1.

a. The relation of research to advancement of technology

There is no doubt that scientific advances depend not only

on new ideas, conceptual leaps and paradigm shifts, but also to a
large extent on technological advances that make these steps
possible. The discovery of the green fluorescent protein (GFP),
increasingly sophisticated microscopes, and the development of in
vitro assays that faithfully reproduce cellular functions are
just a few examples of technical advances that have spurred on
many areas of cell biology. Technologies that are easily adapted
to simple and affordable everyday use in the laboratory have
certainly changed the speed of scientific progress. The
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, for example — the
simple elegance of which made many of us regret not having
thought of it ourselves — has quickly evolved to the point where
PCR machines are part of the standard laboratory equipment
without which many experiments would be immensely time-consuming
or simply not possible. The importance of access to technological
know-how is also reflected in the job market. Researchers who can
bring new techniques to an institute are well sought after, just
as the availability of techniques and service facilities makes a
research.

Technology has a profound impact on research, because

these changes lead to major changes in the topics that are
important to study, and technology provides new ways of doing
research. The most important result of technological advance is
the increasing impact of information technology, resulting in the
growing importance of service and relationships in the economy.

b. Relation of research to development of concepts,

practices and theories.

Although it's possible to achieve innovation without research and

development and it's possible to conduct research and development
without achieving innovation, there is a very tight relationship
between them. When a person or company conducts research and
development, it normally results in innovation. Research and
development consists of the investigative activities that a
person or business chooses to do with the desired result of a
discovery that will either create an entirely new
product, product line or service, or strengthen an existing
product or service with additional features. Research refers to
any new science or thinking that will result in a new product or
new features for an existing product. Research can be broken down
into either basic research or applied research. Basic research
seeks to delve into scientific principles from an academic
standpoint, while applied research seeks to use that basic
research in a real-world setting.

The development portion refers to the actual application of

the new science or thinking so that a new or increasingly better
product or service can begin to take shape.

2. My research problem is all about the effects of oil spill

in the environment as perceived by the local residence of
Brgy. Basiao.

A. This study aims to determine the perception of the

local residence of Brgy. Basiao with effects of oil

spill in the environment.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following

questions:

a. What is the socio-demographic profile of the

respondents?

b. What are the effects of oil spill in the environment as

perceived by the respondents as an entire group?

c. What is the perception of the local residence of Brgy.

Basiao with the effects of the oil spill in the

environment?

d. Is there a significant difference in the perception of

the respondents in the effects of the oil spill in the

environment?
 B.

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

Personal related variables

Perceptions of the Local

- age Residence of Brgy. Basiao in

- gender the Environmental Effects of

- estimated monthly family Oil Spill

income
Environmental effects of Oil
- place of residence
Spill

- Indirect

- Direct

C. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the

respondents with the effects of oil spill in the environment.

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

D.

Personal related variables

Perceptions of the Local

- age Residence of Brgy. Basiao in

- gender the Environmental Effects of

- estimated monthly family Oil Spill

income
Environmental effects of Oil
- place of residence
Spill

- Indirect

- Direct
E. This study will give its direct and indirect benefits to the

following:

Students. This study will give students awareness to our present

environmental scenario and motivate them to take certain actions

in the promulgation of solutions to this environmental issue.

Also, this can be utilized as reference for any other related

studies.

Community. As part of the biodiversity in the environment, the

community will benefit from this study since they will be guided

with the harmful effects of oil spill as well as approaches on

how to deal oil spill scenario in their community if in case this

will occur.

Government. Since this study focuses on the effects of oil spill

in the environment, the government will benefit from this study

thru the results gathered from the respondents. It will inform

them of how the young citizens of their locale are aware and

affected of the environmental issues and the undertakings they do

to help regarding this issue.

Researchers. Researchers can rely, as a reference, for their

personal research works with the result of this study since

respondents will be chosen randomly to avoid biased.

F. Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study covered the local residence of Brgy. Basiao.

The main concern of this study was to determine the perception of the

local residence of Brgy. Basiao with effects of oil spill in the

environment. They will mirror the responses of the young people

concerning this issue.

G. This study utilized descriptive survey research. Descriptive

research is a fact finding study with adequate and accurate

interpretation of the findings. It describes with emphasis what

actually exist such as current conditions, practices, situations,

or any phenomenon. The descriptive research design was the most

appropriate design to use since the present study or

investigation was concerned with the perceptions of the local

residence of Brgy. Basiao with the effects of oil spill in the

environment.

H. The researcher will use survey questionnaires in gathering

data. The data will be gathered personally from the respondents.

The questionnaires were divided into two parts. The first part

contains personal information of the respondents such as name,

age, gender, place of residence, parent’s educational attainment

and estimated monthly family income. The second part shall deal

with the environmental effects of the oil spill as classified

between indirect and direct effects.

I. The researchers will use survey questionnaires in

gathering the data. The data will be gathered personally

from the respondents. The questionnaires were divided

into two parts. The first part contains personal

information of the respondents such as name, age, gender,

place of residence, parent’s educational attainment, and

estimated monthly family income. The second part shall

deal with the environmental effects of the oil spill as

classified between indirect and direct effects.

 To determine which environmental effects of oil spill

affects the perception of the local residence of Brgy.

Basiao; a 20-item questionnaire was constructed with ten

(10) questions from each factor namely indirect and

direct environmental effects. Each of the item in the

questionnaire were answerable with any of the following

responses: “Highly Risky” (HR), “Neither Risky or Not”

(NN), and “Less Risky” (LR).

J. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to

analyze and summarize all the data gathered.

Frequency count and percentage will be used to analyze the data

on personal characteristics of the respondents. The Mean was used

to find out and describe the responses of the respondents with

regards to the effects of oil spill in the environment prepared

and specified in the questionnaire.

To test whether there would be significant differences between

the personal factors and the perceptions of the respondents; and

between the indirect and environmental effects of oil spill in

the environment to that of the perception of the respondents, the

t-test is to be used. T-test for independent samples was applied

at .05 alpha levels was engaged for inferential analysis.

Formula:

For Mean (Walpole, 1982)

∑𝒇
𝑿=
𝑵

Where:

X = Mean
Σf = sum of frequency (scores)

N = Total number of respondents

For Percentage

Where:

% = percentage

N = number of respondents

T = total number of respondents

For T-test, correlated data

𝒙−µ
𝒕=
𝑺𝑬𝑫𝒙

Where:

t = computed t-value

x = mean of the first sample

µ = mean of the second sample

SEDx = standard error of the differences between mean