Introduction Variation with the distance from the
transmitter and the obstacle the distance
In this paper the effect of human body is
considered for millimetre wave
propagation in the indoor environment.
Human body is modelled as a non-static
obstacle that can cause temporary
variations in the channel. Certain
simplifications of human body are
modelled and analysed so the complexity
and time of mathematical calculations can
be reduced.
Abstract
Human body can be modelled as a double
knife-edge (DKE) model due to the
penetration depth of millimetre waves, far
field values can be reasonably
approximated by this model.
The DKE model works best when the
wavelength is much smaller than the
length and width. The paper hopes to find
the minimum values of length and width
for which the model gives a valid
approach to human body blocking effect.
For the case when the cube was used to
model the human body, when the ratio of
width/length was varied by changing the
width and fixing the length the results
showed that we can simulate a screen
with length, width much greater than the
wavelength when the dimensions are
greater than 10 times the wavelength.
from which DKE simplification works is
dependent on the antennas dimensions
and obstacles dimensions. When a 2mm
patch antenna is used and the length and
width are more than 10 times the
wavelength the results of the simulation
showed that there were no major far field
shape variations over 15 times the
wavelength.
When the thickness of the blocking
element is varied with length and width
much greater than the wavelength the
results showed that there were no major
variations in the diffracted far field shape.
This showed that the diffraction can be
characterized by a screen of infinitesimal
thickness.
Cylinders of elliptical ratios can also be
used for approximation of human body. At
high frequencies the human body can be
approximated by only considering the
effect of the torso. When compared with
the cylinders of elliptical ratios 1:1, 1:2
and 1:3 the results showed that the
diffracted far field can be modelled with a
screen of infinitesimal thickness.
The results also showed that the
minimum length from which the
diffracted field is not influenced by the
polarization orientation is 10 times the
wavelength.
Conclusion
When using DKE to model human body
the minimum cross section dimensions of
the blockage must be greater than or
equal to 10 times the wavelength. An
absorbing screen of infinitesimal thickness
can be used to model almost all
geometrical shapes. When the length or
width is less than 10 times the wavelength
then the polarization of diffracted field
becomes relevant.

Reference
"Applicability Limits of Simplified Human
Blockage Models at 5G mm-Wave
Frequencies" by J. Samuel Romero-Peña,
Narcís Cardona, 2019 13th European
Conference on Antennas and Propagation
(EuCAP)