REBC-0000-DX001

CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

q
3.0A RETAINING WALL - TYPE A
3.1A Design Philosophy
B2 α 7 Pa1
3.1.1A Concrete 1
2 Hw1
fc' = 280 kg/cm S2
3
γc = 2.40 t/m 1
pa1
3.1.2A Reinforcing bar S1 5 6
2 H
fy = 4200 kg/cm
1 2 3 Pa2
3.1.3A Soil condition of backfill
γ=
3
1.90 t/m Pw1
φ1 = 33.0 deg Pp1 Hw2 B1
3.1.4A Soil condition below foundation pp1 D 4 H1
B4
c' = 0.00 t/m 2
Pp2
φ2 = 33.0 deg Pw2 DK

u= tan(2/3φ)= 0.404 B3 BK pw1

pp2 pw2 pa2
qa = 15.4 t/m 2
B
qae = 23.1 t/m 2
3.1.5A The back face of the wall a friction force develops between soil and wall
δ = 2/3φ1 = 22.0 deg
δe = 22.0 deg
3.1.6A Surcharge
q= 1.00 t/m 2
3.1.7A Seismic Coefficient
kh = 0.0264
kv = 0.0132
3.1.8A Others
α= 0.00 deg
3.1.9A Sketch of retaining wall
Width of footing, B = 2.00 m
Width of toe, B1 = 0.00 m
Top of wall thickness, B2 = 0.30 m ， ( Width of stem base = 0.30 m)
The height between top of wall
and ground elevation, H = 2.50 m
Thickness of footing, H1 = 0.30 m
Embedded depth of footing, D = 0.60 m
Batter of front face, S1 = 0.00
Batter of back face, S2 = 0.00 ，θ = tan-1(S2/1) = 0.00 deg
Thickness of shear key, DK = 0.00 m
Location of shear key, B3 = 0.00 m ， B4 = 1.70 m
Width of shear key, Bk = 0.00 m
3.1.9A Groundwater
Groundwater of back face of wall, Hw1 = 1.50 m
Groundwater of front face of wall, Hw2 = -1.00 m
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

3.2A Calculation
3.2.1A Normal Condition
a) Calculation of active earth pressure and water pressure
Ka = 0.26
2
pa1 = 0.75 t/m Pa1 = 0.57 t/m
2
pa2 = 1.13 t/m Pa2 = 1.51 t/m
2
pw1 = 1.60 t/m Pw1 = 1.28 t/m
Pa = 3.36 t/m
Pa(h) = 3.11 t/m
Pa(v) = 1.26 t/m
X= 2.00 m Y= 0.89 m
b) Pressure of surcharge
Pq(h) = 0.82 t/m
Pq(v) = 1.70 t/m
X= 1.15 m Y= 1.55 m
c) Weight of retaining wall (including soil weight)
W1 = 0.00 t/m X= 0.00 m Y= 1.23 m
W2 = 2.02 t/m X= 0.15 m Y= 1.70 m
W3 = 0.00 t/m X= 0.30 m Y= 1.23 m
W4 = 1.44 t/m X= 1.00 m Y= 0.15 m
W5 = 0.00 t/m X= 0.30 m Y= 2.17 m
W6 = 9.04 t/m X= 1.15 m Y= 1.70 m
W7 = 0.00 t/m X= 1.43 m Y= 3.10 m
d) Calculation of passive earth pressure
Kp = 8.08
2
pp1 = 0.00 t/m Pp1 = 0.00 t/m
pp2 = 4.37 t/m 2 Pp2 = 1.31 t/m
pw2 = 1.60 t/m 2 Pw2 = 1.28 t/m
Pp = 2.59 t/m
Adopted Pp = 0.3 Pp = 0.6 t/m
Pp(h) = 0.6 t/m
Pp(v) = 0.2 t/m
Resistance of shear key, Pke = 0 t/m
X= 0.00 m Y= 0.36 m
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

3.2.2A Seismic Condition

a) Calculation of active earth pressure and water pressure
ϕ = tan-1(Kh/(1-Kv)) = 1.53 deg
θ = tan-1(S2/1) = 0 deg
Kae = 0.28 t/m2 Pa1 = 0.60 t/m
pa1 = 0.80 t/m2 Pa2 = 1.60 t/m
pa2 = 1.20 t/m2 Pw1 = 1.28 t/m
pw1 = 1.60 t/m
Pae = 3.48 t/m
Pae(h) = 3.23 t/m
Pae(v) = 1.30 t/m
X= 2.00 m Y= 0.90 m
b) Pressure of surcharge
Pqe(h) = 0.87 t/m
Pqe(v) = 1.70 t/m
X= 1.15 m Y= 1.55 m
c) Weight of retaining wall (including soil weight)
PV = ± 0,5FH if avg/ag > 0,6 else
P H = 0,5α.S.W = 0.0264 W = 0.0132 W
， PV = ± 0,33FH When avg/ag ≤ 0,6
d) Calculation of passive earth pressure
kpe = 7.90
pp1 = 0.00 t/m 2 Pp1 = 0.00 t/m
pp2 = 4.26 t/m 2 Pp2 = 1.28 t/m
2
pw2 = 1.60 t/m Pw2 = 1.28 t/m
Ppe = 2.56 t/m
Adopted Pp = 0.3 Pp = 0.64 t/m
Ppe(h) = 0.64 t/m
Ppe(v) = 0.00 t/m
Resistance of shear key, Pke = 0 t/m
X= 0.00 m Y= 0.37 m
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

3.3A Check Wall Stability

3.3.1A Normal Condition
The force components and the relative action location and induced moment to the toe are given in the below
table.

V(t) H(t) X(m) Y(m) Mx(t-m) My(t-m)

Component
t/m t/m m m t-m/m t-m/m
W1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.00
W2 2.02 0.00 0.15 1.70 0.30 0.00
W3 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.23 0.00 0.00
W4 1.44 0.00 1.00 0.15 1.44 0.00
W5 0.00 0.00 0.30 2.17 0.00 0.00
W6 9.04 0.00 1.15 1.70 10.40 0.00
W7 0.00 0.00 1.43 3.10 0.00 0.00
Pa 1.26 3.11 2.00 0.89 2.51 2.78
Pq 1.70 0.82 1.15 1.55 1.96 1.27
Pp 0.24 0.60 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.22
Sum 15.70 16.61 4.27

a) Sliding stability
R = V * u + B * c + Pp(h) + Pk = 6.94 t/m
F = Pa(h) + Pq(h) = 3.93 t/m
Fs = R / F = 1.77 > 1.5 ---- Slide stability O.K.

b) Overturning stability
Mr = 16.83 t-m/m
Mo = 4.05 t-m/m
Fs = Mr / Mo = 4.16 > 1.5 ---- Overturning stability O.K.

c) Bearing capacity
Mnet = Mr - Mo = 12.78 t-m/m
e= 0.19 m < B/6 ---- O.K.
qmax = 12.23 t/m 2 < qa ---- Bearing capacity O.K.
2
qmin = 3.47 t/m
X' = 2.00 m
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

3.3.2A Seismic Condition

The force components and the relative action location and induced moment to the toe are given in the below
table.

V(t) H(t) X(m) Y(m) Mx(t-m) My(t-m)

Component
t/m t/m m m t-m/m t-m/m
W1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.00
W2 2.04 2.07 0.15 1.70 0.31 3.52
W3 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.23 0.00 0.00
W4 1.46 1.48 1.00 0.15 1.46 0.22
W5 0.00 0.00 0.30 2.17 0.00 0.00
W6 9.16 9.28 1.15 1.70 10.54 15.78
W7 0.00 0.00 1.43 3.10 0.00 0.00
Pae 1.30 3.23 2.00 0.90 2.61 2.91
Pqe 1.70 0.87 1.15 1.55 1.96 1.35
Ppe 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.23
Sum 15.67 16.87 24.01

a) Sliding stability
R = V * u + B * c + Pp(h) + Pk = 6.97
F = Pa(h) + Pq(h) = 4.10
Fs = R / F = 1.70 > 1.25 ---- Slide stability O.K.

b) Overturning stability
Mr = 17.10 t-m/m
Mo = 4.25 t-m/m
Fs = Mr / Mo = 4.02 > 1.25 ---- Overturning stability O.K.

c) Bearing capacity
Mnet = Mr - Mo = 12.85 t-m/m
e= 0.18 m < B/3 ---- O.K.
2
qmax = 12.07 t/m < qa ---- Bearing capacity O.K.
2
qmin = 3.60 t/m
X' = 2.00 m
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

3.4A Retaining Wall Design

LOADING COMPONENT LOAD COMBINATIONS

a. Weight of structure 1.6
b. Live loads 1.6
c. Other loads (Soil) 1.6

3.4.1A Stem Design

Loading combination = 1.6 Other loads (Soil) + 1.6 Live loads
M = 1/6 * γ * z3 * Ka * cos(δ+θ) + 1/2 * q * Ka * z2 * cos(δ+θ)
V = 1/2 * γ * z2 * Ka * cos(δ+θ) + q * z * Ka * cos(δ+θ)

a) From base to middle of stem

Height, z = H + D - H1 = 2.5 + 0.6 - 0.3 = 2.80 m
Clear cover = 5.0 cm
d at stem base = 0.25 m
M = 1.7 + 0.96 = 2.67 t-m/m
Mu = 1.6 * 1.7 + 1.6 * 0.96 = 4.27 t-m/m
Rn = Mu / φ b d =
2
7.58
m = fy / 0.85 fc' = 17.65
ρ = 1 / m * (1 - sqrt(1 - 2 m* Rn / fy)) = 0.0018
4/3 ρ = 0.00245
ρmin = 14 / fy = 0.0033
Minimum requirement of reinforcement, ρ = 0.0024
ρb = 0.0286 , ρmax = 0.75 ρb = 0.0214

Check shear capacity:

V = 1.83 + 0.69 = 2.51 t/m
Vu = 1.6 * 1.83 + 1.6 * 0.69 = 4.02 t/m
Vn = Vu / 0.75 = 5.36 t/m
Vc = 0.17 * λ * sqrt(fc') * b * d = 22.2 t/m
Vc > Vn ---- O.K.

Design value of ρ = 0.0024

fy = 4200 kg/cm 2
Req. As = 6.12 cm 2
Adopt : D 20 mm @ 25 cm
2
As = 12.57 cm
As > Req. As ---- O.K.
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

b) From middle to top of stem

Height, z = 2.8 / 2 = 1.40 m
d at middle of stem = 0.25 m
M = 0.21 + 0.24 = 0.45 t-m/m
Mu = 1.6 * 0.21 + 1.6 * 0.24 = 0.73 t-m/m
Rn = Mu / φ b d =
2
1.29
m = fy / 0.85 fc' = 17.65
ρ = 1 / m * (1 - sqrt(1 - 2 m* Rn / fy)) = 0.0003
4/3 ρ = 0.0004
ρmin = 14 / fy = 0.0033
Minimum requirement of reinforcement, ρ = 0.0004
ρb = 0.0286 , ρmax = 0.75 ρb = 0.0214

Check shear capacity:

V = 0.46 + 0.34 = 0.80 t/m
Vu = 1.6 * 0.46 + 1.6 * 0.34 = 1.28 t/m
Vn = Vu / 0.75 = 1.71 t/m
Vc = 0.17 * λ * sqrt(fc') * b * d = 22.17 t/m
Vc > Vn ---- O.K.

Design value of ρ = 0.0004

fy = 4200 kg/cm 2
Req. As = 1.03 cm 2
Adopt : D 20 mm @ 25 cm
As = 12.57 cm 2
As > Req. As ---- O.K.

Check horizontal reinforcement:

As = 0.0025 * (gross area of the wall) = 7.50 cm 2/m
Two sides of the wall are equally sharing the As
Req. As = 3.75 cm 2/m
Adopt : D 12 mm @ 25 cm
As = 2
4.52 cm
As > Req. As ---- O.K.
 REBC-0000-DX001
CALCULATION SHEET
FOR DATE: REV.
RETAINING WALL 15/06/2018 A

3.4.2A Foundation Footing Design

Loading combination = 1.6 Weight of structure + 1.6 Other loads (Soil) + 1.6 Live loads
Heel width, B' = 1.75 m
Clear cover = 5.0 cm

11.26 2
wu = 1.6 * 0.72 + 1.6 * 5.32 + 1.6 * 1 = t/m
2
q' = 11.13 t/m , Mu = 8.02 t-m
Rn = Mu / φ b d =
2 14.26
m = fy / 0.85 fc' = 17.65
ρ = 1 / m * (1 - sqrt(1 - 2 m* Rn / fy)) = 0.0035
4/3 ρ = 0.0047
ρmin = 14 / fy = 0.0033
Minimum requirement of reinforcement, ρ = 0.0035
ρb = 0.0286 , ρmax = 0.75 ρb = 0.0214

Check shear capacity:

Vu = 6.93 t/m
Vn = Vu / 0.75 = 9.24 t/m
Vc = 0.17 * λ * sqrt(fc') * b * d = 22.2 t/m
Vc > Vn ---- O.K.

Design value of ρ = 0.0035

fy = 4200 kg/cm 2
Req. As = 8.76 cm 2
Adopt : D 20 mm @ 25 cm
2
As = 12.57 cm
As > Req. As ---- O.K.