TESTCODE02107010

FORMTP2007164 MA Y/JUNE2007

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADV AN CED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY - UNIT I

Paper 01
90minutes

(23 MAY 2007 (a.m.))

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY.

I. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.

2. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered(A),(B),(C), (D). Read each item you are
about to answer and decide which choice is best.

3. On your'answer sheet, find the numberwhich corresponds to your item and shade the space having
the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below.

Sample Item

Which of the following metal atoms is present

in a haemoglobin molecule?
Sample Answer
-
(A) Calcium
(B)
(C)
Magnesium
Copper
0®©•
(D) Iron

The best answer to this item is "Iron", so answer space (D) has been blackened. -
I
4. l f you want to change your answer, be sure to erase yourold answer completely and fill in yournew
choice.
5. When you are told to begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot
answeran item, omit itand goon to the next one. You can come back to the harder item later. Your
score will be the total number of correct answers.
6. You may do any rough work in this booklet.
7. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
8. Theuseofnon-programmablecalculators is allowed.
9. This test consists of 45 items. You will have90minutes to answer them.
I0. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in
this test.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright© 2006 Caribbean Examinations Council.

All rights reserved.
021070 I O/CAPE2007 • AFFIX SEAL HERE 6
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 -2-

I. One of the roles of water in living organisms 4. .The diagram below shows the structure of
is that it acts as a transport medium in blood. a triglycride.

Which of the following properties of water H 0

accounts for this role? I II
H-C- x -c ~

0
(A) High specific heat capacity I II
(8) Strong cohesive forces between H-C- X -c ~

0
molecules I II
(C) High heat of vaporisation c- x -c ~

(0) Solvent for polar molecules and ions I

H

2. The diagram below shows a ring structure of Which of the following represents the bond
glucose. labelled X?
cu,ou
(A) -N-
J------0 I
H H H

(8) -c-
HO OH l
OH

(C) -0-
Which of the following indicates the form of (0) -c-
glucose and in which molecule it is present? lI
0
Form of Where
lucose resent
5.
(A) a Cellulose
(8) a Starch
(C) 13 Cellulose
(0) 13 starch

3. This figure below is part of a growing

polysaccharide chain.

x Polar amino
The name of the bond labelled Xis acid
Which of the following correctly names the
(A) glycosidic type of bond represented by the broken line
(8) peptide (---) in the diagram above?
(C) hydrogen
(0) di ester (A) Ionic bond
(B) Hydrogen bond
(C) Hydrophobic bond
(D) Disulphidebond
r!r\ r\1'1.r T A 'T'LIC 1'1.ICV'T' 0 A r!C
 -3-
6. Food tests were carried out on four different solutions.

Which of the following combinations shows the solutions that contained.

only starch and sucrose?

Solution Biuret Acid Hydrolysis Iodine in Benedict's

Test then Benedict's Potassium
Test Iodine

(A)
(B)
..x .
.,
x
.,
x
x
(C) .. x
.,..
(D) x x ..
x

Key x =negative result

"'=positive result

7. The following is an electron micrograph of a section ofan animal cell.

IV

II

Ill

(from Advanced Biology - Roberts, p. 44)

Which of the structures labelled I, II, III and IV is concerned with protein
synthesis?

(A)
(B) II
(C) lII
(D) IV

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

(V'11 l\""1(\ 1 I\ Ir" A T'fr.' "I ('l./V''7
 -4-
8. Which of the following is NOT a function of 9. Which of the following, labelled I to IV, gives
the Golgi apparatus? the correct site where xylem tissue is found
in a dioty ledonous stem?
(A) Lipid synthesis
(B) Manufacture oflysosomes
(C) Packaging of glycoproteins
(D) Membrane formation
--~--1----111

[..*---r--~1v

(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV

Item IO refers to the following figure which shows four types of tissue in cross section.

M N 0 p

10. Which of the following combinations

correctly identifies the phloem and xylem
tissues?

Phloem Xvlem
(A) M N
(B) N 0
(C) 0 p
(D) p M

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

 - 5-

11. Which of the following cells is represented 13. Four identical samples of plant tissue are
by the diagram below? placed in four different solutions. Each
sample of plant tissue has.. a water potential
of 800 kPa. In which solution would full
plasmolysis occur within the tissue?

The solution of

(A) - 300 kPa

(B) - 500 kPa
(C) - 800 kPa
(D) -llOOkPa

14. Which of the following pairs of statements

(A) Neurone explains the mode of action of enzymes?
(B). Plant cell
(C) Bacterium I. They are globular proteins and as a
(D) Sperm result are soluble.
IL They bond to the substrate molecules
at their active sites.
12. Which of the following identifies the III. They break down substrate
structure represented by X in the diagram molecules into products.
below? IV. They lower the activation energy for
the reaction.

(A) I and II only

(B) II and III only
(C) II and IV on! y
(D) III and IV only

(A) Channel protein

(B) Cholesterol
(C) Glycoprotein
(D) Extrinsic protein

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

 -6-
Item 15 refers to the diagram below which represents the activation energy for an enzyme-catalysed
and an uncatalysed reaction.

.r---...--------- -----------------

II III

Reactants
Energy

~~~~~~-------- ---

Progress of reaction (time)

15. The activation energy for an enzyme-catalysed

reaction is represented by the region labelled

(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV

16. The graph below shows the time course of the

activity of the enzyme sucrase at various
temperatures.

60°C
Quantity
of product 37° C
formed

10°C
Time/min 60

At which of the following temperatures does the

enzyme work at the FASTEST rate?

(A) 10 'C
(B) 25 'C
(C) 37 'C
(D) 60 'C

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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Item 17 refers to the diagram below which 19. The amino-acid sequence leucine-lysine-valine
shows a typical portion ofthe DNA molecule occurs in a portion of a polypeptide molecule.
ofthe chromosome. The table below shows the DNA codes for
these amino-acids.
Width2mm
Leu cine Lvsine Valine
GAA TTT CAA

Transfer RNA molecules with anticodons

needed for the synthesis of this polypeptide
are

(A) GAA TTT CAA

(B) GAA UUU CAA
(C) cuu AAA GUU
(D) cuu UUU GUU

20. One structure that may be observed in

animal cells during mitosis but is NOT seen
in plant cells is

(A) spindle fibres

(B) centromeres
(C) centrioles
(D) chromatids

21. Which of the following statements correctly

17. Which of the following is NOT represented
describes homologous chromosomes?
by the region labelled X?
I. They are the same length.
(A) Hydrogen bonds between base pairs
II. They are held together by
(B) Two anti-parallel strands
centromere.
(C) Pyrimidine to pyrimidine base pairing
(D)
III. They have the same gene loci.
One complete tum of the double helix
IV. They have identical alleles.

(A) !, II and I!! only

18. Which of the following events occurs in
(B) I and I!I only
transcription as well as in replication of DNA?
(C) I, Ill and IV only
(A) Free nucleotides bond to the DNA
(D) I!I and IV only
strand.
(B) Two new DNA molecules are
produced.
(C) Uracil nucleotides bond to adenine on
the DNA strand.
(D) Only part of the DNA molecule
containing a gene unwinds.
 -8-

22. Which of the following combinations .Item 24 refers to the diagram below which
correctly represents the chronological order shows the longitudinal section of part of a
flower. ..
of the events occuring in meiosis?

I. Chromatid pairs line up at right-

angles to the equatorial plane.
II. Homologous chromosomes are
pulled apart by spindle fibres.
Ill. Chiasmata form between
chromosomes of the bivalents. -+----1
IV. Individual chromatids migrate to
poles.
Y. Chromosomes shorten and thicken
and appear as pairs of chromatids.

(A) I, III, IV, II, V

(8) III, V, II, IV, I
(C) V, I, II, III, IV '-'//iY-1--11
IV-+.-:'-l-'>-
(D) V, III, I, II, IV V---'..____,

Item 23 refers to the diagram below which

shows a pollen grain,just prior to germination.

24. Jhe micropyle and funicle are represented

by

23. The areas labelled X represent (A) I and V

(8) II and V
(A) a diploid tube nucleus and a haploid (C) III and IV
generative nucleus (D) IV and V
(8) a diploid tube nucleus and a diploid
generative nucleus which divides
into two gametes
(C) a haploid tube nucleus and a haploid
generative nucleus
(D) a haploid tube nucleus and a diploid
generative nucleus which divides
into two gametes
 -9-
25. The following diagram shows the formation 27. One feature that is common to both sperm,
of gametes in a carpel of a flowering plant. (male gamete) and egg (female gamete), is

Flower [2n] (A) a diameterof approximately IOOµm

Carpels
! (B)

(C)
the abundance of mitochondria in the
cytoplasm
a haploid nucleus
(D) a food store

!
Embryo sac mother cells

cp
28. The following list represents some stages in
the process of fertilization:

I. Acrosome releases enzymes.

Embryo sac II. Sperm enters cell.
III. Sperm contacts jelly coat of egg .

. ~ IV. Impenetrable layer forms at egg

surface.

/
Female gamete
~
Fused polar nuclei
Which of the following indicates the correct
order of these stages?

~ c:J (A)
(B)
I, II, IV, III
Ill, I, II, IV
(C) IV, II, I, Ill
Which of the following correctly identifies the (D) IV, III, II, I
number of sets of chromosomes present at
each numbered stage?
Item 29 refers to the simplified diagram
I II III IV below which shows an embryo and
(A) 2n 2n n 2n · surrounding membranes.
(B) 2n 2n 2n 2n
(C) n 2n 2n n
(D) 2n n n 2n

26. Which of the following identifies the structure

which provides nourishment for the sperm-
producing cells in the testes?

; (A) Seminiferous tubule Embryo

I (B) Sertoli cell
(C) Interstitial cell
\ (D) Connective tissue
2 9. The region which functions in protecting the
embryo from mechanical shock and injury is
labelled

(A)
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

n"t 1 n..,n 1 n1,.... " nn "Inn..,
 - JO -
30. Flower colour in a certain species of plant Item 32 below shows the inheritance of a
can be white, light pink or dark pink. There 'recessive allele 'a' that causes a genetic
are two hypotheses to explain this: disorder which appears in the double
recessive form, 'aa'.
Hypothesis 1: There are two co-dominant
alleles.
Hypothesis 2: There are three alleles, one I 2
for each flower colour.

These hypotheses can BEST be tested by

(A) analysing the flower pigments in

several different flowers using
chromatography to find out 6 7
whether some plants contain more 32. Which females are heterozygous for
than one pigment the disorder?
(B) . controlling cross-pollination of the
different varieties, in all possible (A) 3only
combinations, and recording the (B) 5 only
colours shown by the offspring (C) 3 and 5 only
(C) controlling self-pollination of many (D) 3, 5 and 7
individuals of each colour variety
and recording the colours shown
by the offspring of each individual 33. Which of the following does NOT cause
plant sampled variation to occur in a population?
(D) surveying large wild populations
randomly and finding the ratios of (A) Reshuffling of genes
the different colours in these (B) Mutations of chromosomes
populations (C) Random fertilization
{D) Petrification of genetic material

31. Two parents, both of blood group A, have a

son of blood group A. The probability that 34. Which of the following increases the number
their next child will have blood group 0 is of different alleles in a population of
organisms?
(A) 0.25
(B) 0.375 (A) Crossing over
(C) 0.50 (B) Gene mutation
(D) 0.75 (C) Random fusion of gametes
(D) Reassortment of chromosomes in
meiosis

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

 - II -

35. In the hereditary disease, sickle-cell anaemia,
the amino acid, glutamic acid, found in
normal haemoglobin, is substituted at a
particular location by the amino acid valine.
The codon for glutamic acid is GAA. The
codons for valine can be either GUU, GUC
or GUA. One single base alone is changed
during the mutation. Which of the following
would be the corresponding DNA nucleotide
responsible for the change?
36. ln the Caribbean, sweet potato plants are
propagated asexually by tubers. Twenty
tubers collected from one plant were grown
to produce 20 second-generation plants. All
the tubers from these second-generation
plants were collected, weighed and their mean
weight calculated. Twenty tubers closest to
the mean weight were grown under the same
circumstances as before. All the third
generation tubers were collected, weighed
and their mean weight calculated.

(A) CAA Compared to the second-generation tubers,

(B) CAT the third generation tubers have
(C) CAU
(D) CAG (A) agreatermean weight and increased
genetic variation
(B) a greater mean weight and
unchanged genetic variation
(C) an unchanged mean weight and
reduced genetic variation
(D) an unchanged mean weight and an
unchanged genetic variation

Item 37 below shows the classification scheme for four species of monkeys.

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primates

Cercopithidae

Cercopithecus Colo bus

Cercopithecus mitis Cercooithecus Colobus badius Colobus

blue monkey aethiops red colobns poly koma
green monkey black and white colobus

37. Which of the above represents the genus to·

which the green monkey belongs?

(A) Mammalia
(B) Primates
(C) Cen:opithidae
(D) Cercopithecus

GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
' 38. Three of the hypotheses in the theory of
- 12 -
39. Speciation is the process by which new
natural selection are: ·species arise. Which TWO of the following
ways, listed I to IV, BEST promote this?
l. Individuals may differ from one
another as a resu It of chance I. Organisms produce large numbers of
variation. progeny.
II. More offspring are born than can ll. A local population becomes isolated
survive and reproduce. from the main bulk of the
[ ll. There is a struggle for existence population.
between the individuals and their Ill. The isolated genome experiences a
environment. favourable mutation.
IV. The individuals in a populations are
From these statements, which of the following identical and do not show variations
is the MOS! likely deduction? in their characteristics.

(A) The number of individuals in the (A) I and II

environment increases with each (B) I and IV
generation . (C) II and III
(B) .The individuals best suited to the (0) II and IV
environment are those with the
least variation.
(C) The individuals with variation are
hybrids, sterile and are
unsuccessful in the struggle.
(D) The individuals which cope with the
struggle have variations suited to
the environment.

40. Consider the following kingdoms:

Fungi, Prokaryotes, Plants, Protoctists

Match EACH organism below with the kingdoms above.

KINGDOMS

Fungi Prokaryotes Plants Protoctists

(A) Alga Moss Breadmould Bacterium

(B) Breadmould Bacterium Moss Alga
(C) Moss Breadmould Alga Bacterium

(D) Breadmould Bacterium Alga Moss

41. Which of the following combinations is the correct hierarchical sequence of the taxonomic groups?

smallest --> largest

(A) order class phylum

(B) phylum class order
(C) class order phylum
(0) phylum order class
• - 13 -

Item 42 refers to the the diagrams below which illustrate a variety

of leaf shapes found in nature.

42. Which of the leaves above would be grouped together in a

classification scheme?

(A) I and II
(B) I and IV
(C) II and Ill
(D) Ill and IV

43. Which of the following is an example of 45. Which of the following is NOT a major cause
in situ conservation of an endangered of deforestation in tropical areas?
species?
(A) Destruction of trees by atmospheric
(A) Botanic garden pollution
(B) Sperm bank (B) Replacement of native trees with
(C) Forest reserve fast-growing species
(D) Seed bank (C) Cutting trees for timber used in the
construction industry
(D) Dynamiting and other activites
44. Which of the following is NOT a conservation involved in quarrying for minerals
aim when zoos are established?

(A) Species can be bred in captivity and

then re-introduced into their natural
habitat
(B) Species can be kept in conditions
favourable for breeding
(C) Species are protected from their
natural predators
(D) Species held in captivity may inbreed

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02107010/CAPE2007