Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TORONTO
• Iris Power LP division – acquired by Qualitrol in 2010
• Manufactures partial discharge monitors for motors and generators
COUNTRIES GLASGOW, UK
SERVED
• Diagnostic Monitoring Systems (DMS) – acquired by Qualitrol in 2010
• Manufactures UHF partial monitoring equipment for power utilities
10 BELFAST, UK
• Hathaway Systems – acquired by Qualitrol in 2002
TECHNOLOGY • Manufactures information products for power utilities
ACQUISITIONS
AHMEDABAD, India
7 • Technology Centre of Excellence
GLOBAL
SITES
CONTENTS
4
Gas Chromatography
Basic Principles – System Architecture
Calibration
— Establish retention times of known peaks
Measurement
— Identify peaks by their retention times in relation to calibrated locations
Petroleum Environmental
— Gasoline, natural gas, crude oil — PCBs, pesticides (in animal feeds; in the ground; in
water)
Chemicals
— PAH (in diesel exhaust; in soil)
— Solvents (Paints, dyes, household cleaners)
Gas analysis
— Intermediates and final products
— Natural gas
Forensic
— TRANSFORMER DISSOLVED GASES
— Blood alcohol (DWI)
• IEC 60 567
— Arson (accelerants)
• ASTM D3612
— Drugs (identity, purity, abuse)
• IEEE C57 104
— Combine with C2H6 and H2 for additional Triangles and Pentagons (Severons TM5)
— Ratios
Major Advantage
— Gas-permeable membrane or tubes isolate oil flow from extracted gas volume
— Sealed system
— Physical barrier prevents liquid oil or aerosol transfer into gas space
Major Advantage
Gas Chromatography
— Routine minimum detectable amounts less than 1 ppm for most gases
Major Advantage
IEC 60567 specifies DGA accuracy of ±15% or better is to be targeted in the lab
— At a 100 ppm measured value, the actual gas concentration would be between 85–115 ppm
— Online GC can typically achieve a verified accuracy of ±5% for all gases in the field.
— With a LDL of 1 ppm, the accuracy at a measured value of 2 ppm would be ±1 ppm (±50%), not ±0.3 ppm (=
15% × 2 ppm)
— At a 2 ppm measured value, the actual gas concentration would be between 1–3 ppm
M. Duval, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Slide credit: M. Duval Webinar, 2016
August, 2005
Carrier Gas
— Online or laboratory GC requires a source of high purity carrier gas.
— Modern gas cylinders contain enough helium to supply an online monitor for 11+ years of continuous operation
Calibration Gas
— Guaranteed stable reference point for regular calibration verification
— Modern cylinders have an operational life / capacity sufficient for up to 5 years continuous operation.
Acetylene (C2H2)
increased to 12 PPM
Ethylene (C2H4) & Methane
(CH4) increased exponentially
14 Days
Single-phase 336 MVA, 500/230 kV auto-transformer, gassing since being placed into service in 1969.
• KEY TAKEAWAY
Single-phase 336 MVA, 500/230 kV auto-transformer, gassing since being placed into service in 1969.
>100 countries ranging over all geographic areas from the artic, to the desert, to the tropics
— achieved without need for any external fans or heat sinks
Gas Chromatography is the technique that underlies all Transformer diagnostic techniques
Accuracy of DGA results is a key driver of accurate diagnostics – the ultimate measure of the
success of online DGA