2.

7 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Finishing

Nayak and Padhye (2015), mentioned that the ability to produce a desired results

of antimicrobial textile can be determined using a number of test methods. These

methods allow the microbial growth to accelerate in order to see the results within a short

span of time. The methods are classified into two categories, mainly, agar diffusion test

and suspension test. In most cases, this method uses a gram-positive bacteria and some

gram-negative bacteria, and these are usually pathogenic so it requires proper handle.

AATCC Method: Agar Diffusion Test (Parallel Streak Method)

This test is a qualitative method that uses gram-positive and gram-negative

bacteria in order to determine the antibacterial activity of the treated textile to the

untreated textile. This is the method is only used when there is a large number of samples

that needed to be tested out. Over the years, this test is proven to be the effective method

in providing that the textile has antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and

gram-negative bacteria. However, if bactericidal activity is intended or implied,

quantitative evaluation is not feasible by this method.

Agar diffusion test tends to measure the effect of antimicrobial agent against the

growth of microbial colonies. This is a test wherein the bacterial cells are treated on

nutrient agar plates (a petri dish which contain growth medium and are used to cultured

microorganisms) over which the textile sample are placed intended for them to have a

contact. These plates are incubated 37°C for at least 18-24 hours and inspected for the

bacterial growth underneath and around the edges of the sample. Antimicrobial activity is

indicated when there was no presence of bacterial growth beneath the sample. If the

1
antimicrobial agent is attached in textile substrate, then the zone of inhibition should not

be seen as the the antimicrobial agent prevents the diffusion of microbial colonies into

agar. Only when the antimicrobial agent diffuses in the agar, the apparent zone of

inhibition is seen and the size of inhibition will indicate the potency of the antimicrobial

activity or the release rate of active ingredient.

AATCC Method: Suspension Test (Test Method 100)

This test is a quantitative method that uses gram-positive and gram-negative

bacteria in order to determine the degree of antimicrobial activity of the treated textile.

This test is a more time consuming method and complicated than that of the Parallel

Streak Method. This test requires routine quality control and screening test. In most

cases, suspension test is conducted under specific condition that can promote bacterial

growth. Biocidal action are often affected by moisture. As an example, -99% are killed

during assays, this dramatic results are often produced which can provide misleading

information about the intended results of antimicrobial activity of the samples. That is

why, it is hard to achieve this result under normal wearing condition.

In the suspension test a small amount of bacterial inoculum in growth media is

absorbed into the fabric sample with an appropriate size without leaving any liquid. The

sample will undergo incubation process and then will placed and sealed inside the jars

with a temperature of 27°C or 37°C up to 24 hours. After that, the bacteria in the fabric

are eluted and the total number bacteria present on it is determined by serial dilution and

plating on nutrient agar plates. The antimicrobial activity is computed by the comparison

of the size of initial bacterial population with that after the incubation and expressed as

percentage reduction. Proper care is given so that the fabric sample will gone through the

2
same processing except when antimicrobial finishing should be included in each

experiment to assure whether the observe decrease in the bacterial number is only due to

microbial finishing.

in the test bacteria that is inoculated and incubated in the treated textile was determined

using serial dilution and following inoculation using sterile agar.

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Babu, K. M., & Ravindra, K. B. (2014). Bioactive antimicrobial agents for finishing of

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Ghayempour, S., & Montazer, M. (2016). Micro/nanoencapsulation of essential oils and

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McIntosh, J. (2018, October 4). Antimicrobial and antibiotic drug resistance: Causes and

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Mori, H.-M., Kawanami, H., Kawahata, H., & Aoki, M. (2016). Wound healing potential

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Tomazelli Júnior, O., Kuhn, F., Padilha, P. J. M., Vicente, L. R. M., Costa, S. W.,

Boligon, A. A., Castellví, S. L. (2018, May). Microencapsulation of essential thyme

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Retrieved from

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biomaterials for wound‐dressing applications. Retrieved from

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advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: A clinical trial.

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fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1744388110000381.

APPENDIX A: Instrument Protocol

7
1. Preparation of Materials:

Chemical starch sodium alginate beaker distilled water

8
 Foil Lavender essential oil Magnetic stirrer oven

2. Measuring of the materials:

200 ml of distilled water 2 grams of sodium alginate 3

grams of chemichal starch

1.5 ml lavender essential oil

3. Encapsulation Process

Starch with lavender essential oil dissolved in distilled

water

9
 The cotton textile will be soak in the solution.

The prototype will put in the oven

CERTIFICATION OF STATISTICAL TREATMENT

February 28, 2020

10
 The undersigned hereby to certify that the research paper of MA. CARMELA M.

AQUINO, ALLAN MATTHEW T. MAGUATE, EZIKIEL BRYAN G. MALABED.

KIAN C. MANALASTAS, ANGELICA TRISHA PAMORCAN the researchers of the

University of the East – Caloocan titled “STARCH MICROENCAPSULATION OF

LAVENDER (Lavandula) ESSENTIAL OIL AS AN ANTIMICORBIAL AGENT

APPLIED IN COTTON TEXTILE” was duly computed statistically and scientifically

analyzed and seen. Using various statistical methods applied statistically appropriate for

the research analysis needed for their study.

Signed,

_________________________
Ms. Kyla Marie P. Pastoral
Statistician

CERTIFICATION OF ENGLISH EDITING

February 28, 2020

11
 This is to certify that MA. CARMELA M. AQUINO, ALLAN MATTHEW T.

MAGUATE, EZIKIEL BRYAN G. MALABED. KIAN C. MANALASTAS,

ANGELICA TRISHA PAMORCAN a student of the University of the East- Caloocan

whose research title is “STARCH MICROENCAPSULATION OF LAVENDER

(Lavandula) ESSENTIAL OIL AS AN ANTIMICORBIAL AGENT APPLIED IN

COTTON TEXTILE” has been grammatically edited and checked for its APA format,

English grammar and compliance with the recommended forms and style of the

University of the East.

Signed,

____________________
Mr. Ryan Calisin
Grammatician

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We hereby certify that this thesis is our own work and that, to the best of our

knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously written or published by another

person or organization nor any material which has been accepted for award of any other

12
degree or diploma from a university or institution of higher learning, except where due

acknowledgement is made thereof.

Furthermore, we declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of

my work although we have received assistance from others on the manner of

organization, presentation, style and language.

Sincerely yours,

Ma. Carmela M. Aquino Allan Matthew T. Maguate Ezikiel Bryan G. Malabed

Researcher Researcher Reseacher

Kian C. Manalastas Angelica Trisha Pamorcan

Researcher Researcher

Attested By:

Mr. Ryan Calisin Ms. Kyla Marie P. Pastoral

Practical Research 2 Adviser Research Project Adviser

Mrs. Juanaly Magpantay

Research Capstone Adviser

Angelica Trisha Pamorcan

trishapamorcan@icloud.com

13
OBJECTIVE: My objective is to contribute to the fund of knowledge in

the research industry.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nickname : Angel
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Date of Birth : February 1, 2002
Place of Birth : Manila, Chinese General Hospital
Height : 5’4
Weight : 90
Nationality : Filipino
Dialect : Tagalog
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic
Mother’s Name : Rosario P. Ilagan
Occupation : Office Manager
Father’s Name : Tran Tuan Kiet
Occupation :

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

14
 Starch Microencapsulation of Lavender Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial
`
Agent Applied in Cotton Textile

High School Caloocan City Business High School

Urduja Village Sikatuna Ext.
2015-2017

Elementary Congress Elementary School

Congress Village
2008-2014

SKILLS : Public Speaking

ACHIEVEMENTS
Pre-School
High School Top 1
Caloocan City Business High School
2016
Pre-school

RELEVANT SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

Seminar Name : -

AFFILIATIONS
2016
Cartesian Club Board member
Caloocan City Business High School
2016-2017

DECLARATION 2016-2017
I hereby declare that all the information provided is true and correct to
thebest of my belief and knowledge.

Angelica Trisha Pamorcan

15
 Starch Microencapsulation of Lavender Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial
`
Agent Applied in Cotton Textile

Kian C. Manalastas
Kian.manalastas11@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To become a successful civil engineer.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nickname : Kian
Age : 18
Gender : Male
Date of Birth : May 7 2001
Place of Birth : Manila
Height : 5'4
Weight : 47Kg
Nationality : Filipino
Dialect : Tagalog
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name : Jennifet C. Manalastas
Occupation : Office Clerk
Father’s Name : Leo S. Manalastas
Occupation : Factory Worker

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

16
 Starch Microencapsulation of Lavender Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial
`
Agent Applied in Cotton Textile

High School Grace Montessori School of Novaliches

15 N Abelardo St, Novaliches, Q.C, 1117Metro Manila
2014-2018

Elementary Grace Montessori School of Novaliches

15 N Abelardo St, Novaliches, Q.C, 1117Metro Manila
2008-2014

Pre-School Grace Montessori School of Novaliches

15 N Abelardo St, Novaliches Q.C, 1117 Metro Manila
2005-2008

SKILLS

• Video Editing
• Graphic Design

ACHIEVEMENTS

High School With Honors

Loyalty Award
Grace Montessori School Of Novaliches
2017-2018
Pre-school N/A

Robotics Training Attendee

University of the East
2018-2020

RELEVANT SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

Attaining Readiness for Maximum Success
Attendee
University of the East
2018-2020

AFFILIATIONS

17
 Starch Microencapsulation of Lavender Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial
`
Agent Applied in Cotton Textile

N/A

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that all the information provided is true and correct to
thebest of my belief and knowledge.

Kian C. Manalastas

18
 Starch Microencapsulation of Lavender Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial
`
Agent Applied in Cotton Textile

Ma. Carmela M. Aquino

carmsmoulic@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To contribute to the fund of knowledge and gain practical experience.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nickname : Carmela
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Date of Birth : November 18, 2001
Place of Birth : Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital, Manila
Height : 5'4
Weight : 40Kg
Nationality : Filipino
Dialect : Tagalog
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name : Maria Prudencia M. Aquino
Occupation : Government Employee
Father’s Name : Jojie C. Aquino
Occupation : Self Employed

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

19
 STARCH MICROENCAPSULATION OF LAVENDER (Lavandula)
ESSENTIAL OIL AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT APPLIED IN COTTON
TEXTILE

High School Potrero National High School

Dunwoody St., University Hills Subd. PotreroMalabon
2014-2018

Elementary Potrero Elementary School-1

Dunwoody St., University Hills Subd. PotreroMalabon
2008-2014

Pre-School Caloocan Adventist Elementary School 16 Chicago

tech, University Hills Subdivision Caloocan City
2005-2008

SKILLS

• Solving word/puzzle problems

•Photo Editing
• Playing Badmintion

ACHIEVEMENTS

High School With Honors

Special Awards
Potrero National High school
2014-2018
Pre-school With Honors
Conduct Awardee
Caloocan Adventist Elementary School

Robotics Training Attendee

University of the East
2018-2020

RELEVANT SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

Attaining Readiness for Maximum Success
Attendee
University of the East
2018-2020

20
 STARCH MICROENCAPSULATION OF LAVENDER (Lavandula)
ESSENTIAL OIL AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT APPLIED IN COTTON
TEXTILE

AFFILIATIONS

N/A

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that all the information provided is true and correct to
thebest of my belief and knowledge.

Ma. Carmela M. Aquino

21