistance consists in
illustration is to his catalogue, and nothing carefully splitting the lower portion of the
would please me better than to see more leaves even removing them entirely, in
or
attempts made at specimen growing, such as order that no hindrance may meet the young
Fellows of the R.H.S. were accustomed to see roots. Plants under cultivation need all the
in years gcjne by. Trade Grower. nutriment possible, and their chief means of

VOL. V. 36
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 1915.

obtaining this is from the compost in the pot. up by the intensity of the yellow colour and
Of course, when in their natural habitat there the thick substance of the flowers, this latter
is very hkely to be a supply of nutriment on quality being derived from both maculatum
a level with and even above the plants, much and Harryanum.
depending on the exact position on which MiLTONiA Hyeana " F. M. Ogilvie." —
they grow on the tree or rock, and when this One of the prettiest Miltonia hybrids it has
is the case those roots apparently turned out been our pleasure to see was the variety of
of their proper direction by the lower leaves Hyeana exhibited at the recent Chelsea Show
rarely fail to meet with nutritive matter. by Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie, of the Shrubbery,
Oxford, in whose collection it was raised.
The seed bearer was M. Bleuana var.
Stevensii, this being a hybrid between vexil-
laria Leopoldii and Rcezlii alba, while the
was vexillaria G. D. Owen. The
pollen plant
cross was effected on March 3rd, igii,
the seed sown December ith, igii, while
i

the seedling flowered May 14th, 191 5. The

china-white flower had the petals flushed at
their base with light rose, and the basal part
of the labellum covered with a crimson-

^ ruby blotch. The plant received a well

deserved Award of Merit.
M
Flowers from Walton Grange.—
Mr. Wm. Thompson kindly sends a selection
of choice Odontoglossums that have been
raised in his collection, and give evidence of
the good parents used in their production.
Although no exact scheme of blotching
can ever be belong to every
said to
Odontoglossum, there is always a marked
Odonloglossiim Harwoodii. tendency for the large blotches to be in the
Exhibited at the Chelsea Show hi) F. Menteilh Ogilvie, Esq. central area of each segment, while the small
ones are usually to be seen round the
Odontoglossum Harwoodii. — This marginal portion. But this is not of much
remarkable Odontoglossum was exhibited
consequence, for it is the general effect
at the Chelsea Show by Mr. F. Menteith
produced by the whole spike of flowers that
Ogilvie, of The Shrubbery, Oxford, when
counts the most. Good shape and brilliancy
it carried a spike of six large flowers. 1 he
of colour are the characters Mr. Thompson
clear buttercup-yellow of the blooms and
and the specimens received
desires to obtain,
the reddish-purple spotting make a striking
from him show that these desirable points
contrast, while the peculiar oblong blotch
are being produced in a satisfactory manner.
of colour on the labellum creates a
very distinctive feature. The parents are
maculatum auriferum and Wiganianum OlHTUARY. — We
regret to announce the
(Rolfeae x being
harvengtense), Rolfeae death, which took place Friday, May 21st, of
Harryanum x Pescatorei, while harvengtense Mr. G. Hunter, Orchid grower to His Grace
is triumphans x crispum. Although the the Duke of Marlborough, Woodstock, Oxon,
segments are not quite so broad as might and a member of the Royal Horticultural

be desired, this deficiency is more than made Society's Orchid Committee.

jimi', U)i5.] IIII'; ()K( HID WORI.I). 190

ORCHIDS AT CHELSEA. |)erpetuat{' thc-mscKes that tliey are even

rare ni their native land.
rilOl'Gtl wr arc acciisluincd tu ^ivc As regularly great spring show
AL considerable credit tu the hybridists
as
arrnes each year so do the albino varieties
this

on account of their skill in producin<4-

^ oi ("attleya Mossias come into flower. There
hybrid Orchids, we must not forget that it is, however, one unfortunate point regarding
is the same individuals who raise improved this sj)ecies, its constitution is weakly, and
varieties of certain species. To the actual were it not for the continual importations oi
man engaged in looking after the seed-pans vigorous plantsit is doubtful whether it could

it little matters whether his tiny seedlings are have been represented as well as it has been
species or hybrids, for in each case they in the past. The demand for imported plants
require his closest attention to bring about has so much decreased of late, that there is
successful results. A general consideration luit little means of discovering albino forms,
will show that species are more difficult to and were it not for the seed-rai.ser these
raise than hybrids. white varieties woukl be little more than a
A close inspection Orchid groups of the sweet memory of the past.
at the recent proved how
Chelsea Show fully The chance that two superb varieties of
extremely energetic the seed-raiser has been any species should intercross in their native
during the past few years, for hybrids there home is very remote, and still more so is the
were in abundance, their form and coloration chance that two albino forms should meet.
appearing unlimitable. There is an increasing The seed-raiser not only overcomes this
tendency among trade growers to cultivate, difficulty, but he takes good care to use as

as far as circumstances will allow, only l)arents two of the finest white forms he can
hybrids possessing a vigorous constitution, procure, and by this means he improves on
for this is undoubtedly a most important nature b\- l)reeding from selected parents.
point to consider when supjilying plants Thus we find the seed-raiser taking the place
to amateurs, manj- of whom oftentimes of the importer, and producing numerous
lack the facilities necessary to ensure albinos of superior merit. Nt)t only have
perfection of growth being obtained. It is albino forms of Odontoglossum crispum been
of little use producing a beautiful flower raised true from seed, but the much cherished
if its constitution is such that only a \arieties with yellow spotting are every
professional can accomplish its successful season becoming more plentiful. History
cultivation. often repeats itself, and we are now admiring
] he Chelsea Show may well be taken as the sjTOtted crispum just as much as we did
the finest exhibition of flowers held during twenty years ago, the only difference being
the year. It is a show which in normal that then we chose spots of rose-purple while
times of peace many continental enthusiasts now we select those of bright yellow colour.
rarely fail to visit. On this account it is not Yellow Odontiodas. So accu.stomed are
to be wondereci at that exhibitors endeavour we to consider Odontiodas as red flowering
to stage their finest jjroductions, and that it looks like a misprint to call some of
indirectly record another milestone of their them yellow. In the primary hybrids of
progressive work. The improvement of Cochlioda N<ezliana we see how the red
sjiecies is necessarily very slow, for it must colour of this small flowering species covers
always be remembered that it is not the the entire surface, or at least the blotched
typical form of the species, with all its area, and this same effect is produced in the
vigorousness, that is selected, but one that majority of the secondaries. An examination
stands well outside the normal limits, such, will show that this red colour is chiefly
for example, as an albino variety, with its situated on the surface, while the inside
apparently delicate constitution, and those ])ortion is often of yellowish colour. On
species which show so little desire to further hybridising some of these primary
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 1915.

results the colour cells arc rearranged, and thosemade up with crispum and Pescatorei.
many of those previously hidden from view Of late years there have been several
are brought to light. For example, in immense flowers exhibited under high
Odontioda Charlesworthii (C. Noezliana x O. sounding names, but which do not appear
Harryanum) the flowers appear of rich red, to be anything else than a combination of
Init in the next generation, of which crispum and Harryanum. They may all be
Oda. Madeline (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. classed as superfine varieties of amabile.
crispum) is an example, the inner cells of Size is an important point with many
yellow colour are rendered visible, and we connoisseurs, while to others richness of

obtain what is practically a yellow Odontioda. coloration appeals the most. In this year's
There is not sufficient red colour to cover show the flowers, taken on the average, are
the surface of the flower, only enough to of better shape, perhaps not so many giants,

form a few orange-red markings. Similar and with the markings more neatly arranged,
examples are to be seen in Odontioda Joan doubtless due to the careful selection
(Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. ardentissimum), exercised by exhibitors. In the yellow
and in others as yet unnamed. Before long grounded section of Odonts. a slight advance
we may see the entire disappearance of the can be recorded, although progress must
red blotches, the yellow ground remaining necessarily be slow, for suitable material
and forming a flower to which the varietal from which to breed is by no means plentiful.
name aurea may be applied. Notwithstanding " albino " forms of several
During" the last 25 years Miltonia vexillaria species, from which some promising results
has been largely used in the formation of the have already been obtained, we notice that
])rincipal groups at the Temple Shows and triumphans continues to hold its own as a
latterly at Chelsea, and in all cases it has breeder of yellow Odontoglossums. Although
l)roved of untold value as a decorative Oncidiums appear to be closely related,
species. But the energetic seed-raiser has especially when their manner of growth is
not neglected this genus, as recent results considered, there is a very marked difference
have shown. Unlike other genera there is in the coloration of their flowers, for while
not the diversity of material to work with, the Oncidiums are noted for their abundance
for in the production of large flowers only of \'ellow blooms the Odontoglossums are
vexillariaand Roezlii are worthy of attention. singularly deficient in this respect. Were it

However, if the hybridist has been short of not for the floriferous spikes of Oncidium
material he has not failed in turning it to the Marshallianum there would indeed be little

best account. In M. vexillaria var. Lyoth we yellow seen in the Orchid groups.
have a home-raised plant of great beauty,
and obtained by the use of the two well- ¥,i5 ?<S

known forms chelseaensis and G. D. Owen ;

the rosy flowers have a large blotch of Oncidium Anthocrene. The specific —
crimson-purple, from which radiate thick name of this Oncidium is a fanciful one,
lines and final spots. No less beautiful meaning fountain of flowers. It produces

are the many hybrids having varying large branched spikes of dark-
upright
quantities of vexillaria and Roezlii in their coloured flowers, having the sepals and petals
parentage. They are known respectively as much undulated, chocolate-brown, trans-
Bleuana, Hyeana, St. Andre, Isabel Sander, \ ersely barred with yellow towards the base,
Sanderiana, Jules Hye de Crom and and the lip white, with a red band in front of
Charlesworthii, the latter being a great the crest. It is a winter-blooming plant, and
improvement on the historic variety of somewhat resembles Miltonia Warscewiczii in
vexillaria known
Owen.as G. D. its habit of growth. Messrs. Stuart Low and
Among the Odontoglossums we find an Co. have several healthy plants of this rarity
endless array of Harryanum hybrids, chiefly in their establishment at Jarvisbrook, -Sussex.
 20I

Vanda Sanderiana flowering in the garden of D. Schaap, Etq., Madioen, Java.

Vanda Sanderiana. — The accompanying- luggage, but ultimately achieved success by

illustration is of a remarkably
fine specimen making a bargain with the chief of a native
of this Philippine species as it flowered in tribe, the principal condition being the
the garden of Mr. D. Schaap, Kandangan, handing over of his umbrella, which was
Madioen, Java, in April, 191 5. Some idea particularly wanted for the adornment of
of its real beauty may be obtained from his wife. Vanda Sanderiana first flowered
the fact that it carried three spikes with the in England in the summer of 1883, and the
unusually large number of 32 flowers. amount of interest it aroused may best be
When John Dominy, the father of Orchid judged from the fact that within a few
hybridisation, first saw this species in flower months the large sum of ^200 was paid
he exclaimed, Thank goodness, I have lived
" for a single plant. The climate of
to see this marvel among Vandas." The European countries is not very suitable for
credit of discovering it is due to Messrs. the cultivation of this beautiful species,
-Sander and .Sons' collector M. Roebelen, and the few instances where it has been
who procured plants towards the end of the grown and flowered for many successive
year 1881 at a place called Davao, in the years seem to prove that a high temperature
Philippine Islands. M. Roebelen found some and abundance of atmospheric moisture are
difficulty in obtaining porters to carry his necessary.

VOL. V. 27
202 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Juno, iQi.T-

Oncidium McBeanianum {superbiensX macranihum).

Exhibited at the Chelsea Show by Messrs. J. & A. McBean

ONCIDIUM McBEANIANUM. interesting, and perhaps lead others to take

an interest in the genus.
ALTHOUGH there are a few natural Oncidium McBeanianum, which bears the
hybrids in the genus Oncidium very raiser's name, was produced by crossing
few mdeed have been produced superbiens and macranthum var. hastiferum,
artificially, which is somewhat remarkable both parents being well-known South
when the bright and rich colours of the American species. Like many other hybrids
majority of species are considered. This this plant grows with remarkable vigour,
rareness will make the beautiful hybrid shown there being no sign of the deterioration
in the accompanying photograph all the more frequently seen in the jiarents when under
June, 1915.] 'iin<: oRciiii) woRi.i). 203

cultivation. It will tlierefore be of con- NEW HYBRIDS.

siderable service to all amateurs fond of cool
house Oncidiunis. Odontoglossum Beatrice.— a charming
The inflorescence is many feet in len<4tli, addition to the cirrhosum hybrids, raised by
and has the usual twinin*.;' hal)it of macran- IVIessrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, the
thum. On fully grown plants at least thirty parentage being cirrhosum x Lambeauianum.
flowers are produced, each a little less than The rich yellow on the labellum, the unusually
3 inches across, the sepals olive-brown, the dark chocolate-purple markings and the
petals yellow with olive-brown spotting on attenuated segments are the chief distinctive
their basal portion, while the labellum, with points.
strongly developed crest, and the column
its

are of varying purple tints. The petals are

L^ELIO-Cattleya IvANHOE. — An excel-
lent flower of this hybrid between L.-C.
arranged in the same plane as the sepals, and
eximia and C. Dowiana was shown l)y Baron
are not bent forward as in superbiens, yet
Schroder at the R.H.S. meeting, April 27th,
they perpetuate the hitter's spotting in an
19 1
was raised by Mr. Shill in The Dell
5. It
attractive manner.
collection,and gives every promise of making
O. superbiens is a native of Colombia,
a handsome result.
where it is found at an elevation of about
8,000feet. It was first discovered by Purdie, Brassocattl.^lia Constance. — The
about the year 1843, and was introduced to result of crossing B.-C.-L. Veitchii (L.
England in 187 1, the first plant flowering in purjuirata x B.-C. Digbyano-Mossias) with C.
Messrs. Veitch's nursery at Chelsea in the intertexta (Mossiae x Warneri). Raised by
spring of 1872. Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough.
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 1915.

L/elio-Cattleya Eldorado. — This Jacinth (C. Trianae x L.-C. Pizarro), Nimrod

pleasing hybrid has been raised by Mr. Colher (C. Fabia x L.-C. Gottoiana), Cortez (L.-C.
m the Gatton Park collection, Surrey. The Pizarro x C. Schroderae), and Goldflake (C.
parents are L.-C. Canhamiana alba and C. .Schroderas X L.-C. Elinor).
Eldorado var. Wallisii, resultuiy in an albida OdONTOGLOSSUM ClOTILDE. —When this
flower of a promising nature. hybrid was exhibited at the R.H.S., April i 3th,
L.LLIO-Cattleya Nena. — Messrs. Flory 191 5, with Clytie (Edwardii x Pescatorei) and
and Black are the raisers of this interesting eximium as the parentage, some doubt was
h\ brid between L.-C. warnhainensis and L.-C. expressed as to the same being correct, for
Dominiana. An excellent example, received there was no evidence of the unmistakable
an Award of Merit, R.H.S., April 13th, 1915. characters of Edwardii. Mr. R. G. Thwaites,
—
Cymbidiuais. The following have been m whose collection it was raised, now
raised in the collection of Lieut.-Col. Sir informs us that the correct parents are
George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt :
— crispo-Harryanum and eximium, of which the
Seamew (I'Ansonii x Parishii), Garnet flower gives proof. Both crosses have been
(Lowianum x Parishii), and Jasper (eburneo- raised, the one under number 3148, the
Lowianum x Parishii). other 3184, the similarity of the figures
Sophrocattl.*:lia Rienzl— The result causing the seedlings to get mixed during the
of crossing Sophro-Laelia Phroso (L. Jong- process of potting and re-labelling.
heana x S.-L. Orpetii) and C. Schroderae. Odontiodas. — The following two Odon-
Raised by Mr. H. G. Alexander, in the tiodas were exhibited at the recent Chelsea
Westonbirt collection. -Show by Messrs. Sander and
Sons: —
Cattleya Argosy.— The parents of this O. Ypres (Odm. Lambeauianum x Oda.
pleasing hybrid are suberba and Lord Roths- Vuylstekeae) and O. vivicans (Oda.
child. Raised in the Westonbirt collection. Vuylstekese x Oda. Sanderae).
L^lio-Cattleya Anaconda. —A very L.LITA TENEFLAVA. —This new hybrid
between L.-C. Pallas and
attractive hybrid between tenebrosa and flava was exhibited
C. Dowiana Rosita. Exhibited by Baron by Messrs. .Stuart Low and Co., Chelsea
Bruno Schroder at the Royal Horticultural Show, 191 5.
Society, May nth, 191 5, when it obtained ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSALIND. — Messrs.
an Award of Merit. Mansell and Hatcher are the raisers of this
Cattleya DUBiosA.--In August, 1897, hybrid between Wiganianum and amabile,
M. Ma ron, of Brunoy, exhibited several new a good example being exhibited by them
hyljrids, one of which was C. dubiosa, at the Chelsea Show, 191 5.
with Triana; and Harrisoniana as suggested Odontioda Sunbeam. Oda. Vuylstekea: —
parents. Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, of and Odm. Lambeauianum are the parents
Tunbridge Wells, have recently raised a of this pretty hybrid which Messrs. Mansell
hybrid from the same two .species, and and Hatcher have recently raised and
although there is not in their case any flowered.
dubiosity concerning the parentage it will Odontioda Colmanll. — This beautiful
be as well to adopt the original specific hybrid received a First-class Certificate when
name. exhibited at the Chelsea Show by Sir
Cattleya Panama.— When recording Jeremiah Colman, Bart. The segments are
this hybrid on page i<Si it was erroneously golden-yellow, handsomely blotched with
termed a Laelio-Cattleya. chestnut-red. Odontioda Bradshawias is given
L^LIO-Cattleyas.— Mr. H. G. Alexander as one parent, but the other cannot be
has raised the following new hybrids in definitely stated until other plants from this
the Westonbirt collection: — Laslio-Cattleyas batch come into flower. No doubt it will
Coralie (C. Schroderae x L.-C. Tigris), prove to be an Odontoglossum hybrid
Had rian (C. Enid x L.-C. callistoglossa). containing triumphans.
June, 1915.] THE OKClIll) WORLD.

STAGING. the best principle of correct Orchid culture,

as many have proved to their cost. In
Orchid yiowiuy- tell
old books houses devoted to cool-growing plants the
Tllli oil

when
us how the houses were heated with best results are obtained the pipes are
brick flues, and of the various at least three feet from the staging. They
contrivances for jjroduciny a close and humid should not on the ground, but about one
lie

atmosphere, while the higher the temperature foot above, where they are near enough to
so much the better were the plants expected warm the soil and thus evaporate some of its
to grow. Now I do not suggest that anyone moisture. About nine inches above the pipes
wishes to go back to this state of things, for a structure composed of tiles or similar
it has long been found unsatisfactory, but moisture-holding material should be placed,
with regard to the staging there are still this being kept continually damp in order
various opinions concerning its structure. that an abundance of moisture may be sent
Not so long ago all houses were built with forth into the interior of the house. With
a double staging, the top portion of lattice this arrangement there
no fear of producingis

pattern, the lower one of solid composition a dry atmosphere, for the more the pipes are
and generally covered with gravel or similar heated so much the more water do they
material ; the intervening space being rarely evaporate from the damp soil beneath and
more than But this style seems
six inches. the wet tiles above. Although this description
to be passing away, and we are now recom- of the moisture-holding structure on top of
mended to allow a free circulation of air the pipes may read very much like that of
round the plants, and to use but a single an under-staging it is m reality quite a
stage, and that of lattice pattern. different affair.
From a practical grower's point of view One other point which requires notice is

I believe the single stage to be the best, but the shading and ventilation. Dry air entering
it must only be used where the atmosphere at the lower ventilators rapidly absorbs
of the whole house can be kept in a suitably moisture from the interior of the house, and
moist condition. Of course, there are some a rapid and continuous current of air passing
houses that have to accommodate other plants through the house on a hot summer's day
than Orchids, and where this is the case it will very soon take out of it a considerable

is absolutely necessary that an under-stage quantity of moisture. Although a certain

be used to produce the requisite amount of amount of ventilation is absolutely necessary,
atmospheric moisture, at least round about too amount is on this account
great an
that portionwhere the Orchids are placed. considerably harmful, and entails much extra
But in most gardens it is now possible to work in damping down. To overcome this
devote a house entirely to cool-growing difficulty every means must be employed to
Orchids, and another to the warmth-loving shade the house in a manner that will not
kinds, and in either case they are so only keep out unnecessary sunshine, but also
constructed that it is possible to maintain prevent the house from being over-heated.
the requisite moisture without under-staging, Prevention is better than cure, and it is easy
and thus allow the plants that free circulation to understand that if the glass is properly
of cur which is regarded as essential to the shaded early in the morning there will not be
making of a robust constitution. any need for an excessive amount of dry air
In the first place it is the hot-water pipes to rush through the house. I much prefer
that have a considerable influence on the blinds fixed about twelve inches above the
production of a suitable atmosphere. In roof, and during the greater part of the
several houses that I have visited the pipes summer a canvas or whitewash covering on
are placed too near the staging, probably the glass itself.

with the idea that the nearer they are to the I hope from the above remarks that readers
plants so much the better. But this is not will understand how by correct shading.
 —

206 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 1915

proper ventilation and the right style of At the Chelsea Show of 1914 there were
heating, it is possible to maintain the many superb Miltonias ;
indeed, it was
atmosphere of the whole house in a suitable described by some as a Miltonia show, so

condition, instead of only the portion numerous and popular were they. ]\Ir. Ashton
surrounding the actual i^lants, as is the has obtained a wide selection of the old

case when a double staging is the sole varieties as well as many of the latest

means used to create atmospheric moisture. productions. One of the prettiest is Miltonia
Vurcniau. vexillaria Eyoth, raised from v. chelseaensis
and V. G. D. Owen, the large rose flower
having a dark crimson blotch with radiating
lines it
; is an improvement on the former

ORCHIDS AT CAMDEN PARK, parent. A charming flower is to be seen m

vexillaria Lambeauiana, as well as in v. Queen
TUNBRIDGE WELLS. Alexandra. The gem of this section is

Miltonia Charlesworthii, with an immense

THERE
Orchids
are several
round about
good collections of
Tunbridge
rich
the
crimson blotch
labellum, and
on the basal part
possessing a vigorous
of

Wells, that formed by Mr. E. R. constitution.

Ashton, of Broadlands, Camden I^ark, being With the ever popular Odontoglossums
of particular interest, for it contains not only there is always something of interest, and one
good species, but a comprehensive selection cannot help noticing" the wide improvement
of hybrids. to be seen m the most recent productions ox er
Among those which have recently been in those of twenty years ago. Some of the old
flower mention may be made of Cattleya varieties are in this collection, and include
Claesiana alba (intermedia alba x Loddigesii crispum Queen Victoria, c. Annie and c.
alba), with pure white flowers of thick Rossendale. In the same house are several
substance, and an improvement on the choice varieties of Eycaste Skinneri and
original and coloured form of this hybrid Cymbidiums Pauwelsii and Gottianum.
first flowered m i8(jy. There is also an Odontioda Ashtonii (C. Noezliana x O.
excellent variety of Laeho-Cattleya Wellsiana Armstrongiae), bears the owner's name, and
(purjiurata x Trianae) with white segments, was one of last year's novelties. Other recent
the lip slightly coloured ; it is a most useful productions in this class include Charles-
h\'brid for producing a display in the early Cupid (C. Noezliana x O.
worthii, the pretty
months of the Cattleya Antiope is the
year. ramosissimum), Brewii and Royal Gem, the
Chamberlainiana (Eeopoldii
result of crossing latter having an attractive flower of yellow
X aurea) and aurea, and is interesting on ground colour with scarlet-red markings.
account of its yellow flowers and the way Mention may also be made of Odontonia
they are made of long lasting nature by the brugensis (O. Edwardii x M. vexillaria) and
inclusion of Eeopoldii in the parentage. Miltonioda Harwoodii (C. Noezliana x M.
Although Cattleya citrina has a bad reputa- vexillaria), both remarkable hybrids.
tion, there are occasional exceptions, a plant Among the numerous Cattleya hybrids a
m this collection has flowered regularly for novelty of considerable promise is to be seen in
the last seventeen years, and appears likely C. Sybil (aurea x iridescens), the latter parent
to continue in the same prosperous condition. being a hybrid between bicolor and Eldorado.
Coelogyne Mooreana and C. Lawrenceana It is very pleasing to note the keen interest

are two handsome representatives of this which Mr. Ashton always takes in his
genus, which very rarely receives its due plants, and it is mainly on this account
attention, for apart from numerous small that he obtains such excellent results,
flowering species, there are some which make l)oth ill \igorous plants and many-flowered
attractive points in any Orcliid house. spikes.
jiinc, 1915.] III!': ORCHID WORLD. 207

Ccrlogyne pandurata,
a 1 6-flowered specimen, grown by
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunhridge Wells.

Cq:lo(;yne pandurata. -At the recent

Armstrong and Ikown
Clielsea .Show Messrs.
were awarded the Lindley Mechd for three
superb specimens of C. pandurata. This high
award was well deserved, for never before
have such fine examples of this Bornean
species been exhibited. The largest plant,
including the spike of 16 greenish flowers, The Davidson —
Cup. For iqis this

measured nearly () feet in length, while the annual trophy was offered for the finest

stiff, erect leaves were proportionally large. variety of Cattleya Mendelii exhibited at

A peculiarity only noticeable on strongly the Chelsea Show. The judges have given
grown specimens is the wax-like substance their decision in favour of the variety bearing
formed on the under side of the leaves. This the name Queen Mary, exhibited b)' Mr.
species is sometimes called the Fiddle Orchid, F. Menteith Ogilvie, of The Shrubber}',
on account of the close resemblance of the Oxford. This flower is f)f large size,
labellum to that musical instrument. The pure white, excepting the labellum, which
curious blackish markings on the lip con- has the apical portion flushed with faint
siderably add to the attractive nature of the rose-pink. A portion of the original plant
flower. Needless to state, these plants were was exhibited by Lieut.-Col. Sir George
one of the chief centres of attraction in Holford at the Royal International
Messrs. y\rmstrong and Brown's exhibit, for Exhibition, 191 2, when it obtained a
which a Silver-gilt Cup was awarded. First-class Certificate.
208 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 191 5.

Cymbidium Ahxanderi, Fowler's variety.

Cymbidiui\[ —
Alexanderi. The intro- variety, a beautiful hybrid has been produced
duction Cymbidium insigne gave most
of by the use of eburneo-Lowianum and insigne;
valuable material for the production of a new in the above variety the rose-tinted flower has
section of this genus, for until that event the the sepals and petals lined with rose-purple,
principalchange had been effected by C. the labellum marked with crimson-red. It
eburneum, examples of which are to be seen obtained a First-class Certificate, Royal Horti-
in eburneo-Lowianum and Wiganianum cultural .Society, February i8th, 1913, when
(eburneum x Lowianum). In C. Alexanderi, exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler. Our picture
of which we give an illustration of Fowler's is reproduced from the Society's Journal.
June, 1915O THE ORCHID WORLD. 209

obviate this undesirable character is l)y n<j

means difficult, for there is a general tendenc)-
among almost all hybrids to yield flowers of

a starry nature, but to produce them with

segments that can be descriljcd as graceful
and artistic requires the use of a parent
having these essential points, and such a plant
we have in O. cirrhosum.
The outstanding features of cirrhosum arc
the much attenuated segments, the large area
of yellow colour on the base of the laVjellum,
and the remarkable power it has of producing
rich and darkly coloured spots and l)lotches.
In O. Phcebe (cirrhosum x crispum) we have
a graceful hybrid, with the flowers somewhat
loosely arranged on the spike, yet sufficiently
fixed to render them steady, while the
attenuated segments give just that finishing-
touch to make them graceful. On the base
of the labellum there is an unusual amount of
yellow coloration, extending far beyond the
Odontoglossum cirrhosum. usual limits of the crest area in a few;

examples nearly the whole of the labellum is

*
similarly coloured.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM. In O. truimphosum (triumphans x cirr-

hosum) the yellow colour of the former parent

THERE are one or two very distinct

points about O. cirrhosum that render
is considerably improved by the influence of

cirrhosum, being of a brigliter nature, while

it valuable for producinj^ attractive the central blotch on the labellum shows to
h)'brids of the decorative class, and the advantage. The sepals and petals are
crosses that have appeared of late seem to blotched with dark chocolate-brown.
show more than ever how strongly fixed are O. Fletcherianum (Edwardii x cirrhosum) is
these specific characters. At first sight the remarkable for the intensely dark pigment
flower does not suggest anything very seen in the majority of examples. In the
promising, while the narrow nature of the variety nigrescens, which obtained an Award
segments probably restrained breeders from of Merit, R.H.S., the colour was almost black.
using it in preference to those of better This peculiarity is not entirely due to the
formation, such, for example, as O. crispum. Edwardii parent, for many other instances
But now that several elegant hybrids have have occurred in hybrids not containing this
been raised by its use breeders are firmly species.
convinced that it possesses more than one Odontoglossum Gladys (cirrhosum x cnspo-
distinctive feature, which, when carried Harryanum) is another worthy hybrid, in
forward in the following generation, prove of which the broad labellum of Harryanum
special attraction. increases the size of the narrow lip of
The continual desire to produce flowers of cirrhosum, and, in fact, much improves the
round shape, with their segments so broad prominent crest area.
that they overlap, has, in the opinion of not a O. Beatrice (cirrhosum x Lambeauianum)
few amateurs, been carried too far, the spike is the latest addition to the cirrhosum
having a congested nature and oftentimes too hybrids, the first plant having just flowered
heavy to produce an artistic effect. To with the raisers, Messrs. J. and A. McBean,
210 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 1915.

Cooksbridge. It is described in this issue (C. Schroderae x L.Coronet), L. Coronet

under the headnig " New Hybrids." being cinnabarina x harpophylla. This skilful
Passing on to the Odontiodas, mention arrangement includes both the Laslias and a
may be made of O. keighleyensis (cirrhosum double dose of the delicately coloured
X Noezhana), in which the prettily formed Cattleya. The example sent from the
flowers are of a brihiant reddish-scarlet. We-stonbirt collection shows that a good
Also in many secondary and other Odontiodas measure of success has been achieved in the

containing cirrhosum the intense colour is production of a large flowering yellow

exceptionally bright. Cattleya.
Odontocidium Fowlerianum (cirrhosum x Odontioda Irene. — An excellent example
On. Forbesii) is of interest as a bigeneric of this between Odin.
interesting hybrid
hybrid, and so also is Odontonia Lucilia and Oda. Charlesworthii comes
IJro-.Skinneri
(cirrliosum x Miltonia spcctabilis), figured and from the Walton Grange collection. Briefly
deHcnl)ed in the ORCHID WORLI), Vol. IV., described it is a crimson Uro-.Skiiineri,

p. 125, and yet another in Odontonia ('yl)cle

;md the large labellum of this species
(cirrhosum x Miltonia Candida), figured in combined with that of Harryanuin, derived
Vol. III., p. 151. from Oda. Charlesworthii, is distinctly

From the abcjve remarks concerning the attractive.

virtues of O. cirrhosum it is plainly evident Odontioda illustris. — From Mr. Wm.

that we possess a s])ccies of the greatest Thompson, of Walton Grange, we have
from its own special charms
utility, for ai)art received a flower of this hybrid between Oda.
it forms a connecting link with the Miltoiiias, Charlesworthii and Odm. illustrissimuni. It

from which so much may be expected in the IS of rich crimson-red colour and much
*
future. resembles Oda. Brewii.
L.ELIA LaTONA. — From the collection of
Mr. J. J. Neale, Lynwood, Penartli, we have
received a remarkabl)' fine spike of this

FLOWERS IN SEASON. hybrid between L. cinnabarina and L.

purpurata. We do not know its full height
L.^:lio-C attleya Cortez. — This is an as it stood on the plant, but the portion sent

excellent example of a hybrid raised from measures no less than 18 inches, and is just
three species noted for the golden-yellow a shade under half an inch in diameter at its

coloration in their throat. The parentage is lowest end. The upper portion carries g
L.-C. Pizarro (L. Jongheana x C. aurea) x flowers, the largest 6 inches across, of
C. Schrodcrac, being a beautiful
the result bright buff yellow colour, the three-lobed
rich rose-coloured flowerhaving veining of a labellum rich purple. This hybrid is now
darker shade and the expansive labellum rarely seen in collections, but when a fine
bright golden-orange. It has been raised variety, such as this specimen proves to be,
in the Westonbirt collection by Mr. H. G. IS brought to a high state of perfection it

Alexander, who sends the flower for our creates a truly beautiful effect. Mr. H.
inspection. Haddon, the cultivator of the plant, well
L^lio-Cattleya Goldflake. — L. deserves our congratulations.
cinnabarina and L. harpophylla have often Odontioda Grand Monarch. -A flower
loeen used for the production of yellow of this elegant Odontioda comes from Mr.
flowering hybrids sometimes the former
;
M. Worsley, of Sherfin, Baxenden, near
appears to give the best results, at other times Accrington. parentage is
yXlthough the
the latter. In this instance Mr. H. G. uncertain evidence
there of is good
Alexander used both species in conjunction Wilckeanum, the wide flower resembling
with C. Schroderas, the following being others in which this has been used as a
his method: — C. Schroderae x L.-C. Elinor parent. In colour it is soft rose-scarlet, of
 ;

June, lyis-] IHI': ORCHID WOKI.I). 21 I

a pleasin<j^ nature, while the expansive good Odontiodas, of which ("oronation

labelluni is slightly lighter, with a considerable Fowler's variety was the best. Cyprijjedium
area of yellow on the basal part. The Maudias, many fine Brasso-Cattleyas, and
extreme tips of the segments are effectively La?lio-Cattleyas in profusion assisted in

rcfiexed. From the same collection is sent making one of the finest groups ever staged
Odontioda Schroderi vivicans (Odm. crispum l)y this prominent amateur.
X Oda. Bradshawi;e), a very bright flower Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,
of reddish-scarlet colour and distinct in its was awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a very
form of blotching arranged exhibit, the centre part
artistically
being composed of many-flowered spikes of
Odontoglossum 1 hompsonianum and strong
spikes of Epidendrum Boundii, as well as
Cymbidium Lowianum concolor, the hand-
CHELSEA SHOW. some Cymbidium Colmanii, and hybrids of
C. eburneum. Oncidium monachicum was
May 1 8th, 1915.
well flowered, and so also was the rare
Members of the Orchid Committee present: Cirrhopetalum robustum. Amongst the
Sir Harry J. Veitch the chair), Sir
(in Cattleyas there were many good specimens,
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Fred. Moore, Temple's variety of Skinneri being in
Messrs. J. Gurney Fowler, Jas. O'Brien perfection, while Cattleya intermedia Aquinii
(hon. sec), Gurney Wilson, W. Thompson, showed to advantage. Batches of albino
C. Cookson, W. Cobb, F. J. Hanbury, Cypripediums were formed with Lawren-
T. Armstrong, \V. B. Bound, Stuart Low, ceanupi Hyeanum, callosum Sanderas and
W. Bolton, Pantia Ralli, H. C. Alexander, Maudias. A gem in the group was Odontioda
W. H. White, C. H. Curtis, R. A. Rolfe, Cotmama?, which received a First-class
A. Dye, R. Brooman-White, F. Sander, Certificate. The best forms of Odontoglossum
J.
Charlesworth, H. Chapman, A. McBean, crispum included several plants of the variety
S. W. Flory, J. Cypher and J. E. known as Mary Colman, while Rosy Queen
Shill. was much admired. A special feature of
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, was this exhibit was the large number of
awarded a Gold Medal for a splendid exhibit, Botanical Orchids, many being grown to
containing the choice Cymbidium J. G. perfection and proving what really interesting
Fowler, with large cream-yellow flowers, the plants they are.
F.C.C. variety of Cymbidium insigne, three Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
strong plants of Miltonia Charlesworthii, each Heath, were awarded a Gold Medal for an
having a bold crimson blotch on the labellum, excellent exhibit, the centre part of which
and many good forms of M. vexillaria. was composed of Miltonia vexillaria, over
High up were two attractive areas, each which hung many-flowered spikes of
composed of a dozen well-flowered plants of Oncidium Marshallianum. One side was
Cattleya citrina, while in the centre were made up with a selection of the best
Coelogyne Dayana, C. pandurata and the Odontiodas, while the opposite end was a
pretty Eulophia scripta. Of the special mass of Odontoglossum hybrids. Amongst
plants mention may be made of Odonto- the special novelties were Odontoglossum
glossum Princess Mary, an exceedingly Grand Duke Nicholas, a very large flower
beautiful hybrid carrying a spike of 17 large of the amabile class; O. crispum Queen of
flowers, blotched with reddish-crimson, the the Belgians, of excellent shape; O. crispum
handfiome O. crispum Saga, O. crispum La France, a beautiful xanthotic variety
Olive^ several distinct forms of O. crispum Dendrobmm Dalhousieanum luteum the ;

xanthotes, and the unique O. crispum solum. rare Schomburgkia Wallisii Cattleya Dussel- ;

Brightness was given by the inclusion of dorfei Undine, with a spike of 5 flowers the ;
2 12 THE ORCHID WORLD. [June, 191 5.

white Laelia purpurata Lewisii and the O. McBeanianum being much admired, while
handsome Miltonia Charlesworthii. O. superbiens and Odontocidium Edwar-
Messrs. and Sons, St. Albans,
.Sander datum were also in fine condition. Amongst
secured Gold Medal for an extensive
a the Odontoglossums there were several
exhibit, the two sides of which were made up attractive hybrids of cirrhosum, also O.
with specimen plants of Dendrobium thyrsi- Fascinator aureum, of golden colour, and
florum and numerous dark varieties of Laelio- superb varieties of O. crispum. Cattleyas
Cattleya Hyeana. In prominent positions were well represented, a specimen Mossiae
were several excellent Brasso-Cattleyas, also bearing 24 flowers the golden-yellow Laelio-
;

a specimen Lycaste gigantea, and the Cattleya Helius created much notice, while
beautiful Cattleya Schroder2e " Fairy Queen." Enid and callistoglossa were also good.
Miltonia vexillaria " Wm. Thompson " and Odontiodas were in grand form, the vigour
M. vexillaria " G. D. Owen " were two of the plants being remarkable.
splendid varieties. Cypripediums were repre- Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, received
sented by Rowena, Dowleri, and batches of a Silver-gilt Cup for a very effective display.
niveum, while the new Odontioda Ypres and Among the noteworthy plants were the new
O. vivicans were very bright. Laelio-Cattleya Uisa Blackii, which secured an Award of
Gold Star (Ariel x Mendelii), with yellow Merit, Laelio-Cattleya Clarice (L.-C. Fascina-
sepals and petals and crimson-purple hp, tor X C. Empress Frederick), L.-C. Fascinator
secured an Award of Merit. albida, with a spike of 5 large flowers, and
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown were L.-C. Teucra var. Mrs. Mary Stoker (Martin-
awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a splendid ctti X Mossiae), a very beautiful flower of rose-
display of hybrids, among the most inter- crimson colour. In the centre was a very
esting being Cattleya Stuartii (Mendelii alba fine variety of Brasso-Cattleya Thorntonii,
X Mossiae Wageneri), with pure white flowers, with a remarkably large labellum, while B.-C.
and other varieties of the same, made with Vilmoriniana was represented by a superb
Mossiae Reineckiana, which had coloured lips. variet)'. Odontioda Lambeauiana var. Nellie,
Laelio-Cattleya Mrs. Temple was represented a beautiful scarlet-red flower, obtained an
by a beautiful variety, while the centre part Award of Merit.
of the group was composed entirely of Brasso- Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham,
Messrs.
Cattleyas and Laelio-Cattleyas, over which were awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a very
hung dark varieties of Odontoglossum artistic arrangement of Orchids, the species
hybrids. Specially fine were Odontoglossum including Phalasnopsis amabilis, the richly
y\glaon, with a spike of 12 large and hand- coloured Cattleya Schilleriana and Renan-
somely marked flowers, and Odontioda thera Imschootiana, as well as Vanda tricolor,
Coronation Orchidhurst variety. Laelia V. teres and Laelia purpurata. A graceful
purpurata Lewisii was in fine condition, and effect was produced by the inclusion of
the pure white Cattleya O'Brieniana alba and suitable Oncidiums, Epidendrum Boundii, E.
C. Dusseldorfei Undine were in prominent xanthinum and others. Dendrobium formosum
positions. Along the front row was a fine and D. thyrsiflorum were very well flowered,
selection of new Odontoglossum hybrids and while the quaint Masdevallia Houtteana
numerous plants of the pretty Dendrobium carried a large number of flowers. In the
crepidatum. Undoubtedly the chief attrac- making of this exhibit no staging was used,
tion was a magnificent specimen of Coelogyne the effect being much praised.
pandurata, which received the high award of Messrs. Stuart Low
and Co., Jarvisbrook,
a Lindley Medal. were awarded a Large Silver Cup for an
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, extensive display in which the superb Laelio-
were awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a very Cattleya Sibyl occupied a prominent position.
well arranged group, the back part of which Cattleya Mendelii "Princess Mary" carried
contained many specimen Oncidiums, the new 14 fine flowers, while the variety delicata was
 A

June, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 213

very beautiful. The interesting C. intermedia CHELSEA AWARD.S.

coerulea with a blue Cymbidium
lip, the rare
Devonianum and the blue-flowering Den- First-class Certificates.
drobium Victoria Regina were much admired.
There were also good plants of Arpophyllum Odontioda ("olmania-, from .Sir Jcrcini.ili
giganteum, Vanda coerulescens, the scarce Colman, Bart. A \ery beautiful liybrid, with
Odontoglossum bictonense album, good l)right goklen-yellow flowers handsomely
varieties of Oncidium Gardneri, the richly blotched with chestnut-red. It is the result
coloured Sophro-Cattleya Thwaitesii, a varied of crossing Oda. Bradshawiae and an Odni.
selection of Oncidiums,and numerous Laelio hybrid of unknown parentage.
and Brasso-Cattleyas. Some very fine forms Laelio-Cattleya Transylvania (Ruby Gem
of Dendrobium Brymerianum were also X Trianae), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. —
included. remarkable as well as a beautiful hybrid, of
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, rich glowing ruby-crimson colour, the labellum
were awarded a Standard Cup for an attrac- being unusually well developed. The former
tive exhibit, in the front part of which were parent is a hybrid between C. Lawrenceann
high stands decorated with Miltonia vexiUaria and L.-C. elegans.
and M. Bleuana, of which a promising batch Laelia-Cattleya Sibyl " Low's var." (C.
has been raised from seed. Cattleyas and Mendelii x L.-C. Dominiana), from Messrs.
Laelio-Cattleyas were very well staged, and Stuart Low and Co. — A magnificent flower of
Odontiodas embraced some choice forms, large size and richly coloured, the massive
those bearingthe names Atalanta and labellum of dark crimson-purple, with a
Sunbeam being the best. Oncidium Gardneri golden area at the base.
and Trichopilia Backhouseana were well
flowered, and the Cypripediums were specially Awards of Merit.
good for the time of year.
Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, Miltonia Hyeana "
F. M. Ogilvie," from F.
received a Silver Flora Medal for a neat Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery,
exhibit of various Orchids, including the Oxford. —A charming hybrid, raised in the
pretty Oncidium phymatochilum, Cymbidium owner's collection by crossing M. Bleuana
Lowianum concolor, Laelio-Cattleya Apollo, Stevensii and M. vexillaria G. D. Owen. The
with yellow flowers, L.-C. Aphrodite and round flower china-white, the petals slightly
Cattleya Mendelii virginalis. A very fine flushed with rose, the labellum blotched with
variety of Sophronitis grandiflora was also crimson-red.
shown. Odontoglossum Princess Mary, from J.
F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury. —One of the
Oxford, exhibited Cattleya Mendelii " Queen finest Odontoglossums in the show. The
Mary," which was considered the best variety spike carried no less than 17 large flowers,
in the show and thus gained the Davidson with exceptionally broad petals, and all the
Cup. Also Odontoglossum Harwoodii, with segments blotched with reddish colour.
a spike of 6 flowers O. Queen Alexandra,
; Laelio-Cattleya Gold Star (Mendelii x
with a spike of 14 large blooms; a darkly Ariel), from Messrs. Sander and Sons. — An
coloured hybrid of O. Rolfeas and Miltonia attractive hybrid, with yellow sepals and
Hyeana " F. M. Ogilvie," the latter a petals, the labellum crimson-purple.
beautiful flower, to which an Award of Merit Odontoglossum Aglaon " Orchidhurst var.,"
was granted. from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. An —
George W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, elegant hybrid, with wide flowers neatly
Kent, exhibited a very beautiful variety of blotched with chocolate colour. Spike of
Odontioda Gladys (Oda. Bradshawia? x 0dm. strong, erect habit.
Pescatorei). Odontoglossum crispum Queen of the
 A:

THK ORCHID WORLD. [June, 191 5.

Belgians, from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. bright purple. This plant was shown at the

— See illustration and note in this issue. previous meeting, but was not then fully

Laslio-Cattleya Helius (Mossijb x G. S. developed.

Ball), from Messrs. and A. McBean.—
J. Cultural Commendation.
beautiful flower of bright buff-yellow colour,
the labellum marked with crimson-red. To Mr. I.
Baron Schroder, for
Shill, gr. to

Disa Blackii (Luna x grandiflora), from Laflio-Cattleya Anaconda, with very robust
—
Messrs. Flory and Black. A strong growing bulbs and leaves, and two spikes, each with
plant, with an erect spike carrying several three flowers.
rose-coloured flowers.
Other Exhibits.
Cattleya Tityus Rex (Octave Doin x Enid),
from Messrs. Flory and Black. —A very A Silver Flora Medal was awarded to

distinct and beautiful variety of this choice H. T. Pitt, Esq., for a pleasing group
liybrid, the rose-coloured flower having a containing good plants of Miltonia vexillaria,
large labellum of rich crimson-purple colour, the distinct Cypripedium glaucophyllum, the
with margin prettily frilled.
tlie new ('ymbidium .Sappho (Lowianum x
Odontioda Lambeauiana var. Nellie, from I'Ansonii), a clear yellow variety of Anguloa
Messrs. Flory and Black. -One of the finest Clowesii and the pretty Zygoj^jetalum
forms of this beautiful hybrid between C. Perrenoudii.
Noezliana and Odm. Lambeauianum. The R. G. ihwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill,

segments very broad and of bright scarlet-red sent Odontoglossum Meredithias (Rossii x
colour. venustulum), with a spike of four richly
coloured flowers.
W. Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL exhibited Cattleya Harlequin, witli varying
SOCIETY. shades of colour.
May I Ith, 191 5. Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged
Members of the Orchid Committee present Odontoglossum eximium, of good shape and
Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the cliair). Sir colour, the lip resembling that of O. crispum.
J.
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch,
Messrs. O'Brien (hon. sec), Gurney Wilson,
J.
Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY
F. M. Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb,
J.
Cypher, J. Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, April 29th, 191 5.

S. Flory, G. Hunter, J. Charlesworth, Members of the Committee present : Rev. J.

R. Brooman-W'hite and Wilson Potter. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.

Ashworth, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans,
Awards of Merit. A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, A. J.
Keeling, J. Lupton, C. Parker, W. Shackleton,
Laslio-Cattleya Anaconda (L.-C. Pallas x P. Smith, H. Thompson, H. Throp, G.
C. Dowiana Rosita), from Baron Bruno Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Schroder, Englefield Green, Surrey. A very A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded
attractive hybrid carrying two spikes, each to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and a
with three flowers. The sepals and petals .Silver-gilt Medal to Wm. Thomp.son, Esq.,

of old gold colour flushed with reddish Walton Grange, for excellent groups of
copper, the labellum rich ruby crimson. various Orchids.
Laelio-Cattleya Fascinator — Mossiae var. Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. J.
Imogene, from Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham ; Messrs. A.
A beautiful hybrid with broad pure white J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ; and the
sepals and petals, the well-developed labellum Liverpool Orchid Co.
June, 1915.] Till': ORCHID WORLD. 215

ABron/e Medal was awarded to F. A.

llindley, Esq., Bradford. OUier exhibitors
included Col. J.
Rutherford, M.P., Blaekhurii ;

A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidstoii ; Mrs. R.

Ic Doux, West Derby; Messrs. J. and A.
McBeaii, ("()()ksl)rid^e ; and Mr. W.
Shaekletou, Bradford.

First-class Certificates.

C(clo{^yne l)urfordiensis (jiandurata x

asperata), Odontioda Irene var. waltonensis

(Odm. Uro-Skinneri x Oda. Charlesworthii),
and O. Illustris (Odm. illustrissimum x Oda.
Charlesworthii), \\\\ from Wm. Thompson,
Esq.
Odontioda Princess Mary, from A. J.
Oakshott, Esq. Oncidium Marshallianum.
La?lio-Cattleya McBeaniana (C. Schroderje
X L. anceps Schroderiana), from Messrs. J.
Oncidium Marshallianum. — No matter

and A. McBean. what novelties appear in the front ranks of

the Chelsea Show groups there are always
many decorative Oncidiums to be seen in the
Awards of Merit.
background. Without them there would
be a heavy and unattractne appearance,
Odontoglossum Invernium (Doris x
while many corners would entirely lose
Ossulstonii), O. Phocis (Phoebe x Solon), O.
their brightness. No Oncidium excels O.
Episcasta (Clytie x crispum), O. illustrissimum
Marshallianum with its graceful spikes of
" Walton Grange," Miltonia Jules Hye de
Crom Orpheus (Hyeana x vexillana), M.
var.
bright golden-yellow fiowers, large m size

and lasting in perfection over a considerable

Hyeae var. Eurydice (Hyeana x Phalaenopsis),
period. This species was originally introduced
Odontioda Diana magnifica, O. Graireana
" Walton Grange," Cattleya Mossia? " Mam-
by Messrs. Low & Co. in 1865, through their
collector Ijlunt, and is dedicated to Mr. Wm.
moth," and B.-C.-L. Joan, all from Wm.
Marshall, for many years the chairman of the
Thompson, Esq.
R.H.S. Floral Committee, and at one time
Odontoglossum Black Dragon (Pluto x
an exhibitor of Orchids.
Black Prince), Odontioda Brewii " Black
Knight," and Miltonia Bleuana albens, from
|S
R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Mossias " Mrs. Bernal Bagshaw," DendrobiuM DIXANTHUM. — This pleasing
from Mrs. R. le Doux. species has recently been well flowered by
Odontoglossum amabile " I wilight," from Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., who ha\e a
Col. Rutherford. varied collection of rare Dendrobes in their
Odontioda H. Worsley (Odni. crispum x establishment at Jarvisbrook, Sussex. It was
Oda. Goodsoniae), and Lycaste lanipes, both the Rev. C. Parish who first made known this
from Messrs. A. [. Keeling and Sons. plant to Messrs. Low
and Co., in 864, and at 1

a later date Major-General E. S. Berkeley

Cultural Certificate. described how he invariably found it growing
with D. albo-sanguineum on the tops of lofty
Mr. J. Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq., trees. The specific name refers to the two
for Masdevallia Kimballiana. shades of yellow observable in the flower.
2l6 THE ORCIIII) WORLD.

MASDEVALLIA SCHLIMII.

THIS
mountains
species is a native
of Merida in Venezuela,
of the

at 6,000 feet elevation, where it

was discovered by Schlim in 1843-44. It
was not introduced into European
gardens till 1883, when it was sent to
Messrs. Sander and Sons by one of their
collectors. It was shortly afterwards
found by Messrs. Veitch and Sons'
collector Burke, on the eastern Cordillera
of New Granada, near Cocui, whence it
spreads northwards along the Cordillera,
with a vertical range of g,ooo-i 1,000 feet
to near Bucaramanga. In this locality
it IS purel)- epii^hytal, growing only on

the old stunted trees where decaying

vegetable matter can rest and accumulate.
The leaves are elliptic-obovate, 12 or
more inches long and 3 inches broad.
The flowers are about i { inches in m
diameter ; the tube light orange-yellow i/

above ; the upper sepal light yellow ;

the lateral sepals yellow, densely mottled

with brownish - purple papillse ; tails

golden-yellow ; the minute petals white.

It was first flowered in England by Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., who exhibited
it at the Royal Horticultural Society, //

April 10th, 1883, when a First-class

Certificate was awarded.

Dendrobium crepidatum album. —

Flowers of this interesting rarity are
kindly sent by Capt. Robert Twiss, of Bird-
hill, Limerick. The pink tinge usually seen in From the same collection comes a spike of
this species has entirely disappeared, leaving Odontoglossum Thompsonianum (Edwardii
a shining" white flower, the labellum yellow, X crispum roseum), a richly coloured variety,
except a small part of the apical area, which, in which the tips of thesegments are bright
like the other segments, is pure white. This rose, doubtless due to the variety of crispum
species, a native of Assam, was introduced used in its production.
into cultivation in 1849, and flowered for the
first time in the collection of Mr. R. S. Odontoglossum Vulturia. — Mr. E. \\'.

Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury, in the spring Thompson, of Haddon House Gardens,

of the following year. The specific name, Ashton-on-Mersey, sends a fine example
crepidatum, refers to the slipper-like hollow of this hybrid between Vux'lstekeae and
near the base of the lip. It is a charming triumphans. The colour is chestnut-red with
little plant and well worthy of cultivation. bright golden-yellow tips to the segments.
 — 5

NOTES.
The Beauties of Orchids. — The family flower. V. Roxburghii is of more than
of the Orchidaceae, it must be remembered, ordinary interest, for it is the species upon
has long enjoyed a large share of the favour which the genus was founded and the first

of those whose means enable them to engage Vanda introduced into British gardens. It

in the culture of tropical plants, which favour was cultivated by Sir Joseph Banks, and
has, no doubt, been won and held by them in flowered in his collection in the autumn of
consequence of the gorgeous character of 1 819. It bears the name of Dr. William
their remarkably formed and for the most Roxburgh, one of the earliest pioneers of
part exquisitely coloured flowers. We say Indian botany and Director of the Botanic
they have not only won and held this position Garden at Calcutta from 1797 to 18 14. At
among the few, but that they hold also a high the present time this species is not popular
place in the estimation of the many. If proof with English growers ; m fact, it would be
be demanded, let the enquirer go and witness difficult to find a plant in cultivation. Not so
the delight with which visitors hang around long ago, however, the late Mr. J. S.
Bergheim,
these choice exotics at our grand floral of Belsize Court, Hampstead, received a small
exhibitions. There they still command, importation of no less than
consisting 1

as ever, the highest admiration. Robert distinct varieties, which certainly shows that
Warner, jS6j. the plant is not without interest. Going back
u u u to the year 1835, a plant flowered in the
collection of Earl Fitzwilliam and received the
Vanda Roxburghii. — Flowers of a very name Vanda concolor. It was considered by
distinct variety of this Indian species are sent Sir W. J. Hooker to be a variety of V.
by the discoverer, Mr. Chas. Power, of Roxburghii, the only difference being in the
Barrackpore, India. In the typical V. colour, which was a uniform cinnamon-brown.
Roxburghii the greenish flowers are closely
tessellated with olive-brown, the labellum
violet-purple, but in the above-mentioned Dendrobiu.m Williamsianum. — There IS

variety the flower is of pale yellowish-green, a healthy plant of this uncommon species m
while the brown colour is entirely absent, Mr. H. S. Goodson's collection, Fairlawn,
leaving the chequered markings of so faint an Putney, where it grows suspended from the
emerald-green that they are only visible when roof of a seedling Cattleya house. It was
viewed by transmii:ted light the ; lip is entirely originally describedby Reichenbach in 1878,
white. In thus losing the coloured markings from dried material collected in New Guinea
itagrees with other so-called albino Orchids, by Mr. Goldie, then employed by Mr. B. S.
although the varietal name citrina would be a Williams, of Upper Holloway. The flowers
better term to use, for it has a recognised are slightly over 2 inches across, the flat

meaning in this respect, having been used for sepals and petals of pale mau\e, while the
various Odontoglossums in which the removal scoop-shaped labellum is mauve-purple. It

of the markings leaves a citron coloured usually flowers in the summer season.

VOL. V. 28
2X8 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915-

some time, and are found to work well,

notwithstanding that the boiler is fixed under
some disadvantage from the circumstance of
a drain running immediaely under it, which
prevented it from being properly set. The
tanks, passing round the house below the
stage between the pathway and the glass,
have small openings on the top for the escape
of steam, immediately from the surface of the
water. These can be kept open or shut, thus
affording either moist or dry heat as required.
The bed in the centre of the house is also
heated by means of hot water from the same
boiler flowing in open tanks, the vapour from
which enters the house through a number of
finely perforated zinc plates which are level
with the surface of the bed."

Masdevallia ignea. II gjE ^

MasdevALLIA ignea. — Although

Masde-
—
Staging. I read with interest the article
on staging which appeared in the June issue.
vaUias were great favourites in days gone by,
In the Fairlawn collection we have now
they rarely receive much attention in the more
entirely removed the old-fashioned coke and
recently formed collections. This is rather a
cinder ash under-staging, and in its place
pity, for many of them produce brightly
employ only a single stage of battens. Of
coloured flowers, which stand well up above
course, we do not allow the heat from the
the foliage and last some time in perfection.
hot-water pipes to rush up directly on to the
This season a remarkable display of M. ignea
plants, which would probably be worse than
has been produced in the collection of Mr.
the old method, but some few inches above
H. S. Goodson, Fairlawn, Putney, where some
the pipes we fix a length of cocoanut matting,
70 healthy plants have each carried about
which is kept constantly moist. This material
10 flowers of bright cinnabar-red colour.
is of fairly thick nature, and supported by
This fine show of about 700 flowers is all the
three strands of galvanised wire, reaching
more remarkable when it is considered that
from one end of the house to the other, as
this collection is within five miles of Charing
well as wire netting in order to keep it nice
Cross. The present stock of M. ignea has
and level. About every eight feet small iron
been produced by propagating a few plants
brackets are erected as additional supports.
obtained some six years ago.
It is surprising how long this matting continues
U SJs
to give off moisture when once it has been
thoroughly saturated with water, which is
Seventy Years Ago. —The
followmg done every morning and night. The space
interesting note, extracted from the Gardeners between the matting and the plants is about
Chronicle, June 14th, 1845, explains an one foot, the distance varying slightly as the
ingenious method of heating an Orchid house position of the pipes allows, but as much
in Messrs. Henderson's nursery at Pine-Apple space as possible This method
secured.
Place:
— "It is a span-roofed structure, about
is

allows a free circulation of air and tends to

35 feet in length, and nearly 25 feet in width, keep the atmosphere of the house in a sweet
and is heated by means of hot water flowing condition. Moreover, when we used the coke
in iron tanks put up by Messrs. Burbidge and and cinder-ash stage, as well as leaves on the
Healy. These have been in operation for ground, we were never free from injurious
 : —

July, iyi5-] THE ORCHID WORLD. 219

pests, woodlice being especially troublesome. beneficial ripening effect, while the plants
Under the new conditions the houses always appear less liable to insect attacks. C'ypri-
look neat and clean, the plants grow better, pcdiums throw flowers of larger size and
and a more suitable atmosphere is produced. better colour, while Odontoglossums and
— Geo. E. Day, The (iardens, I' air I awn, Miltonias have likewise improved. At night
Putney. time I give as much air as the weather
lis Si conditions will allow, for it is only right that
plants should receive the same treatment
Staging. — With reference to the article on under cultivation as they would get in their
staging in the June issue, it may interest native home. I feel that a good many
readers to know that in Mr. W. R. Lee's growers make a mistake in neglecting this
collection at Plumpton Hall, Heywood, important point. The temperature should rise
considerable alterations have recently been gradually until mid-day and then slowly drop,
made. The first job was to lower the hot- the lowest being at night-time, when ventila-
water pipes until they were about 3 feet below tion can be given without fear of injuring the
the staging. At a distance of i foot above plants. Of course, I am writing of the
the pipes zinc trays are erected, these being growing season, and not of a when
time
2 inches deep and a little wider than the severe frosts prevail. C. Branch, The
pipes, and filled with limestone chippings, Gardens, Plumpton Hall.
which are kept continually moist by frequent
watering. This method effectually prevents
any unreasonably hot and dry air from RHYNCHOSTYLIS CCELESTIS.
reaching the plants. We have entirely
discarded the practice of placing decayed THISknown
attractive Siamese species, also
leaves in the houses, and find everything as Saccolabium coeleste, first

much cleaner in consequence; very few insects flowered in the Burford collection in
indeed are to be found. Our houses are now 1885, when
was described by Reichenbach
it

fitted with two rows of bottom ventilators, in the Gardeners Chronicle for May 30th.
one on a level with the pipes, the other just Messrs. Sander and Sons thus describe it in
above the zinc trays. I always use the bottom their Reichenbachia — "It is quite distinct
ones first, so that the air may become warm from the majority of Saccolabiums in bearing
before reaching the plants. The top row is upright flower spikes. The largest number
only used when an extra amount of ventila- of species in this handsome genus carry
tion is required during very warm days. Our pendulous, long racemes, of densely packed
method of arranging the plants is somewhat blossoms, varying in colour from white, rose,
different to employed.
that We
usually purple, violet, and orange-crimson, but no
endeavour to place every plant about g to kinds with which we are acquainted bear such
12 inches from the glass, so that they may all charming sapphire and azure-blue tipped
receive the same amount of light and warmth blossoms as S. coeleste, with just enough white
from the sun. In order to do this we use a in the sepals and petals to make the flowers
number from 6 to
of stands, varying in height perfectly exquisite. In a large batch of plants
18 inches the shortest are used for the back
; there is an almost form
infinite variety in size,
row and the taller ones for the front rows of and colouring, sometimes the white colour
plants. As a precaution against insect pests preponderating, at other times the blue. It is,
each stand is surrounded by water. The however, always a gem, and never fails to
results have been astonishing. In every command admiration we should be glad to ;

house the plants look 50 per cent, better not ;

see this elegant genus more generally
only are the new growths much stronger, but cultivated.
the bulbs are particularly healthy, owing to " Our collector describes this species as
the bountiful supply of fresh air with its growing upon trees in Siam in hot, moist
220 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

Rhynchoslylis ccelestis.

districts, where the land is often under water Odontioda Princess Mary. — This
for a considerable time in the rainy season, beautiful hybrid, one of the gems in the
when thetemperature is very high. The collection of Mr. A. J. Oakshott, of Merle
plants grow with marvellous rapidity, emitting Dene, Bidston, Cheshire, received a First-class
from among the leaves new roots in Certificate when exhibited
Manchester
at the
abundance, which grow with great vigour and Orchid Society, May 6th, 1915. The repro-
freedom, apparently absorbing the moisture of duced photograph shows the spike as it then
the air to great advantage. After a time the appeared, the largest flower being fully
rain suddenly ceases, and then sets in a 4 inches across. The colour is rich crimson-
scorching, dry heat, often attended by forest red, with the labellum a little lighter and
fires, in which epiphytic plants and
suffer first carrying a yellowish crest. Mr. C. Findlow,
most severely. These fires often extend for who is in charge of this collection, kindly
long distances, and destroy multitudes of sends a painting of a single bloom in order to
noble trees and lovely plants, which a few- show the intensity of the colour, but he is

short hours previously were laden with unable to state the parentage, for it belongs
handsome foliage and beautiful blossoms." to those of unrecorded origin.
July, 1915.] TMK ORCHID WORLD,

VOL. V. 29
222 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

Cymbidium Huttoni.
In the collection of Geo. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol.
July, KJI5-] THI-: ORCHID WORLD. 223

CYMBIDIUM HUTTONI. Java by Henry llutton, at that time collecting

for Messrs. J. X'eitch and Sons, in whose
establishment iluwered 111 June, icSO/. The
ON being-
account
taken
ol the
m
reproduced photograph of C. Huttoni
wide interest now
Cymbidiums the yellowish
purple-brown.
it

flowers are densely s[)ottcd with

cannot fail to attract more than ordinary

attention, tor not only is this species a rarity
and notoriously difticult to cultivate, but the NEW HYBRIDS.
specimen figured is probably the finest that
iias yet been seen. Odontoglossum -Facisolon. — Several
Mr. Geo. Hamilton-Smith, of Northside, examples of this hybrid are kindly sent by
Leigh Woods, Bristol, in whose collection it Mr. C. J.
Lucas, of Warnham
Court, Horsham,
has llowered, also sends a second photograph, who produced by crossing Fascinator
it

showing a group of four healthy plants with (Adrianae x crispum) and Solon (Adrianac x
a total of seven spikes, and the following ardentissimum). The flowers are of interest
interesting particulars: — on account of their resemblance to some of
" I acquired these plants, some twenty in the early-day blotched crispums, and they
number, from an importation received in throw considerable light on the way in which
1913. Of these, I have this summer flowered these were produced. In one flower the
nine, some with two racemes. None of this reddish blotches are on a pure white ground,
importation shows any variation m shape, size although the labellum still shows evidence
or colouring ; the scapes of all are uniformly of Hunnewellianum, derived through the
strong and vigorous. Adrianae parent. In another example there is
" This species most treacherous to
is a violet-rose tint suffused through the flower,
cultivate, notwithstandmg that it appears to which may be traced to the influence of
be a very vigorous grower when in perfect Pescatorei, through the ardentissimum parent.
health, i have grown it for six years, but I In other cases the flowers are almost white,
cannot truthfully affirm that its cultivation and reversion having occurred m favour of the
habit are at all perfectly understood. Often, crispum species.
a plant in apparently perfect health will, CVPRIPEDIUM SiNBAU. An — excellent
without the least reason, set up a softening result obtained in the Westonbirt collection,
and which will carry off a large bulb and
rot the parentage being VandyckMoore. x G. F.
leaf in two hours. In fact, a large plant of Cattleya Sulla. — On
October 21st,
eight bulbs, which one day was in sound 1913, this Westonbirt hybrid was exhibited at
condition, has rotted completely through in the Royal Horticultural Society as the
less than 24 hours, and in spite of the greatest result of crossing C. Mendelii and L.-C.
care possible. I am unable to even guess at Antigone. Owing to a clerical error the
the cause of the mischief ; it is certainly not latter parent should have been L.-C. Radium
through any want of care in treatment. I (C. Warscewiczii x L.-C. Antigone).
believe I am correct in saying that nearly OdONTIODA H. WORSLEY. A very —
everyone who has essayed its cultivation has promising and distinct flower, of which the
experienced much the same results, though I parents are Od. crispum and Oda. Goodsoniae.
am glad to say that lately we appear to be In the collection of Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin,
getting less troubled than formerly. Baxenden.
" This species is a warm-growing one, as Odontioda SuNBEA^L — At the recent
would naturally be assumed, most of the Chelsea Show a hybrid Odm. between
plants I possess coming from Java, though in Lambeauianum and Oda. Vuylstekeas was
three which came from Sumatra there appears exhibited by]\Iessrs. Mansell and Hatcher as

to be no difference in structure or habit." Oda. Sunbeam, and also by Messrs. Sander

C. Huttoni was originally introduced from and Sons under the name Oda. Ypres. But
 AA

224 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

as only one name can be upheld Messrs. Newchurch, }*Ianchester. When exhibited by

Sander have obligingly decided to suppress Mr. Richd. Ashworth at the meeting of the
the one under which their plant was shown. Manchester Orchid Society, June 3rd, 191 5, it

L.elio-Cattleya Roger Sander. — obtained an Award of 2^Ierit. The thick

pleasing result obtained by crossing L.-C. white segments are very broad, while the
lummosa and C. Mossiae, the raisers being labellum is unusually developed, reminding
Messrs. Sander and Sons. one of Wilckeanum, although there is no
L.ELIO-Cattleya Apricosa. — A pleasing evidence of this m the other parts. Man\^ of
flower of soft apricot-yellow colour, raised by these superb white varieties are now rarer

IMessrs. Flory and Black, the parents being than the blotched forms, and
well when
L.-C. Ophir (xanthina x aurea) and C. grown, as the above flower appears to be,

Schroder^. present most beautiful objects.

L.elio-Cattleya Do.MALLIS. The result — Cypripedium. — Flowers of a pleasing
of crossing L.-C. Dominiana (purpurata x h}brid between ^^laudiae and Chamber-
aurea) and L.-C. Pallas (crispa x aurea), the lainianum are sent by Mr. Wm. Bolton, of
labellum being entirely coloured with intense Warrington, with a note that the batch of
purple, making a striking contrast to the plants in his possession is in flower almost the
light rose sepals and petals. Raised by whole year through; no sooner does one bloom
Messrs. Flory and Black. fade than another takes its place even the ;

same spike continues to produce flowers for

several months.
FLOWERS IN SEASON. Odontoglossum crispo-Harryanum.
L.elio-Cattleya Teucra. — A fine — Odontoglossum hybrids, once so difficult to

example of this hybrid between C. Mossije raise, are now making appearance in
their
and L.-C. Martinetti (Mossiae x tenebrosa) several collections, thus proving how practice
comes from Mr. E. R. Ashton, Broadlands, makes perfect. Mr. H. Haddon, of L}nwood
Tunbridge Wells. Measuring some 7 inches Gardens, Penarth, S. Wales, sends good
across, it makes a most attractive point in a examples of O. crispo-Harryanum, which he
group of Cattle} as, the double influence of has raised in Mr. J. J. Neale's collection. This
]\Iossiae producing wide segments of a soft hybrid, one of the earliest Odontoglossum
buff-rose tint, the labellum mottled with crosses, has been the forerunner of many
varying shades of crimson. It is another beautiful flowers, of which O. amabile is a
how often a hybrid may be further
instance of great favourite with amateurs. From the
improved by again making use of one of the same source comes a beautiful variety of
parental species. Laelia grandiflora (L. majahs), with bright
Odontoglossu:\is. — From Mr. C. J. rose-pink colour. This Mexican species is

Lucas, W'arnham Court, Horsham, come two not often seen in cultivation, probably on
interesting hybrids. One is Od. Telemachus account of its shy-flowering nature, but when
(excellens x harvengtense), in which the white its successful cultivation can be achieved the
flower marked with reddish-brown
IS the ;
owner is well repaid for his trouble.
other Od. Fascination (Fascinator x Ossul-
is

stonii), with chocolate spots and blotches on a ]^Ianchester Orchid Society. At the —
white ground, the broad labellum having a annual meeting of the Society thanks were
spiny crest and a large central blotch. Both accorded to the following gentlemen for
flowers show signs of Pescatorei, derived in kindly subscribing to the cost of painting
the former through excellens, and in the latter certificated Orchids: — The Rev. J. Cromble-
through Ossulstonii. holme, Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J.
Ouoxtoglossum crispum Irene. — Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartle}-,
flower of this beautiful variety is sent by !Mr. A. J. Keeling, \Y. R. Lee, W. Shackleton, P.
W. Gilden from the Aslands collection, Smith, W. Thompson and Z. A. W^ard.
Iiilv, 191. Illh. ORCIIII) WORLD.

Cattleya Queen of the Belgians.

Sold by auction for £200 in aid of the Beb^ian Relief Fund.

Cattleya Queen of the Belgians. — having the sepals and petals of French-white,
Our illustration of this beautiful Cattleya is shaded with lavender, and with a sheen that
specially interesting" as it represents the plant makes it very attractive ; the throat is )'ellow
exhibited by Mr. Clement Moore at the with arose-magenta blotch. It is also
International Flower Show of New York, and remarkable on account of its thick texture and
afterwards presented by him in aid of the good shape. This variety appeared in an
Belgian Relief Fund, when at an auction sale importation of C. .Schroderae, but Mr. Moore
it realised the large sum of £200, the remarks that it is m every wa\' superior to any
purchaser being a great lo\ er of Orchids. Mr. Schrodera? that has pre\ i(nisl\- flowcMcd in his
Moore, the donor of the plant, describes it as extensive collection.

\'0L. V 30
226 THF. ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

"

Brasso-Cailleya Cli/lonii " The Globe.

Jl beautiful hybrid in the collection of Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead T-'ark.. Surrey.
 Ji:l\, 1915.] IHK ORCHID WORI.I).

Ashtead Park, Surrey, the residence of Panda Ralli, Esq.

ASHTEAD PARK, SURREY. Society's Orchid Committee he is a regular

attendant, where his excellent taste and sound

W'HILE
and exquisite
strolling round this extensive
where graceful
estate,
judgment are of considerable value in the
important and exacting duties which this
fallow deer graze beneath the Committee now has to perform.
veteran oaks and chestnuts, it is difficult to The Cattleyas were formerly cultivated in a
believe that only 17 miles separate it from large and high span-roofed house, a method
the most important city of the world. When which did not give satisfaction. At the present
Mr. Pantia came into possession of
Ralli time excellent results are procured by placing
Ashtead Park, some 25 years ago, the gardens the plants in smaller houses, where they can be
contained a few stray Orchids, and this is all kept well up to the light and warmth of the sun.
that can be said regarding the origin of this The varieties of C. labiata include several
now famous assemblage of species and albinos as well as other distinct forms, the
hybrids. Although in the early days no best being La Vierge, Bradshawiae and Mrs.
special interest was taken in this section of the E. Ashworth, while C. Trianae is represented
gardens, the last ten years have shown by the varieties Empress of India, Goliath,
an immense change, for now many of The Premier and Mrs. de B. Crawshay.
the principal glass-houses are stocked Cattleya Mossise embraces many distinct
with a varied assortment of choice and forms, of which the pure white Wageneri and
beautiful Orchids, while smaller houses are Hardy's variety of Reineckiana have recently
devoted to the interesting work of raising been in ffower. A large plant of C. Mossias
seedlings. Arnoldiana is quite a picture with g large
Besides being an enthusiastic lover of flowers, while C. Gaskelliana alba is also
Orchids, Mr. Ralli takes a personal interest in worthy of mention on account of its vigorous
his plants, while his widespread knowledge of constitution. C. Lueddemanniana Stanleyi is

the subject enables him to follow this represented by 5 strong plants, and C.
fascinating hobby with the keenest pleasure. O'Brieniana alba as well as richly coloured
As a member of the Royal Horticultural varieties of C. aurea are also to be seen.
?.2S THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

Odontoglossum crispum Black Knight.

In (iiic houhc eiitirel}- devoted to seedlmys flowering Cattleya Drapsiana pnmulina (Mrs.
there are many mterestm^- hybrids, and Pitt X aurea) are well worthy of inclusion m
amongst those which may be expected to this collection.
yield excellent results are C. aurea x C. Among other hybrids of promise there are
Mossiae W'ageneri, C. aurea x C. Schroderae nice plants of Cattleya Lueddemanniana
"
;\lba, L.-C. George Woodhams x B.-C. Stanleyi x aurea, C. Parthenia Prince of

Digbyano-W'arncri, C. aurea x C. Maggie Wales," B.-C. Mrs. J.

Leemann x Sophronitis
Raphael, C. Trianas Empress of India x B.-C. grandiflora, and C. O'Brieniana alba x S.

Menda, and C. aurea x L.-C. bletchleyensis. grandiflora. Also C. Hardyana x B.-C. Mme.
Of the many hybrids that have reached Chas. Maron, and C. Freya " Mrs. Fred.
maturity it is difficult to make a representative .Sassoon " x aurea. Growing in the same
selection, but the following cannot escape temperature is Sophro-Cattleya Dons, a
notice: — Cattleya Comet var. Princess Mary beautiful flower of scarlet-red colour. Cattleya
(aurea x Warneri alba), A.M., R.H.S., October Bowringiana finds a very suitable atmosphere
22ncl, igi2 ; C. Empress Frederick var. Avia in one of the warm houses a moderate size —
Clifton, A.M., October 21st, 1913 ; Brasso- plant is sending up no less than 10 strong-
Cattlexa Menda, F.C.C., February i8th, 1913 ; growths —
while Low's variety of this Central
and Lselio-Cnttleya Lady Oliphant, A.M., y\merican species is to be seen in a x'lgorous
October 20th, 1914, the latter having golden- specimen.
yellow sepals and petals and a rich crimson In another house is a most interesting
labellum. There is also a plant of the historic collection of Lycaste .Skinneri, the varieties
Cattleya CVnmtess of Derby, C. Fabia alba, ranging from dark rose-purple to pure white ;

C. Lord Rothschild, and B.-C.-L. The also the Peruvian L. costata with large ivor)-
I'.iironcss (L.-C. Ophir x B.-C. Mrs. J. Lee- white flowers, and the rare L. Rossiana, allied
i-nnn), a large yellow flower, with the labellum to L. cruenta, and bearing \ellow flowers.
lirettily frilled. The winter-flowering Laslia There is also a fine specimen of L. Balliae
Gnildiima, a beautiful variety of L.-C. with numerous flowers. The flowering of
Ciinymede (C. Schroderas x L. Latona), with three healthy little seedlings between j\Lixil-
;ispike of 5 flowers of sunset colours, a dark laria Sanderiana and Lycaste Skinneri is

form of L.-C. Dominiana, and the yellow- awaited with keen interest.
July, i()i5. THI-: ORCIIII) WORLD. 229

('ymbidiuins arc alwa}s allraclixe, more under similar Irt-atnicnl. lu- stalely Vaiida
I

especially so since the introduction of (". tricolor and V. suavis, each with nuincrous
insigne, which has made quite a distinct break. flowers, make a welcome addition, and s(j also
Here there are vigorous plants of Pauwclsii, docs the handsome Angraecum sesqui])edale,
Alexanderi, Gottianum, and Schlegclii punc- of which there is a fine specimen well clothed
tatum (insigne x Wiganianum), the latter a with dark green leaves. The uncommon
beautiful variety, to which an Award of Merit Angra?cum Leonis, several distinct .Stan-
was given January 13th, 1914. A promising hopeas, the pretty Trichopilia crispa and the
is C. grandiflorum x C. Wiganianum.
h) l)rid red-flowering Renanthcra Imschcjotiana all
Disa Luna and D. grandiflora grow with add to the interest of this important collection.
considerable freedom, and it is rarely that one Mention may also be made of Platyclinis
comes across so healthy a batch of plants, one filiformis, one of the most charming of the
specimen of the former havmg many- small-flowering species, the long pendulous
fiowered spikes, while the latter are furnished spikes of minute golden flowers causing it to
with an abundance of foliage. In order to be known as the Golden Chain Orchid.
produce further stock of D. grandiflora, and The Odontiodas comprise an imi)ortaiu
also with the mtention of strengthening its section of the cool-house Orchids, and make
constitution, some flowers were fertilised last a most attractive sight when staged along
August, and so quickly does the seed of this with white crispums and a few yellow-
species ripen and germinate that a number of flowering h\brids. The Ashtead Park
healthy seedlings have already been pricked collections contains a remarkable specimen of
out into small pots. Cypripediums do not Odontioda Charlesworthii, the bright scarlet-
occupy much space in this collection, although red O. Hemptinneana (C. Nrezliana x O.
a batch of insigne Sanderae is worthy of note. cximium), good varieties of Bradshawia? and
Miltonias have never been more po]iular \'"uylstekeae, the choice Seymourae, which has
than at the present time, which is not to be received an Award of Merit, O. Chantecleer
wondered at when their great decorative value (C. Noezliana x Oda. Cooksoniae), which
is considered. Even ordinary varieties of M. produces flowers of rich scarlet-red colour, and
ve.xillaria are well worth growing, while those an excellent variety of O. Uterpe. Two
known as Candida and Empress Augusta large plants of Odontioda keighleyensis (C.
Victoria create a pleasing effect. Other noted Noezliana x O. cirrhosum), each obtained from
Miltonias in this collection are Lambeauiana, a different trade grower, are of interest, as one
vexillaria G. D. Owen and Charlesworthii, the is very free flowering while the other continues
latter represented by a very beautiful variety to make new bulbs, but rarely produces a
bearing the name Mrs. Ralli. The scarlet M. spike. A hybrid of beauty is
particular
vexillaria still little more than a dream,
is Oncidioda Cooksoniae (C. Noezliana x On.
although Miltonioda Harwoodii (M. vexil-
in macranthum), of which there are two specially
laria X C. Noezliana) the first step in its fine \ arieties in this collection they are ;

production has been effected. A good
example is here to be seen, and also in
Odontonia brugensis (M. vexillaria x O.
Edwardii), a richly coloured flower, and the
known respectively as Ralli's variety and
Circnadicr, and both ha\'e received Awards of
Merit from the Ro\'al Horticultural Society.
he Ashtead Park collection is especially
I

first stage in the production of the purple M. rich in yellow Odontoglossums, these being
vexillaria. favourites with Mr. Pantia Ralli. Several
A sunny position has been selected for a beautiful v arieties of crispum aureuni, as well
representative collection of Laslia anceps, the as crispum Primrose, may here be seen
finest typical form being seen in Chamber- growing in company with a splendid batch of
lainiana, while Schroderas is particularly good. the best round-flowered type. The plants
L.-C. Frederick Boyle, an interesting hybrid look a picture of good health, while the leaves
between L. anceps and C. Trianae, grows well have just that bronze tint which proves the
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 191 5.

Odontoglossum Canary. Jl beautiful flower of bright canary-yellow colour.

correctness of the treatment they receive. Other attractive Odontoglossums are

Undoubtedly the finest of the yellow forms is Ameth\'st (Lambeauianum x eximium), of
to be seen in Odontoglossum Canary, a large excellent shape, Elaine (cirrhosum x
flower of excellent shape and of bright canary- Harryanum), with a graceful spike, and Eva
yellow colour. One of the largest and best (cirrhosum x Kegeljani). There is a vigorous
shaped crispums is to be seen in Alagnum plant of O. Crawshayanum, which has received
Bonum, while other meritorious varieties are an Award of Merit, also O. Humeanum, a
The Nyzam, Lindenii, A. J. Balfour and natural hybrid between Rossi and cordatum,
Raymond Crawshay. There are several and many others, all meritorious varieties, the
distinct varieties of crispum xanthotes, some result of careful selection when in flower. A
pleasing rosy forms, and a remarkable variety, curious Odontoglossum is crispum Oakfield
known as Black Knight, in which the blotches Sunrise, in which the markings on the petals
are of dark chocolate colour. resemble those on the labellum it is an;

Odontoglossum ashteadense produces interesting example of irregular peloria.

flowers of a reddish colour, O. Bronze Dragon,
as its name suggests, is of bronze-purple
colour, while the variety of ardentissimum
known as Doris is handsomely blotched with
violet-purple on a white ground. O. Pesca-
torei Virginia has bright purple spotting, while
O. Elissa (Edwardii x illustrissimum) obtained
an Award of Merit, R.H.S., April 15th, 1914,
on account of its bright purple coloration.
Seedling Odontoglossums must not be
forgotten, for there are some promising
crosses between crispum Mossiae and crispum
Lucianii, also percultum and crispum Oakfield
Sunrise, as well as Miltonia Warscewiczii and
Odontioda Charlesworthii. With such fine
examples of yellow varieties to work with it is
not surprising to find a keen desire to produce
h\ brids of similar style. A start has already
July, 1915.] iniv ORCHID WORLD.

been made, evidence of which is to be seen

in some healthy seedlings between Odonto-
glossum. Canary and O. ardentissimum
xanthotes, as well as O. Canary and O.
crispum aureum. Odontogiossum Farnesii
(Crawshayanum x Rolfeae), the first to flower
of the Odontoglossums raised in this collec-
tion, has turned out quite a success. It is

named in honour of Mr. Fames, the able

cultivator of the Orchids com]irising this
extensive collection.
Calanthes are largely grown for decorative
purposes, and include all the best species and
hybrids. At the time of writing these notes
the plants occupy a favourable position in the
melon house, where they obtain just the
amount of heat and atmospheric
requisite
moisture encourage vigorous growth.
to
When the bulbs are matured cooler treatment
is given, and excellent spikes of bloom are
obtained.
Although these notes only concern the
Orchids, there are many other attractions in

this beautiful estate, foremost of which are the

productive fruit houses, the extensive flower Millonioda Harwoodii.
beds and the necessary vegetable garden, all
of which reflect considerable credit to Mr.
Hunt, who has occupied the position of head MiLTONiODA Harwoodii. — In this

gardener for more than 2^ years. bigenenc hybrid between Miltonia ve.xillaria
and Cochlioda Noezliana a new section of
spring-fiowering Orchids has been produced.
It IS one that will gain considerable favour

on account of its reddish colour, and Miltonias

are particularly attractive when well culti-
vated. Cochhoda Noezliana has been of
immense value in connection with Odonto-
glossums, and it will doubtless prove itself

equally useful when mated with Miltonias of

the vexillar'Ia and Roezlii section. Unfortu-
nately, M. Harwoodii does not possess a
robust constitution, which renders it somewhat

difficult to cultivate, an adverse point which

may be overcome to a very large extent in

the next generation, when form and size will
also be greatly improved by judicious matings
with large-flowering varieties of M. vexillaria
and its numerous hybrids. One day we shall
see a combination of Odontogiossum, Miltonia
and Cochlioda, with perhaps Oncidium
PhalcEHopsis oiolacea. included.
232 THi-; ORCHID WORLD. [July, 'y's-

Odonloglossum triumphans.

its second parent, and the latter

ODONTOGLOSSUM torei for
crispum. Records show that more than £100
TRIUMPHANS. has been paid for examples of either of these
yellow-flowering Odontoglossums.
O botanical description is needed to Many plants described and sold as yellow

N remind readers of the characteristics

of O. triumphans, for there
a collection in which has not at some time
it
is hardly
varieties of crispum were undoubtedly forms
of harvengtense, or loochristiense as it was
called in the early days. Possibly, varieties
or other been cultivated. There are, however, of excellens were also included as yellow
several interesting^- features concerning this crispums, although in this hybrid there is a
Colombian species that are worthy of a few- wider difference on account of the pandurate
remarks, for there is good evidence to show shape of the Pescatorei labellum, as well as
that yellow Odontoglossums are receiving the inclination to produce a branching spike.
considerable attention, and c)ne of the Almost every amateur is acquainted with the
[jrincipal means of procuring this yellow fact that triumphans is occasionally found
colour is by working with O triumphans in growing in proximity to both crispum and
conjunction with suitable mates. Pescatorei, with the result that liybrids are
Going back to early days, before the advent produced, these being none other than replicas
of artificially raised Odontoglossums, we of many of the so-called yellow crispums of
find records of high prices being paid for bygone days. If wanted of the
proof is

yellow-flowering varieties. The origin and popularity enjoyed by and

composition of these rarities was then Uttle
understood, although it was the opinion of a
few experts that triumphans was in some way
responsible for thismuch esteemed colour, a
supposition which hybridists subsequently
proved to be correct. The two important
natural hybrids of triumphans are excellens
and harvengtense, the former having Pesca-
har\'engtense
excellens we have it in the Royal Horticul-
tural Society's List of Awards, where more
than 30 varieties are enumerated.
In a few examples the yellow ground colour
of triumphans was the principal character
inherited, the blotches being almost absent,
and causing the owner to describe them as
loochristiense aureum and excellens aureum.
 —
IHI': ORCHID WORLD. 233

These particular varieties were possibly

further crosses with the white parent, a known
example ol which wc ha\c in hcllciuensc
(ioocliristiense x crispuin). A noteworthy
occurrence is the manner in which the yellow
colour IS lessened by the influence of the white
parent ; one would expect it to gradually lose
its intensity, but this is not so, only the central
area of each sej^ment becomes whiter, while
the outer portion retains the yellow in a
marked degree.
Not content with Nature's productions, the
hybridist set about making superior varieties
by crossing the best parents procurable. The
adjoining illustration shows a remarkal:)ly
fine variety of harvengtense (triumphans x
crispum) — the loochristiense of early days
raised by Mr. de Barri Crawshay. The ground
colour is primrose-yellow, while the markings Odonloglossum harvengtense Crawshayanum.
are also characteristic of triumphans, especially
luteopurpureum), it produces richly blotched
the large blotch on the labellum. percentage of crispum
flowers, the large
Although the varietal name aureum has ensuring" fairly round shape. By adding
been applied to varieties in which some of Harryanum to Vuylstekei we obtain Vuyl-
the characteristic blotching is absent, thus vigour and
stekese, an improvement both in
exposing a larger area of dull-yellow ground Vulturia (Vuylstekea;
coloration. In x
colour, there is quite another meaning to this
triumphans) we have a very handsome flower
descriptive term, and one which must always
of chestnut-red colour, with bright golden-
be remembered. It is to be found in yellow tips to the segments, and of which an
triumphans aureum, a rare variety with the
excellent example received a First-class
ground colour of honey-yellow
which on Manchester Orchid Society,
Certificate,
deeper yellow blotches are superimposed. In
May 13th, 191 5, when exhibited by Mr. Philip
the one form of aureum the blotching, without
Smith, of Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey.
any change in itself, is merely reduced m Amongst the primary hybrids of triumphans
area form the whole of the
in the other
;
that have turned out successfully are Queen
blotching remains, but is changed from the Harryanum), the
iVlexandra (triumphans x
normal brown into a deep yellow tint, which outstanding feature of which is the immense
appears indistinctly on the honey-yellow labellum with its bold blotching and rich
ground, and produces to all intents and coloration, and Leao (triumphans x Hallii), in
purposes an albino or xanthic variety of the which the two yellow grounds have made a
species. In 1914 Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie brightly coloured flower. Quite a large
flowered a xanthic variety of O. Jorisianum
number of hybrids have been recorded in
(triumphans x luteopurpureum), a most inter- which triumphans, crispum, Pescatorei and
esting result obtained by him through the use Harryanum are included m the parentage. Of
of yellow varieties of these two well-known these mention may be made of Wiganianum
species, and fully described in the ORCHID (Rolfeas x harvengtense), Tristan (triumphans
World, Vol. IV., p. 199. X crispo-Harryanum), Catherine (harveng-
Of the garden raised hybrids of triumphans tense X eximium), Telemachus (excellens x
probably Vuylstekei is the best known. The harvengtense) and Queen of Gatton
result of crossing harvengtense (crispum x (triumphans percultum), which an
x of
triumphans) and Wilckeanum (crispum x illustration appears on page 158.
234 THK ORCHID \V(JRLD. [July, 1915.

Concerning Odontiodas of the future it is

rather difficult to say much, so great are the
surprises Hkely to be. The trend of recent
events, ho\ve\er, shows that there is a
promising future for those of yellow ground.
Enthusiasts of this welcome section of cool-
house Orchids would place a verv high value
upon a golden-yellow flower symmetrically
marked with red or scarlet blotches, and
although this description may appear some-
what startling, there is little doubt that the
production of such a glorious flower is by no
Dendrobium crassinode.

means impossible.
Odontoglossum triumphans will probabl)'
Manchester Notes. H. — Mr. E.
pro\ e the most suitable base upon which all
Davidson, of Twyford, beenBerks, has
such flowers can be produced, for in it we have
elected a Vice-president of the Manchester
a yellow ground, which could no doubt be
Orchid Society. Mr. W. W. Field, who has
considerably brightened, and a fairly regular
recently commenced duties as Orchid grower
system of blotching. Perhaps the greatest
to ^Ir. S. Gratrix, of Whalley Range, was
difficult)' will be encountered in obtaining
previously in the employ of "Sirs. Bateman,
blotches of sufficient bnlliancy, for the yellow
Manor House, Morley, and Mr. Robert Clay,
ground upon which they w'ould be placed
of Northenden. The Manchester Orchid
invariably has a dulling effect. Evidence of
Society has exactly 100 Members.
this is to be seen in Wilckeanum, and other
hybrids having a yellow ground, which
causes the blotching to assume a brownish CiRRHOPETALUM ROBUSTUM. — An excel-
appearance. lent specimen of this truly remarkable and
Among the most recently produced Odon- very rare species was exhibited by Sir
tiodas are a few with yellow-tinted ground. Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey,
These appeared in Joan (Oda. Charlesworthii at the recent Chelsea Show. A native of New
X Od. ardentissimum) and ]\fadeline (Oda. Guinea, from whence many good novelties
Charlesworthii x Od. crispum), Oda. Charles- have come, this plant was first discovered in
worthii being O. Harryanum x C. Noezliana. 1890, and flowered some three years later in
In these the yellow is partly from
derived the collection of Col. Trevor Clarke, of Welton
Harryanum, which generally shows a creamy- Place, Daventry. On Jul}' nth, 1895, it was
white tint on the back of the flower, and more exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society
especially from the Cochlioda Noezliana, the by ^Messrs. Veitch, when it was awarded a
inner and invisible part of which contains a First-class Certificate, a high honour indeed
considerable amount of yellow material. If for a Cirrhopetalum. The chief points of
some of these yellow-tinted varieties are mated interest are the robust nature of the plant, for
with suitable hybrids containing triumphans it is certainly the largest species of the genus
there will surely be a fair number of distinct in cultivation, and the handsome flowers of
and beautiful flowers amongst the progeny^ greenish-yellow colour tinged with purplish-
At the recent Chelsea .Show a First-class red in the centre ; the fleshy lip is deep
Certificate was awarded to Oda. Colmania?, a red-purple, and the column dull yellow. A
beautiful flower of golden-yellow colour, curious feature is absence of
the entire
blotched with chestnut-red, and raised from marginal hairs or appendages on the sepals
Oda. Bradshawis and an Odontoglossum and petals. For kind permission to reproduce
hybrid probably containing triumphans. It the accompanying illustration we are indebted
proved a welcome novelty. to the Editor of the Gardeners' C hronicle.
236 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

Odontoglossum Lambeauu num " Harry Qoodson.

^_

Queen Alexandra
ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT PUTNEY. First-class Certificate ;

(triumphans x Harryanum) ; the distinct Ceres

THE new
collection
additions to the Fairlawn
have necessitated the use
(Rossii X Rolfeas),
crispum).
and George Day (Rossii
The accompanying illustration
x
is

of a lean-to house, fully 100 feet in of Lambeauianum " Harry Goodson," a

Odontoglossums
length, for the cultivation of beautiful and distinct variety obtained by
and other cool-house Orchids. Years ago it crossing Rolfeas (Harryanum x Pescatorei)
vv'as barely possible to successfully cultivate and crispum ; it is therefore composed of the
Odontoglossums in localities subject to winter three species that have proved most useful in

fogs, but experience has taught us much in the making Odontoglossums.

of hybrid
the way of overcoming these difficulties, and Several thousand good plants of O. crispum
no better example can be seen than Mr. H. S. are also cultivated, and amongst the large
Goodson's collection at We?t Hill, Putney, number in bloom are many with a dozen
where a truly remarkable lot of plants are ffowers on a spike, which proves that there is

growing within five miles of Charing Cross. little amiss with the practical part. Mr. Geo.
Among the hybrid Odontoglossums that Day certainly achieves considerable success
have recently been in flower are ardentissimum in cultivating so many plants withm a few^
" Herbert Goodson," a flower of excellent miles of Charing Cross. Mention may also
shape, the stock of which now consists of six be made of nine vigorous plants of the rare
strong plants a strong plant of Wilckeanum,
; Oncidium Leopoldianum, a Peruvian species
with a spike of 1 5 large flowers ; the yellow by Mr. Kromer, and sent home alcn^
collected
hellemense ; and distinct variety
a very pretty with Anguloa uniflora and Cattleya Pi.c;:.
of Wiganianum the rare Goodsonii (Uro-
; Odontiodas are well represented, and iiiclude
Skinneri x Pescatorei), which obtained a several very special varieties.
 :

July, 191 5.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 237

MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY prize of One Guinea to the gardener

exhibiting the greatest number of groups
Competitions for 1915-16.
during the session.

J. J. Bolton's Gold Medal.— To be Z. A. Ward's Siia'er TROPHY.^For

awarded to the amateur who gains the highest Odontoglossums, to include species, varieties
number of points for Cypripediums during and hybrids. A prize of Two Guineas will
the session. A Silver-gilt Medal will be given be awarded to the gardener of the winner.
as a Second Prize. A prize of One Gumea Society's Prizes. -The Society offers a
(in each case) will be given to the gardener Gold Medal, Silver-gilt Medal and Silver
of the winners. Medal for the amateur who (not engaged in
Royal Botanic Society's Gold Medal. other competitions) gains respectively the
— To be awarded to the amateur who gains highest, second and highest thirrl highest
the highest number of points for Odontiodas, number of points from June 3rd, IQ15, to
Oncidiodas, and Miltonias, of the vexillana April 27th, igiO. Similar awards,
under
and Roezlii section. similar conditions, will be made to amateurs
Charlesworth's Objet d'Art. To be — who grow Orchids without the aid of a
awarded to the amateur who gains the most gardener, a minimum of 50 points to qualify
points during the session for New Awards, for theGold Medal. The usual Medals will
i.e., plants that have not been previously be awarded for occasional groups where not
certificated by the Society. A Prize of One engaged in other competitions.
Guinea will be presented to the gardener of
the winner.
Cypher's Gold Medal. — To be awarded ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
to the amateur gains the most points
who
during the session for groups, extra points SOCIETY.
being awarded for general excellence and June 8th, 191 5.
arrangement. A prize of One Guinea will be Members of the Orchid Committee present
awarded to the gardener of the winner. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair). Sir
A. Hanmer's Silver Cup. To be — J.
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch,
awarded to the amateur who gains the highest Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), Gurney
number of points during the session for
Wilson, F. Sander, W. Bolton, R. G. Thwaites,
groups and individual plants. A prize of Two F. Menteith Ogilvie, J. Charlesworth, Stuart
Guineas will be given to the gardener of the Low, Pantia Ralli, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong,
winner. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, W. P. Bound, R.
The Hassall Silver Cup. To be — J.
Rolfe, A. Dye and C. H. Curtis.
awarded to the amateur who gains the highest
number of points for Cattleyas, Laelias, First-class Certificates.
Brasso-Cattleyas and Laelias, Sophro- Cypripedium Curtisii Sanderae, from
Cattleyas and Laelias, during the session. Messrs. Sander and Sons. —An elegant and
Any plant with Cattleya or Laclia as a parent most interesting albino variety of the species,
willbe eligible in this competition. Two and making a companion to insigne Sanderae
Guineas will be given to the gardener of the and callosum Sanderae. The large flower is
winner. entirely of light green colour slightly tinged
Oakshott's Prizes. —A first prize of with yellow, and is in every way a most
Three Guineas, second prize of Two Guineas, welcome addition to the genus. It appeared
and third prize of One Guinea to the gardener in a consignment of C. Curtisii imported some
gaining the most points in Cultural Certificates three years ago.
during the session. Odontoglossum Princess Mary, from J.
P. Smith's Prizes. —A first prize of Three Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury.
Guineas, second prize of Two Guineas, third — A very fine hybrid of unrecorded parentage.
23S THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915-

carrying a spike of 17 large flowers of excel- Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans,
lent shape and witli reddish blotches on all obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an inter-
the segments. This plant was exhibited at esting group, in which L.-C. Fascinator var.
the Chelsea Show, when by a misunder- Sylph, the new
Roger Sander and
L.-C.
standing it received an Award of Merit. Cattleya R. Prowe
were very attractive.
Odontoglossum Menier var. St. Vincent Coryanthes macrantha, with its remarkably
(gandavense x amabile), from J. Gurney constructed flower, and numerous species of
Fowler, Esq. — A beautiful flower in which the botanical interest were also included.
ground colour is rose, while the inner parts of Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
the segments are heavily blotched with Heath, secured a Silver Flora Medal for a
reddish-purple. small group of choice plants, including the
handsome Miltonia Charlesworthii, the pretty
Award of Merit. M. vexillaria Lyoth, a well-flowered plant of
Masdevallia Courtauldiana, a handsome
Odontoglossum crispum Perfect Gem, from
variety of L.-C. Fascinator and several good
Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone.
Odontoglossums.
— The spike carried numerous flowers of
Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham,
J.
excellent shape, the segments blotched with
secured a Flora Medal for a neat group
.Silver
light purple.
in which were many interesting species and
hybrids. Mention may be made of Masde-
Other Exhibits.
vallia Bocking hybrid, the curious Bulbo-
.Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, phyllum barbigerum, L.-C. Lycidas, with a
Surrey, exhibited Odontoglossum crispum spike of nine rose-pink flowers and several
Queen of Gatton, a handsome variety with a promising Odontoglossum hybrids.
spike of eight flowers O. eximium, richly
; Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
blotched ; and an unnamed Odontoglossum were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an
of bright purple colour. exhibit containing the beautiful L.-C. Helius,
Gurney Fowler, Esq., received a Silver
J.
fine examples of Cattleya Mossiae, Odontiodas
Flora Medal for a group of choice plants, Charlesworthii, Lutetia and Lambeauiana, a
among them being several elegant varieties of choice va>-iety of Od. crispum and Miltonia
C. Mossiae, that known as Sea Foam being vexillaria.
very beautiful, the thick white sepals and Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
petals of good shape, the wide labellum obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for an
having slight purple veining ; C. M. Venice, exhibit of excellent varieties of Cattleya
very dark, and C. M. Victoria (A.M., Mossia? and Mendelii, the sweetly-scented
June 13th, 1899). Odontoglossum crispum Epidendrum lonosmum, the rare Vanda
Sea Gull, a magnificent variety of thick Parishii, Chysis numerous
.Sedenii, with
texture, and the rare Eulophiella Peetersiana flowers, the bright Oncidium Gardneri, and
were also shown. Cattleya Mendelii var. Princess Alary, a
Wm. Thompson, Walton Grange,
Esq., charming flower.
Stone, received a .Silver Flora Medal for a Messrs. Flory and Black, .Slough,
group of splendidly grown Odontoglossums exhibited Cattleya Mossiae Wageneri, with
and Odontiodas, nearly every one being a fine upstanding petals and the labellum
specimen plant raised Od.
in the collection. distinctly marked with yellow ; the new L.-C.
.Sceptrum aureum and an Odontoglossum Domallas and L.-C. Apricosa, as well as
hybrid of distinct bluish tinge were note- good varieties of Disa Luna and a fine form
worthy plants. of Cattleya Dusseldorfei LIndine.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, Messrs. Hassall and Co., Soutligate, were
exhibited a group of 16 plants of Cattleya awarded a Silver Banksian Aledal for an
Mossia? Wageneri, raised in his collection. exhibit containing the elegant Dendrobium
 :

July, 1915-] THK ORCHID WORIJ). 239

acuminatum, a distinct variety of Cattleya sha])e ; Red Monarch, while ground heavily
Mossiae Wageneri, C. M. vestalis, with a blotched with reddish-puri)k' ;
Lorr;iinc, with
briglitly-coloured lip, and several good red blotches ;
.Souche/., of rich coloration ;

Odontoglossum hybrids. and Dorothy Arkle, a fine cxam])le with a

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, niany-flowercd s])ike. The elegant Dendro-
showed two varieties of Odontioda Joan, one Imuiii Schiit/.ei was also shown in fine
with a spike of 14 richly-coloured flowers, and condition, the large white flowers having a
Odontoglossum crispum Ernestii. greenish blotch at the base of the lip.

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill
Wells, exhibited Miltonia Charlesworthii, a I-'ark, awarded a Silver
were Banksian
well-cultivated plant with four spikes of large Medal an interesting group containing
for
flowers. Saccolabium Blumei, the curious Seleni-
pedium caudatum, Phalaenopsis amabilis,
I?.enanthera Imschootiana, with several
June 22nd, 191 5.
splendidly grown spikes of red flowers,

Members of the Orchid Committee present Oncidium pulvinatum, and Cattleya Whitei,
Sir Harr\' J. Veitch (in the chair). Sir of rich rose-purple coloration.

Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. J. Gurney Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,
Fowler, Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), Gurney Surrey, exhibited Cattleya Mendelii " Lady
Wilson, Pantia Ralli, T. Armstrong, R. A. Colman," a pure white flower with light

Rolfe, W. Cobb, F. Menteith Ogilvie, lavender colour on the hp the new ;

Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, A. Dye, Epidendrum fragrocarpum (fragrans x

J.
S. W. Flory, W
Bolton, R. Brooman- White, prismatocarpum), with erect spikes of

C. J. Lucas and J. Wilson Potter. greenish-yellow flowers ; L.-C. Canhamiana

alba Odontioda Margaret (Bradshawias x
;

ardentissimum) and several attractive

;

Awards of Merit. varieties of Odontioda Papilio, the best

Odontioda Red Cross (Oda. Cooksonias x
Odm. ardentissimum), from J. Gurney Fowler,
Esq., Pembury. A very pleasing hybrid,
with an erect spike of reddish flowers, the
having scarlet-red blotches and a prominent
}ellow crest on the labellum.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., showed Odonto-
glossum Ceres, with a spike of three whitish
flowers, the petals heavily spotted with red ;

petals very round, the hp light rose, marked Cattleya Mossiae Wageneri, of good shape ;

with scarlet. C. Mendelii albens, of light rose tint with

Laelio-Cattleya Canhamiana " Fowler's whitish lip ; and Brasso-Cattleya Princess
var." (L. purpurata x C. Mossiae), from J. Elizabeth, a very large flower of rosy-mauve
Gurney Fowler, Esq. A
grand variety, with colour.
the labellum well developed and of rich R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington,
purple colour. This hybrid was originally Streatham Hill, exhibited a selection of
raised thirty years ago, and the present Cattleya Mossiae Wageneri, raised true from
example shows that improvement is still seed ; various examples of Laelio-Cattleya
possible when carefully selected parents are Cowanii, and L.-C. Canhamiana " Lady
used. Wigan," with two spikes, one of which
showed an unusual amount of rose-purple
Other Exhibits. suffusion in all the segments.
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, ex-
Wm. Thompson, Walton Grange,
Esq., hibited Laelio-Cattleya Gottoiana Imperator,
Stone, was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal a vigorous plant with a spike of five large
for a group of well-grown Odontoglossums flowers, the broad petals and other segments
including crispum Palatine, of excellent suffused with rose.
 ;

240 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1915.

MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham,

and Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans
May 13th, 191 5. and a Special Vote of Thanks to O. O.
Members of the Committee present : Rev. Wrigley, Esq., Bury.
J. Crombleholme
(in the chair), Messrs. J. C.

Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. First-class Certificates.

Hartley, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod,
F. K. Sander, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Cattleya
Mossias Wageneri " Ashlands
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). \ and Miltonia Hyeana " Ashlands var.,"
ar."

Silver Medals were granted to R. Ashworth, both from R. Ashworth, Esq.

Esq., Newchurch, and Wm. Thompson, Esq., Cattleya Mossia; alba " Mrs. R. le Doux,"
Walton Grange. Other exhibitors included from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn O. O.; Cattleya Warneri alba "A. C. Madoux,"
Wrigley, Esq., Bury ; A. J. Oakshott, Esq., from Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.
Bidston Hy. Bell, Esq., Garstang Messrs.
;
;

A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford and Mr. ; Awards of Merit.

W. Shackleton, Bradford.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum " Scipio,"
First-class Certificates. Cattleya Mendelii King " Albert," L.-C.
Fascinator " Mermaid," and
Cowanii L.-C.
Odontoglossum Vulturia (Vuylstekeae x " Ashlands var.," all from R. Ashworth, Esq.

triumphans), of good shape, golden-yellow, Cattleya Mossias Reineckiana " Marlfield

heavily blotched with chestnut-red, from P. var." and C.-M. " Magali Sander," from Mrs.
Smith, Esq. R. le Doux.
Odontoglossum polyxanthum " Walton " "
Cattleya Mendelii and S.-C.
Fascination
Grange var." and O. Hermione, from W. Thwaitesii Brook var.," both from
" Jarvis
Thompson, Esq. Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.
La;lio-Cattleya Fascinator-Mossia; var. Maxillaria Sanderiana, from Messrs. A. J.
Imogene and Odontoglossum Capt. Turner, Keeling and Sons.
from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P. Odontoglossum crispum Irene, from Mr. W.
Miltonia Princess Victoria " Garstang var.," Shackleton.
from Henry Bell, Esq.
Cultural Certificate
Cultural Certificate
To Mr. W. W. Field, gr. to S. Gratrix,
To Mr. Findlow, gr. to A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Esq., for a fine example of Dendrobium
for a plant of Odontioda Bradshawias, with a thrysiflorum.
spike of 78 fully expanded flowers.
Holland House Show. — This Exhibition
will be held July 6th, ;th and 8th, 191 5.
June 3rd, 1915. Group judging commences at 10 a.m., the
Members of the Committee present R. :
Orchid Committee will meet at 10.30 a.m.,
Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. J. C. the Show opens at 12 noon, and at i p.m. the
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. Council will entertain the Committees and
Hanmer, A. R. Handley, Dr. Hartley, J. other invited Guests at Luncheon. The
Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, Coronation Challenge Cup will be awarded
H. Thorjj and H. Arthur (Secretary). by the Council to what in their opinion is
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. the most meritorious exhibit in the Show
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and Col. J. (excluding the winners of either of the two
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. Silver Medals previous years).
 THE
ORCHID WORLD
AUGUST. 1915.

NOTES
Inheritance of Irregular Peloria. — Borde Hill, Cuckfield, where, suspended from
Mr. Wm. Bolton, of Warrington, sends an the roof of an intermediate house, it allows its

Cypripedium hybrid
interesting flower of a wonderfully constructed and richly-coloured
between insigne Oddity and Watsonianum flowers to be viewed in perfection.
(concolor x Harrisianum). The former parent
IJE
is a well-known example of irregular peloria ;

in other words, the lateral petals are

produced in the
always
form of two additional lips,
Angr^cum ARMENIACUM. — For about
twelve years Mr. Jas. Hudson, V.M.H., has
thus making three in all. In the above-
been taking care of an inconspicuous Orchid,
mentioned hybrid this singularity is inherited
which was sent to the Royal Horticultural
in almost similar style, the only apparent
Society at a time when they were vacating
difference being a wider space between the
the Chiswick garden. It has now flowered
lips, or pouches, as they are sometimes called;
and proves be Angr£ecum armeniacum,
to
in insigne Oddity the lateral lips clasp the
originally described by Lmdley in 1839 from
median one. It would be of interest to know
a plant obtained by Messrs. Loddiges from
how many other seedlings from this pod
Sierra Leone. The flowers are of a uniform
exhibit the same peculiarity.
apricot colour and closely arranged in
horizontal lateral spikes. The spur is twice
as long as the calyx, compressed at the base,

StanHOPEA TIGRINA. — This Mexican and then inflated a little so as to appear

species, one of the best of a most remarkable clavate. Mr. Hudson has now despatched the

genus, produces large fleshy flowers, often plant to Wisley, where it will be included in

measuring 8 inches across, of yellowish colour, the Society's present collection of Orchids.

the sepals longitudinally barred and blotched

with sanguineous purple, the petals dark vinous
red, except the apical area which is light Ccelogyne asperata. — M. Joseph Ginot,
yellow. The months of July and August St. Etienne, France, sends a many-flowered
usually see it at its best, and the extraordinary spike of this elegant species, a native of
manner in which the flowers are produced in Borneo and Sumatra, where it grows at an
pendulous fashion from the base of the plant elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 feet. A remarkable
rarely fails to attract attention. Although fact in connection with this plant is that it is

Stanhopeas are not cultivated as much as they to befound growing in the volcanic sand near
formerly were, or, indeed, as frequently as the town of Fort-de-Cock, Sumatra. The
they deserve, now and again a good example large flowers are pale creamy-yellow, the
is be found growing in all its splendour.
to median lobe of the labellum having a rough
It has recently been our pleasure to see a surface, from which the specific name is
vigorous specimen in the well-known collec- derived, while the side lobes are lined with
tion of Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, C.B., brown on their inner portion. An illustration

VOL. V. 31
242 THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1915-

will be found in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. I., pollen of insigne Godseffianum (an albino
p. 220. C(Elogyne burfordiensis (asperata x form). The first seedling flowered in

pandurata) is figured in Vol. IV., p. 197. December, 1913. Those produced by the
use of the variety Godseffianum are entirely
i$ U ^ different, having longer stalks and being of a
more yellowish-green. M. Ginot also informs
Moscow Orchid Society. — We hear us that last year he flowered Cyp. Krishna var.
from Dr. J. Troyanowsky that the Moscow Ginoti, an albino variety raised by him
Orchid Society, of which lie is the worthy through the use of a distinct form of tonsum
president, continues to hold its meetings and and insigne Sanderianum.
to sustain a keen interest among its members,
iM U U
who are ever ready to exhibit their special
plants and discuss Orchid matters. No Staging. — As several paragraphs on
the subject of staging have appeared in
U recent issues it may not be inappropriate to
insert an additional one under the title No
Cypripedium cenanthum Ginoti. — This Staging. When the writer, some years ago,
beautiful albino hybrid, the result of crossing visited the immense nursery of Messrs. T.
Harrisianum albens and insigne Sanderianum, Rochford, of Broxbourne, he was in no small
has been raised by M. Jos. Ginot, St. Etienne, measure surprised to find a large span-roof
France, who kindly sends a flower for our house filled with a multitude of Cattleyas,
inspection. In colour it is yellowish-green, everyone suspended from the roof, which,
the petals obscurely lined with light green, needless to say, was strongly constructed.
while the dorsal sepal has the basal half This method allowed each plant to receive its
distinctly veined with emerald-green, and the full share of light, and to be thoroughly well

upper portion pure white. The tufts of hairs ripened at the of the growing
conclusion
on the base of the petals and those around season. The walked beneath his
cultivator
the column are entirely devoid of colour. plants, and not in between them as is
Even insigne Sanderianum has had its effect, generally the case, consequently the whole of
for there are no small spots of colour on the the roof area was available there was no loss;

central part of the flower, as is usual when of space occasioned by pathways. Ingenious
insigne Sanderje is used. Harrisianum is a as this principle appears, it had certain
cross between barbatum and villosum, but drawbacks of a detrimental character, for
there appears some uncertainty as to the there was the heavy work entailed in watering,
origin of the albino variety. Some twenty as well as the difficulty experienced in
years ago a light greenish variety, which periodically examining the new growths.
appeared in more than one collection, was This house reminded one of a huge vinery,
recorded as Harrisianum virescens, and in later though choice flowers took the place of luscious
years the variety albens was often met with ;
grapes. I understand that Messrs. Stuart
in both cases all trace of the purple-brown Low and Co., of Jarvisbrook, achieve much
colour had disappeared. In 1899, Mr. R. H. success with their Dendrobiums, which are
Measures, of Streatham, published a list of all suspended from the roof in a house where no
his Cypripediums, in which mention is made staging is used. This seems to me quite a
of 41 varieties of Harrisianum, these including reasonable method, for when long bulbed
both albens and virescens, as well as The plants are cultivated in the small pans so
Albino, the latter stated to have been named necessary to ensure healthy growths it is
by the late Trevor Lawrence. M. Ginot
.Sir almost impossible to arrange them with any
states that he fertilised the Harrisianum degree of security on the ordinary staging ;

albens on November 7th, 1908, and in more especially will this be experienced when
addition to insigne Sanderianum used the the plants are in flower and considerably
Auf^iisl, 1915.] THK ORCHID WORIJ). 243

crispum Pescatorei
top-heavy. While I in no way wish to
advocate the entire removal of staging, there
are rare occasions when its use cannot be ardeiitissimuin C. Nd'/.liana

recommended. — T. W.
Cooksonife
Oclm. ardentissimum is generally considered
of superior merit to either crispum or
Pescatorei, its two parents, the chief point
being an improvement in the shape of the
segments, consequently when Oda. Cooksonia;
appeared with its broad petals expectations
were realised without much astonishment.
So far, two species of Odontoglossum and
one of Cochlioda had been used with excellent
results. The next step of the hybridist was
to produce improved varieties, or, in other
words, to so blend these three species in a
manner that would yield flowers of either
richer colour or of larger size.
By the above plan it will be seen that
Cooksonis can be mated with either crispum,
Pescatorei, ardentissimum, or C. Noezliana.
The first has been named Vivienne (Odin,
crispum x Oda. Cooksonia?), the last is
recorded as Chantecleer (C. Noezliana x Odm.
Cooksoniae), while Oda. Red Cross (Odm.
ardentissimum x Oda. Cooksoniae) was
exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler at the

Odontioda Chanlecleer, Orchidhurst var. R.H.S., June 22nd, 191 5, when it obtained an
Award of Merit.

ODONTIODA CHANTECLEER.
The appearance of the first Odontioda
evoked considerable speculation as to the
amount of variation that would arise through
the use of Cochlioda Noezliana. The number
of Odontiodas, both in kind and quantity, has
exceeded all expectations, and notwith-
standing the many already recorded there
appears to be an endless array awaiting their
turn to sustain the continuous flow of
novelties in this attractive section. Our
illustration shows the Orchidhurst variety
of O. Chantecleer (0dm. Cooksoniae x C.
Noezliana), which received a First-class
Certificate when exhibited by Messrs.
Armstrong and Brown at the Chelsea Show,
191 3. The block is reproduced from the
R.H.S. Journal.
Odontioda Cooksonia, Fowler's variety.
 THE ORCHID WORLD. fAiig^ust, 191

Odontoglossum Georgius Rex.

Odontoglossum Georgius Rex. This — Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., at the recent
remarkable Odontoglossum hybrid, unfortu- Holland House Show. Originally imported
nately of unknown parentage, was originally from Singapore by Messrs. Loddiges as far
exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. back as 1840 it was described by Lindley two
at the Chelsea Show, 191 3, when it received years later. The outer surfaces of the sepals
an Award of Merit. Since then the plant has and petals are covered with white wool,
considerably increased in size, the largest bulb giving it the appearance of a cloth-like
measuring 65 inches in circumference, while garment, from which the specific name is
the broadest leaf 3} inches in width. The
is derived the mner surfaces, which are smooth,
;

elegant branching spike carried no less than are of different shades of golden-brown the ;

28 flowers, each about 4^ inches across, the lip is dark brown, the edges being paler the ;

rich claret-purple blotching showing effec- column is green, and the foot tinged with
tivelyon the whitish ground. When exhibited orange.
by the present owner, Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, ^ ^ &
at the recent Holland House Show, it received
a First-class Certificate and a Lindley Medal
Anguloa —
RolFEI. The appearance of
this natural hybrid between Ruckeri and
for culture.
Cliftoni is not unexpected, for in a consign-
|i ?j U ment of Anguloas collected by Mr. Kromer
and sent home as Ruckeri a plant of Cliftoni
Eria PANNEA. — This singular species was appeared, thus proving their existence in the
included in the Gold Medal group staged by same locality.
VOL. V 32
THE ORCHID WORLD [Aug'ust, igi
 —

1111-; ORClIll) WOULD. 247

A NEW LIST OF ORCHID found, thus saving valuable tunc <iiid much
annoyance.
HYBRIDS. For botanical [)urposcs a strictly scientific
nomenclature is no doubt advisable, and
EUROPEAN alTairs have (.1 late caused certain international rules have been adopted
many an atlas or map to be consulted at various quinquennial congresses; but in the
in order to find some name made majority of no desire to
gardens there is

famous by an episode of war. How often are tlepart from the practice of keeping plants
we all in error when attempting to pronounce under their popular and commercial names.
the names of various places on the eastern Consequently, Messrs. Sander and Sons, in
side of this y'reat conflict. Not unfrequently publishing a work intended solely for the use
it is of practical growers, have wisely maintained
"A name which \ou all know by sii^'hl very well, the names under which certain hybrids are
But which no one can speak antl no one can universally known. For example, the hybrid
spell."
between L. tenebrosa and C. aurea is recorded
Fortunately, the majority of names applied to under the well-known name lummosa, instead
Orchids are not very difficult to pronounce ; of the unrecognised Truffautiana Odonto- ;

the word Przemysl has not as yet been glossum crispum x Pescatorei appears under
attached to any special production of the the name ardentissimum, m place of the little
hybridist, and we sincerely trust that names used armainvillierense and the hybrid ;

of easier spelling may be used instead, for between C. Mossiae and gigas is recorded as
" Thrice happy he whose name has been well Enid, and not under the earlier name Adonis.
spelt." In order to make the work as complete as
The need of a reliable reference book to possible all these early and little-known
the names and parentages of Orchid hybrids names are included as synonyms, in each case
has long been felt, for the various bigeneric with a reference to the names under which
crosses and the multiplicity of names are a their parentage is given.
source of continuous perplexity and annoyance When the name of a plant has been
to almost every amateur. On this account we established for some considerable time, as,

have pleasure in announcing that Messrs. indeed, have luminosa, ardentissimum and
Sander and Sons have published an entirely Enid, nothing appears to be gained by raking
new issue of their " List of Hybrid Orchids," up a slightly earlier record of the same cross
containing the names and parentages of all under a different name, especially when that
the known hybrid Orchids whether intro- name has never received general adoption.
duced or artificially raised. The late Dr. M. T. Masters, when referring to
This important and indispensable work this subject some years ago at a meeting of
consists of two sections the first, termed
: the Ro}'al Horticultural Society's Scientific
Table I., gives, in the first column, the names Committee, remarked Another of the many
:
"

of all the hybrids in alphabetical order ; in difficulties IS that arising from the changes
the second, their parentage or synony ms ; and which botanists, with good or bad reason,
in the third column, the names of the raisers make. Ought these changes to be followed
of all recent productions. Table II. records by gardeners or should they ignore them ?
the parents, whether species or hybrids, When followed partially endless confusion
alphabetically arranged, of all the hybrids m arises, as it is not practicable, so far as we can
I able each parent thus occurring twice. At
I., see, to enforce universal compliance, and so
a glance, therefore, can be ascertained the the same plant in one garden bears one name,
name of any known hybrid from any parent. while m another it is called something else.
1 his is of the utmost importance in a book of Should gardeners attempt to follow the
reference, which should be so compiled that changes in botanical science or the fluctua-
what is sought for may be easily and quickly tions of individual opinion they might be
248 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Auj,vust, 1915.

altering their names every month in the year. Belgium, while during recent years some very
For purely commercial purposes, then, promising results have been achieved m the
garden names once established should not be United States, from which country many
suddenly altered." meritorious additions will doubtless be
An additional point of interest is the means obtained.
by which \'arious varieties of the same hybrid The work brought up to as recent a date
is

have been produced. Turning to Cypripedium as July 15th, 1915, and additional blank pages

Helen II. we find the parentage given as are interleaved to enable subsequent hybrids
bellatulum x insigne, while in the Westonbirt to be recorded m their respective sections, as

variety of the same insigne Harefield Hall was they occur from time to time, with any
used, and in the Oakwood variety insigne descriptive notes that it may be deemed
SanderjE. All these details cannot fail to be advisal:)le to add for future reference. The
of utility to amateurs who desire to raise any whole work is well and strongly bound in
particular cross in their own collection. Some half-roan, and published at one guinea, a very
idea of the extent to which hybridisation has moderate sum for so abundant a supply of
been carried may be obtained from a work of reliable and most useful information. As a
this kind. Cattleyas number more than 400, guide and reference it has no equal, and to
Laelio-Cattleyasover 900, Odontoglossums every amateur and grower of Orchids it will
about 500, and Cypripediums over 2,000. prove an absolute necessity.
That such a book of reference is devoted
to the work accomplished by the hybridist in
one single family of plants shows the
enormous amount of time and energy that ORCHIDS IN CALIFORNIA.
has been devoted to the subject. What would
the pioneers of half a century ago have
thought of such results? The whole Orchid
OUR reproduced photograph shows a
house of Cattleya Mossias in Mr. J. A.
world has been revolutionised and astounding Carbone's establishment at Berkeley,
results have been obtained. Hybrids that California, U.S.A., where Orchids are largely
were considered specially valuable in the cultivated for cut-flower purposes. At the
eighty's and ninety's, and which would now time when the photograph was taken no less
be unworthy of inclusion in many collections, than 5,000 flowers were open, many being
have been replaced by infinitely better produced three and four on a spike and
Orchids. Notwithstanding the many good measuring from 8 to 9 inches across. In
results already obtained we feel certain that the middle of the house are two splendid
progress will continue, while in many specimens, one with 1 74 flowers and the other

instances even better types will be produced.
The numbers of seedlings now growing
various establishments as well as in private
gardens are legion. Many will he the
disappointments and reversions to types of
small value and little beauty, but if only a
small percentage are improvements the
aggregate of these will surely continue to
make our exhibitions and meetings of the
greatest interest to all lovers of Orchids.
Aperusal of this volume shows that the
subject of Orchid breeding is an international
one. Certainly our own country stands out
pre-eminently in this respect, and numerous
hybrids have been raised in France and
with 202, all which were open at the same
of
in the time and thus making a truly gorgeous
display. These plants, which began to flower
during the latter part of March, supplied the
florists of San Francisco with all the Cattleyas
needed for their Easter requirements, and
during the following six weeks there was a
sufficient supply to meet the demands of
customers along the whole of the Pacific
Coast. This illustration helps to show how
the cultivation of Orchids has spread into
practically every civilised country of the
world, and how much these beautiful and
noble flowers are appreciated by florists, as
well as amateurs, both great and small.
VOL. V. 33
 thf: orchid world. [Aug-ust, 1915.

Odontoglossum crispum The Baroness.

Odontoglossum crispum The these must occur allthe more frequently when
Baroness. —That the majority of blotched certain species grow intermixed, as they
crispums are beautiful flowers no one will sometimes do. Of species with blotched
deny, but exactly what means the
by flowers likely to create hybrids of the kind
blotching has been produced is not an easy illustrated above, there are triumphans,
point to decide. When several species grow luteopurpureum and Hunnewellianum, all of
within a comparatively short distance of one which may be found growing with or near
another there are opportunities for the pollen crispum. O. crispum The Baroness represents
to be transferred from the one to the other, one of the finest varieties in this section, not
with the result that hybrids are produced, and only on account of the blotching being of
August, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD.

large extent and good colour but by reason but even this is considerably negatived if the

of the immense sizeand thick substance of house is shut up at night time, thereby
the flower. This elegant plant is in the rich producing a heavy dew on the i)lant. That
collection ofBaron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, plants can also be well-ripened by a free
Englefield Green, Surrey, and when exhibited circulation of air does not appear to be as
by him at the Royal Horticultural Society, generally recognised as it should be. Night
June 17th, 1913, it received an Award of ventilation is absolutely essential.
Merit. After a year's cultivation it had so A remarkable fact is the ready manner in
considerably improved that on May 5th, 191 5, which the plant responds to the different
it was awarded a First-class Certificate. Our treatment. As soon as the supply of water is
illustration is reproduced from the Society's diminished the plant endeavours to balance
painting. matters by producing numerous additional
roots, which are frequently seen round the
rim of the pot and even clinging to the
outside. This extra power of obtaining
DENDROBIUM NOTES. nutriment manifests itself in a rapid enlarge-
ment of the newly-made bulb. If the plant
MANY Dendrobiums have
completed their season's bulbs and
already remained in its former atmosphere but little
change would take place. This seems to show
require removing to a cooler that a dry and airy atmosphere induces the
and drier atmosphere, for if there is an plant to accumulate a large reserve of
unnecessary continuation of heat and moisture nutritive material, as if to make provision
the basal buds will in all probability break against an anticipated severe winter. The
forth into growth. The English summer is careful cultivator, however, never allows this
only long enough for the production of one reserve material to be thus expended, but
good bulb, and any growths subsequently preserves it until the flowering season arrives,
formed are never able to proceed more than when it is made use of with beneficial
a few inches before cold autumnal weather results.
permanently arrests their development. Hence After a few weeks' treatment the plants
it will be seen how much importance is will be sufficiently ripened to withstand the
attached to the prevention of secondary full glare of the sunand an abundance of
growth. Several stunted bulbs on what would fresh air. empty house or vinery,
In fact, an
otherwise be a handsome plant present an in which all the doors and ventilators are left
undesirable appearance, and, moreover, they open day and night, is most suitable. Towards
give evidence of inattention on the part of the the end of September the plants will require
cultivator. more protection and may then be replaced in
As soon as the new bulb shows sign of their former position or wherever they will be
completion, either by the apex being visible required when the flowering period arrives.
in the centre of the topmost leaves, or by the During the winter but little watering will be
foliage assuming a yellowish tint, some means required, only sufficient to prevent the bulbs
must at once be adopted to gradually bring from shrivelling. The object of withholding
the plant to a state of rest. Every few days a water is to maintain the plant in a condition
careful inspection will detect those plants of rest. Inexperienced amateurs are apt to
requiring different treatment, which mainly dry the plant to an excessive degree, resulting
consists of a drier and cooler atmosphere with in severe shrivelling, which is not only
considerable ventilation. It is of little use unnecessary but really retards the formation
removing individual plants to another house of vigorous flower buds sometimes there is
;

unless they really receive the necessary only sufficient moisture left to stimulate a few-
atmospheric change. Exposure to sunshine buds on the apical portion, a result that could
does much to bring about the desired results, never be considered satisfactory.
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1915.

ODONTIODA CEREUS. cultivator, is to be on the

congratulated
success he achieves. Apart from the usual
triumphans C. Noezliana Harryanum
nobile method of dividing the plant, Thunias may be
propagated b)- cutting up the old stems into
Odm, excelleus Oda. Charlcsworthii pieces about 6 inches long and inserting
them in a pot in similar style to geranium
Cereus cuttings.

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown send me During the past season Odontoglossum
hybrids have been unusuall}' fine in Mr. W'm.
three varieties of this cross, different vastly in
the markings, reacting from a mass of dots in Thompson's collection at Walton Grange.
one to being three-quarters covered in the We have received flowers of about twenty
brown markings, varieties, all of good size and richly coloured.
other extreme all of
;

somewhat, but not much reddened.
The ground colour has gone back to creamy-
white and yellow, form having reverted to
The
that of triumphans also. lips
The best is undoubtedU- amabile Thomp-
sonianum, which measures more than 4 inches
across, and is of rose ground colour with the
present sepals and petals heavily blotched with
tlie

by being pandurate,
characteristics of nobile
reddish-purple ; the extensive labellum bears

the columns varying between those of nobile

an immense solid blotch of crimson, the white
and triumphans. I hope the fine variety will apex and the marginal dots increasing its
come. attractiveness. Two others of outstanding
Speaking generally, the secondary crosses merit eximium Excelsior and the new
are

with Oda. Charlcsworthii are very disap- Odontioda Redwing.

pointing, only a few prove as yet to be worth
raising for themselves.
4s ^ 2^

de B. Crawshay, Roseficld, June 2gih, igiS-

Vaxda Parishii. — This species was
discovered in Moulmein in 1862 by the Rev.
C. S. Parish, but remained in obscurity until
FLOWERS IN SEASON. 1870 when was rediscovered and imported
it

by Messrs. Low and Co. It is a dwarf, stout

From Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, we have growing plant, producing a stiff and erect
received some excellent examples of Thunias, spike of greenish-yellow flowers spotted with
which grow with remarkable vigour in her reddish-brown, the lip having the front lobe
beautiful garden at Burford. A photograph, pale magenta narrowly margined with white.
giving an interior view of one of the Orchid In the variety ]\Iarriottiana, which first
houses, is also kindly sent, and proves what flowered in the collection of Sir W. H.
an attractive display can be made with these Marriott, Bart., there is a remarkable devia-
plants when well grown. The tall and erect tion from the type as regards colour, the
leafy stems carry numerous flowers, and sepals and petals being bronze-brown richly
continue to produce fresh ones during a suffused with magenta. The typical V.
considerable period. Among the varieties Parishii is particularly sweet scented, but it
cultivated is T. charming
candidissima, a has been stated that the flowers of the
species, first flowered by the late Sir Trevor previously' mentioned variety are not scented,
Lawrence, Bart., who found it on an imported which IS rather strange. This species is now
plant of Dendrobium Wardianum. The very rare in cultivation, which is much to be
nodding inflorescence consists of about six regretted, for it is distinct in many ways and
pure white flowers. T. Marshalhana alba is well worth)- of a place amongst warm-house
also a favourite in the Burford collection, the Orchids. Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., of
large pure white flowers having an orange- Bush Hill Park and Jarvisbrook, have recently
yellow throat. ]Mr. E. Swinden, the able flowered a good example of the type.
THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1915.
 —
Aiig-List, 1915-] Till' ORCHID WORLD. 255

ARACHNANTHE CATHCARTII. months of the year, but it is not an uncommon

occurrence for racemes to be produced

its

TO meet the exigencies of a progressive

science like Botany, a change in the
much later,

The species
and even in opposite seasons.
is dedicated to the memory of
nomenclature of certain plants is Mr. James F. Cathcart, of the Indian Civil
often unavoidable. Several causes may arise Service, an ardent amateur naturalist, and one
to necessitate such a change, for example of the earliest explorers of the rich flora of the
the genus to which a species is first referred eastern Himalaya. For materials for descrip-
may not have been clearly circumscribed, or tion and figuring we are indebted to Mr. C. J.
it may have been thrown into confusion by Lucas, of Warnham Court, Horsham.
the addition of species that do not conform to —
Cultural Note. Arachnanthe Cathcartii
its essential characters. Vanda Cathcartii is has always been a difficult plant to import
an instance of this; so long ago as 1862 the alive, and even when it survives the voyage to
late Professor Reichenbach challenged the Europe the most solicitous care on the part of
propriety of referring this plant to Vanda, the cultivator frequently fails to preserve it

and created for its reception a new genus alive for any length of time in the glass
which he called Esmeralda but the change ; houses of this country. At least two circum-
seems to have attracted but little notice till stances may be adduced as probable causes
the revision of the Orchidece was undertaken of failure : the impossibility of approximately
by Mr. Bentham for the Genera PI ant arum. imitating the climatic conditions under which
That eminent systematist, although agreeing it thrives in its native home, and the delicate
with Reichenbach as to the propriety of constitution of the plant itself derived from
removing it from Vanda, found it unnecessary its environment, by which it is deprived of the

to adopt his Esmeralda, as the flowers hardening influence of direct sunlight.

conform sufficiently to Blume's much older Thickly wooded gorges in close proximity to
genus, Arachnanthe and he accordingly
; streams where light is of the most sombre
brought it under that genus. description, quite beyond the warming
The following particulars of its origin are influence of the sun, and where a continual
given by Sir J. D. Hooker in the Botanical high state of humidity during the whole year
Magazine, sub. t. 5845:
—
"It is a native of is maintained, are one and all necessary to its

hot, damp, shady valleys in the eastern existence. From May till October the forests
Himalaya, delighting in the neighbourhood of are maintained in a constant state of satura-
waterfalls where it is exposed to constant tion by a drenching and almost continuous
humidity it was discovered by myself m
; rainfall, while, during the other half of the
1848, and transmitted to the Calcutta Botanic year, a high degree of humidity is kept up by
Garden, where, after flowering, it was sent off the splashing of the stream a few feet off, and
to England, but did not survive the voyage. the dense canopy of foliage overhead that
Repeated attempts were subsequently made checks evaporation. Hence it is that good
to introduce it with more or less success, and specimens, growing freely and flowering
the honour of first flowering it in this country regularly, are rarely seen in British Orchid
is, I due to Messrs. Veitch, whose
believe, collections, and therefore it is with much
plant produced one flower in March of the satisfaction that we are enabled to record an
present year (1870)." From that time forward instance of the successful cultivation of this
Arachnanthe Cathcartii has occasionally had Orchid in the garden of Sir George Macleay
a place in many Orchid collections both in at Pendell Court, Bletchingley. Here the
Europe and America, and the estimation in plant is trained against a wall partly over a
which it has been held by horticulturists has water tank in a small stove, where the
found expression in the numerous coloured temperature during winter is about 12 to
plates of it that have appeared in gardening 15 degs.C. (55 to 60 degs. F.), and the
publications. It usually flowers in the early wall always more or less damp from the
 —

THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1915.

moisture arising from the tank. In this situa- cultivator should not forget that an excessive
tion the lowermost breaks also flower, but amount of moisture often proves as disastrous
which, when detached from the parent plant, as an insufficient supply.
fail to do
Moreover, the old plant seems
so. The descriptive notes of an Orchid collector
to suffer if it be shortened in the manner often contain some such remark as :
" During
sometimes practised on some species of the growing season the plants are subject to
Vanda. Veitclis Manual of Orchulaccojis torrential rains," a statement which, although
Plaiils. it may be perfectly correct, is likely to mislead

amateur cultivators. There is a vast difference

between the open situation of the plant's
THE ART OF WATERING. natural abode and the artificial conditions
existing m glass-houses. In the former there

Al^^GUST IS amonth of fine weather, at are frequent drying winds which prevent an
least, SO we are generally informed over-abundance of atmospheric moisture,
by the almanac, but experience while the roots, spread out over a large area,
proves that this is not always true with the are continually finding their way into fresh
English climate ; in some years it is particu- nutritive material ; is, under
in the latter, that
and dry, while in others there is an
larly hot greenhouse treatment, the weather is often-
unusual amount of cloudy weather with a times unfavourable to much ventilation being
continuation moisture
of in themuch given, evaporation being correspondingly
atmosphere. apparent that no
It is thus retarded, while root action is impeded by rigid
definite directions regarding the watering of confinement to pots, compelling many roots
plants can ever be laid down with any degree to travel again over a compost from which
of accuracy so much depends on the actual
; much of the nutriment has already been
conditions of the weather that the cultivator extracted. Consequently, when cultivating
must use his own discretion daily. Orchids under the restrictions which the
The conveyance and introduction into the difference in the geographical situation
plant body of the nutrient material of the compels us to adopt, it is never wise to
compost IS entirely dependent on the water attempt the formation of the exact conditions
supply ; no solid food can be absorbed by under which plants are known to flourish
plants all nutriment must be in a liquid form
; when in their natural abode. Every factor
or itcannot be taken up by the roots. Hence and condition must be duly considered.
we see the necessity of keeping the compost When applying water to large pots sufficient
moist when the plant is in active growth and must be given to moisten the whole compost.
reducing the moisture during the resting The practice of applying a little at frequent
season. The best cultural results are obtained intervals is not recommended, for by so doing
not by an abundance of water, as many young the upper portion of the material is always
amateurs suppose, but by a careful considera- moist, while the lower part is invariably dry.
tion of the plant's requirements and the A large pot thoroughly moistened will keep
condition of the surrounding atmosphere. the roots supplied with water for some time,
Just as an excessive amount of food is and thus save considerable labour. Some
injurious to the welfare of animals so is a cultivators have a habit of rapping with their
compost saturated with water very harmful to knuckles the outside of the pot, the sound
a tender plant. One of the essential principles thereby produced varying in accordance with
of succes-ful cultivation is to first ascertain the interior condition a dull heavy sound
;

the need of the plant and then to sustain the indicating moisture and a hollow sound
compost in a condition most likely to meet dryness. When large pots are placed at some
the plant's requirements. Circumstances may distance back from the footpath, where they
not always allow this to be carried out to can only be reached with difficulty, care must
the fullest extent desired, nevertheless the always be taken to ensure a supply of water
August. 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 257

reachiiij^ all parts of the compost ; oftentimes cultivator is ever on the look out for an
it is the front or nearest [X)ition that receives eventuality of this kind, and liir, keen eye
the water, the hack portion, freciuently hidden dete(-ts it aliiKJst as soon as it occurs. Exces-
by lar^e bull)s and foliage, receiving an sive dryness is also likely to take place. The
inadequate quantity. surface ofcompost assumes a dead
the
Years ago, when Stanhopeas and allied appearance and becomes so dry and hard that
Orchids were more numerously grown than it effectually prevents water from percolating
they are at the present time, many baskets through. The best remedy is to soak the pot
and pans were suspended from the roof. ill water for a few minutes, and then carefully
These had all to be taken down to receive remove the compost and
surface of the
their water supply, and, indeed, left for a short replace it Plants which
with fresh material.
time on or near the ground in order that the have an aljundant supply of growing
surplus water might pass away without sphagnum moss are able to collect much more
damaging other plants, as it would do if of the water sprayed over them than those
allowed to drip upon them. Now as the having a dead-like surface. Thus it comes
watering is generally done when the growing about that the plants really in need of water
conditions are at their best it is apparent to receive less than their share while those
one and all that much valuable time is thus requiring but little get an excessive amount.
by removing it from a warm
lost to the plant Years ago, when cultivators half-filled the

and sunny position and leaving it in a cold pots with crocks, large quantities of water
and semi-dark place near the ground. In were applied in fact, the drainage was so
;

fact, such treatment is very liable to give the efficient were it not for this plentiful
that
plant a check, especially if the water is many supply the compost would more often have
degrees colder than the atmosphere from been too dry than too wet. Of late years the
which it has just been removed. Although drainage material has been greatly reduced ;

but few plants are now grown in baskets and with small pots only one or two crocks are
pans, those that are should always be necessary, which allows a comparatively
suspended over the path or in a place where, larger amount of compost being used. The
as soon as water has been applied, they can pots thus hold more moisture and smaller
be immediately replaced, the surplus water quantities of water are required. Hence the
can then drip off without damaging other method of potting and the application of
plants. These remarks apply with equal force water are always closely associated. As a
to plants cultivated on shelves. general rule it will be found that the larger
Small pots require frequent attention, and the mass of compost the less frequent will be
as they usually contain young plants of the need of the watering pot. A specimen
delicate constitution no prolonged period of Cymbidium may go a whole week without
dryness should be allowed to occur. Where requiring additional water, whereas a small
large numbers of seedlings are grown in seedling may need attention daily.
batches frequent syringing overhead is Consideration must also be given to the
generally carried out during fine weather, but kind of climate the plant would enjoy in its
even then individual attention is required at natural abode, for it would not be advisable
least once a day, for there are always to be to attempt any wide change in the amount of
found some pots which have dried up quicker atmospheric moisture. Take, for example,
than others, sometimes because they are Brassavola Digbyana — its very nature suggests
influenced by a current of drying air, at other a dry climate the ; staff and fleshy leaves
times on account of an unusually porous remind one of a cactus. To attempt the
compost. Now and again a pot becomes cultivation of shady and
this plant m a
saturated with water, the drainage is clogged, excessively moist situation would end in
the compost becomes sour, and the plant nothing but failure, yet such an atmosphere
soon assumes a sickly appearance. A good would prove most suitable for a Cypripedium.
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [Au<,nist, 1915.

NEW HYBRIDS. labellum. Raised by Messrs. Mansell and

Hatcher.
Epioenurum FRAGROCARPUM. —An inter- Odontioda Clarissa. Oda. Bradshawias —
esting h) brid between fragrans and prismato- and Odm. illustrissimum are the parents of
carpum. The erect spikes carrying greenish- this hybrid recently flowered by Messrs.
yellow flowers, the lip with rose markings. Mansell and Hatcher.
Raiseti by Mr. J. Collier, in the collection of Odontioda Redwing. A charming —
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, addition to the Odontiodas has been flowered
Surrey. by Mr. Wm. Thompson, of Walton Grange.
OnoNTiODA Red Cross. — This pleasing The parents are Odm. RolfejE and Oda.
lu'brid was exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler Charlesworthii, the flower having all the
at the Royal Horticultural Society, June 22nd, segments symmetrically marked with reddish-
1915, when it received an Award of Merit. Ijrown.
The parents are Oda. Cooksoniae and Odm. Odontoglossum Wilchello. — The
ardentissimum. result of crossing Wilckeanum and Othello.
Cattleya Paula. —A very pleasing Raised by Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court,
flower, which obtained an Award of Merit, Horsham. The broad flower is marked with
Holland House Show, July Oth, 191 5, when dull crimson blotches.
exhibited by the raisers Messrs. J. and A. Odontoglossum Delta. — An excellent
McBean. The parents are aurea and Clarkias result, obtained by crossing Rolfeae and
(bicolor y labiata), yielding a thick-textured Othello, Mr. C. J.
Lucas being the raiser. Seg-
flower, the sepalsand petals rose-crimson, the ments of good shape, golden-yellow, neatly
labellum ruby crimson, and the throat golden- blotched with reddish-brown, the large
orange. labellum creamy-white with reddish markings.
L.BLIO-Cattleya Emmeline.— The result Odontioda "Fhe Prince. —A pleasing
of crossing L. anceps Schroderas and C. hybrid with amethyst-purple flowers, obtained
Whitei (Warneri x Schilleriana). The erect by crossing" Odm. Ernestii (Adrianse x
petals, as well as the sepals, of bright purple triumphans) and Oda. Charlesworthii.
colour, the lip ruby-crimson with a yellow Exhibited by Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher,
isthmus. Raised by Messrs. J. and A. McBean. Holland House Show, as Prince de Galles,
L.5;lio-Cattleya Leda. Messrs. Sander — but altered to The Prince in consequence of
and Sons, St. Albans, are the raisers of this the former name being already in use.
new hybrid between L. purpurata and L.-C. Odontoglossum Milan. — The result of
Martinetii. crossing Rolfeae and Harryanum. Raised by
Odontoglossum wylamense. This— Messrs. Flory and Black, and in the first plant
hybrid between percultum and Harryanum to flower there is a marked similarity to the
was originally raised in the collection of Mrs. former parent.
N. C. Cookson. A
good example was Cattleya Orduna. —A large flowering
exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons at the hybrid, obtained from Carmen (Warscewiczu
recent Holland House Show. X Lueddemanniana) and Mendelii. Raised
Odontioda Edith Hodgson. —A pretty b)' Messrs. Flory and Black.
result, obtained by crossing Odm. tigrinum L.elio-Cattleya Cortina. La?lio- —
(Harryanum x Fascinator) and Oda. Brad- Cattleya callistoglossa and Cattleya Empress
shawiae. Raised by Messrs. Mansell and Frederick are the parents of this new hybrid,
Hatcher, Rawdon, Yorks. recently exhibited by Messrs. Flory and
'

Odontoglossum Evelyn. — The parents Black.

of this novelty are crispo-Harryanum and Anguloa —
Rolfei. A natural hybrid
Phoebe, the influence of cirrhosum, derived between and Ruckeri. Imported by
Cliftoni
through the latter, being visible in the large Messrs. Sander and Sons, and exhibited by
yellow area on the crest portion of the them at the Holland House Show, 1915.
Aut;usl, Kj'S-l 'IHI'; ORCilll) WORLD. 259

MASDEVALLIA
RACEMOSA.
was
Tlllb charminy plant
discovered in
oriy,inally
Columbia by Hartwey;, iioni
whose herbarium si)ecimens it was
named and described by Lindley in
1839. Many years later it was
"gathered by Cross at Pilayo, near
Popayan, whose name thence became
attached to the plant, although he
failed to send home living plants to
Europe, as did other collectors after
luin, it being, it is said, one of the

worst of Masdevallias to travel. Its

introduction to gardens due to John is

("arder, who succeeded in sending a

small consignment of living plants in
the year 1883. These were gathered
on the Cordillera, between Popayan
and Tolima.
This distinct species of the genus
has erect stems, 2-3 inches high,
produced from a creeping rhizome.
Leaves 2-4 inches long. Scape
10- IS inches long, racemose, 8-15
flowered. Flowers orange- brilliant
red shaded with crimson, sometimes
paler approaching yellow lateral ;

sepals with three longitudinal veins

that are deeper in colour than the
intervening surface ;
petals and hp
minute, whitish, the former oval-
oblong, the latter linear-oblong.
The lateral sepals are destitute of
tails.

The structure of the flowers of

Masdevallia presents a curious
anomaly when compared with that of
the flowers of many of the genera
that find favour with amateurs, such
Masdevallia racemosa.
as Dendrobium,
Cattleya, many
Odontoglossums and Oncidiums, etc., conventionalK' called are the most developed
in which the lip is often enormously and the most richly coloured parts of the
developed, apparently at the expense of the flower, this development being, no doubt, at
other floral segments, and it is also the most the expense of the petals and hp, which are
richly coloured of all the segments. In reduced to minute organs that have but an
Masdevallia, on the contrary, the lower whorl insignificant influence on the aspect of the
of floral segments —the sepals as they are flower.
 — :

August, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD.

ANGR/ECUM CAUDATUM. for each l)ull). On no account must all the

bulbs be tied u}) in a bunch, each must have

THE most noticeable character presented

by Angraecum on a superficial inspec-
its allotted space, and as far as possible be

prevented from shading its neighbour. Where

tion of the cultivated species is ample staging space is available the bulbs can
unquestionably the long tail-like spur be allowed wider separation, a method always
dependent from the base of the labelluni. rewarded with good results, for the more light
The generic name is a Latinised form of and air they receive so much the riper will
Angrek, the Malay name for all Orchids of they become, while the flowers ultimately
the yErides and Vanda habit of growth. The produced will be proportionately finer. A
subject of our illustration is a native of Sierra word of caution is needed in respect to tying
Leone, whence it was introduced, about the up the bulbs so tightly that further increase
year 1834, by Messrs. Loddiges, in whose in their development is arrested. Also, some
nursery at Hackney it flowered for the first leaves may have occupied positions in which
time in this country in August of the following their under surface has been continually
year. It appears to have been subsequently shaded, and consequently is in a tender
imported in limited numbers, as it was condition ; with these care is required to so
generally cultivated by the most prominent arrange them that not exposed
they are
amateurs of the period, 1 840-60, among whom suddenly to the glaring sunshine, or serious
it was in high repute on account of its very damage may result. All changes in this
curious flowers, of which the unusual colour respect should take place gradually, in order
olive-green toned with pale brown the long ;
that the leaves may have time to adapt
tails and the remarkable sexual apparatus are themselves to the altered conditions.
striking peculiarities.

CATTLEYA NOTES. HOLLAND HOUSE SHOW.

NO matter what the weather

there
may be
always something requiring
is Members of the
July 6th, 7th and 8th, 191 5.
Orchid Committee present
attention in the Orchid house, and .Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir Jeremiah
herein one of the charms of a collection.
lies Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec),
A spare half-hour in the early morning or Pantia Ralli, T. Armstrong, W. Bolton, F.
towards the close of day may be profitably Sander, J. Cypher, Stuart Low, Gurney
occupied by looking over the Cattleyas and Wilson, W. Thompson, W. H. Hatcher, A.
carefully arranging the bulbs so that the McBean, R. G. Thwaites, Cookson, W. C.
newly-made ones are in the most favourable Cobb, R. A. Rolfe, Wilson Potter, A. Dye,
positions to receive sufficient light and air. C. J. Lucas, J. E. Shill, W. H. White and R.
In fact, one of the secrets of successfully Brooman-White.
flowering Cattleyas is maturing the bulbs in

a good ripening atmosphere. First-class Certificates.

A fairly thick stick in the centre of the pot
will usually be found the best means of Odontoglossum Georgius Rex (parentage
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.,
maintaining the bulbs in the desired positions. unrecorded), from
Each bulb should be carefully drawn to an Brackenhurst, Pembury. — A remarkable plant,
almost upright attitude, and kept so by with a spike of 28 large flowers handsomely
means of raffia, which, to prevent slipping, blotched with claret-purple. A Lindley Medal
should be securely tied to the central
first was also awarded.
stick. Except in the case of large specimens Cattleya Warscewiczii " Mrs. E. Ashworth,"
it is quite unnecessary to use a separate stick from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
262 THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1915.

Heath. —A very beautiful and distinct variety. called exquisitum being richly coloured,
The plant carried a spike of four large flowers, Lycaste aromatica with numerous flowers, a
of light blush-pink, the broad labellum tinged wide selection of L.-C. Aphrodite and some
with rose-pink. It received an Award of strong pieces of Anguloa Cliftonii. Among
Merit when exhibited by Mr. E. Ashworth, the Odontiodas were O. The Prince

July, i8g;. (Ernestii x Charlesworthii) with amethyst-

purple flowers, and the pretty O. Sunbeam.
Awards of Merit. Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were
awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for an extensive
La^lio-Cattleya Fascinator-Mossiae var. group containing many superb Laelio-
Moonlight, from Messrs. Charlesworth and Cattleyas, of which gloriosa, lustre and
Co.— An uncommon variety, in which the stiff Mauritania were particularly fine. Also
flower is chalk-white with a slight tinge of Miltonia Sanderas var. vivicans, with a bright
pink on the back of the sepals. The throat crimson blotch on the base of the labellum,
is unusually devoid of colour. the rare brides HouUetianum Sanderas, an
Cattleya Mendelii " Mrs. Smee," from Sir albino variety, the curious Ornithocephalus
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. — A model flower with graildiflorus, as well as many interesting
broad, well-set petals, and the labellum of botanical plants. A special feature in this
purple-crimson colour. exhibit was the wide selection of Anguloas.
Cattleya Paula (Clarkiae x Dovviana aurea), Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, received
from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge. a Large Silver Cup for a meritorious exhibit
— An attractive hybrid of rich crimson-rose of of which Canhamiana
Laelio-Cattleyas,
colour, the extensive front lobe of the Rex, Gladiator and Martinetti were unusually
labellum, as well as the margin of the lateral good. Small groups of the attractive Disa
lobes, being ruby-crimson, the throat golden- Luna and the superb Disa grandiflora, with
orange. its large flowers and bright scarlet colour,
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park,
Sir were much admired. Lycaste aromatica, with
received a Gold Medal for an excellent group, numerous flowers, Cattleya Gaskelliana alba,
containing a varied selection of species as various Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, the
well as numerous hybrids raised in his collec- useful Oncidium leucochilum and Miltonia
tion. There were two good plants of Cattleya Hyeana were also seen to advantage.
Mendelii " Quorn House var.," C.-M. Duke of Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
Marlborough and C,-M. Mrs. Smee several ; Heath, received a Silver Cup for a collection
forms of Cattleya Warscewiczii, of which the of specimen plants, which included several
variety known as King Edward VII. was varieties of the handsome Miltonia Charles-
extremely dark. Numerous Odontiodas, worthii, M. Lyoth, Epidendrum
vexillaria
strong plants of Oncidium macranthum, vitellinum and Dendrobium infundibulum.
batches of the bright yellow L.-C. Phoebe, There was also a plant of the choice
and well-flowered Cypripedium
plants of Odontioda Cooksonias Fowler's var., the
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum were in prominent interesting Paphinia cristata, a fine variety of
positions. Zygopetalum Roeblingianum and Epidendrum prismatocarpum, a varied selec-
a varied selection of botanical curiosities must tion Odontiodas, of which O. Brewii
of
also be mentioned. cupreum and O. Chantecleer are worthy of
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, special mention, and two well-flowered plants
Yorks, were awarded a Gold Medal for an of Angraecum Eichlerianum.
exceptionally well-staged exhibit, in which Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge
were many grand plants of Phalaenopsis Wells, were awarded a Standard Cup for an
amabilis, several specimen plants of the excellent exhibit, the various forms of
graceful Platychnis filiformis, Vanda teres, Cattleya Warscewiczii being specially note-
good examples of Cypripedium Curtisii, one worthy. Cypripediums were extensively
 :;

August, KJI5-] lllE ORCHID WORLD. 263

included, callosum Sanderae, Daisy Barclay Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford, sent
and gigas Hycanum being seen at their best. cut spikes of Cypripedium Stonei, the rare
Maxillana luteo-alba, several albino Cattleyas, variety platytaenium as well as magnificum
and some new Odontoglossum hybrids of being included.
considerable promise were also shown. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, exhibited
Odontioda Chantecleer Orchidhurst variety Cattleya Eros, a pleasing flower not unlike
was much admired. Cattleya Empress Frederick, the labellum
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook marked with rose-purple and the throat
and Bush Hill Park, received a Standard Cup orange coloured.
for an extensive exhibit, m which well-flowered
plants of Renanthera Imschootiana and the
white Phalaenopsis amabilis showed to great
advantage. Oncidioda Cooksoniae, the rare
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
Cattleya Mendelii Stuart Low and other
SOCIETY.
choice varieties, Laelia tenebrosa " Walton
July 20th, 191 5.
Grange var.," strong plants of Oncidium
Members of the Orchid Committee present
macranthum and the curious Bulbophyllum
Sir Harry J.
Veitch (in the chair), Messrs.
Lobbi Collosus were also included. Cypri-
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), Pantia Ralli, J.
pediums embraced good examples of
Charlesworth, W.
Gurney Wilson, R.
Bolton,
caudatum and grande atratum. Laelio-
A. Rolfe, W. H. White, R. Brooman-White,
Cattleyas were well represented, the varieties
S. Flory, W. H. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis and
of Aphrodite being superb. Cattleyas
Wilson Potter.
included several excellent albinos and richly-
coloured forms of Warscewiczii.
Messrs. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
Award of Merit.
J.
staged a fine exhibit, to which a Silver-gilt Bulbophyllum Balfourianum, from Messrs.
Flora Medal was awarded. The centre was —
Sander and Sons. A remarkable species with
a mass of excellent Odontiodas, while at the not unlike those of Phalaenopsis.
leaves a
back were fine varieties of Oncidium The large flowers are yellowish, heavily
McBeanianum. The new L.-C. Emmeline, of blotched and spotted with dark crimson. In
considerable promise, as well as Cattleya some respects it is like B. Fletcherianum, but
Paula were prominent positions. Cattleya
in
the lateral sepals are not so elongated.
Mossiae Wageneri, Coelogyne pandurata were
well-flowered, and there was a varied selection
Other Exhibits.
of choice Odontoglossums, both species and
hybrids. The pretty Masdevallia Schlimii was Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were
also included. awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter-
Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, esting group, in which were several elegant
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a plants of Anguloa Cliftonii and A. Clowesii
pleasing group of Leelio-Cattleyas, among the pretty Bulbophyllum densiflorum ;

which were bletchleyensis var. Emperor, a Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, with 7 flowers on
grand flower, and a richly-coloured form of a spike ;
Cattleya Gaskelliana var. Brides-
Martinetti. Odontoglossum hybrids and white maid, a very delicate flower the choice ;

varieties of Cattleya Mossiae were also Coelogyne Mooreana, with an erect spike of
shown. white flowers and Epidendrum radiatum.
;

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, exhibited a
group of Odontoglossums, Cattleyas and
Laelio-Cattleyas in variety. Also Vanda teres,
Dendrobium Thwaitesii and Miltonia vexil-
A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded.
laria.
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
secured a Silver Flora Medal for a pleasing
group, containing the rare .brides odoratum
album, Cattleya Gaskelliana var. Fairy Queen,
C. Mossiae Wageneri, C. gigas Pearl, a pretty
264 THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1915.

form, Oncidium macranthum, with many- FiRST-CLASS Certificates.

flowered spikes, the interesting Cypripedium Cattleya Mossise Wageneri " Baron

caudatum, and Miltonia Lambeauiana, with a .Schroder's var.,".the yellow markings on the
spike of large flowers. lip very pronounced, and Cattleya Sybil " R.
Messrs. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
J. Ashworth," both from R. Ashworth, Esq.
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a Cypripedium Curtisii Sanderae, from S.
neat group, in which were excellent varieties Gratrix, Esq. A Silver Medal was also
of their Laeho-Cattleya Harrianceps, a choice awarded.
selection of Cattleya Lord Rothschild alba, Cattleya Mossiae pleasingtonensis, white
good varieties of Odontioda Charlesworthii, sepals and petals, the lip lined with yellow,
O. Diana and O. Thwaitesii, the elegant from T. Butler, Esq.
Laslio-Cattleya Beatrice (callistoglossa x
Schroderae), and various Odontoglossums. Awards of Merit.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged Odontoglossum Cobbias " Ashland var."
the new Odontoglossum Milan (Rolfeas x (Pescatorei x amabile), O. Lambeauianum
Harryanum), with large flowers resembling a " Lord and O. ardentissimum
Kitchener
"

fine variety of Rolfes Cattleya Orduna

;
expansum, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
all

(Carmen x Mendelii) and Laelio-Cattleya

;
Cattleya Thurgoodiana " Haddon House
Cortina (callistoglossa x Empress Frederick), var.," from P. Smith, Esq.

a promising" hybrid.
Cultural Certificate
Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford,
exhibited Cattleya superba alba, with blush- To Mr. E. Rogers, for a plant of

vvhite segments, the lip having a few rose Phalaenopsis Rimestadiana, with a branched

coloured lines ; Odontoglossum Ceres, a

also
spike of 46 flowers. A Bronze Medal was
richly coloured variety with a spike of 5 good also awarded.

flowers.
Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited July 8th, 19 1 5.
J.
a strong plant of Cymbidium aloifolium, with Members Committee present
of the Rev. :

two drooping spikes of flowers. J. Crombleholme (m the chair), Messrs. R.

Ashworth, J. Cypher, P. Foster, A. Hanmer,
Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W.
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward
MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY and H. Arthur (Secretary).
A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R.
June 17th, 1915. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and to Col. J.
Members of the Committee present R. :
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. A Silver Medal
Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. J. C. was granted to Messrs. Cypher and Sons,
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. Cheltenham. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury,
Hanmer, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, F. K. and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford,
.Sander, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp also exhibited.

and H. Arthur (Secretary). Awards of Merit.

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Col. J. Oncidium cnspum " Heathfield var.," from
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn Large Silver ;
Bolton, Esq., Pendleton.
J. J.
Medals to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, Odontoglossum Duchess of Teck, from A.
and A. Hanmer, Esq., Chester Silver Medals ;
Oakshott, Esq., Bidston.
J.
were granted to Messrs. Cypher and Sons,
Cheltenham, Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Cultural Certificate
Albans, and Messrs. Hassall and Co., To Mr. Jas. Law, gr. to J. J. Bolton, Esq.,
Southgate. Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, for a fineexample of Oncidium cnspum ; a
Bradford, also exhibited interesting plants. Bronze Medal being also awarded.
 NOTES.
—
Parthenogenesis. Another instance of OdoNTOGLOSSUM Lobbi^. — This hybrid
development of the ovules without transmis- between amabile and was Pescatorei
sion of the paternal characters has occurred Royal Horticultural
originally exhibited at the
in a plant of Zygopetalum intermedium Society, February 12th, 1907, by Mr. J.
pollinated with Cymbidium Tracyanum. The Gurney Fowler, who named it in honour of
pod was made and the seedlings raised by his god-daughter. The name was duly
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, of Cooksbridge, published, but in subsequent records it was,
and the many plants that have flowered are by a clerical error m the changed
initial letter,

nothing else than pure Zygopetalum inter- into Cobbiae, an appellation that has remained
medium. The exact means by which the in use ever since. The Manchester Orchid
ovules of certain species are stimulated into Society, June 17th, 191 5, gave an Award of
growth without any visible signs of hybridity Merit to the Ashlands variety of Cobbiae
has never been satisfactorily explained. (amabile x Pescatorei) which should have
been Lobbiae, although we inadvertently
m u omitted to make the correction in our report
R.H.S. Awards. — At the meeting of the of the meeting on page 264.
Orchid Committee, August 17th, 1915, Mr. J.
Gurney Fowler brought forward the question
U U ^
of granting some suitable award to immature Brides maculosum Schroderi. —
seedlings flowering for the first time, in order Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. have recently
toencourage raisers to exhibit their novelties flowered this pretty rarity, which belongs to
on the earliest occasion possible, instead of an interesting section of Orchids seldom seen
waiting until the plants reach maturity. He in present-day collections, although well
suggested that something in the way of a worthy of closer recognition. It was originally
ProvisionalRecommendation might be used, flowered by Mr. J. H. Schroder, of Stratford
and that the same be brought into working
order by January ist, 1916. It was also
Green,
particulars:
— "Iwho
Essex, supplied the following
purchased about the year
it

proposed to inaugurate a second award for 1844 at Stevens' sale, Covent Garden, being
rare species, those that formerly received part of a small importation from the hills near
the Botanical Certificate, in order that a Bombay. My attention was directed to it by
record might be made of the appearance of itsvery distinct habit, and the remains of a
these plants at the Royal Horticultural flower-spike from every leaf. We have
Society. The need for some official recog- flowered it now for three years, and each year
nition of the above two classes of Orchids finer than the preceding, and should we be
was discussed in our issue of May, 191 5, fortunate enough to attain its native flowering
p. 175. We shall be glad to receive the habit, need not say what a magnificent thing
I

opinions of Orchid growers upon the various it It appears to be a hybrid between

will be.
points involved. .i^^rides crispum and A. maculosum, and on

VOL. V.
34
 ;

266 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 1915.

that account value it the more, as I do not

I consignments being sent home from new
think it is so hkely to be introduced again." and unexplored districts. In the early
It formed the subject of a coloured plate in nineties he collected Laelio-Cattleya elegans,
Moore and Ayres' Magazine of Botany, 1850, then much sought after, as hybrids were
the accompanying note by A. Henfrey stating few in number among many choice varieties
;

that seems to bear a close resemblance to

" it he found a pure white one, which has since
A. maculosum, from which it can hardly be been lost to cultivation. His journeys
specifically distinct, although in the shape of extended over the whole of Southern and
the lateral teeth of the lip, and in the bifid Central America, wherever, in fact, there was
tubercle between them, it appears to differ any likelihood of Orchids being found. He
slightly. Considering the much greater re-discovered Laelia Jongheana and in later
differences between the other species we years Laelia Gouldiana. Twice he went to
prefer to regard this as a variety." Veitch's Peru, chiefly for the rare Cattleya Rex the
Orchid Manual remarks: "A. maculosum
— first consignments were shipwrecked and
;

lost,

is a native of the Western Ghauts of India, but later ones arrived safely. He described
from Mahabaleshwar, its northern limit, to this plant as flowering profusely on bulbs
Travancore in the south, but quite local, in as large as those of Laslia purpurata, and
one or two places associated with brides constituting one of the finest sights ever seen.
crispum. It was introduced by Messrs. Among his most interesting letters are those
Loddiges, of Hackney, and Messrs. Rollisson, describing journeys to the eastern slopes of
of Tooting, and flowered for the first time in the Andes, which he crossed wherever he
this country in the nurseries of those firms could in Peru and Bolivia. Forget possessed
in July, 1844. The variety Schroderi is an iron constitution and rarely complained
distinguished by having stems more robust of ill-health during the whole of the 23 years
and taller ; leaves more distant and longer he was engaged in collecting and exploring.
peduncles stouter and more branched, the His sudden death, from an affection of the
sepals and petals narrower, with the apical heart, comes therefore as a shock and
stain larger and brighter, the front lobe of surprise. He was absolutely fearless when
the lip longer and of a deep amethyst-purple." in the forests, but disliked intensely the noise
A. maculosum Schroderi obtained a First- and bustle of London and large towns. He
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, was well received everywhere by the natives,
June 1 2th, 1894, when exhibited by Sir chiefly owing to his tact. He never carried
Trevor Lawrence, Bart. firearms, not even during a month's solitary
exploration on the then little known S.
1^ ^ 1^ Francisco River and its numerous tributaries.
He lies buried in the cemetery of Rennes,
Louis Forget. — Messrs. Sander and Sons France.
regret to announce the death of their
well-known collector M. Louis Forget, which # ^ ^
took place, August loth, in a hospital at
Rennes, France. Since his first journey to L.eliO-Cattleya Penarth. —A four-
Brazil in 1891 he has been constantly engaged flowered spike of this pretty hybrid comes
in collecting Orchids and other plants and from the collection of Mr. J. J. Neale,
in the exploration of South and Central Lynwood, Penarth, where it was raised by
America. He only returned to Europe at Mr. H. Haddon, the parents being C. Forbesii
rare intervals, and then for but a few months. and L.-C. elegans. The yellowish sepals and
When, in i8gi, the re-discovered Cattleya petals are lightly tinted with rose, and the
labiata was in demand, he travelled to inside of the labellum prettily lined and
Pernambuco, and his remarkable energy spotted with bright purple. It flowered for
and persistent efforts accounted for large the first time in 191 4.
September, 1915-] THE ORCHID WORLD. 267

Odonloglossum eximium King of the Belgians.

Odontoglossum eximium King of the Oise), France, send us a photograph of an

Belgians. —This unusually fine variety of artistic group of Orchids exhibited by them

eximium, with rich crimson-purple blotches,
has been raised by Messrs. J. and A. McBean,
of Cooksbridge, who have always made a
speciality of choice Odontoglossums. In
the production of ardentissimum a heavily
blotched variety of crispum was mated with
Pescatorei, and the marked manner in which
the blotching was accentuated in the resulting
progeny incited the raisers to produce still
finer flowers by increasing the proportion of
crispum, this being effectually earned out in
at Paris only a few weeks before the war
commenced. In order to produce as natural
an effect as possible, the plants were displayed
upon trunks of trees, the Miltonias and
Phalaenopses thus showing to advantage.
The centre was occupied with excellent
varieties of Laelio-Cattleya Lucia (cinnabarina
X Mendelii), and on each side various Brasso-
Cattleyas and specimen Cypripediums were
tastefully arranged. On other occasions
interesting Odontiodas of attractive colour,

the production of O. eximium (ardentissimum and Odontoglossums, both species and

X crispum). Although Pescatorei is respon- hybrids, were exhibited. Among the choice
sible for a minor share of the parentage its Orchids is L.-C. King Edward VII., with a
influence is still to be seen in the pandurate large and richly-coloured labellum, a beautiful
shape of the labellum, and the violet tinge variety of Odontoglossum Fascinator
imparted to certain portions of the flower. (crispum x Adrianae), and O. Eldorado, noted
for its immense lip. Messrs. Vacherot and

1^
Lecoufle have published a catalogue contain-
ing a selection of their best species and
Orchids in France. — Messrs. Vacherot hybrids, as well as Carnations, in which they
and Lecoufle, of Boissy-St,-Leger (Seine et also specialise.
268 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 1915.

Oncidium Leopoldianum.

ONCIDIUM CORYNEPHORUM natural hybrids exist, and even if already

imported some time may be required before
AND O. LEOPOLDIANUM. they are discovered, as both species are

THERE
have
Oncidiums that
are two elegant
comeprominence during
into
notoriously difficult to cultivate, at least, so
far as their flowering is concerned.
the last year or so, one is O. O. corynephorum has by far the longest
corynephorum and the other O. Leopold- history, having been described by Lindley
ianum. It is more than likely that they grow about year 1838, from a specimen
the
m the same locality, for both have appeared collected by Matthews in Peru. O. Leopold-
in an importation of plants received from ianum was introduced by Linden in 1890,
Moyambambo, Peru. Although the habit of and dedicated to Leopold II., King of the
growth and the formation of the flowers Belgians. In both species the spikes are
shows respectively a great similarity, the two several feet in length and bear numerous
accompanying illustrations depict a marked whitish flowers more or less stained and
difference in the construction of the labellum, freckled with rose, the labellum coloured with
by which each species may be identified. It varying shades of purple.
is at present impossible to say whether any O. corynephorum was exhibited at the
September, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 269

grown bulbs, and the other reserved for the

few that require another week or so to finish
their growth under shady conditions.
There are some amateurs who shut the
houses up as closely as possible each night in
order to save the cost of fuel, which is poor
economy indeed. Plenty of now needed,
air is
and ventilation should always be used when
the outside atmosphere is not unduly severe.
A little fire heat at night time will cause the
maintain a suitable
air to circulate, as well as
temperature. Shutting up the houses on a
summer's afternoon is all very well when a
hot steamy atmosphereis required to promote

vigorous growth, but during the month of

September amateurs would be well advised to
discontinue this treatment, or some of the
plants may be excited into starting a second
growth, which is most undesirable. Modera-
tion in all things is now the main point to

consider.
In the cool houses no fire heat will be
required until October arrives. The Odonto-
Oncidium corynephorum. glossums are of a cool and moist
lovers
atmosphere, and
temperature of 50-60
a
Royal Horticultural Society by Messrs. degrees will suit them admirably no harm ;

Sander and Sons, May 23rd, 191 1, when it will occur if it falls as low as 45 degrees on
received an Award of Merit. O. Leopold- cold nights, although when this is expected
ianum was exhibited by Mr. H. S. Goodson, the watering should be done early in the day
of Putney, July 28th, 1914, and obtained a much
so that of it may evaporate before night
similar award. Our illustrations, reproduced time. When a cold night arrives unexpectedly
from the Society's Journal, show both the new growths should be examined and any
examples. water lodging in them shaken out. This will
go a long way to prevent damping off.
CULTURAL NOTES. Many Odontoglossums of the crispum
THE sun is gradually losing
and shading on all but the cool
its power, section will require repotting, those in the
most forward condition of growth being taken
houses should be reduced accord- in hand first, while the backward plants can

ingly. Where roller blinds are erected their wait a few more weeks, and very late ones
use can be regulated as required, always until the early spring time. The practice of
taking care that the unripened plants are not going through a batch of plants and repotting
subjected to bright sunshine during the every one, whether they require it or not, is
middle part of the day, for there is still a by no means satisfactory even in the large
chance of tender foliage being burn*". trade establishments, and still less so in
Where permanent shading in the form of amateurs' collections, where a considerable
whitewash on the glass is used its removal portion of the work is done in odd hours.
must take place gradually, thus slowly With Odontoglossum hybrids there is a
accustoming the plants to increased light. remarkable increase of vigour, making them
If possible, the plants should be separated particularly useful, for they soon overcome
into two lots, one containing those with fully- any check caused by repotting, while they

VOL. V. 35
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 191 5.

possess a constitution which renders them THREE ELEGANT

immune from many of the troubles associated
ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
with certain species. Hybrids containing
Harryanum in parentage are notable
their crisputn Pescatorei Harryanum Pescatorei
I
!
I
J
examples of this free-growing condition, and
ardentissimum crispum Rolfeae crispuni
so strong are they that it matters but little at I I
I. I

what season of the year the repotting is done,- . I I

eximium Lambeauianum
although when the growth is a few inches I
,
I

high is undoubtedly the most favourable AMETHYST.

opportunity. Many growers use the same
compost mixture for all sizes of plants, which In the production of the multitude of
gives fairly good results, although the best Odontoglossum hybrids that now adorn
success is obtained by selecting the finer our collections three species stand out
material for the small pots and keeping the meritoriously ;
they are crispum, Pescatorei
coarser kind of fibre for the larger specimens. and Harryanum. How many times and in
If a large mass of fine grade fibre is pressed what varied ways have they been intercrossed
closely together there is little room for the is a question no one dares to answer, yet
necessary aeration, resulting in a sour and almost each succeeding attempt rewards the
water-logged condition, which quickly upsets hybridist with one or more distinct and
the health of the plant. Although almost all praiseworthy results.
Orchids require a fairly large amount of Many beautiful varieties of ardentissimum
water, especially when in growth, it is and eximium now exist, and these, as well
absolutely essential to provide efficient means as fine forms of Lambeauianum, are to be
of drainage, both in the compost itself and seen in all up-to-date collections. Their wide
underneath it. In very large pots, say of range of coloration enables them to hold their
eight or more inches m diameter, an excellent own against any other section of cool-house
plan is to insert a small pot in the bottom, Orchid, while their vigorous nature is such
placing it upside down and surrounding it that no amateur need fail to cultivate them
with a few crocks. This method provides satisfactorily.
ample drainage, and has the advantage of Our illustrations show three distinct
keeping the pot light in weight. and beautiful hybrids produced by the
intercrossing of crispum,, Pescatorei and
Harryanum. By the above plan the precise
mode of creating them is facilitated. Amethyst
is the result of crossing eximium and
Lambeauianum illustrissimum is produced ;

by crossing" ardentissimum and Lambeau-

ianum while Dora has for its parentage
;

Pescatorei and Lambeauianum.

Mr. Frank Reader. On Wednesday, —

August 4th, many of the principal exhibitors
at the Royal Horticultural Society presented
Mr. Frank Reader with a silver salver and a
purse of gold in token of their appreciation
of his courtesy and never-failing helpfulness,
and to mark the completion of twenty-five
years' service with the Society. There were
Odonloglossum Dora. eighty-four subscribers.
September, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 271
2-J2 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 1915.

NEW HYBRIDS. ODONTIODA NIRVANA.

Odontonia Kaffir Queen. —A pretty (Odm. naevium X Oda. Charlesworthii.)

addition to this distinct section. Produced Mr. Armstrong sends me the first spike of
by crossing Odm. harvengtense with Miltonia this most elegant little hybrid. It is easily
Warscewiczii, the flower has the sepals and pictured by imagining naevium majus stained
petals heavily blotched with red-brown, the
deep rose and heavily barred and spotted
large, square labellumis almost covered with
with crimson-brown, the white ground and
a shining crimson-red blotch, the margin of dark spotting of it having assumed the
which is tinged with rose, while in front of crimson of the Charlesworthii. The lip of
the yellow crest is a rich crimson blotch of naevium has reduced that of Charlesworthii
triangular shape. Raised by Mr. F. W. greatly in size, and the colour here is a deep
Thurgood in the Rosslyn collection, Stamford rosy-mauve.
Hill, London, N. A
group of nasvium and this hybrid will be
Cypripedium Gypsy.— The result of a most artistic one. There are only five
crossing insigne and Watsonianum (concolor hybrids from naevium at present named, all of
X Harrisianum). Raised by Mr. Wm. Bolton, them having originated at Orchidhurst and
of Warrington, who used the variety of Rosefield.
msigne known as Oddity, which has three de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Aug. §th, igi S-
labellums. See note on page 241.
LYCASTE ARTHURIANA.~An interesting
hybrid between macrophylla and Balliae
(macrophylla x Skinneri), exhibited by Mr. DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM.
R. Ashworth, Manchester Orchid Society,
July 22nd,
of Merit.
1 91 5, when

L.elio-Cattleya Mrs. Harold King.—

The result of crossing L.-C. Epicaste and
it obtained an Award

A NATIVE of the forests of Moulmein

and of the Kargen district of Lower
Burmah, this species was introduced
in 1 804 by Messrs. Low and Co., through the
L.-C. callistoglossa, the flower of excellent
Rev. C. Parish, its discoverer. It flowers in
shape and deep purple. Exhibited by Mrs.
April May, and has, since its first
and
R. le Doux, Manchester Orchid Society,
introduction, been regarded by horticulturists
July 22nd, 191 5, when it received a First-class
as one of the most beautiful species of the
Certificate.
genus.
Odontoglossum cerissimum. — A pretty By some authorities it is considered a
hybrid between Ceres (Rossii x Rolfeje) and
variety of D. densiflorum, which has angulate
ardentissimum, the flowers of rose ground
stems. In D. thyrsiflorum the stems are
effectively spotted with red-brown. Raised terete, longer and more slender. Hence the
by Messrs. Flory and Black.
two plants can be easily distinguished when
L.ilio-Cattleya Sylph.— This cross not in flower.
between L.-C. luminosa and C. Warscewiczii D. thyrsiflorum var. Walkerianum is stated
has been raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle in the have had stems and the
to 3 feet in height,
Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, York. racemes of flowers 2 feet long, bearing more
The labellum is of an unusually bright purple than 50 flowers.
colour. The unexpanded racemes have a curious
Cypripedium Warnham
Fairy. A — cone-like appearance. This is caused by the
pleasing result obtained by Mr. C. J. Lucas, flower buds being completely enveloped by
Warnham Court, Horsham, the parentage the large imbricate bracts, and forming a
being Fairrieanum and Clinkaberryanum thyrse, from which the specific name is
(Curtisii X philippinense). derived.
September, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 273

VOL. V.
36
Dendrobium Farmeri.
September, 1915.] THI<: ORCHID \\t)Rl.l). 275

DENDROBIUM FARMERI. name aureo-flavum has been given. There is

also in Burmah a form with smaller flowers
than those of typical D. Farmeri, and to
THIS 4-5
attractive species has ciavate stems,
angled, from 10-18 inches in this Regel has given the varietal name
height ; leaves ovate-oblong, usually parviflorum."
two or three near the apex of the stems. The
pendulous raceme many-flowered, each bloom
about 2 inches across, the sepals and petals
pale straw-yellow tinted with rose, disc of
lip deep ochreous yellow. The flowermg
season is May and June, sometimes a little

earlier.
A native of the eastern part of the
Himalayan zone and the Khasia Hills, also
in the forests of Moulmein in British Burmah,
whence it has been frequently imported. It
was first introduced in 1847, in which year it
was sent by Dr. McClelland from the Calcutta OncicJium excavatum.
Botanic Garden to Mr. W. G. Farmer, of
Nonsuch Park, Surrey, to whom it is
dedicated. The variety albiflorum was ONCIDIUM EXCAVATUM.
found in the low hills near
plains and
Moulmein the variety aureo-flavum comes
;

from the Arracan Mountains, and closely

resembles D. chrysotoxum, from which
AN attractive species, first discovered by
Matthews, in 1838, at Chachapojas in
Northern Peru, and afterwards by
it may be distinguished by its quad- Spruce on the Andes of Ecuador, and by
rangular stems, looser racemes, and differently Warscewicz near the sources of the Amazon.
shaped lip. It flowered in Messrs. Loddiges' nursery at

In Sikkim, where it is found at elevations Hackney in 1839, but does not appear to have
of from 1,000-3,000 feet, the sepals and petals been cultivated till 1862, when it flowered in
when they first expand are of a pale mauve, the collection of Mr. T. Dawson, at Meadow-
v/hich gradually changes to pure white ; the bank, near Glasgow, who obtained it at a sale.
lip is invariably of a deep rich yellow, with Gustav Wallis, in 1865, collected plants in
the margin whitish. In the Annals of the -Southern Ecuador and sent them to M.
Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, Vol. VIII., Linden's establishment at Brussels. Since
" To this change of colour then it has been generally cultivated. The
p. 57, it is stated :

in the same individual flower is no doubt due .specific name excavatum was suggested by
much of the confusion which has occurred as Dr. Lindley on account of a deep pit
regards the identity of this plant, individuals excavated on the under side of the labellum
in the stage in which the sepals and petals near the base, and only to be seen by looking
are white having been mistaken for D. at the back of the flower and putting aside
thyrsiflorum. D. Farmeri has also been the two lateral sepals.
confused with the closely allied D. palpebrae, The flower spikes, which are produced
but the latter is a smaller plant than D. during the autumn months, are 2-3 feet long,
Farmeri, with thinner less ciavate stems. the individual flowers inches in diameter;
There is, however, a form of D. Farmeri in sepals yellow with 2-3 red-brown bars
Burma which the sepals and petals, as well
in on the basal half ;
petals sometimes wholly
as the are always yellow, and which was
lip, )'ellow, at other times with 1-2 red-brown
considered on its first discovery to be closely spots near the base ; labellum bright
allied to D. chrysotoxum. To this the varietal canary-yellow.
276 TH1-: ORCHID WORLD. [September, 1915.

the pot, and the compost filled in above this

to within an inch of the rim. The pseudo-
bulbs should be placed on the surface of the
compost which should then be covered with
sphagnum moss. When growth commences
the plants should receive a liberal supply of
water, which should be continued till the large
new pseudo-bulbs are mature the supply ;

may then be diminished to so much as is

sufficient to prevent the pseudo-bulbs from
shrinking during the winter months. As
much air and light as is safely practicable
should be afforded at all seasons, shading
being used only during the earliest stages of
growth and on hot bright days to prevent the
Peristeria elala. foliage being scorched.

PERISTERIA ELATA.
ODONTIODA L/EVETZLIANA.
Orchid been
THISknown stately
as the Dove plant from
has
the
long
(Od. lasve X Cochlioda Noetzliana.)

fancied resemblance of the column One of the very few remaining primary
and its beaked anther, combined with the Odontiodas proves what is called interesting,
ascending side lobes of the lip to the figure another and more euphemious term for
of a dove characters which also obtained for
;
" rubbish " in the eyes of the hybridist.
it from the Spanish settlers in Central The bulbs are smooth and glabrous, much
America the name El Espiritu Santo, or Holy like those of lasve the ? parent, but thicker
Ghost plant. It is a native of Panama, in proportion ; the leaves are long and
whence it was first communicated in 1826 by narrow, also more like those of the seed
Mr. Barnard, a Peruvian merchant, to Mr. bearer.
Harrison, of Liverpool, in whose hothouse it Spike 22 inches long, divided by strong
flowered for the first time in 183 i. three-quarter inch bracts into nodal lengths,
The comparatively immense pseudo-bulbs those at the base being 2 inches long,
carry leaves of 3 feet or more in height the ; gradually reducing, the one at the apex being
strong erect flower-spikes often 5 feet high, but half an inch. Flowers 8, in form
the individual wax-Hke blooms being nearly extremely like laeve, but entirely light

3 inches in diameter and very fragrant, the venetian-red, slightly darker at edges and
only colour being some purple spotting on the tips. The lip alone varies in colour, being a
side lobes of the labellum. The flowers are light yellow, tinted at edges with rose ; it is

produced during the months of July, August intermediate in form, the column short and
and September, and last a long time in similarly tinted, having the stigma almost
perfection. divided into two parts by a projection of the
Messrs. Veitch and Sons give the following ridge under the caudicle of the pollinia.
cultural directions: — Peristeria elata is A remarkable feature is a thread-like
usually potted early in spring in a compost filament on the back of the base of the lower
of two-thirds well-rotted turfy loam and sepals ; on two flowers there are two, on
one-third fibrous peat or other fibre, with the three only one. The flowers were crossed
addition of some thoroughly decomposed cow May 2r)th, 1907, but the first plant did not
manure. Ample drainage should be secured flower until June dc B.Crawshay,
2f)th, IQI S.-

by broken crocks to about half the depth of Roscficld, Sevcnoaks, July 22nd, igiS-
Sfptfinhcr, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORIJ). 277

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM. Odontoglossum crispum is most abundant

m the mountainous regions of the South

ONCE again the journal of Horlkiilliirc

has encouraged the practical Orchid
American Andt^s, between Bogota and Ocana,
at an altitude varying from S.ckk) feet to
grower, this time by reserving one of 9,000 feet it is a humid, temperate region,
;

its well-known monthly competitions for the with a mean annual temperature of a little
best essay on Odontoglossum crispum. over 55 degrees for the higher elevation and
Judging by the numerous essays submitted, ()<^ degrees for the lower. The difference
this enterprising Journal circulates m many between the maximum and minimum tempera-
a garden of importance where Orchids form ture is sometimes very great, the thermometer
an indispensable feature. in the heat of day often rising to go degrees

The final adjudication was entrusted to and falling at night to 40 degrees. From this

Mr. Gurney Wilson, who awarded the First fact may be deduced the importance, first, of
Prize to Mr. W. E. Dadson, Hookfield a low night temperature, and, second, that an
Gardens, Epsom, and the Second to Mr. occasional high temperature in summer need
A. Moody, 28, Drake Street, Enfield.
R. not cause anxiety if the house is carefully
The former receives a Gold Medal and the shaded and ventilated, and the atmosphere is

Journal oj Horticulture post free for one kept moist.

year, while the latter obtains a Silver Medal, Considering the immense quantity of plants
to which we have pleasure in adding a of Odontoglossum crispum that have been
monthly copy of the ORCHID WORLD for a imported during the past thirty years, and the
year. large number still to be obtained, there is
By courtesy of Mr. Horace J. Wright, sound evidence that this species perpetuates
Editor of the Journal of Horticulture, we itself by seeds very freely in its native home.

have pleasure m publishing extracts from When carefully saved seeds are sown under
three of the essays. the artificial conditions of cultivating adopted
in this and other countries, however, the result
Mr. W. E. Dadson's Essay. is very disappointing, for despite every
The cultivation of Orchids is no longer the attention only an exceedingly small propor-
exclusive privilege of the few, now that the tion germinates satisfactorily. Exactly why
cultural requirements are better understood. this IS the case has never been discovered,
This has arisen chiefly from three causes :
notwithstanding the fact that seeds of hybrid
Firstly, from the useful information imparted Odontoglossums, when sown under similar
by those who have studied the plants in their conditions, yield fairly good and encouraging
habitats secondly, from the close study and
;
results. However, with close attention,
application by means of which cultivators success sometimes achieved, and the
is

have brought the observations of travellers to cultivator is then well rewarded and
bear in a practical manner on the culture of encouraged to continue his or her interesting
the plants and, thirdly, from the discovery
;
work.
that many of the species require less heat and The best time to repot these plants which
less expensive appliances than were once require it is shortly after flowering, before
thought indispensable. new roots are formed. It is a grave error to
While the culture of Orchids demands injure the roots by the process of trans-
forethought and careful attention to details planting to larger pots while they are active.
m respect of watering, resting, cleaning, The pots must be clean and well drained,
temperature, shade, and ventilation, common- being about half-filled with crocks. For
sense enters largely into their treatment, and potting material use equal parts of fibrous
those who apply it will find Orchid cultivation peat and sphagnum moss, with no admixture.
as devoid of difficulties as the management After potting shade house judiciously
the
of any other garden plant. during bright weather, and keep the
 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 1915.

atmosphere closer for a short time ; water just before the plants come into bloom and
with great caution until the roots have freely after repotting.
entered the material, when the supply can be
increased as required ; but a saturated Mr. a. R. Moody's Essay.
condition must be avoided always as it causes
a sour compost, in which no plant delights. This charming Orchid, well known to many
Soft water, whenever obtainable, should be under its synonym O. Alexandrae, is
preferred both for root application and undoubtedly first among the cool-house
spraying, and it should be as nearly as section of orchidaceous plants. A tempera-
possible of the same temperature as the ture ranging from 45 degrees to 61; degrees
house ;
cold, hard water is liable to cause the suits it admirably, but better results may be
young lea\'esassume a rusty-brown
to achieved with a minimum of 50 degrees.
appearance and to check the young growths. The type, judging from accounts, appears to
As these plants continue their growth right have been pure white with golden spots on
through the winter watering must be the lip, but imported pieces provide various

carefully attended to, and although a forms and shades. In recent years many very
minimum temperature of 50 degrees should fine varieties have been introduced in
be aimed at, no real damage will occur if the importations, and superb variations, with the
thermometer falls to 45 degrees. On very petals and sepals so heavily spotted and
cold nights an excellent plan is to cover the blotched with purple as to almost exclude
glass with mats, and when the blinds are in the typical whiteness, have been produced by
use they may be let down as additional skilled raisers at home. The essential points
protection. Excessive fire-heat is never good are fulness of form, regularity and depth of
for plants, so every means must be taken of colour of blotches or markings, or pure white
preventing a loss of heat from the house, and combined with good shape. Imported pieces
thus reducing the need for highly-heated of the type known as " Old Pacho " usually
pipes. furnish better varieties than others.
As weather improves air must be
the Upon receipt imported plants must be
admitted on all favourable occasions, and the looked over most carefully and all dead and
plants frequently damped down as the decaying matter removed. It is an excellent
weather permits. When spikes are devel- plan to dip them in a solution of insecticide
oping the plants should be carefully inspected to destroy any insect pests which may be
every day for slugs and snails, which are lurking in obscure and hidden places. They
particularly fond of them. As the flowers should then be stood upright in pots or boxes
expand shade is very essential, and all the and sphagnum moss,
partly filled with crocks
ventilators should also be opened on bright m a temperature from 50 degrees to
of
warm days, so that the house may be kept as 60 degrees, shaded and lightly sprayed to
cool as possible. encourage the dormant " eyes " to start into
Scale is rarely found on O. crispum, these growth, immediately after which they should
cool-house plants being favourite hosts for be placed in pots just large enough to
thrips, which cause much damage to the accommodate them properly.
flower-spikes and disfigure the new growths. A good potting medium consists of two
Fumigation is generally effectual, care being parts of well pulled and chopped Osmunda
taken that water is not lodging in the fibre, one part of Ai fibre, and one part of

growths, or it may prove

harbour for the a perfectly cleaned, cut-up sphagnum moss,
thrips until the fumes have passed away, with a little charcoal and some broken,
when they will march forth once again on half-decayed oak leaves. The components
their work of destruction. It is advisable to must be thoroughly mixed and damped prior
sponge the leaves once or twice a year with to using. Peat still finds favour with many
some safe insecticide. The best times are successful growers. It should be of a very
September, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 279

fibrous nature, well broken up to remove too, have as much light as possible short of
the dust, and incorporated with chopped exposing them to very bright sunshine. This
sphagnum and broken charcoal at the rate of treatment will go far to induce that plump,
two parts of peat to one part of moss and firm appearance of pseudo-bulbs and leaves
charcoal. which bespeaks fine, strong flower-spikes.
The [lots should be two-thu'ds filled with Blinds are particularly useful at this stage, as
clean crocks, with a covering of sphagnum to shading can then be used when absolutely
keep the drainage open then add the ; necessary the possessor of such an important
;

compost fairly firmly. The plant ought to be
so placed that the new growth is as nearly as
possible in the centre of the pot
or fine copper-wire pegs should be used to
hold it in position until established.
the operation completed the base of the
is
pseudo-bulbs must be slightly bedded in the
potting mixture, which ought to be about
level with the rim of the pot in the centre
and desirable accessory has a great advantage
over his less favoured confrere who has to
; small sticks have either all shade or none.
Small or half-formed pseudo-bulbs should
When not be allowed to carry large spikes, if they
form them, and it is advisable to reduce the
buds to about three or four in some cases,
while total removal should be the rule in the
and case of very weak growths even with strong ;

half an inch below it at the edge. A few growths the spike ought to be cut as soon as
pieces of live sphagnum should then be the plant shows signs of shrivelling.
inserted in the surface, as when in growth it
helps to keep the material sweet, adds to the Mr. J. W. Forsyth's Essay.
neatness of appearance, and acts as a guide
ill watering. Rain water, when obtainable, The following useful information is

should be exclusively used. extracted from an essay contributed by Mr.

After potting stand the plants m a cool, J. W. Forsyth, The Gardens, Markyate Celt,
shaded position in the house and damp near Dunstable.
between the pots to maintain a moist Opinions differ greatly as to the compost.
atmosphere. An occasional light syringing At one period quite a craze existed to pot the
of the surface of the compost and the plants plants in leaf-soil, peat and sand, which,
themselves on sunny days will be all the needless to say, meant disaster. I find
watering required until root action becomes the following material excellent and can
vigorous. The most scrupulous care must be recommend it with every confidence. Mix
exercised that no moisture remains in the thoroughly two and a half parts each of
young growths, during cold and
especially polypodium fibre and best quality fibrous
damp weather, or they will almost certainly peat, remove the sticks, chop, and remove the
damp off. Air must be admitted on all dust by means of a sieve four parts chopped ;

favourable occasions during mild weather to sphagnum moss, one part oak leaves (dry).
encourage firm foliage and pseudo-bulbs. The oak leaves should be gathered by hand
For this purpose bottom ventilators are in the autumn and stored in an airy place to
preferable to those in the roof, because the dry when required they should be rubbed
;

too frequent use of the latter permits the through a half-inch sieve. Add also a good
escape of the essential atmospheric moisture. sprinkling of coarse silver sand, some small
The growing period extends from about July crocks and charcoal.
to March, and liberal supplies of water must September is the best time to re-pot, for
be given as required, which, during fine then the plants commence to make new roots.
weather, may often be daily. Do not delay potting until the roots are too
When the plants are finishing their growths long, or much damage will occur. The best
the primary aim must be to ensure perfect method of potting is to use a sharp-pointed
ripening, and to that end air ought to be bamboo stick, about 7 inches long ; avoid
admitted freely yet with judgment let them, ; pressing the compost downwards with the
28o THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 191 5.

fingers, but press ittowards the plant with

tlie pottmg-stick, and pot moderatel)' soft,
witli the aim of keeping the compost open.
Finish by top dressing with freshly gathered
sphagnum moss, which greatly encourages
root action. The pots should be clean and
well laid with crocks, upon which a few peat
rootsmay be placed. Do not make the
common mistake of using too large a pot, err
rather on the small side.
Speaking generally, damping down should OnciJium Cavendishianum.
be carried out two or three times a da\-.
Spra\ ing the plants will also pro\"e beneficial.
In ventilating the house alwa\-s start with the ONCIDIUM CAVENDISHIANUM.
bottom and when the temperature
ventilators,
increases the top ones may be used a
draughty condition must be carefully avoided.
;

THISUre Skinner
was plant discovered by Mr.
neighbourhood of
in the
G.

Keep the temperature as near 55 degrees as the city of Guatemala, and was one
possible. To have a free circulation of air of the first Orchids sent to England by this
round the pots do not overcrowd, and always collector, it being included in a consignment
stage the plants with the young growths received by ]Mr. Bateman at Kn)-persley in
facing the light. It is also advantageous to 1835. A few years later plants were sent by
raise the plants on what is called a dummy Mr. Parkinson, the British Consul in Mexico,
stage, thereby ensuring a circulation of air to the Woburn collection, where one of them
round the lx)ttom of the pots, which assists in flowered in 1841, and from that time to the
keeping the compost sweet. present frequent mention is made of it in the
horticultural periodicals. It was collected by
Roezl 1875 near Colima, in the Alexican
in
provinces of ]\Iichoacan, thus indicating that
spread over considerable area in the
PLATYCLINIS GLUMACEA. it is a
neighbourhood of the Pacific coast.
Illustration on page 282. O. Cavendishianum is one of a small group
distinguished by the absence of pseudo-bulbs
ALTHOL'Gil the individual flowers are and by their large, thick leathery leaves. It
small, the immense number produced was named by Mr. Bateman in compliment to
on a single spike renders this species the then Duke of Devonshire, the most
particularly useful, for when well grown man)- munificent patron of horticulture of his
spikes are borne. An intermediate house will time, and under whom Sir Joseph Paxton
suit it and large pans will be found
admirabl)-, commenced the modern system of Orchid
more deep pots. The yellowish-
suitable than culture at Chatsworth. Its usual flowering
wlutc flowers, usually borne in March and season is April and May. The strong spikes
April, emit a most delightful fragrance, which are from 2-3 feet high, terminating in a
is noticeable at some distance from the plant. many-flowered panicle. The fragrant flowers
This graceful evergreen species was are about h inches 111 diameter
i sepals and ;

discovered by Cumings in the Philippine petals sometimes wholly )-ellow, sometimes

Islands, and was sent by him to Messrs. }-ellow-green spotted with red ; the labellum
Loddiges, in w^hose nursery it flowered for the bright yellow ; column wmgs yellow spotted
first time in 1841. The variety valida is with red. It succeeds well in an inter-
distinguished by having much broader leaves; mediate house, and requires plenty of
it is also spring-flowering and sweetly scented. atmospheric moisture.
September, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 281
Plalyclinis glumacea.

See page 280.

 : :

September, 1915.] THK ORCHID WORLD. 283

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL Lawrenceana longissima, with a spike of q

flowers.
SOCIETY. Gurney Fowler, Esq., exhibited Cattleya
J.
Miss Louisa Fowler, with a splendid spike of
August 4th, 191 5.
large flowers C. Warscewiczii saturata, in
;

Members of the Orchid Committee present which the two yellow blotches usually seen in
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. the throat are absent and several excellent
;

Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec), Gurney Wilson, W. Laelio-Cattleyas.

Bolton, R. Brooman-White, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards
Thwaites, J. Charlesworth, F. Sander, A. Dye, Heath, were awarded a Silver Banksian
S. W. Flory and J. Wilson Potter. Medal for an interesting group of Odonto-
glossum hybrids and Odontiodas, also

First-class Certificate. Cypripedium Rossettii, the attractive Paphinia

cristata, Catasetum macrocarpum, Lycaste
Balliae, Cattleya aurea and C. Gaskelliana
Cattleya Sibyl var. Scintillant (aurea x
alba.
iridescens), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.,
Messrs. Sander
and Sons, .St. Albans,
—
Brackenhurst, Pembury. A very beautiful
secured a Banksian Medal for an
Silver
result, in which the sepals and petals are of
exhibit containing Anguloas Cliftonii, uniflora
an uncommon rose-crimson tint, the base
and eburnea, the elegant Coelogyne Mooreana,
and isthmus of the lip deep orange, and the
Miltonioda Cooperi, the curious Maxillaria
broad lip ruby-red. The spike carried 3
luteo-alba and La?lio-Cattleya Radium. In
flowers.
the was a fine specimen
centre of L.-C.
wisetonensis (C. Warneri x L.-C. callisto-
Awards of Merit.
glossa).
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
Laelio-Cattleya Thyone Fowler's var.
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a
(L.-C. Ophir X C. aurea), from J. Gurney neat group, in which were Rhynchostylis
Fowler, Esq. —A large flower with the retusa, the rare brides maculosum Schroderi,
segments of greenish-golden-yellow, the
a good example of Oncidium Gardneri, Vanda
labellum crimson-red, the throat lined with coerulea, several Odontiodas, Cattleya aurea,
gold. Raised by Mr. Francis Wellesley. the elegant MiltoniaQueen Alexandra and a
Cattleya Harold Fowler's var. (Gaskel-
fine form of Phalaenopsis amabilis.
liana alba x Warscewiczii var. Frau Melanie
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged
Beyrodt), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. The — Odontoglossum cerissimum (Ceres x ardentis-
large flowers with pure white sepals and
simum), with a spike of rose-tinted flowers
petals, the broad lip freckled with bright
spotted with red-brown ; also Od. Meredithiae
violet-purple.
(Rossii x venustulum), with prettily marked
flowers.
Other Exhibits.
August 17th, 191 5.

E. G. Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, Addle- Members Orchid Committee present

of the
stone, exhibited Laelio-Cattleya Maqueda Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir
Woburn Place var. (L.-C. Geo. Woodhams x Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O'Brien
C. Lord Rothschild), with a spike of two (hon. sec), Gurney Wilson, Wm. Bolton,
rose-purple flowers, the large labellum of rich Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, J. Charlesworth,
crimson-purple. T. Armstrong, C. H. Curtis, A. Dye, R. A.
H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, showed two Rolfe, S. W. Flory, W. P. Bound, W. H.
well-flowered plants of Cattleya Warscewiczii White, W. Cobb, W. H. Hatcher and J. E.
var. Frau Melanie Beyrodt, and Brassia Shill.
 —A

284 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 1915.

First-class Certificates. for an interesting group containing the pretty

Paphinia cristata, Oncidioda Charlesworthii,
several choice varieties of Odontoglossum
Odontonia Charlesworthii Fowler's var. (O.
crispum xanthotes, Cattleya O'Brieniana alba,
Uro-Skinneri x M. vexillaria), from J. Gurney
C. Gaskelliana alba, Odontiodas, of which
Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury. — Brewii was the best, and Laelio-Cattleya
very beautiful hybrid, fully described and
Colmaniana.
illustrated in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV.,
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst,
p. 2SI. In this variety, the second plant to
Pembury, obtained a Silver Flora Medal for
flower, the rose-purple on the labellum is
an exhibit of choice hybrids, several of which
inclined to be broken up, while the individual
obtained awards. Others included Laelio-
blooms are larger. The plant carried a spike
CattleyaRhenus (C. aurea x L.-C. Geo.
of 6 flowers.
Woodhams), of dark purple colour L.-C. ;

Cattleya Hardyana His Majesty, from

eximia delicatissima, with a spike of 4 large
Messrs. .Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook.
flowers, the large lip distinctly marked a ;

One of the finest varieties yet seen of this

pretty variety of Cattleya Lord Rothschild
elegant hybrid between aurea and Warsce-
and Brassia Lawrenceana.
wiczii. The large flowers had sepals of fine
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans,
substance and very wide, the broad labellum
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for an
richly coloured with intense purple.
exhibit of numerous species and hybrids.
Odontoglossum President Poincare, from
Included in it were Cattleya rubescens (labiata
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. A magnificent — X dolosa), C. Ella, the elegant Coelogyne
flower in which the very round and
Mooreana, Vanda teres, Anguloa eburnea,
large segments are of rose-purple colour,
the curious Ornithocephalus fuscus, Bulbo-
the labellum well developed. Parentage
phyllum densiflorum, B. barbigerum and
unrecorded.
Brassia Forgetiana.
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook,
Awards of Merit. exhibited brides Fieldingii, Cattleya
Hardyana, with a spike of 5 flowers, richly
coloured varieties of Cattleya Whitei and
Cattleya Drapsiana vinosa (aurea x Mrs.
Minucia as well as Odontoglossum nebulosum.
Pitt), from J.
Gurney Fowler, Esq. — The thick Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park,
flowers of an unusually rich and dark purple
Bucks, showed Cypripedium Transvaal
colour, the crimped labellum having the inner
(Chamberlainianum x Rothschildianum).
part of old gold. A valuable acquisition.
Mrs. Bischoffsheim, The Warren House,
Cattleya Sybil var. rotundobehum, from J.
Stanmore, exhibited Laelio-Cattleya Rubens
Gurney Fowler, Esq. — An unusually fine
(pumila X Hardyana), a very large flower of
variety of this hybrid between aurea and
rich rose-purple colour.
iridescens (bicolor x Eldorado), the round
C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court,
labellum of dull rose-crimson.
Horsham, Cypripedium Warnham
staged
Laelio-Cattleya Golden Queen, from Messrs.
Fairy, a pleasing hybrid between Fairrieanum
Flory and Black, .Slough. — An attractive
and Clinkaberryanum.
flower of apricot colour, the sepals and petals
Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate,
broad, the labellum well developed. Parentage
exhibited three very choice varieties of
unrecorded.
Cattleya Sybil, with richly coloured segments.
Messrs. Flory and Black, .Slough, staged
Other Exhibits. Anguloa Cliftonii, Langley var., Odonto-
glossum Smithii, of bright deep rose colour,
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards and Brasso-Cattleya Ilene var. Goliath, a
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal large flower of rose-purple colour.
 ;;;

September, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORM).

MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY INDEX.

July 22nd, 1915. brides, 90; maculosum Schroderi, 205;
Members of the Committee present : Rev. Vandarum, 193.
Albinism, 121.
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
Albino Cattleyas, 61 ; result, i, 25.
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, A. G. Ancistrochilus Thom.sonianus, 36.
Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, An5,^ra>cum armeniacum, 241; birrimense, 8;
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, S. Swift, H. Thorp
caudatum, 2G1 ; Leonis, 176; rectum, 73.
and H. Arthur (Secretary). Anguloa Rolfei, 244, 258; Ruckeri, 12.
.\rachnanthe Cathcartii, 255.
Large Silver Medals were awarded to Col. .Arundinia subsessilis, 108.
J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, and to J. Ashtead Park, Surrey, 227.
Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey, for excellen: Assisting- Nature, 197.
groups. Back bulbs, 169.
Barkeria eleg-ans, 39 Lindleyana, 39
Other exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley, ;

Skinneri, 39.
Esq., Bury R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
;
;
Beauties of Orchids, 217.
W. R. Lee, Esq., Hey wood ; Mrs. R. le Belg^ians, assistance for, 123.
Doux, West Derby ; and Messrs. A. Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jellicoe, 57; A. J.
J.
Keeling and Sons, Bradford.
var. Pink Pearl, 93; Aquila, 80 Cliftonii ;

albens, 119; C. Fowler's var., 190; C

First-class Certificates.
Laelio-Cattleya Mrs. Harold King (L.-C.
Epicaste x L.-C. callistoglossa), a large well-
set flower of good shape and substance, Ijp
of excellent shape, deep purple.
R. le Doux.
Miltonia vexillaria Leeana, a magnificent
variety, with a spike of 8 flowers, the largest
4I inches across and 5 J inches deep. From
Sir John French, 166; C. The Globe, 226;
Dig^byano-Schrodera; .Shrubbery var., 165;
Eileen, 113; Fusilier, 113; Ida, 80; Lady
Hanbury, 57; sulphurea, 57; Vilmoriniana,
190.
Brassocattlaelia Constance, 203 ; Gordon High-
lander, 58; Seaforth Highlander, 58.
From Mrs. Brasso-Lselia Moonbeam, 80.
Broughtonia sanguinea, 177.
Bulbophyllum dichromum, 171.
Calanthe Branchii, 53, 70.
Cattleya Ajax, 46; amabilis Fowler's var., 24;
Antiope, 45 .Argosy, 204
;
Astron, 6g ;

W. R. Lee, Esq. A Silver Medal was also Beatrice, 40; Bellona, 57; Bronze King,
awarded. 41 ; Claesiana alba, 26; Clio, 80; Crates,
80; dubiosa, 204; Empress Frederick,
150; General French, 40; General Pau,
Awards of Merit. 40; General Pulteney, 80 General Smjth- ;

Dorrien, 41; Gladys, 15; Hermione, 182;

Odontoglossum Lambeauianum violaceum iridescens aurifera, 23; Katie, 15 ;
labiata,

and Lycaste Arthuriana (macrophylla x 50; Lady Rowena, 193; Ledru Rollin, 41 ;

Leopoldii alba, 2; Lieut. Holbrook, 114;

Balliae), both from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Lueddemanniana, 1 11 Maroniris, 40 ;

Nestor, 58; Olympus, 165; Orduna, 258;

Cultural Certificates. Panama, 181; Pandemus, 40; Paula,
238; Phyllis, 113; Portia, 49; Princess
Royal, 45; Pretoria, 80; Queen Bess,
First-class to Mr. Rogers, gr. to O. O.
182 Queen Elizabeth, 163 Queen of the
; ;

Wrigley, Esq., for Phalaenopsis Rimestadiana Belgians, 225; Quibo, 58; Raphael, 79;
and Lycaste tricolor albens. Rhoda Fowler's var., 45 Rosalind, 15 ; ;

Second-class to Mr. Sibyl var. Lord Kitchener, 23 Skinneri,

J. Lupton, gr. to Col. ;

58; Snowflake, 113; Sulla, 223; Tityus

J.Rutherford, for Cattleya Gaskelliana albens.
Rex, 214 Trianae alba var. Queen Eliza-
;

beth, 142 venusta, 13; Warscewiczii,

;

189.
Cattleyas, yellow, 30.
Chamberlain, Mr. Joseph, 27, 169.
Cirrhopetalum formosanum, 108; robustum,
234-
 ;; ;;

286 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 191 5.

Cochlioda vulcanica, 49. Habitats of Orchids, 127.

Coelogyne annamensis, 8; asperata, 24; cris- Hemipilia amethystina, 3.
tata, 64; pandiirata, 207; siamensis, 108; Hybrids, a new list of, 247.
Veitchii, 80. Inflorescence, evolution of, 25.
Colours of flowers, 126. lone flavescens, 108.
Cryptophoranthus atropurpureiis, 7. Java, Orchid culture in, 10 1.
Culture notes, 42, 68, 116, 269. Jules Hye de Crom, 97.
Cymbidium Alexander!, 209; A. aureum, 151 ;
Laelia ancibarina, 114; Latona, 210; pumila
A. rubellum, 177 ; Butterfly, 132 ;
Castor, alba, 46; Tendiana, 132; teneflava, 132.
131; Coningsbvanum, 118; eburneo- La?lio-Cattleya Anaconda, 204, 214 Apricosa, ;

Lowianum, 4; Carnet, 204; Hanbury- 224; Atina, 57; Attica, 57; aurata, 132;
anum, 40 Huttoni, 223
;
insijjne album, ;
Beatrice, 162; Belg^ica, 113; Britannia
172; Jasper, 204; Queen of Gatton, 113; Melanie, 46 Brutus, 40 ;
Canhamiana, ;

Schlei^-elii, Fowler's var., 143 Seamew, ;

Fowler's var., 239; Chamberlainiana, 182;
204. Coralie, 204; Cortez, 204, 210; Cortuna,
Cvpripedium abntjrinal, 193; Aisne, 114; 258; Czarina, 132; Dbmallis, 224;
Alcibiades, 148; Arras, 114; Arthurianum Eldorado, 204 elegans, 2 Emmeline,
—
; ;

Lanf^ley var., 118; Astarte, 57; bella- 258 Euryalus, 57 ; Fascinator

;
Mossiae
tulum, 124; Canopus, iSi Capt. ;
var. Imogene, 214; Firenze, 132; flammea,
Boui^uereau, 114; Cavalier, 79; Con- 162; General AHenby, 80; Goldflake, 204,
stance, 16 Chf-jstopher var. Grand Duke
; 210; Gold Star, 213; Hadrian, 204;
Nicholas, 117; Curtisii Sanderae, 237; Helius, 214; Isabel, 114; Isabel Sander,
Desdemona, 148; Dixmude, 79;
Dryad, Gatton Park var., 190 Ivanhoe, '203; ;

15; Gordon 80; Gypsy, 272;

Hij^'^hlander, Jacinth, 204; J. F. Birkbeck, Fowler's
insii^ne, 65, 87, 148; i. Gladys, 765 lo, var., 188; Jonyra, 132; Lady Oliphant,
16; Jason, 114; Julia, 114; Marne, 114; 46 ;
Leda, 258 Miss Dorothy Bushell,
;

Maudiae, 146; ISIaurice, 151; Merope, 57 ; Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, 45 Mrs. Harold ;

178; Monte, 114; Nieuport, 1 13 Nirvina, ;

King-, 272 ; Neleus var. Sunspot, 69
6g CEnanthum (iinoti, 242; pictum, 15;
; Nena, 189, 204; Nestor, 58; Nimrod, 204;
Pyramus Chardwar Ideal, 117; Rheims, Nysiata, 58; Orpheus, 113; Pallas, 14;
114; Rosemary, 113; Ruby Queen, 79; Panama, 181 Patheus, 41 Paruda, 41
; ; ;

Seaforth Hit^hlander, 113; Sinbad, 223; Pirus, 40; primulina, 80; Priola, 40;
Stonei, 19; swintonense, 162; Warnham Probus, 40; Promethus, 181; Pronax,
Fairy, 272 Ypres, 79.
; 40; Pylos, 40; Queen Elizabeth, 113;
Davidson Cup, 207. Raphael, 57 ; Rhenus, 80 Robertsoniae, ;

Day's Orchid Drawings, 182. 131; Rog-er Sander, 224; Sibyl, Low's
Dendrobium Bensoniae, 58 Buttercup, 162 ;
var., 213; Sir Douglas Haig, 80, 94;
Butterfly, 162; crepidatum album, 216; Sylph, 272 Stelis, 40; Transylvania, 213
; ;

crassinode, 44; dixanthum, 215; Farmeri, Teucra, 224; Tydeus, 132; Thyone,
275 Miss Florence E. King^, 162 nobile
; ; McBean's var., 23; Uranus, 79; \'ul-
album, 145 notes, 251; speciosum, 106;
;
canus, 80; Yellow Bird, 181.
thyrsiflorum, 272 Tofftii, 53 triumph,
; ;
Leptotes bicolor, 177.
41, 119; Williamsianum, 217; Wellesley, Lig^ht, effect of, on seedlings, 97 relation of, ;

193 Yellow Bird, 162 ; Zeno, 182.

; to greenhouse culture, 20.
Dendrobiums at Pembury, 152. Lycaste aromatica, 170; Arthuriana, 272;
Dichaes from Costa Rica, 49. Janetae, 166.
Disa Blackii, 214; nig'erica, 8. Manchester Orchid Society, 24, 47, 71, 95,
Doug-las' Journal, 121. 120, 144,214, 240, 264, 285.
167, 191,
Early Notes, 19. Masdevallia bella, 184; ignea, 218; muscosa,
Early reminiscences of Orchid t^frowinj^f, 136, 3; racemosa, 259; Schlimii, 216.
151- Maxillaria Fletcheriana, 8; luteo-alba, 177;
Epidendrum Clarissa, 85 elejij-antulum, 85;
Sanderiana, 134.
Endresii, 84; fraijrocarpum, 258; Wallisii, Microstylis Andersonii, 7.
82 ;
xanthinum, 98. Miltonia Hyeae, 145; Hyeana var. F. M.
Eria pannea, 244. Og-ilvie, 213; Warscewiczii, 122.
198,
Exchangie, an Orchid, 125. Miltonioda Harwoodii, 231.
Fungous, 74. Nomenclature, 197.
Galeandra Devoniana, 5. Notes, I, 25, 49, 73, 97, 121, 145, 169, 193,
Gatton Park, Surrey, 154. 217, 241, 265.
Giant Orchid, 76. Obituary Louis Forget, 266
:
J. C. Harvey, ;

Grammatophyllum speciosum, 76. III; G. Hunter, 198; W. B. Latham, 74.

Habenaria Susannse, 10. Odontioda Chantecleer, 243 Cereus, 252 ;
 ;

September, 1915.] THK ORCHID WORLD. 287

Clarissa, 258; Colmaniae, 204, 213; 185; macranthum, 114; Marshallianum,

crispilia, 15; Kdith Hodgson, 258; 215; McBeanianum, 202; micr<x:hilum,
(Iladys, 163, 173; Clrand Monarch, 210; 170; patulum, 125; phymatochilum, 194;
H. Worsley, 223; illustris, 210; Irene, porrigens, 28; sarcodes, 187; splendidum,
211; Lady Colman, 163; la-vetzliana, 88; supcrbiens, 114; varicosum, 26, 51.
276; Lambeauiana var. Nellie, 214; Orchids at Berkeley, California, 248; Bound
Latona, Fowler's var., 99; Madeline var. Brook, U.S.A., Camdeni ; Park,
sola, 16; Mancunia, 181 Nebula, 181;
; Tunbridg^e W
ells, 2o() Chelsea, 199; ;

Nirvana, 272 Patricia,

; 143 Princess
; Cheltenham, 86; Putney, 23(1; Rochester,
Mary, 221; Redwinji^, 258; Red Cross, U.S.A., 122; of Shikotan, 25; Mamaro-
239, 258 ; Ruth G. Worsley, 162 ; Simone, neck, U.S.A., 128; The Nook, Maidstone,
131 ;
Sultan, 163; Sunbeam, 204, 223; 54 Tunbridge Wells, 33 Walton Grange,
; ;

The Prince, 258 Vivid, 132 ; vivicans,

;

204; West Point Beauty, 162 ; Ypres, 204. Ornithocephalus grandiflorus, 123.
Odontoglossum Admiral, 163; Adrieum, 181; Paintings, historic, 196.
Adrixia, 175; y\j^laon, Orchidhurst var., Panama Exhibition, 188.
213 ;
Alhambra, 29; Amethyst, 271 ; Parthenogenesis, 265.
Amonilla, 35; Ariel, 163; ardentissimum, Peloria, 241.
178; Ardennes, 182; aspersum, 150 Peristeria elata, 276.
Atropos, 153; Beatrice, 203; cerissimum, Phala?nopsis Sehilleriana, 3 ; sumatrana alba,
272; Cervantesii decorum, 100 cirrhosum,
; 146.
2og; citrosmum, 105; Clotho, 108; Platyclinis glumacea, 280.
Clotilde, 204; Clovis, 182; crispum, 277; Plea for more Orchid growing", 53, 78, 104, 127.
c. Constance, 100; c. Irene, 224; Pleiones, 102.
c. lilacinum, 77; c. Millie, 52, 70; Pleurothallis Lankesteri, 7.
c. Perfect Gem, 238 ; c. Shuttleworthii, Polystachya Hislopii, 108.
99; c. The Baroness, 250; c. Queen oi Renanthera pulchella, 8.
the Belg'ians, 195, 214; crispillia, 85 ; Retarding Orchids, 112.
crispothell, 152; Cunnynham, 58; Dora, Rhynchostylis coelestis, 219.
270; Dunkerque, 132; Edwardimium, Royal Horticultural Society, 23, 45, 69, 93,
126, 163 ; Evelyn, 258 eximium King" of
;
117, 142, 165, 188, 211, 214, 237,261,283.
the Belg'ians, 267; e. xanthotes, 118; R.H.S. Awards, 175, 265; exhibitions, 171,
exoelator, 152; Facisolon, 223; Farnesii, 197.
163; Glyoon, 56; grande, 50; Georgius Saccolabium bellinum, 131.
Rex, 244; Hannibal, 56; harvengtense, Salep, 2.
150; Harwoodii, 198; Herculaneum, 150; Saroochilus Berkeleyi, 147 ;
Fitzgeraldi, 147.
Hunnewellianum citrinum, 172 lago, ; Sarcopodium suberectum, 7.
177; illustrissimum, 271 Irene,
; 69; Schomburgkia tibicinis, 29.
Insleayi, 169; Lachesis, 153; Laurence Scuticaria Steelei, 36.
Bresson, 182; Leviathan, 189; Lobbiae, Seed raising for amateurs, 139, 163.
265; maculum, 162; Mars, 188; Menier Seventy years ago, 218.
var. St. Vincent, 238; Messalina, 11 1; Sophro-Cattleya Andromeda, 132; Annette,
Milan, 258; Mirabeau, 75; mirum, 179; 80; Ariadne, 41 Dorea, 114; Loddigesii,
;

najvium, 177; naevross, 113; Nancy, 181; 182; November, 58, 70; Pearl, 58.
Oerstedii, 171; Othmarschen, i86j Sophrocattlaelia Rienzi, 204; Sunloch, 150.
Panama, 181; Phillipsianum, 182; Sophro-Laelia Felicia, Fowler's var., 69.
Primulinum, 131 Princess Mary, 213,
;
Spiranthes autumnalis, i.
237; promerens album, 194; Rayonatum, Staging, 205, 218, 219, 242.
182; Roma, 56; Rosalind, 204; St. Eloi, Stanhopea saccata, 52 ;
tigrina, 241.
181 sandhurstiense, 143; Syrinx, 172;
; Stanhopeas, 103.
triumphans, 232; Uro-excellens, 41; Stenoglottis longifolia, 74.
Vulture, 114; Wallisii, 176; Wilchello, Stray seedlings, 146.
258; wylamense, 258; Ypres, 113; Thermometers, 44.
Zygus, 56. Thunias, 252.
Odontonia Cholletii, 71; Kaffir Queen, 272 ; Vanda cristata, 173; Denisoniana, 177;
Magali Sander var. xanthotes, 46, 49. Hookeriana, 8 Parishii, 252 Roxburghii,
; j

Oncidioda Cooksonise, 178; waltonensis, 162. 217 Sanderiana, 52, 201 teres, 134.
; ;

Oncidium anthrooene, 200; Ballii, 2; Caven- Watering, art of, 256.

dishianum, 280; oorynephorum, 268; White, medal of honour, 28.
excavatum, 275 flexuosum, 15 ; Gardneri,
;
Yellow Cattleyas, 30; Orchids, 121.
1783 Leopoldianum, 268; Kramerianum, Zygopetalum Blackii, 41 ; Prainianum, 108.
 ;

288 THE ORCHID WORLD. [September, 191 5.

ILLUSTRATIONS. 218; racemosa, 259; Schlimii, 216;

Veitchiana, 21.
brides virens, 92. Maxillaria Sanderiana, 133.
Ancistrochilus Thomsonianus, 37. Mikonioda Harwoodii, 231.
AngTjecum caudaitum, 260. Odontioda Bradshawiae " Gatton Park var.,"
Ani^Liloa Ruckeri, 12. 159; B. "Lady Colman," 156; Chante-
Arachnanthc Cathcartii, 254. cleer "Orchidhurst var.," 243 Cooksoniaj ;

Ashtead Park, Surrey, 227. " Fowler's var.," 243; gattoniensis, 161 ;

Barkeria eleg^ans, Lindleyanum, 39; Gladys, 1733 Latona "Fowler's var.," 99;
39;
Skinneri, 39. Princess Mary, 221 ; Zenobia, 174.
Bouquet of Orchids, log. Odontoglossum Amethyst, 271; Canary, 230;
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii "The Globe," 226. cirrhosum, 2093 citrosmum, 105, 106;
Cattleya labiata 8-flowered spike, 50 Luedde- ;
crispum, 281; c. Black Knight, 228;
manniana Stanleyi, 110 Magg^ie Raphael
;
c. Constance, 100; c. Olive, 196; c.
alba, 34; Mossia? at Berkeley, California, Queen of the Belgians, 1953 c. The
249 Queen of the Belgians, 225 Skinneri,
; ;
Baroness, 250; Dora, 270; eximium King
59j Triange "Lord Kitchener," 130; O'f the Belgians, 267 ; Georgius Rex,
Warscevviczii " Frau Melanie Beyrodt," 244; harvengtense Crawshayanum, 233;
180. Harwoodii, 198; Herculaneum, 150 illus- ;

Cattleyas at Mamaroneck, N.J., U.S.A., 129. trissimum, 271 ; Lambeauianum " Harry
Cirrhopetalum robustum, 235. Goodson," 236; Mirabeau var. Mastiff,
Coelogyne cristata, 63 ; pandurata, 207 75 ; mirum The Dell var., 179 ; Mogul, 27 ;

tomentosa, 64; Veitchii, 81. Oerstedii, 171 Othmarschen, 186 trium-

; ;

Cymbidium Alexander! " Fowler's var.," 208; phans, 232; Queen of Gatton, 158.
eburneo-Lowianum, 4 Huttonii,
;
222 ;
Oncid'ium Cavendishianum), 280 coryne- ;

Tracyanum, 22. phorum, 269; excavatum, 275; Leo-

Cypripedium bellatulum, 124; Constance var. poldianum, 268; Kramerianum, 185;
James H. Veitch, 17; Desdemona macranthum, 115, 203; Marshallianum,
" Haddon House var.," 149 Godefroyae ; 215 McBeanianum, 202; phymatochilum,
;

leucochilum Hodgkinsoni, 28 hirsutis- ; 194; sarcodes, 187; splendidum, 89;

simum, 67 lo, 173 seedlings, 140, 141
; ;
superbiens, 203 varicosum, 51.
;

Stonei platyta?nium, 19. Orchid collection of E. H. Andriesse, Java, loi.

Dendrobium Bensoniae, 60 bigibbum " Lady
;
Ornithooephalus grandiflorus, 123.
Colman," 157; Brymerianum, 132; Peristeria elata, 276.
crassinode, 43, 234; Farmeri, 274; Lady Phalaenopsis Schilleriana, 245; violacea, 231.
Colman, 160; seedlings, 164, 165; Platyclinis glumacea, 282.
speciosum Hillii, 107 thyrsiflorum, 273.
;
Rhynchostylis coelestis, 220.
Epidendrum elegantulum, 84; Endresii, 84; Saccolabium bellinum, 131.
Wallisii, 83; xanthinum, 98. Sarcochilus Berkeleyi, 147 ;
Fitzgeraldi, 148.
Galeandra Devoniana, 5. Scuticaria Steelei, 38.
Gatton House, 154, 155. Seed, of Cypripedium, 139 ; of Selenipedium,
Habenaria Susannse, 11.
La;lio-Cattleya luminosa "Canary," 31; Stanhopea Wardii, column and lip of, 103.
Pallas, 14; Sunstar, 32. Thermometer, 45.
Lycaste aromatica, 170; Skinneri, 246. Vanda Hookeriana, 9; Parishii Marriottiana,
Masdevallia bella, 184 Chimaera, 82 ;
;
ignea, 253 ;
Sanderiana, 52, 201 ;
teres, 135.