PRE-TEST

Direction: Read the passages. Then answer the questions below in 2 sentences
only. Write the letter of your choice.

MATERIALS

A material is what something is made of. There are 5 basic materials. Most things
are made with these materials. Some things are made of metal. Some things are made
of glass. Some things are made of wood. Some things are made of cloth. And some
things are made of plastic. There are some other materials. But they are not used as
much as these materials.

Let’s talk about metal first. Metal is very heavy. And it is very hard and strong. It
usually feels cool if you touch it. We use metal to make lots of things. We use it for
these things because it is very strong.

Next, let’s talk about glass. Glass is very smooth. It feels cool to touch. It is not as
heavy as metal. It is hard. But is is not strong. It breaks very easily! Then why do we use
it? We use it because it is clear! You can see through glass! That’s why we use it for
windows. That’s also why we use it for glasses.

Now let’s talk about wood. Wood is lighter than metal and glass. It is not as strong
as metal. But it is stronger than glass. We use wood to make lots of things. Things
made from wood are usually light and hard and strong. Chairs and tables are made
from wood. Pencils are made from wood.

Now let’s talk about cloth. Cloth is very light. It is very soft. We use cloth to make
lots of things. For example, it is used to make clothing. And it is used to make blankets.

Last, let’s talk about plastic. Plastic is also very light. But it is different from cloth.
Sometimes it is soft. And sometimes it is hard. Plastic can be used to make thin plastic
bags. These are light, soft, and strong. But plastic can also be used to make bicycle
helmets. These are light, hard, and strong. A helmet and a bag seem different. But they
are both made from plastic.

L.L. 1. Which sentence from the passage best describes the main idea?

A. We use cloth to make lots of things.

B. Metal is very heavy.
C. There are 5 basic materials.
D. A helmet and a bag seem different.

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LL. 2. According to the passage, which of these things is a material?

A. Chairs
B. Clothing
C. Windows
D. Wood

I.L. 3. What is the importance of materials to our lives?

A. Materials are needed for everyday use.

B. Materials can make the surroundings decorative.
C. Materials make our work easier.
D. Materials are used to make projects.

I.L. 4. According to the passage, how does glass feel?

A. Smooth and cool

B. Warm and soft
C. Light and hard
D. Sharp and heavy

A.L. 5. In paragraph 4, the passage says, “Wood is lighter than metal and
Glass. “ What is the main purpose of this sentence?

A. To explain something
B. To recommend something
C. To compare something
D. To demonstrate something

A.L. 6. In this passage, the author talks about

A. Hard things first, then soft things

B. Heavy things first, then light things
C. Strong things first, then weak things
D. Cool things first, then warm things

E.L. 7. In this passage, we learn about a 5 different materials. Which of these

Materials do you think is best? Why?

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 FRUIT FLY FIX

It is breakfast time. You have been looking forward to eating a nice ripe banana ever
since you woke up. Just when you reach for the delicious piece of fruit on your counter,
you see something that makes you much less hungry: a swarm of fruit flies!

Fruit flies are tiny insects that are attracted to ripe or rotting fruits and vegetables.
The flies not only eat the fruit, they also lay their eggs there. A single fruit fly can lay up
to 500 eggs on the surface of a piece of fruit. Within eight days, the fruit flies that hatch
from these eggs are full adults that can then lay their own eggs. As you can see, what
might start out as a small fruit fly problem can become very large very quickly.

Although there is a chance fruit flies can carry germs on to your food, this is not very
likely. Fruit flies are annoying, but they probably will hurt you. Because they are such a
nuisance, however, most people want to get rid of these pesky bugs as quickly as
possible. Some people use pesticide sprays on the fruit flies. Although this will kill the
flies, it will also spread harmful poison all over your kitchen. Luckily, there is also a
completely safe way for you to get rid of fruit flies in your house.

The first step is for you to remove all fruits or vegetables from your counter. Store
these items in the refrigerator or in sealed containers. Clean up any spilled juice or bits
of food that might be on the floor. Take out the trash and empty the recycling bin. Wash
any dirty dishes that are in your sink. Doing all of these things will stop new fruit flies
from finding food or places to lay their eggs.

Next, make a trap to catch all the remaining fruit flies in your house. First, fill a small
bowl with a few tablespoons of vinegar. Then, put a piece of very ripe or rotting fruit into
the vinegar. Cover the bowl very tightly with a sheet of plastic wrap and poke a few very
small holes in the wrap with a fork. If all goes according to plan, the flies will enter the
trap through the holes but will be unable to fly back out. This trap will catch all the
remaining fruit flies. You can either kill these flies or release them outdoors.

Fruit flies can be a pest, but they do not have to make you crazy. With a little effort,
you can get existing flies out of your house and prevent new ones from taking over your
kitchen.

L.L. 8. In reading this passage, we learn that fruit flies

I. Die immediately after they lay their eggs

II. Can grow into adults after only 8 days
III. Are mostly harmless

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III

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I.L. 9. What might happen if fruit flies will step on your fruit?

A. They will eat the whole fruit.

B. They will step and fly again.
C. They will rot the fruit.
D. They will lay their eggs.

L.L. 10. As used in paragraph 3, a nuisance is something that

A. Bothers you
B. Can be dangerous
C. Grows fast
D. Is very small

A.L. 11. According to the passage, why should you not use pesticide spray to
kill fruit flies?

A. Most sprays do not actually kill all of the fruit flies

B. Buying sprays can get expensive if you need to use a lot of them
C. The sprays take too much time to work
D. It can be dangerous to use them in your kitchen

A.L. 12. Based on the information in the penultimate (next-to-last) paragraph,

can understand that the author thinks that

A. Some people do not mind having fruit flies in their houses

B. Some people do not like killing insects
C. Fruit flies do not like vinegar
D. Making a fruit fly trap can be difficult

I.L. 13. Do you think the advice offered by the author of this passage can also help
you protect our kitchen from other bugs, such as roaches? Why?

A. Yes, flies and other insects could be eliminated with pesticides.

B. Yes, it could give suggestion to sanitize surroundings.
C. Yes, it gave us the idea to preserve flies.
D. Yes, it suggested to cover our food on the table.

E.L. 14. Imagine you had a fruit fly in your kitchen. What would you do to handle the
situation? Would you take the advice offered in the passage? Why or why not?

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 THE RIO GRANDE

Although not the longest river in America, the Rio Grande is one of the most
important. But, unlike other significant rivers, it is not used for shipping. Infact,
oceangoing ships cannot navigate the waters. No, what makes the Rio Grande so
important is its location. Since 1846, it has been the official border of Texas and Mexico.

Rio Grande Geography

The Rio Grande is either the fourth or fifth river system in North America. It all
depends on how it is measured. Because the river twists so much, it occasionally
changes course. And these course shifts can cause it to be longer or shorter. At its last
official measure, the Rio Grande clocked in at 1, 896 miles. The river starts in Colorado
and extends downward to the Gulf of Mexico.
Downward is the best way of describing it too. Not only does the river extend south,
but it also starts in the mountains and gets lower and lower in elevation as it extends to
the Gulf.
Its name is Spanish for the “Big River”, but the Rio Grande is actually known as Rio
Bravo in Mexico. “Bravo” translates as “furious”, so the name makes sense. Because of
its twists and turns, it certainly does seem to be angrier than most rivers!

The Rio Grande Today

The Rio Grande is mostly used as a source of drinking water. Sadly, much of the
water has been drained from the river. Parts of the river are almost dry! This is because
people use more water from the river than the river can get back from rain and other
sources. Experts are working to correct this, though, with hopes of restoring the river to
its past strength.
Today, the river is important as a source of water for Texans and Mexicans. More
important, it is a symbol of cooperation between two nations. Though borders like the
Rio Grande separate nations, they are also shared spaces. The Rio Grande is therefore
a symbol of friendship and peace between two peoples.

L.L. 15. According to the passage, why is the Rio Grande so important?

A. It is a source of drinking water for most of the United States.

B. It is the border of Texas and Mexico.
C. It is the longest river system in the United States.
D. It is known by two different names.
A.L. 16. In paragraph 3, the author most likely writes that “downward is the best way
of describing it too” to

A. Prove that the Rio Grande’s water levels have gone down recently
B. Argue that the Rio Grande has changed shape over the years
C. Highlight the fact that the Rio Grande flows south and from high elevations
D. Explain why the Rio Grande is known as the Rio Bravo down in Mexico

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I.L. 17. What is the most significant purpose of Rio Grande?

A. It is the symbol of friendship.

B. It is the symbol of life.
C. It is a boundary.
D. It separates two nations.

L.L. 18. Based on its use in paragraph 4, the word furious nearly means

A. Angry
B. Large
C. Twisted
D. Dry

I.L. 19. In paragraph 5, the author explains that the Rio Grande is slowly dry. What
do you think would happen if the river ever went completely dry?

A. Boundaries will be gone.

B. Fishes will be limited.
C. Drinking water source will get low.
D. Water level will decrease.

A.L. 20. What value could we suggest to the selection?

A. Division of Nation
B. Care for the environment
C. Respect for Ecology
D. Utilization of Resources

E.L. 21. At the beginning of the passage, we learn that the Rio Grande is “one of the
most important” rivers in America. Can you think of another important landform that
exists where you live? What makes it so important?

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 THE INCREDIBLE MACHINE

Everyone has a favorite attraction at an amusement park, and I am no different.

However, unlike most people who seem to prefer rollercoasters, my favorite ride is a
little more gentle. Every time I go to Coney Island, Navy Pier, or the Santa Monica Pier, I
absolutely have to ride the Ferris Wheel.
The Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite complex. That is, riding it is easy, but
how it works is complicated. A series of carts are attached to a wheel, which is attached
to a rim. That rim rotates vertically around an axis, and gravity keeps the carts upright.
As simple as the ride seems, only advanced engineers can make safe and fun Ferris
wheels.

What It Lacks in Thrills...

While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as a rollercoaster, it is still very exciting. The
fact of being high in the air makes it so much more entertaining than a lot of rides. I
mean, how often do you hang from that high up in daily life?
Nevertheless, I have to admit, I don’t seek Ferris wheels out because of their
excitement. Rather, I find them very relaxing. At the top of the Ferris wheel, you get
beutiful sights at the park. You also get a sense of calm that you don’t get in the hustle
and bustle of the park below.
Additionally, Ferris wheels are also gorgeous to look at when they are lit up at night.
In fact, the original Ferris wheel was designed as much to be seen as to be ridden.

It Happened at the World’s Fair

The first Ferris wheel was made by and named after George Washington Gale
Ferris, Jr. He designed it for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. It was the tallest
attraction there, standing 264 feet high.
However, visitors to the fair were impressed by the size of the ride as well as the
mechanics of it. In 1893, anything that was not turned by hand was considered a sight
to see. And the wheel, which was a machine, was truly incredible to see. Further, as one
visitor put it, the wheel was amazing because it seemed to be missing support. That is,
did not look like it could stand on its own. And yet it did and even rotated.

They Keep Reaching Higher and Higher

Ferris wheel technology has only improved since then. Most of today’s Ferris
wheels are much larger than the first one. The largest in the world is the “Singapore
Flyer”, which stands slightly taller than twice what Ferris did.
Today, the Ferris wheel is the most common amusement park ride. But that does
not mean you should take them for granted. Instead, be thankful for Ferris’ invention.
The next time you’re at an amusement park, don’t just look up at the impressive wheel
in the sky on your way to a newer attraction. Take a spin!

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I.L. 22. What probably could be seen while riding on Ferris wheels?

A. Little crowd below

B. Entertainment above
C. Amazing views on top
D. Tallest attractions

L.L. 23. As used in paragraph 1, the word attraction most nearly means

A. Sense
B. Park
C. Ride
D. Vision

I.L. 24. It can be understood that Coney Island, Navy Pier, and the Santa Monica
Pier are all examples of

A. Amusement parks
B. Ferris wheels
C. Vacation spots
D. Boat docks

L.L. 25. As used in paragraph 2, which is the best antonym for complex?

A. Impressive
B. Beautiful
C. Exciting
D. Simple

A.L. 26. What does the author like best about Ferris wheels?

A. The impressive engineering and beauty of them

B. The excitement and thrills they guarantee
C. The beautiful sights and relaxation they allow
D. The fact that most amusement parks have one

A.L. 27. This passage was most likely written to

A. Describe the author’s favorite amusement park rides

B. Explain the original design of Ferris wheels and how they work today
C. Describe the history of Ferris wheels and why they are so popular
D. Explain the history of Ferris wheels and why the author like them

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A.L. 28. Using information in the passage, the reader can understand that the tallest
Ferris wheel in the world is

A. Under 250 feet tall

B. Between 250 and 500 feet tall
C. Between 500 and 750 feet tall
D. Over 750 feet tall

A.L. 29. What could be Ferris intention to create the wheel?

A.) entertainment
B.Ventilation
C.Entrepreneurship
D.Attraction

I.L. 30. In paragraph 3, the narrator says, “While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as
a roller coaster, it is still very exciting.” What is the meaning of this line?

A. Ferris wheel is fun.

B. Ferris wheel is breathtaking.
C. Ferris wheel is overwhelming.
D. Ferris wheel is relaxing.

E.L. 31. In paragraph 2, the narrator says, “As simple as the ride seems, only
advanced engineers can make safe and fun Ferris wheels.” Can you think of any other
machines that seem simple but actually are not? List at least one and explain why they
are not actually simple.

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 TOOLS OF PERSUASION

Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view.
According to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of
persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that she is a credible source.
An audience will consider a speaker credible if she seems trustworthy, reliable, and
sincere. This can be done in many ways. For example, a speaker can develop ethos by
explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you would
be more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than
a firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a
good person who has their best interests at heart. If an audience cannot trust you, you
will not be able to persuade them.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example,
a speaker who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone
can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience
with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, a charity organization that
helps animals might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats. These images
are intended to fill the viewers with pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals, they
will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, information, statistics, or other evidence to make your
argument more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have
data to back up your claims. For example, a commercial soap might tell you that
laboratory tests have shown that their soap kills all 7,000,000 of the bacteria living on
your hands right now. This piece of information might make you more likely to buy their
brand of soap. Presenting this evidence is much more convincing than simply saying
“our soap is the best!” Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos; the more facts
a speaker includes in his argument, the more likely you are to think that he is educated
and trustworthy.
Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most
effective when they are used together. Indeed, most speakers use a combination of
ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences. The next time you listen to a
speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend, try to convince you to lend him some
money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

L.L. 32. As used in paragraph 2, what is the best antonym for credible?

A. Unintelligent
B. Boring
C. Dishonest
D. Amazing

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L.L. 33. Amy is trying to convince her mother to buy her a pair of P500.00 shoes. She
says, “ Mom, the shoes I have are really old and ugly. If I don’t get these new shoes,
everyone at school is going to laugh at me. I will be so embarrassed that I will want to
die.” What form of persuasion is Amy using here?

A. Pathos
B. Ethos
C. Logos
D. A combination of ethos, pathos, and logos

I.L. 34. What could be the best tool of persuasion to use when you are going to
convince a certain group of individual to join a newly organized association?

A. Ethos
B. Pathos
C. Logos
D. All of the above
A.L. 35. According to the passage, the most effective tool of persuasion is

A. Ethos, because you cannot persuade an audience that does not trust you
B. Logos, because it can also be used to build ethos
C. A combination of ethos, pathos, and logos
D. Pathos, because human beings are most easily persuaded by emotion

E.L. 36. Imagine you wanted to convince an uninformed person to take a political
position that is the same as yours. What issue would you try to talk to this person
about? Why?

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 POST TEST

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow it. Write the
letter of your choice.

A Daily Record

A diary is a daily personal record. In it the writer is free to record anything at all. This
may include events, comments, ideas, reading notes, or any subject on one’s mind.
Diaries may be kept for various purposes - to record the experiences of one’s life so as
not to forget them, to record ideas that might prove useful, or simply to express through
the medium of the printed word.

In past centuries people in public life often kept diaries. These have become
valuable sources of fact and interpretation for later historians. The private candid
observations set down in these personal journals often provide truer pictures of age
than do records or other books, which may have been censored during that time. For
the most part, these diaries were never intended to be read by others. The entries were
made smply as aids to memory or as a form of relaxation.

In modern times, however, politicians and other people realize that their ideas will
likely be read by historians or in published form, by the public. Thus they may make
entries with these readers in mind. As a result, their diaries may lose the confidential,
intimate nature of the older ones. On the other hand, their entries may tend to be more
complete and self-explanatory.

The most famous diary ever written in English was kept by Samuel Pepys. A civilian
official of the British army, Pepys made regular entries between 1660 and 1669. His
diary starts at the beginning of the Restoration period in English history and describes
many of the court intrigues and scandals of his day. The diary reveals Pepys as a man
with many human weaknesses but one who has honest with himself. He wrote his
entries in a combined code and shortened that was not solved until more than 100
years afte his death. The most famous diary of the 20th century was published with the
simple title Diary of a Young Girl. It was more commonly known as The Diary of Anne
Frank. Anne was a young Jewish girl whose diary records the two years her family
spent in hiding, mostly in the Netherlands, trying to escape the Nazi persecutors of the
Jews. She and her family were finally caught in August 1944. She was imprisoned and
died at a concentration camp in Germany in March 1945.

1. A diary is
A. A report on world events
B. A daily personal record
C. A documentary
D. A list of daily activities

2. The most famous diary ever written in English was kept by

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 A. Samual Johnson
B. Samuel Pepys
C. Anne Frank
D. Benjamin Franklin

3. Diary of a Young Girl was written

A. During the civil war

B. In the 1940’s
C. During the 19th century
D. During the Second World War

4. Anne Frank’s diary describes

A. The years her family spent hiding from the Nazis

B. A German concentration camp
C. The life of an average young girl
D. The life during the civil war

5. Diaries of the past may give a truer picture of an age than published books because
A. Diaries are uncensored
B. Published books give only one point of view
C. Amateur writers were more thorough than professional writers
D. Published books are edited

6. Today’s diarists may not be as confidential as those in the past because

A. They expect that their diaries will be read by others
B. They have more secrets to hide
C. People today are harsher critics
D. People today are free writers

7. You may conclude from the article that Samuel Pepys wrote his diary in code and
shorthand because

A. He was fond of mysteries

B. He did not want his diary to be read by the wrong people
C. He could not write in proper English
D. He did not want anybody to touch his life

8. It is a probable that most people keep diaries in order to

A. Became famous
B. Keep personal records
C. Practice their writing skills
D. Express themselves in writing

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Explain the question in 2 sentences only.

9-10. Have you tried writing a diary of your own? Why would you want to write a diary?

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 INTRODUCTION

This Learning Resource material is specially made to get the leveling of the level
of reading comprehension of students in Grade 7 and Grade 8. The teacher that will
conduct the test is going to record the scores by the following levels namely:

L.L. (Literal Level)

I.L. (Interpretative Level)
A.L. (Appreciative Level)
E.V. (Evaluative Level)

After the leveling, the teacher will rank the learner’s score according to levels and
after that target the level where the learner gets low. After the mastery of the lowest
comprehension levels, the learner has to pass and at least get the 75% score from the
post test in order to determine if the learner had learned the level completely.

May this be of great help. Thanks so much and God bless!

Mrs. Golda L. Tabunag

Writer-Educator

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 WORKS CITED

Internet Sources

www.tandfonline.com/loi/hssr20/scientificstudiesof reading/#page=2

www.dominican.edu.com/creating-instruction-for-all-children-/#pages=192-236

www.kledecka-mgn.htm/application-of-computer-assisted-learning-in-the-

development-of-reading-comprehension-skills/2001

www.ReadTheory.org/Reading-Comprehension-Assessment/2012

www.reading-comprehension-assessment-review.pdf/reading

reading comprehension review/#pages=1-11

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