Hospital management in the tropic and sub tropics

A general hospital provides a wide range of acute – care services for all age groups. It is a diagnostic
anda treatment facility providing board and lodging, medical care and continous nursing care for
alleviation or cure of disease, illness, or injury to inpatients to remain at least one physician on the
permanent staff, in patients to remain at least twenty – four hours, and maintenance of a clinical
record on all patients. Medical, nursing, and other education, medical research,a nd preventive care
programmes may be provided.

A. Geeting ready to manage hospital

1. Planning : Time should be adequate for effective and efficient planning, yet not excessive
so that it encourages postponement of action. Planning may be long term, that is, usually,
for more than one year, or short term, that is, for less than one year. Both are needed.
a. Constraints : by its own bylaws for internal operation
Constrains are forces which regulate or restrict hospital activities for the protection
of patients and staff. They include government statutes and regulations for food
handlres, for building and equipment safety, and payment of minimum salaries amd
wages and overtime rates.
b. Standards : are expections, established norms, or indicators of activity.
Standards are determined for procedures, job descriptions, and medical record
forms, standard equipment reduces range of spare parts needed.
c. Environment : the environment comprises all physical and emotional conditions
within and without the hospital. Physical conditions within the hospital include noisy
or inadequate equipment and injury to nurses by mentally – disturbed patients.
Without are the physical conditions of violence and impassable rivers. Emotional
conditions within the hospital include ineffective leadership and competent staff
rendered impotent by frustration. Without are the emotional conditions of political
upheaval and government intrusion and unresponsiveness. People relate to their
environment. Dirty toilets are likely to encourages more dirtying.
d. Records : are managerial devices for assembling, classifying, and taining information.
They assist the application of expericnce to planning of future performance. Ex :
minutes of meetings, medical records, salaries and wages, and contracts of service.
Record should be simple in content yet adequate for understanding. They should be