ES 323/MECH 03

LECTURE 2: STRESS
Engr. Harvey Elson Pilongo
 TOPIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture, the students must be
able to:
❑ define and differentiate the kinds of stresses a
body experiences: simple, shear and bearing,
❑ evaluate the properties of thin-walled cylinders
using the principles of stress, and
❑ solve problems related to stresses of materials
and thin-walled cylinder.
 STRENGTH OF MATERIAL
W
TIME TO THINK!
What will happen to a
body/object if its reaction
R3 supports cannot withstand
R1 R4
R2 the applied load, W?
 STRENGTH OF MATERIAL
W TIME TO THINK!
A body or an object in
equilibrium will not
experience any breakage
R3 and deformation because
R1 R4
R2 its reaction supports are
strong enough to
withstand the applied
load.
STRENGTH OF MATERIAL
TIME TO THINK!

When a body or an object

is subjected to different
applied forces, what is the
importance of knowing the
distribution of internal
forces?
STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

TIME TO THINK!
INTERNAL FORCES ARE
THE BASIS OF DESIGNING
A BODY/OBJECT.
 STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

Considerations in designing a body/object:

❑ The selection of proper dimensions for a
body/object.
❑ The selection of the appropriate material to be
used in the fabrication of the member.
S T R E S S
 STRESS
• the strength of a material per unit area
ASSUMPTIONS:
1. Continuous – matter is uniformly distributed
having no voids
2. Cohesive – all parts are attached together
having no breaks, cracks and gaps
 STRESS
TYPES OF STRESSES:
1. Normal Stress, σ
• the intensity of the force acting normal or
perpendicular to the area
 STRESS
TYPES OF STRESSES:
2. Shear Stress, τ
• the intensity of the force acting tangent to the
area
• the force has two shear components; Fx and Fy
Fy Fy Fy
Fx Fx Fx

Fx Fsx
Fsy

Fy
 STRESS
TYPES OF STRESSES:
3. Bearing Stress, σb
• contact stress between two different surfaces
 STRESS
UNITS

𝑁
or Pa
𝑚2
(Metric System)

𝑙𝑏
2 or psi
𝑖𝑛
(English System)
 STRESS
For axially loaded bars, the following assumptions
are to be considered:
ASSUMPTIONS:
1. Prismatic – uniform cross section all
throughout the length
2. Homogeneous – same physical and mechanical
properties all throughout the volume
3. Isotropic – same properties in all directions
 STRESS

Source: Hibbeler, 2010

 STRESS ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE:
A. Equilibrium Analysis

Rx & Ry Force, P/V

(From FBD) (Axial and Shear)
 STRESS ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE:
B. Determination of Stress
1. Normal Stress, σ 2. Shear Stress, τ

σ = P/A τ = V/A
 STRESS ANALYSIS

Shear Stress
Evaluation
1. Single shear
2. Double shear
3. Punching
shear stress

Source: Pytel & Kiusalaas, 2003

 STRESS ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE:
B. Determination of Stress
3. Bearing Stress, σb

σb = Pb/Ab

Source: Pytel & Kiusalaas, 2003

 STRESS ANALYSIS
SAINT VENANT’S PRINCIPLE “The difference
between the effects
of two different but
statically equivalent
loads becomes very
small at sufficiently
large distances from
the load.“
Source: Pytel & Kiusalaas, 2003
 STRESS ANALYSIS
FACTOR OF SAFETY

Source: UPLB ES Department, 2016

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
The truss is made from three pin-
connected members having the
cross-sectional areas shown in the
figure. When the truss is subjected
to the load shown, determine the
average normal stress developed in
members BC and AC. Also,
determine the average shear stress
and normal stress on sections a-a
and b-b. Member AB has a square Source: Hibbeler, 2010
cross-section, 1 in. on each side.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and a short link BC.
Determine the maximum magnitude P of the loads the beam will
support if the average shear stress in each pin is not to exceed 80
MPa. Also, the normal stress on link BC is limited to 150 MPa. Pins
A and B are in double shear while pin C is under single shear. The
diameter of each pin is 18mm while link BC has 15mm x 50mm
cross-section.

Source: Hibbeler, 2010