2007-2008

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

M. Tech (Computers & Communications)
Course Structure (w.e.f. 2007-2008)
I Semester
Code L P C Int Ext Total
Subject
CC101 Computer System Architecture 4 - 8 40 60 100
CC102 Data Base Management Systems 4 - 8 40 60 100
CC103 Wireless Communications and Networks 4 - 8 40 60 100
CC104 Advanced Communication Systems 4 - 8 40 60 100
Elective (Two subjects from the list) -
CC105 a) EMI/EMC 4 8 40 60 100
CC106 b) Information Theory & Coding Techniques
c) Embedded System Design
CC107 d) Internet Protocols 4 8 40 60 100
CC108 e) Advanced Digital Signal Processing
CC109 f) Reliability Engineering in Electronic System
CC110
CC111 Advanced Communications Lab - 3 4 40 60 100
Total: 24 3 52 280 420 700

II Semester
Code Subject L P C Int Ext Total
CC201 Network Security & Cryptography 4 - 8 40 60 100
CC202 Computer Networks (Internetworking) 4 - 8 40 60 100
CC203 System Modeling & Simulation 4 - 8 40 60 100
CC204 Optical Communication and Networks 4 - 8 40 60 100
Elective (Two subjects from the list) -
CC205 (a) Digital System Design 4 8 40 60 100
CC206 (b) High Speed Networks
CC207 (c) Adaptive Signal Processing 4 8 40 60 100
CC208 (d) Real Time Operating Systems
CC209 (e) Radar Signal Processing
CC210 (f) Digital Image Processing
CC211 Design & Simulation Lab - 3 4 40 60 100
Total: 24 3 52 280 420 700

III Semester & IV Semester

CC301 Seminar 4
CC401 Project work 24
Total Credits: 132
Grade A: Excellent, B: Good, C: Satisfactory and D: Unsatisfactory and Seminar evaluation is for
a maximum of 100 marks of 4 credits.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE

Unit – I
Evolution of Computer Systems: Trends towards parallel processing, Parallelism in uniprocessor systems: Basic
Uniprocessor Architecture, Parallel Processing Mechanisms, Balancing of subsystem bandwidth, Multiprogramming
and Time Sharing, Parallel computer structures: Pipeline computers, Array Computers, Multiprocessors Systems,
Architectural classification schemes: Multiplicity of Instruction-Data Streams, Serial versus Parallel Processing,
Parallism versus pipelining, Parallel processing applications, Control designs (Refer text 3).

Unit – II
Hierarchical Memory Structure: Memory hierarchy, Addressing schemes for main memory.

Unit – III
Pipelining: Principles of linearing Pipelining and space-time diagram, Classification of pipeline processors, General
pipelines and Reservation tables, Interleaved Memory Organization, Instruction and arithmetic pipelines: Design of
Pipe-lined Instruction Units, Principles of designing pipeline processor: Instruction Prefetch and Branch Handling.

Unit – IV
SIMD Array Processors: SIMD Computer organizations, Masking and Data Routing mechanisms, Inter-PE
Communications, SIMD Interconnection Networks: Static versus Dynamic Networks, Mesh-Connected Illiac Network,
parallel Shifter, Shuffle-Exchange and Omega Networks.

Unit – V
Parallel algorithms for array processor: SIMD matrix multiplication, Parallel Sorting on Array Processor, SIMD
Fast Fourier Transform, Associative Array Processing: Associative array processors.

Unit – VI
Functional Structures: Loosely Coupled Multi-processor, Tightly coupled multiprocessors, Processor characteristics
for Multiprocessing, Interconnection Networks: Crossbar Switch and Multiport Memories multistage networks for
Multiprocessors, Parallel Memory Organizations, Multiprocessing Operating Systems: Classification, Software
requirements for MPS, Exploiting Concurrency for Multiprocessing: language features to exploit parallelism, Parallel
Algorithms for Multiprocessors: Synchronized Parallel Algorithms, Asynchronized Parallel Algorithms.

Unit – VII
Data-Driven Computing and Languages: Control flow versus data flow Computers, Data Flow Computer
Architectures: Static Data Flow Computers, Dynamic Data Flow Computers, Data flow graphs and languages,
Dataflow design alternatives, VLSI computing structures: Systolic array architecture, VLSI matrix arithmetic
processor.

Unit – VIII
Recent Vector Processors: Architecture of Cray –1, Architecture of Cyber super computers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Computer Architecture and parallel processing”, Wang K. Briggs F.A, McGraw Hill.
2. “Introduction to Computer Architecture”, Stone H., Galgotia.
3. “Computer Architecture and Organization”, John P. Hayes, McGraw Hill.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Database Management Systems

Objective:

Learn about data base design concepts, data models(entity- relationship and relational model),the data base query
language SQL and components of a data base management system. Further topics include query processing and
optimization techniques, transaction mangement, and storage and file structures.

UNIT-I
Data base system applications: data base system VS file system-view of data – data abstraction- instances and
schemes – data models-the ER model – relational model- other models – data base languages- DDL-DML-data base
access for applications programs- data base users and administrators- transaction management – data base systems
structure – storage manager- the query processor- history of data base systems.Data base design and ER diagrams-
beyond ER design entities, attributes and entity sets – relationships and relationship sets – additional features of ER
model- concept design with the ER model – conceptual design for large enterprises.

UNIT-II II:
Relational model: introduction to the relational model- integrity constraint over relations – enforcing integrity
constraints- querying relational data – logical data base design – introduction to views-destroying / altering tables and
views.
Relational algebra and calculus: relational algebra- selection and projection set operations – renaming-joins –
divisions- examples of algebra overviews – relational calculus- topple relational calculus- domain relational calculus –
expressive power of algebra and calculus.

UNIT-III
Form of basic SQL query-examples of basic SQL queries-introduction to nested queries – correlated nested queries set-
comparison operators – aggregative operators- NULL values- comparison using null values- logical connectivities-
AND ,OR and NOTR-impact on SQL constructs – outer Joins disallowing NULL values – complex integrity
constraints in SQL 0 triggers and active data bases .

UNIT-IV
Schema refinement - problems caused by redundancy- decompositions – problems related to decomposition- reasoning
about FDS – FIRST, SECOND, THIRD normal forms- BCNF-loss less join decompositon-dependancy preserving
decomposition – schema refinement in data base design- multivalued dependencies – fourth normal form.

UNIT-V
Overview of transaction management: ACID properties – transactions and schedules- concurrent execution of
transaction – lock based concurrency control- performance locking- transaction support in SQL-introduction to crash
recovery.

UNIT-VI
Concurrency control: serializability , and recoverability-introduction to lock management- lock conversions – dealing
with dead locks-specialised locking techniques –concurrency without locking.
Crash recovery: introduction to ARIES – the log- other recovery related structures- the write –ahead log protocol-check
pointing-recovering from a system crash-media recovery-other approaches and interaction with concurrency control.

UNIT-VII
Overview of storage and indexing: data on external storage-file organization and indexing- cluster indexes , primary
and secondary indexes-index data structures- hash based indexing-tree based indexing-comparison of file
organizations- indexes and performance tuning.

UNIT-VIII
Relational query optimization: translating SQL queries into algebra-a query block as relational algebra expression –
estimating the cost of a plan- estimating resultgizes.
 2007-2008

Tree structured indexing: intuitions for free indexes – indexed sequential axis methods (ISAM) – B+ trees :a dynamic
index structure.

Hash based indexing: static hashing- extendible hashing- linear hashing- extendible vs. linear hashing.

Text Books:
1.Data Based Management Systems,Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke. Tata Mc Graw Hill 3 rd Edition.
2.Data Base System Concepts, Silbarschatz, Korth,Mc Graw Hill 4 th edition.

References:
1.Introduction to data base systems,C.J.Date Pearson Education.
2.Data Base Systems Design , Implementation , and Management , Rob and Coronel 5 th Ed. Thompson.
3.Data Base Management System, Elmasri Navrate Pearson Education.
4.Data Base Management System, Mathew Leon , Leon Vikas.
5.Data Base Systems , Connoley Pearson Education.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

WIRELESS COMMUNCIATIONS AND NETWORKS

UNIT-I
Overview of wireless communications and networking: Historical overview of wireless communications challenges
in wireless communication networking, wireless communication standards [Ref. Text book 1].

UNIT - II
Multiple Access Techniques For Wireless Communication: Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, Spread Spectrum,
Multiple access, SDMA, Packet radio, Packet radio protocols, CSMA protocols [Ref. Text book 2].

UNIT - III
Wireless Networking: Introduction, Difference between wireless and fixedtelephone networks, Development of
wireless networks, Traffic routing in wireless networks. CDPD, Common channel signaling, ISDN, SS7 [Ref. Text
book 2].

UNIT - IV
Mobile IP And Wireless Application Protocol: Mobile IP Operation of mobile IP, Discovery, Registration,
Tunneling, WAP Architecture, overview, WML scripts, WTP service, Wireless session protocol, wireless transaction
protocol, Wireless datagram protocol [Ref. Text book 3].

UNIT - V
Wireless LAN Technology: Overview, Infrared LANs, Spread spectrum LANs, Narrow bank microwave LANs, IEEE
802 protocol Architecture, IEEE802.11 architecture and services, other IEEE 802.11 standards [Ref. Text book 3].

UNIT - VI
Blue Tooth: Overview, Blue Tooth application, Protocol architecture, Usage models, Base band specification, Blue
tooth radio [Ref. Text book 3].

UNIT - VII
Wireless WANs: GSM: GSM Services, Reference architecture, Short messaging service in GSM.
GPRS: Reference architecture, Mobility support in GPRS [Ref. Text book 4].

UNIT - VIII
Wireless ATM and Adhoc Routing: Introduction, Wireless ATM architecture, HIPERLAN 2, Routing in wireless
Adhoc Networking [Ref. Text book 4].

TEXT BOOKS
1. John w. Mark weihua Zhuang, “Wireless Communication and Networking”, PHI 2003.
2. Theodore, S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice”, PHI, 2 nd Edn., 2002.
3. William Stallings, “Wireless communication and Networking”, PHI, 2003.
4. Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, “Principles of Wireless Networks”, Pearson Education, 2002.

REFERENCES
1. P. Nicopolitids, “Wireless Networks”, Wiley Publishers, 2003.
2. Ivan Stonjmenovic, “Hand books of Wireless networks and Mobile Computing”, Wiley Publishers, 2003.
3. Mooi Choo Chuah, “Design and Performance of 3G Wireless Networks & WLANs”, Springer Publishers,
2006.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Advanced Communication Systems

UNIT-I
Digital communications: Digital amplitude modulation- frequency shift keying- phase shift keying- quadrature
amplitude modulation- band width efficiency- carrier recovery- differential phase shift keying- clock recovery-
probability of error and bit error rate.

UNIT-II
Data communications: History of data communications- standards organizations for data communications- data
communications circuits- data communications codes- error control- synchronization- data communications hardware-
serial interfaces- parallal interfaces.

UNIT-III
Data communications protocols and network configurations: Open systems interconnection- data transmission
modes- asynchronous protocols- synchronous protocols- public data network- synchronous optical network- integrated
services digital network.

UNIT-IV
Multiplexing: Time division multiplexing- T1 digital carrier system- CCITT time division multiplexed carrier system-
codes- combo chips- line encoding- T-carriers- statistical time division multiplexing- frequency division multiplexing.

UNIT-V
Spread spectrum techniques 1: Introduction to spread spectrum techniques- spectrum of a signal- communication
problems with traditional digital modulation techniques- spread spectrum performance in the communication problem
areas- spread spectrum digital communication system model- positive performance features of spread spectrum
techniques- advantages and limitations of spread spectrum communication techniques- spread spectrum codes- PN
codes- other spreading codes.

UNIT-VI
Spread spectrum techniques 2: Classification of spread spectrum systems- direct sequence spread spectrum
systems(DSSS)- base band(DSSS) system- BPSK direct sequence spread spectrum system- advantages and limitations
of DSSS systems- frequency hopped spread spectrum system(FHSS)- demodulation using different PN code at
receiver- advantages and limitations of FHSS systems- other spectrum systems- time hopping spread spectrum systems-
pulsed FM spread spectrum systems- example of spread spectrum system.

UNIT-VII
Multiple access techniques: Introduction- types of multiple access techniques- conflict free multiple access
techniques- static allocation multiple access techniques- dynamic allocation- contention-based multiple access
protocols- static resolution protocols- dynamic resolution protocols- multiple access system: satellite transponder- pre-
assigned multiple access(PAMA) – demand assigned multiple access(DAMA)- randomly assigned multiple access.

UNIT-VIII
Data encryption & decription techniques: Need for data encryption, basic encryption & decription model- popular
cipher systems- block ciphers- stream ciphers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Advanced electronic communications systems- wayne tomasi, 5 th edition.PHI
2.Advanced digital communication systems- by NIIT, PHI 2007.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8
EMI/EMC

Unit I
Introduction: History and concept of EMI, Definitions of EMI/EMC, Electro magnetic environment, Practical
experiences and concerns, frequency spectrum conservations, mechanisms of EMI generation, EMI testing, Methods of
elimination of EMI and Biological effects of EMI.

Unit II
Natural and manmade sources of EMI/EMC: Sources of Electromagnetic noise, typical noise paths, modes of noise
coupling, designing for EM compatibility, lightening discharge, electro static discharge (ESD), electro magnetic pulse
(EMP).

Unit III
EMI from apparatus / Circuits and open area test sides: Electro magnetic emissions, noise from relays and
switches, non-linearities in circuits, passive inter modulation, transients in power supply lines, EMI from power
electronic equipment, EMI as combination of radiation and conduction

Open area test sides: OATS measurements, measurement precautions.

Unit IV
Radiated interference measurements: anechoic chamber, TEM cell, reverberating chamber, GTEM cell, comparison
of test facilities,

Unit V
Conducted interference measurement: Characterization of conduction currents/ voltages, conducted EM noise and
power lines, conducted EMI from equipment, immunity to conducted EMI, characteristics of EMI filters and power
line filter design.

Unit VI
Grounding and Cabling: Safety and signal grounds, low and high frequency grounding methods, grounding of
amplifiers and cable shields, isolation, neutralizing transformers, shield grounding at high frequencies, digital
grounding, types of cables, mechanism of EMI emission / coupling in cables.

Unit VII
Shielding and Bonding: effectiveness of shielding, near and far fields / impedances, methods of analysis, total loss due
to absorption and reflection effects, composite absorption and reflection losses for electric fields / magnetic fields,
magnetic materials as a shield, shield discontinuities, slots and holes, seams and joints, conductive gaskets

Electrical Bonding, Shape and Material for Bond straps, General Characteristics of good bonds.

Unit VIII
Components for EMC and EMC Standards: Choice of capacitors, inductors, transformers and resistors, EMC design
components

National / International EMC standards, military and civilian standards.

Text Book:
1. Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility by Dr. V.P. Kodali, IEEE Publication, Printed in India by S. Chand &
Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.
2. Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility IMPACT series, IIT-Delhi, Modules 1-9.

References:

1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility, Ny, John Wiley, 1992, by C.R. Pal.

2. Radar hand book by Skolink.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8
Information Theory & Coding Techniques

UNIT – I
Source coding: Mathematical model of Information, A Logarithmic Measure of Information, Average and Mutual
Information and Entropy, coding for Discrete less sources, Source coding theorem, fixed length and variable length
coding, properties of prefix codes.

UNIT – II
Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman code, Huffman code applied for pair of symbols, efficiency calculations, Lempel-Ziv
codes.

UNIT – III
Linear Block codes: Introduction to Linear block codes, Generator Matrix, Systematic Linear Block codes, Encoder
Implementation of Linear Block Codes, Parity Check Matrix, Syndrome testing, Error Detecting and correcting
capability of Linear Block codes.

UNIT – IV
Hamming Codes, Probability of an undetected error for linear codes over a Binary Symmetric Channel, Weight
Enumerators and Mac-Williams identities, Perfect codes, Application of Block codes for error control in data storage
Systems.

UNIT – V
Cyclic Codes: Algebraic structure of cyclic codes, Binary Cyclic code properties, Encoding in systematic and non-
systematic form, Encoder using (n-k) bit shift register, Syndrome Computation and Error detection, Decoding of Cyclic
Codes, Cyclic Hamming Codes.

UNIT –VI
Convolutional Codes: encoding of Convolutional codes, Structural properties of Convolutional codes, state diagram,
Tree diagram, Trellis Diagram, maximum, Likelihood decoding of Convolutional codes.

UNIT – VII
Viterbi Algorithm, Fano, Stack Sequential decoding algorithms, Application of Viterbi and sequential decoding.

UNIT – VIII
BCH Codes: Groups, fields, binary Fields arithmetic, construction of Falois fields GF (2 m ), Basic properties of Falois
Fields, Computation using Falois Field GF (2 m ) arithmetic, Description of BCH codes, Decoding procedure for BCH
codes, Berlkamp algorithm and simplified algorithm for finding error location polynomial for Binary BCH codes.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Digital Communications – John G. Proakis, Mc. Graw Hill Publication.
2. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – K. Sam Shanmugam.
3. Communication Systems – Simon Hykin

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Error Control Coding – Fundamentals and Applications by SHU LIN and Daniel J. Costello, Jr. Prentice Hall Inc.
2. Digital Communications – Fundamental and Application by Bernard sklar, Pearson Education Asia.
3. Error Control Coding Theory by Man Young Rhee, Mc. Graw Hill Publ.
4. Digital Communications by Symon Hykin.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8
Embedded System Design

Unit – I
An introduction to embedded systems: An embedded system, examples, current technologies, integration in system
design, embedded system design flow, hardware design concepts, software development, processor in embedded
system and other hardware units, introduction to processor based embedded system design concepts.

Unit – II
Devices in embedded system: I/o devices, timer and counting devices, ROM devices, serial communication devices
and parallel communication devices, interrupts and their control of processors.

Unit – III
Programming concepts: Data types, data structures, modifiers, macros, functions, optimization of memory needs,
embedded system tools – hardware and software development tools.

Unit – IV
Program modeling concepts: Modeling process for software analysis, modeling of multi processor system, software
algorithm concepts, software design, implementation and testing, validating and debugging, maintenance.

Unit – V
Software design: Survey of software architecture – round robin, round robin with interrupts, function queue
scheduling architecture, real time operating system architecture, selecting an architecture saving memory space, getting
embedded software in target system, debugging technique.

Unit – VI
Device drivers and interrupts servicing mechanism: Device drivers, parallel port and serial port drivers in a system,
device drivers for internal programmable timing devices, interrupt servicing mechanism, dynamically linked libraries
(DLL), context switching, latency principles.

Unit – VII
Hardware and software co-design in embedded systems: Embedded system design and co-design issues, design
cycle in development phase, ICE, issues in embedded system design.

Unit – VIII
Embedded system design examples: Case studies – design of embedded systems using Xillinx processor based design
i.e. power PC processor based embedded design, Micro blaze processor based embedded design, Altera based Nios
processor embedded system design.

Text Books:
1. Rajkamal, “Embedded system: Architecture, programming and design”, TMH.
2. Frank Vahid, Tony D. Givargis, “Embedded system design: A unified hardware / software introduction”,
John wiley & sons Inc. 2002.

Reference Books:
1. David E Simon, “ An embedded software primer”.
2. Arnold S Burger, “Embedded system design”, CMP.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Internet Protocols

Unit – 1
Introduction: Internet administration and standards. The OSI model and TCP/IP protocol, TCP/IP Versions.

Unit – 2
Internet Protocol – Part 1: IP addressing, different classes, subnetting, supernetting.

Unit – 3
Delivery and routing of IP packets, IP design, ARP and RARP.

Unit – 4
Internet Protocol – Part III: Internet control message protocol, message format, error reporting and query, ICMP
design, Internet group message protocol and its design, user datagram protocol, operation and design.

Unit – 5
Transmission Control Protocol: TCP services, flow control, error control, connection, congestion control, TCP
design and operation, routing protocols, RIP, OSPF and BGP.

Unit – 6
BOOTP and DHCP, DNS name space, distribution of name space, DNS resolution, types of records, Telnet and remote
login.

Unit – 7
File Transfer Protocol, connection, communication and command processing, TFTP, simple mail transfer protocol,
addresses, mail delivery, multipurpose Internet mail extensions. Post office protocol.

Unit – 8
Simple Network Management Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Next Generation IP Protocols, IPv6.

Text Books:

1.TCP/IP Protocol Suite – By Behrouz A. Porouzan, TMH, ed.-2000.

2. Internet Working with TCP/IP Vol.I: Principles, Protocols and Architecture – by Douglas E. Comes. (PHI) - 1997.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8
Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Unit – I
Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing:
Introduction, Decimation by a factor D, Interpolation by a factor I, Sampling rate conversion by rational factor I/D,
Implementation of sampling rate conversion: Poly phase filter structures, Interchange of filters and Down samplers /
Up samplers, Sampling rate conversion with cascaded integrator comb filters, Applications of multi-rate signal
processing, Digital filter banks.

Unit – II
Power Spectrum Estimation:
Estimation of spectra from finite duration observations of signals – Computation of the energy density spectrum,
Estimation of the auto correlation and power spectrums of random signals: The periodogram, The use of the DFT in
power spectrum estimation.

Unit – III
Non-parametric methods for power spectrum estimation:
Bartlett method, Welch method, Blackman and Tukey method, Performance characteristics of non-parametric power
spectrum estimators, Computational requirements of non-parametric power spectrum estimates.

Unit – IV
Parametric methods for power spectrum estimation:
Relationships between the auto correlation and the model parameters, Yule-Walker method for the AR model
parameters, Burg method for the AR model parameters, Unconstrained least squares method for the AR model
parameters, Sequential estimation methods for the AR model parameters, MA and ARMA model for power spectrum
estimation.

Unit – V
Effects of finite Register length in Digital Signal Processing:
Introduction, Effect of number representation on quantization, Quantization in sampling analog signals, Finite register
length effects in realization of IIR & FIR digital filters, Effects of finite register length in DFT computations.

Unit – VI
Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filter:
Random signals, Correlation functions and power spectra, Innovations representation of a stationary random process,
Forward and backward linear prediction, Properties of the linear prediction – Error filters, AR lattice and ARMA lattice
– Ladder filters, Wiener filters for filtering and prediction.

Unit – VII:
Introduction to wavelets, Wavelet transform
A first level introduction Continuous Time Frequency representation of signals, The windowed Fourier transform,
Properties of wavelets used in continuous wavelet transform, Discrete wavelet transform, Haar wavelet function,
Orthogonality of (t) and (t).

Unit – VIII
Discrete wavelet transform and relation to Filter Banks:
Introduction, Signal decomposition (Analysis) relation with filter banks, Frequency response signal reconstruction,
Perfect matching filters.
 2007-2008

Text Books:
1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and
Applications” Pearson Education, Fourth edition
2. K.P.Soman and K.I. Ramachandran, “Insight into Wavelets- From Theory to practice” PHI, Second Edition

References:
1. Lawrence R. Rabiner & Bernard gold, “Digital Signal Processing-Theory, Implementation & Applications,”
Prentice Hall of India
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech I Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Reliability Engineering in Electronic System

Unit- I
Definition of reliability and its management Introduction, History, Selected Definitions, General Relationship between
Terms, Reliability Concepts and Patterns of Failure, Variation in Engineering, Control of Variation, Reliability
Management, Reliability for System Effectiveness

Unit- II
Failure Statistics, Reliability and Hazard Rates Introduction, Failure Data, Reliability Function, Failure Rate and
Hazard Rate, Common Distributions in Failure Mechanisms, Model Selection for Component Failures, Methods of
Generic Failure Rate Determination, Failure Analysis

Unit- III
Reliability Prediction and analysis Introduction, Reliability Prediction Based on the Exponential Distribution,
Reliability Prediction – Design Based on Weibull Distribution, Reliability Prediction Method, Probability Theory,
System Reliability Analysis, Prediction in Perspective

Unit- IV
Reliability testing and Maintainability and Reliability Computation Introduction, Reliability Tests, Life Testing,
Accelerated Testing, Sequential Testing, Automatic Test Equipment, Success-Failure Testing, Failure Reporting and
Corrective Action Systems (FRACAS), Demonstration Tests, Maintainability Concepts, Maintainability Programme
Elements, Maintainability Modeling and Allocation, Maintainability Prediction, Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality
Analysis (FMECA), Design Aids for Maintainability, Maintainability Demonstration, Maintainability Data Systems,
Reliability and Maintainability Trade-off, Built-in Test (BIT).

Unit – V
Availability Analysis, Planning for Safety, Reliability Data Systems, Computation Approaches for Complex Systems,
Conventional Computation Approaches, Expert Systems

Unit- VI
Software Reliability Characteristics of Software Reliability Models, Software Reliability Model, Methods of Improving
Software Reliability, Hardware Reliability vs. Software reliability, System Trade-offs, History, Definition.

Unit – VII
Terotechnology The Terotechnology System, The Terotechnology Process, Introducing Terotechnology into
Programmes, Strategies for Terotechnology, Training in Terotechnology, Practice of Terotechnology.

Unit – VIII
Maintenance Cost, Budgeting and total Quality management in ISO 9000 Maintenance Costs, Cost Codes, Cost
Allocations, Overhead Calculations, Budgets, Objectives and Strategies, Cost Reports, Life Cycle Costing, Total
Quality Management, ISO 9000, Quality Audit

Text Book:
Reliability Engineering & Terotechnology - A.K. Gupta, McMillan Publications

Reference:
Inspection Quality Control and Reliability – S.C. Sarma, Khanna Publications
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SECOND SEMESTER

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Network Security & Cryptography

Unit – I
Introduction: Attacks, services and mechanisms, security attacks, security services, a model for internet work security,
protection through cryptography, the role of cryptography in network security.

Unit – II
Conventional Encryption: Conventional encryption model, classical encryption techniques, substitution techniques
and transposition techniques, block cipher principles, block cipher design principles, block cipher modes of operation.

Unit – III
Conventional Encryption Algorithms: The data encryption standard, triple DES, International data encryption
algorithm, Blowfish, RC5, characteristics of advanced symmetric block ciphers.

Unit – IV
Public-key encryption: Principles of public-key cryptosystems, the RSA algorithm, key management.

Unit – V
Authentication requirements, authentication functions, message authentication codes, hash functions, security of hash
functions and MAC’s.

Unit – VI
Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols: Digital signatures, Digital signature standard, Authentication
Protocols, MD5, message digest algorithm, secure hash algorithm, HMAC.

Unit – VII
Mall security & IP security: Pretty good privacy, S/MIME, IP security overview, IP security architecture,
Authentication header, key management.

Unit – VIII
System Security: Introducers, viruses and related threats, firewall design principles, trusted systems.

Text Book:
1. Cryptography and Networking Security, Principles and Practice – by William Stallings, PHI/Pearson Education Asia,
2 nd Ed. 2000.

Reference Book:
1. Network Security-Private Communication in a Public World, 2 nd ed., Kaufman, Perlman & Speciner, PHI, 2003.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Computer Networks (Internetworking)

UNIT – I
Introduction : OSI, TCP/IP and other networks models, Examples of Networks: Novell Networks ,Arpanet, Internet,
Network Topologies WAN, LAN, MAN.

UNIT - II
Physical Layer : Transmission media copper, twisted pair wireless, switching and encoding asynchronous
communications; Narrow band, broad band ISDN and ATM.

UNIT - III
Data link layer : Design issues, framing, error detection and correction, CRC, Elementary Protocol-stop and wait,
Sliding Window, Slip, Data link layer in HDLC, Internet, ATM.

UNIT - IV
Medium Access sub layer : ALOHA, MAC addresses, Carrier sense multiple access. IEEE 802.X Standard Ethernet,
wireless LANS. Bridges

UNIT - V
Network Layer : Virtual circuit and Datagram subnets-Routing algorithm shortest path routing, Flooding, Hierarchical
routing, Broad cast, Multi cast, distance vector routing.

UNIT – VI
Dynamic routing – Broadcast routing. Rotary for mobility. Congestion, Control Algorithms – General Principles – of
Congestion prevension policies. Internet working: The Network layer in the internet and in the ATM Networks.

UNIT –VII
Transport Layer: Transport Services, Connection management, TCP and UDP protocols; ATM AAL Layer Protocol.

UNIT – VIII
Application Layer – Network Security, Domain name system, SNMP, Electronic Mail; the World WEB, Multi Media.

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Andrew S Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, 4th Edition. Pearson Education/PHI
2. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, Third Edition TMH.

REFERENCES :
1. S.Keshav, “An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
2. W.A. Shay, “Understanding communications and Networks”, 3rd Edition, Thomson
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

System Modeling & Simulation

Unit I
System Models: Concepts, continuous and Discrete Systems, systems modeling, types of models, subsystems,
corporate model, system study.

Unit II
System simulation: Techniques, comparison of simulation and analytical methods, types of simulation, distributed log
models, cobwed models.

Unit III
Continuous system simulation: Numerical solution of differential equations, analog computers, hybrid computers,
continuous system simulation languages – CSMP, system dynamic growth models, logistic curves.

Unit IV
Probability concepts in simulation: Monte Carlo techniques, Stochastic variables, probability functions, random
number generation algorithms.

Unit V
Queuing Theory: Arrival pattern distribution, service times, queuing disciplines, measure of queues, mathematical
solutions to queuing problems.

Unit VI
Discrete Systems Simulation: Events generation of arrival patterns, simulation programming tasks, analysis of
simulation output.

Unit VII
GPSS and SEMSCRIPT: General description of GPSS and SEMSCRIPT, programming in GPSS.

Unit VIII
Simulation Programming techniques: Data Structures, implementation of activities, events and queues, event
scanning, simulation algorithms in GPSS and SEMSCRIPT.

Books:

1. Geoffery Gordan : Systems Simulation, PHI 1978.

 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Optical Communication and Networks

Unit –I
Overview of optical fiber communications: The evolution of fiber optic systems, elements of an optical fiber
transmission link. Advantages of optical fiber communication, applications.

Unit – II
Optical Fibers: structures, wave guiding, Nature of light, Basic optical laws and definitions, optical fiber modes and
configurations (Fiber types, Rays and modes, step index and graded index fibers). mode theory of circular waveguides.

Unit – III
Optical sources: LEDs, structures, quantum efficiency, modulation capability, Laser diodes: Laser diodes and
threshold conditions, external quantum efficiency resonant frequencies, laser diode structures and radiation pattern,
temperature effects, reliability.

Unit – IV
Photo Detectors: Physical principles of photodiodes (pin Photodiode, avalanche, photo diode) comparison of photo
detectors, noise in detectors.

Unit – V
Fabrication, cabling and installation: Fabrication, fiber optic cables, Installation- placing the cable.

Unit – VI
Optical Communication Systems: Block diagrams of optical communication systems, direct intensity modulation,
digital communication systems, Laser semiconductor transmitter, Generations of optical fiber link, description of 8
Mb/s optical fiber communication link, description of 2.5 Gb/s optical fiber communication link.

Unit – VII
Components of fiber optic Networks: Overview of fiber optic networks, Transreceiver, semiconductors optical
amplifiers, couplers/splicers, wavelength division multiplexers and de-multiplexers, filters, isolators and optical
switches.

Unit – VIII
Fiber Optic Networks: Basic networks, SONET/SDIT, Broad cast and select WDM Networks, wavelength routed
networks, optical CDMA.

Text Books:
1. Optical fiber communications – Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed. MGH.
2. Fiber Optic Communication Technology – Djafar K. Mynbaev and Lowell L. Scheiner, (Pearson Education Asia)
3. Optoelectronic devices and systems – S.C. Gupta, PHI, 2005.

Reference:
1. Fiber Optics Communications – Harold Kolimbiris (Pearson Education Asia)
2. Optical Fiber Communications and its applications – S.C. Gupta (PHI) 2004.
3. WDM Optical Networks – C. Siva Ram Murthy and Mohan Guru Swamy, PHI.
4. Fiber Optic communications – D.C. Agarwal, S.Chand Publications, 2004.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Digital System Design

Unit I
Computer Aided Minimization Procedure: CAMP Algorithm, Introduction to cube based Algorithms.

Unit II
Design of large scales Digital Systems: ASM Chart Method, Hardware Description language and control sequence
method, Design using PLAs, PALs, ASICs, PLDs.

Unit III
Fault Diagnosis in Combinational Circuits: Fault classes and models, Fault detection and location experiments, paths
sensitization and Boolean difference methods, Kohavi Algorithm. Failure tolerant design, introduction to fault-tolerant
VLSI processor arrays.

Unit IV
Fault Diagnosis in sequential circuits: State Identification and fault detection experiments, machine identification,
and design of fault detection experiment.

Unit V
Programmable Logic Arrays: PLA minimization and PLA folding.

Unit VI
Design for testability: Faults in PLAs test generation, DFT schemes, built in self- test.

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Z.Kohavi: Switching and finite Automata Theory (TMH).
2.N.N.Biswas : Logic design theory (PHI) .
3.Lala : Digital system Design Using PLDs.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Morris Mano : Digital Design.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

High Speed Networks

UNIT – I:
Network Services & Layered Architecture: Traffic characterization and quality of service, network services, high
performance networks, network elements, basic network mechanisms, layered architecture.

UNIT – II:
ISDN & B-ISDN: Over viewing ISDN, ISDN channels, User access, ISDN protocols, Brief history of B-ISDN and
ATM, ATM based services and application, principles and building blocks of B-ISDN, general architecture of B-ISDN,
frame relay.

UNIT – III:
ATM Networks: Network layering, switching of virtual channels and virtual paths, applications of virtual channels
and connections.

UNIT – IV:
QOS parameters, traffic descriptors, ATM service categories, ATM layers, ATM cell header, ATM adaptation layer.

UNIT – V:
Inter Connection Networks: Introduction, Banyan Networks, Routing algorithms & blocking phenomenon, Batcher-
Banyan networks, crossbar switch, three stage class networks.

UNIT – VI:
Rearrangeable Networks: Rearrangeable class networks, folding algorithm, bens network, looping algorithm.

UNIT – VII:
ATM Signaling, Routing and Traffic Control: ATM addressing, uni signaling, PNNI signaling, PNNI routing, ABR
Traffic management.

UNIT – VIII:
TCP/IP Networks: History of TCP/IP, TCP application and Services, Motivation, TCP, UDP, IP services and header
formats, Internetworking, TCP congestion control, Queue management: Passive & active QOS in IP networks:
differentialted and integrated services.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. ISDN & B-ISDN with Frame Relay – William Stallings, PHI.
2. Communication Networks - Leow Gavcia widjaja, TMH, 2000.
3. ATM Fundamentals – N. N. Biswas, Adventure books publishers, 1998.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Adaptive Signal Processing

UNIT I
Stochastic processes and models: Introduction, Correlation matrix, properties of correlation matrix, stochastic models,
auto regressive models, moving-average models, auto regressive – moving average models, Yule walker equations.

UNIT II
Wiener Filters and linear Prediction: Linear optimum filtering, statement of the problem, principle of orthogonality,
minimum mean square error, wiener – hopf equations, error performance surface, forward linear prediction, backward
linear prediction, Levinson Durbin algorithm, properties.

UNIT III
Method of Steepest Descent: Basic idea, steepest descent algorithm applied to wiener filters, stability, limitations and
summary.

UNIT IV
LMS algorithm: Overview, LMS Adaptation algorithms, stability & performance analysis of LMS Algorithms, LMS
gradient, & stochastic algorithms, convergence of LMS algorithm.

UNIT V
Method of least squares: Statement, data windowing, principle of orthogonality, minimum sum of error squares,
normal equations and linear least squares filters, properties, singular value decompositon.

UNIT VI
Recursive least squares adaptive filters: Matrix inversion, Lemma, exponentially weighted recursive least squares
algorithm, recursion for updating the sum of weighted error squares, convergence.

UNIT VII
Kalman filtering: Introduction, recursive mean square estimation random variables, statement of Kalman filtering
problem, filtering, initial conditions, summary of kalman filtering, variants of kalman filtering extend kalman filtering,

UNIT VIII
Adaptive signal processing applications: Adaptive linear combiner, adaptive channel equalizers, adaptive noise
canceling, adaptive echo cancellers, adaptive beam forming.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Simon Haykin-Adaptive filter Theory, PH.
2. Bernard Widrow-Adaptive signal processing, PH Pearson Education, Asia.

REFERENCES:
1. Sophocles. J. Orfamadis-optimum signal processing-An introduction, 2nd Ed., MGH.
2. S.Thomas Alexander –Adaptive signal processing-Theory and applications, Springer –Verlag.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Real Time Operating Systems

UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION: Definition and Classification of Real time systems: Concept of computer control, sequence, loop
and supervisor control, centralized, hierarchical and distributed systems, Human Computer interface, hardware
requirement for real time applications, specialized processors, interfaces, communications.

UNIT II:
REAL TIME LANGUAGES: Special features of languages for real time application, review of data types,
concurrency, exception handling, corountines, low level facilities. Overview of Real time languages, modula 2 and Ada
as a Real Time Languages. Real Time Operating Systems: (PSOS+Vx WORKS). Scheduling strategies, priority
structures, Task management, Real Time Clock Handler, Code sharing, Resource Control, Intertask Communication
and Control, Example of Creating and RTOS based on modula 2 kernel; Practical Real Time Operating Systems.

UNIT III:
DESIGN ASPECTS: Introduction to Design of Real Time Systems, Specification, Preliminary Design, multitasking
Approach, monitors, Rendezvous. Development Methodologies: Yourdon, Methodology, Ward and Mellor Method,
HATLEY & Pribhai method, MASXOT, PAISLEY System.

UNIT IV:
DESIGN ANALYSIS: Introduction: Petrinets, Analysis of Petri Nets, Scheduling problem Real Time Database, Real
Time Vs General Purpose Databases, Transaction priorities and Aborts, Concurrency Control, Disk Scheduling
Algorithms, Maintaining Serialization Consistency.

UNIT V:
FAULT TOLERANCE TECHNIQUES: Introduction: Faults, Errors and Failures, Fault types, Detection and
Containment, Redundancy, Integrated Failure Handling.

UNIT VI
RELIABILITY EVALUATION: Introduction, Parameters, Reliability Models for Hardware, Software Error Models.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Real Time Computer Control, Stuart Bennett, PHL 1997.
2. Real Time Systems, Krishna C. M. & Kand Shin G.Mc Graw Hill, 1997, L. R. Rabiner & R. W. Schafe.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Radar Signal Processing

Unit I
Introduction [1] – Radar Block Diagram, Radar Equation, Information Available from Radar Echo. Review of Radar
Range Performance [2] – General Radar Range Equation, Radar Detection with Noise Jamming, Beacon and Repeater
Equations, Bistatic Radar.

Unit II
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise - I [3]: Matched Filter Receiver – Impulse Response, Frequency Response
Characteristic and its Derivation, Matched Filter and Correlation Function, Correlation Detection and Cross-Correlation
Receiver. Efficiency of Non-Matched Filters, Matched Filter for Non-White Noise.

Unit III
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise - II [3]: Detection Criteria – Neyman-Pearson Observer, Likelihood-Ratio
Receiver, Inverse Probability Receiver, Sequential Observer. Detectors – Envelope Detector, Logarithmic Detector, I/Q
Detector. Automatic Detection - CFAR Receiver, Cell Averaging CFAR Receiver, CFAR Loss, CFAR Uses in Radar.
Radar Signal Management – Schematics, Component Parts, Resources and Constraints.

Unit IV
Waveform Selection [3, 2]: Radar Ambiguity Function and Ambiguity Diagram – Principles and Properties; Specific
Cases – Ideal Case, Single Pulse of Sine Wave, Periodic Pulse Train, Single Linear FM Pulse, Noiselike Waveforms.
Waveform Design Requirements. Optimum Waveforms for Detection in Clutter, Family of Radar Waveforms.

Unit V
Pulse Compression in Radar Signals: Introduction, Significance, Types. Linear FM Pulse Compression – Block
Diagram, Characteristics, Reduction of Time Sidelobes, Stretch Techniques, Generation and Decoding of FM
Waveforms – Block Schematic and Characteristics of Passive System, Digital Compression, SAW Pulse Compression.

Unit VI
Phase Coding Techniques: Principles, Binary Phase Coding, Barker Codes, Maximal Length Sequences
(MLS/LRS/PN), Block Diagram of a Phase Coded CW Radar.

Unit VII
Poly Phase Codes: Frank Codes, Costas Codes, Non-Linear FM Pulse Compression, Doppler Tolerant PC Waveforms
– Short Pulse, Linear Period Modulation (LPM/HFM). Sidelobe Reduction for Phase Coded PC Signals.

Unit VIII
Other Types of PC Waveforms – Basics of Nonlinear Binary Phase Coded Sequences, Complementary Codes,
Huffman Codes, Concatenated Barker Codes. Limiting in Pulse Compression, Cross-Correlation Properties,
Compatibility. Comparison of Different Pulse Compression Waveforms.

Text Books:
1) M.I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, McGraw Hill, 2 nd ed., 1991.
2) Fred E. Nathanson, Radar Design Principles – Signal Processing and The Environment, PHI, 2 nd ed., 1999.
3) M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, TMH, 3 rd ed., 2001.

References:
1) Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr., Radar Principles, John Wiley, 2004.
2) R. Nitzberg, Radar Signal Processing and Adaptive Systems, Artech House, 1999.
3) F.E. Nathanson, Radar Design Principles, McGraw Hill, 1 st ed., 1969.
 2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech II Semester (Computers & Communications Engineering) L P C

4 - 8

Digital Image Processing

Unit – I
Digital Image fundamentals: Introduction, An image model, sampling & quantization, basic relation ships between
Pixels; imaging geometry.

Unit – II
Image Transforms: Properties of 2-D Fourier transform, FFT algorithm and other separable image transforms. Walsh
transforms. Hadamard, Cosine, Haar, Slant transforms, KL transforms and their properties.

Unit – III
Image Enhancement: Background, enhancement by point processing, histogram processing, spatial filtering and
enhancement in frequency domain, color image processing.

Unit – IV
Image filtering and restoration: degradation model, diagnolisation of circulant and block circulant matrices,
Algebraic approach to restoration, inverse filtering, least mean squares restoration, constrained least squares and
interactive restoration, geometric transformations.

Unit – V
Image compression: Fundamentals, image compression modes, error free compression, lossy compression.

Unit – VI
Image segmentation: Detection of discontinuities, edge linking and boundary detection thresholding, region- oriented
segmentation, use of motion in segmentation.

Unit – VII
Representation and description: Various schemes for representation, boundary descriptors, regional descriptors.

Unit – VIII
Image reconstruction from Projections, Radon Transform; Convolution/ Filterback- Projection Algorithms.

Text Books:
1. C. Gonszalez & R.E. Woods “Digital Image Processing” Addison Wesley.

Reference:
1. A.K. Jain: “Fundamental of Digital Image Processing” PHI.