[Tssued with Army Orders for February, 1923. SIGNAL TRAINING VOLUME Ill. Pamphlet No. 3. FULLERPHONE, MARK IIL* 1923. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESIY’S STATIONERY OFFICR, Toe purchased raraugh say Hoksliey or diretty tn HM, SFATIONERY OFFICE :t the tollowin; em: Terentay, Mouse, Kanaswax, Loxbos, 31, Peren Sraec, MaNcneran or 320, Gixmoe 1923. Price 3d. Net,By Command of the Army Council, Tue War Ormice. Febrvary, 1923,CONTENTS, CHAPTER 1. Seu. GenwxaL Disuiarnun, Paws 1. The advantages and disadvantages of the Pidlrphone 5 2. The instrument. vee 1 6 CHAPTER IL Teonnrcar, Descererion. 3. Theory of the PFullerphone te wee A 4. Superimposing Fullerphone and telephone - oe MT 5. Calling arrangements wilh the Fullerphone 17 6. Disturbance due to earth currents or leakuge Ww 7. Barth currents... vo 18 B. Use of potentiometer 18 9. Leakage currents from morse 9 10. Bxplanition of circuits wae 18 CHLAPTER. 111. Instructions vor Workrxa. 44. Connecting ups. 20 42. Tests we awe 25 413. To adjust vibrator ... 26 44. To test potentiometer 26 15. Use of potentiometer cae 26 16. Notes. ee eee ee 8 Aprenprx.-—List of component parts and nomenclature to be sed in demanding from R.A.0.C. (B 28/105) A2LIST OF DIAGRAMS. Fre. 1, Complete instrument (open). ves 2 Closed for transit fee tte tee ee 3, Instrument removed from case, front ... 4, Instrument removed from case, front... 5, Instrument removed from case, top 6. Instrument removed from case, back ... 7. Diagram, receiving circuit... & transmitting cirouit ... 9 General diagram. caus 9 (4) Diagram, looal chopper ciroulé eee 9 (4) 4, Fullerphone send and receive efreult ... 9% (©) 4 calling-primary ae % (>) 4 spoaking-primery cee 9% (r) 5, calling, and speaking, secondary... 9 (©) 4, speaking, secondary. Switch ot send and revive wo. 10. Diagram of connections ... oe 11, 1(a) OseillogrephsFULLERPHONE, MARK III’ CHAPTER I. GexeraL Discnterion. 4. Advantages and disadvantages of Pullerphone. 1, The Fullerphone is chiefly designed to take the place of the various “ buzzing” instruments in use in the Signsl Service, in order to obviate the well-known disadvantages of these instra- ments. 2, Tho advantages and disadvantages of tho “ Vibrator Telo- graph” or the “Telephone Set D” (when the buzzing call is used for signalling) are, shortly, as follows ;~ 3. Advantages of Vibrator. i, The apparatus is light and the battery power omall, conco quently it is very portable. ii. The signals are received in an ordinary telephone receiver which is very sensitive and robust, and requires no adjustment for ng etrength of signals. Ontinary morse aud vibrator signals can be sent simultaneously on the same line, iy. Lines in bad condition can be used, and signals can even be obtained in some cases when the line is broken. 4. The Disadvantages of Vibrator. i. The comparatively high potentiel and rapidly alternating currents which are sent along the line cause similar currents to fow in adjacent cirouits, either by induction or earth leakage (the latter is generally the more troublesome cause), thus not only causing interference between neighbouring circuits, but also enabling the messages to be read by suitable listening circuits at considerable distance. ‘The only way of obviating this interferonce and overhearing is by having a complete revolved metallic cirouit thoroughly well insuleted—a condition which it is impossible to maintain in shelled area. ii, This disadvantage also applies (though to a rather less extent) to any telephone. | The result is that any messages transmitted by “bummer” or telephone anywhere near the front lines are liable to be read by the enemy. (8 28/105) a35. Advantages of Fullerphone. ‘The Fullerphono retains advantages (1) and (2) of tho vibrator, It can be used simultaneously with a telephone or buzzer on one circuit, but cannot be used for telegraphy simultaneously with ordinary morse working. Advantage (4) is retained, and the Fullerphone will work over lines with very high resistauce and very low insulotion, but it will not work through either a condenser or an induction coil, and eon- sequently will never work if the line is broken. Tt will work over far greater distances than the vibrator. The Fullerphone has also the enormous advantage that, in prac- tice, it cannot bo overheard either by induction or earth leakage, and can only bo tapped by the direct connection of a suitable instrument totheline. Tt has been found that, with very apecial apparatus, it is possible to overhear a Fullerphone when the listening earth is within 50 or 60 yards of the Fullerphone earth, but this overhearing appara. tus is so sensitive to minute earth currents and requires such con- stant alteration in its adjustment to eliminate this interference, that, in practice, only a few signals at a ume can be overheard, A similar apparatus would overhear ordinary single-current: morse with far greater caso at much greater distance Tt must. he remembered that the buzzing call and telephone fitted ty the Fullesphone are not inunune frou overhearing 5 this imununity only appites to the Fullerphoue proper. ‘The buzzing call and speech. on the Kullerphone can be overheard in exactly the same way and to the same extent as the similar call and speech on the “ D” Marks IIT or TV telephone. 6. Disadvantages of Fullerphone. It is very sensitive to currents set up by any differences of potential in the earth, which cause small currents in the line. Such currents may enter either by the instrument earths or at points in the line whore the insulation is faulty. Leakage from neighbouring morse circuits is a fruitful source of such currents. The methods of overcoming this disadvantage are considered later. The Fullerphone proper is not interfered with by induction from any other cirenit, nor by the leakage of rapidly altemating currents from any source. 2, The instrument. 1, The Mark HI* Fullerphone is assembled and mounted on an enamelled iron frame which is then inserted complete into an outer case of wood. This case is covered with water-proofed canvas and.7 tho whole is rendered damp-proof by springs, snap and rubber tubing along the joints. ‘The size of the closed vase containing the complete instrument is:— 13f in. x Sin. x Of in, ‘The weight, including head-phones~-hand combination and plig —and batteries is 18} Ibs. "Phe Figs. (1 to 6) show clearly how the instrament is made up and the arrangoment of the component parts. Fig. | shows the instrument. in its case and open ready for work. Fig. 2 shows the set closed and ready for transport. ‘The remaining Vigs. (3 to 6) show the instrument itself removed from the exterior case. (Kg. 6 showing the wiring of the Fuller- phone Mask III.) 2. Referring to tho figures 1 40 6 tha component parts are :— Tron frame on which the various parta are mounted. Door of buzzer compartment. Door of battery compartment. Morse key, hinged to allow of folding for transport (see Fig, 3), Compartment for stowing ‘elephone, hand, D, Mark V, and receivers headgear. Telephone, hand, D, Mark V, in lieu of polyphone pattern illustrated in Fig 1. Receivers headgear, W (or B) double. Headhand for Receivers headgear. Clip for keeping phones tight on operators head. Operating switch marked A. Potentiometer switch marked B. Potentiometor. Plug, No. 406. Lid of outer case. Metal support to keep lid either horizontal (normal working position) or at an angle of 45 deg, (for very wet weather). Springs snap for clamping Itd tight for transport. Switch for cutting off batteries if accidentally left on. Jack, No. 84, to take Png No. 408. Telephone induction coil. ’. Choke coils. XL X2. Coils of Buzzer F, X1 is bobbin 1-6 ohms ; X2 is bobbin, 11.8 ohms. Y. Condensers, 3—1 mf.d. Z. Cells, electric, inert, S. TS. Plates, contact, battery. (n 28/105) ad BUQEE 5 SSH@h None Taam10ayB 3. Certain of these component parts require further description. These are :—~ D .., The Morse Key. This is of special type, hinged at the front so as to turn to the operator’s right for closing, the lid of instrument (Fig 3—D). ‘The beat and tension on the key are adjusted from the back (see Fig. 6—Dl). ‘The operator should usually not touch these. G _.,. The receivers are the standard E or W receivers, fitted with a clamping veraw to adjust the leather head ‘band to the operators head (Fig. 1). J... The clip J (Fig. 1) is pushed up under the operator's chin when "phones have been adjusted to fit his ears. ‘To release the pressure on the cars the upper pro- jecting part of the clip is pressed and the clip drawn downwards away from the chin. K and L These are the ordinary type of telephone exchange switches with the noseasary number of springs. M —.... The Potentiometer (Figs. 5 and 6). This consista of a winding of 250 ohins, of enamelled wire on # cylin- drial evonite drum, M1. This drum is capable of sliding in & horizontal direction in bearing guides and is pressed up against another cylinder M by two springs. This cylinder, M, cases one spiral tura of bare wire and by revolving M contact can be made at any point along the length of M1. U_ —w- The induction coil, This consists of a primary winding of 1-5 chm. and a secondary of 75 ohms. Ww «. The choke coils are each wound to an ohmic resistance of about 750 ohms, and their inductance is about 2-4 henries with 8 current of 1 milliamp. at 476 fre- quency. X —... This is a buzzer similar in general appearance to tho D, Mark [II buzzer, but differently connected and wound. It has two windings only, one being 1-6 ohms. of 29 8.W.G., D.S.C., end the other 11-8 sbms. of 9 SWE, DSC. Roth colle are need in series to drive the buzzer for chopping, and the small one (Fig. 4—XI) alone for calling, There are two adjustable contact scrows marked 1 and 2, No 1 is the driving contact and should always be adjusted first. No. 2 is the chopping or Fullor- phone conwwt, The back of che buwger (Fig, 6) 18 easily accessible for test or repait. Y¥ 4. Those condensers are cach of 1 microfarad.14 Z «4 The cells are “ Cells, electric, inert, 8," and should be kept vertical when the instrument is in store. Fig. 4 shows the functions of the cells—the Buzzer Battery has the hardest work to do and if it shows signs of failing can be exchanged for any of the others without much harm to the general working. Cells can thus be made to last a very long time by giving them each a turn as buzzer Battery. CHAPTER 11 Tecunican De: CRIPTION. 3. Theory of Fullerphone. 1. The Fullerphone consists essentially of device for changing at the receiving end, @ steady current into an intermittent current suitable for producing a note in the telephone receiver, while st the ‘same time allowing the current in the line to remain steady. ‘The receiving cireuit is shown in Fig.7. Chi and Ch? are choking coils, K1, K2, and K3, are condensers, R is a double head receiver, and X is an interrupter which breaks the circuit several hundred times a second. The interrupter may be driven by any means, either electrical ‘or mechanical. In the service patterns it is driven electrically, having two contacts on the armature, and is worked by a local cell, 2, Tf steady E.M.F. is applied between line and earth, and the cireuit is closed at X, a steady current will flow through the choke coils, contact 2, and receiver. If the circuit is broken at X, the current cannot flow through the receiver but will flow into and charge the condensers. When the circuit ie again closed at X the conden- sers partially discharge through the receiver R. 3. When the interrupter X is working we therefore get an in- termittent current in the receiver, giving an audible note, while (if the choke coils and condensers are suitable) the line current alter- nately flows through the receiver and into the condensers, and remains practically constant and continuous in the line. ‘The result is that the dots and dashes sent by the single current morse key at the far end are received as short or long notes in the telephone receiver at the receiving end, while the current in the line is of much the same nature as that sent by ordinary single current morse set, except that it is very much smaller, as readable signals can be obtained with about half a microampere. In practice « main battery of one dry cell is used. 4, At the sending end when the signalling key is pressed, a sending battery of one cell B is joined in series with the key, the interrupter X, une head receivers, choke coils, secondary Ly and Ly. ‘The con- densers are connected in bridge nerose the whole arrangement, asFie. 7. Line B Diacram Recxtvine Cmeourr. Line. Discram Transmirrinc Crrcurr.16 shown in Fig. 8, when the interrupter contact X is making connection. When the circuit is closed at X, a current: flows from the battery to E, through the distant station and back to Line terminal, through ‘the secondary choke, coils, receivers, and No. 2 contact of the in terrupter to the negative of tho battery. At the same time the con- densers become charged up to the voltage of the battery. When the circuit is broken at X, no current can flow from the battery. ‘The condensers, however, are now able to discharge, sending a current to line in the same direction as the battery, The action of the choke coils and condensers maintains a steady flow of current to line as long as the key is pressed even though the battery cireuit is being continually interrupted at contact X. 5. The result of the above arrangement is that the current from the sonding battery, passing through the sending operator's receiver, enables him to hear his own buzzer signals, and to judge the strength of signals going to line. In addition, should the line be out or the distant operator's chopper serew go out of adjustment, he is im- mediately notified by hearing musical clicks instead of his own buz- rer signals, Should his own interrupter go out of adjustment, he will_hear nothing at all. 6. The signals are much clearer than those from « “ buzzer,” as the commencement and end of a signal docs not depend on the starting and stopping of a vibrating armature, hence the rate of working is higher than with a buzzer—always assuming that the operator is sufficiently skilled. 7. The arrangements of choking coils and condensers not. only prevents any appreciable variation in the line current, but pre- vente any vibrating currents (such as are produced by induction from other circuit, by a buzzer on the line, or from a telephone) from passing through the operator's head telephones. All such currents peas through the condenser KI, Should any vibrating current make its way through Chl it will then take the path to earth through K2 rather than through the high inductance Ch2, thus the telephones are doubly protected from induced currents or from telephone currents passing over the same line. 8. When the sending battery is connected as shown in Fig. 8 the current can only rise in the line comparatively slowly owing to the effect of the capacity of the condensers and the self induction of the choke coils. The object of this retardation of the rise of current is to prevent clicks being heard in a telephone receiver in- serted in the line. This has a two-fold object :— {a) To prevent the possibility of Morse messages being read from these clicks, (8) To prevent the clicks interfering with telephony carried on over the line simulteneously with Morse signalling.ou It will be noticed that the Fullerphone is not » polarised instru- ment, and that the direction of the received current does not affect the signals. 4. Superimposing Fullerphone and Telephone. Fullerphones, Mark III* may be superimposed on telephone circuits by means of Bridging Coils or Transformers in the usual monncr, provided that the lince arc balanced. 5. Calling Arrangements with Fullerphone. 1, In the Mark III* Fullerphones an arrangement has been made to send a strong buzzing current to line for purposes of calling atten- tion. The interrupter buzzer is used for this purpose, and its ordinary battery is reinforced by two additional oclls, making three in all. ‘This call is considerably louder than the Fullerphone signals if the line is comparatively short and in reasonable condition, but if the line is of very high resistance or capacity the Fullerphone signals will be louder than the buzzer signals. 2. ‘The buzzing call ean be relied on in normal conditions, but if the cireuit is very bad it may be possible to call and send messages on the Fullerphone when the buzzing call will not get through. In such cases it ig necessary to call with the Morse key and to listen in, at short intervals, on the Fullerphone to ascertain if the station is being called. 3. 1 must be remembered that the buzzing call has all the dis- advantages of the bnzzer and, ccnsequently, must never be used near the front line for sending any call or signal which it is important that the enemy should not overhear. 4. The Mark III* Fullerphone his at least as good a buzzer call as the “ D" III telephone, and will thus work to buzzer switchboards in similar manner and over similar lines. 6. Disturbance due to Karth Currents or Leakage. 1. Difficulties in working the Fullerphone are almost invariably duo to small currente being picked up by the line either by the earths, by earth faulis, or by loakage from Morse circuite. The currents to cause this disturbance must be of « steady nature, or of « low tre- quency. High frequency currents (such as are produced by a buzzer or telephone spesch) or disturbances induced on the line do not affect the working of the Fullerphone. The offect of the steady current is to produce @ note in tho Fullerphone receiver of exactly the same pitch as the received signals, which are thereby confused and may be rendered unreadable. This disturbance can only be noticed when the loca! buzzer is running. 2. Disturbances due to induction will affect the telephone if such is incorporated in the Fullerphono, in the sane way that they will intorfere with any other telephono.18 7. Karih Currents. 1. An earth current on the line causes a continuous hum in the Fullerphone receiver when the beal interrupter is running. If the earth current is in the opposite direction to the signalling current sent ont by the sendingstation, the signal received when the sending key is depressed will be that due to the difference between the send- ing and carth currents, while when the hey is nut depressed will be that duc to the earth current only. Hence, if the received earth current is half the received signalling current, the current will be altered in direction but not in magnitude, when the sending key is depressed and no signals at all will be received. If the earth current is greater than half the signalling current the signals will actually be reversed. If the enrrents are equal there will be silenve at the receiving end when the key is depressed at the sending end. 9. If, on tho other hand, the currents be in the same direction. the signalling current will always increase the earth current, and the signals will always give a louder note than the earth current alone. 3. If the received earth current be half the received signalling current, the result will be an increase in current in the propor- tion of 1 to 3 when @ signal i* being sent, which will frequently be readable. Hence the disturbanee duo to steady carth currents in a direction opposite to that of the signalling current can always he reduced (in most cases sufficiently to work the line) by reversing line and earth at the sending end, thus bringing both currents in the same dircetion. 4. The increase of sound due to an increase of current through the receiver docs not depend merely on the magnitude of the increase oreyen of the relative increase, but the weaker the current tho greater tho audible effect of a given increase, ot even of a given relative in- crease. Hence, if the current gives a loud note the signalling can be improved by increasing the resistance of the circuit, which is easiest done by increasing the resistance of the earth. A good earth is not required for the Fullerphone and is frequently a disadvantege. 8. Use of the Potentiometer. 1. The disturbance from a steady earth current from either a Jeak or from the carth pins can always be climinated by the insertion of a potentiometerin the line at the receiving end and such a potentio- meter forms a component part of the Mark III* instrument. The potentiometer consists of @ length of high resistance conductor, through which flows a curront from one cell. One end of this con- ductor is connected to one terminal of the potentiometer, and a sliding contact (which can be adjusted to make contact with any portion of the conductor) is connected to the other. The potentio- meter is connected in sories in the line and impresses a portion of the19 EMF. of the cell on the line. If the E.MF. thus inpressed on the 1c is equal and opposite to that producing the earth current, the earth current and its disturbances are eliminated. ‘To use the potentiometer put switch B, Figs 1,3, 4, 5—L to position 1 or 2 and turn the handle, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5—M, until the noise due to the earth current ceasea, If it is found that the noise is increased (more or legs) in every position of the handle, the potentiometer reversing switch, B, inust be placed in the alternative position, when a position should be found which will give the desired result. 2. Each station must adjust its own potentiometer to suit the earth currents received by it. As the currents are frequently picked up at earth faults they will not necesarily be the same at each end of the line. 9. Leakage Currents from Morse. 1. A leakage current from a single-current Morse set, will cause the signal from such set to be heard in the Fullerphone receiver when the interrupter is running. A similar current from a double- current set or duplex will give confused signals. In either case they may be strong enough to interfere with the Fullerphone signals. 2. Hf euch currents leak on to the Fullerphone circuit at a contact ‘on the line, the only thing is to clear the contact. 3. Such leakage, however, frequently occurs at the office, either owing to Jeahage ab the test buard, ur commutator, or ab the earths, 4. The same earth should not be used for both Fullerphone and Morse circuits, or interference is almost certain to result. The best earth obtainable should be used for the Morse, and an inferior earth used for the Fullerphone. The earths should be as far apart as possible and the wires leading to them should be kept clear. 5. A bad earth will not be disadvantageous for the Fullerphone proper, unless very bad indeed, but the speaking (if such is required) may suffer. 6. If there are Morse and Fullerphone instruments in the same office the circuits and their earths should be kept entirely separate. 7. It must be remembered that the Fullerphone is very sensitive and that 1/1000th part of the current usually employed in Morse working will give strong signals in the Fullerphone. 10. Explanation of Circuits. Fig. 9 shows the circuits of the Mark III* Fullerphone. The lettering of the figure corresponds to that of Figs. 1 to 6. ‘This instrument provides for telegraphy and telephony either independently or simultaneously on the one line without further apparatus. When the receiving buzzer is not working the buzzing call from distant station is heard both in the head receivers and in the hand set—or if the hand set is not plugged in—then only in the head receivers,20 When Fullerphoning the Morve signals ere heard in the head receivers only. When speaking and telegraphing the speech is heard in the hand set and the Morse signals in the head receivers. In order to show clearly tho operation of the varioue cireuite Hg 9 is dissected into Fig. 9—A, B, C, de. jt shonid he noted that when the 4.pin Ping, No 406 (Fig. IN) is inserted the line is completed through the tevelver of the hand set, When N is withdrawn the receiver sockets are short circuited by a spring contact. CHAPTER II. Ixstavctions ror Wonxine. 44. Connecting up. 1, Connect lines or line and earth to terminals marked L1 and L2 on instrument. 2, See that the cells in the battery compartment are making good connection with their spring contact strips. 8. Turn Morse key, Figs. 1. 3. 4, 5—D into working position. 4, When line is idle, switch A (on instrument) should be in normal position (handle horizontal). A buzzing call, from distant station, will then be heard in the head rocoivers, Fig. 1—G, and in the hand. telephone also, if this is plugged in. The batteries are not working and buzzer is not running. 5. To Call.—Move switch A, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5—K downwards into call position. Do this two or three times until an answering buzz is heard in the head receivers (and hand set if connected). ‘The outgoing call is also heard. 6. To answer a Call.—Move switch A to “ Call” fora moment and then to “ send and receive.” 1. Sending and Receiving.—Switch A to “send and receive,” operate Morse key. Buzzer must be running or no signals will be heard. Outyving aud incoming signals are both heard in the hood receivers. On completion of messages return switch A to normal horizontal position. ‘The receiver, during « message, can always atop the sender by working his Morse key. 8. Speaking—Connect hand telephone set. by inserting the plug, Fig. 1—N, into sockets, Figs, 3,4,5—T. Switch A may be cither at normal or “send and receive.” Keep the ewitch in the handle of hand set pressed while speaking or you will not be heard. 8, Note.—-Spoaking is only to be resorted to when specially per- mitted, it is not immune from overhearing in the same way as the Fulllerphone signals.22 Fre. 9 (a) Buzzer Cett Kar “Seno ano Receive ” Loca Croprer Circurr. Fig. 9 (n) Seconoary Wi. FULLERrHONE “SEND AND RECEIVE” Crrcurr,23 Buzzer Cou Kat “Cau” Fig 9 (c)—CaLirve—Prmmary, Maw Berrcey Fig, 9 (p)—Sreaumo—Prmary.4 Fic. 9 (n) SECONDARY, Key ar “Norma” CALLING AND SPEAKING SECONDARY. Fro. 9 (¥) bi Sconpary U my Yt Key ar “Seno ano Receive ” Srmakixe Seconpary (Switcn av “Senp anv Recwive™).25 12. Tests, 1. Put awitch A to “send and receive.” ‘The buzzer should work quietly and steadily. Short circuit 1.1 and L2 on operating the Morse key buzzer signals should be heard in the head receivers. If the vibrator does not buzz, either contact I requires adjustment (see below) or the buzzer coll ie run down, or there ie a disconnection. ‘See that the battery connections are clean and tight. If the buzzer cell is run down and no spare is available, change its position with one of the other cells, If the vibrator buzzes but no signals are heard on operating the Morse key, contact 2 of vibrator requires adjustment (see below). If the vibrator buzzes and clicks are heard instead of buzzer signals on operating the key, there is fault in the main Fullcrphone “send and receive” circuit. 2. Put switch A to “call.” Buzzer should buzz loudly. If 11 and 12 are short circuited a very strong buzz should be heard in head receivers and hand set if connected. 3. Switch A to normal—L1 and 12 connected and insert hand set. Work the switch in hand set, clicks should be heard in both hand and head receivers. Keep switch in hand set depressed and blow into transmitter. Noises should be heard in all reooivers. If thoso results are not obtaincd look to connections of main battery, hand set, and to condition of microphone. 13. To adjust Vibrator. 1. Unclamp and withdraw both contact screws 1 atl 2. With switch A at “ send and receive” screw down contact | till a steady buzz is heard, then clamp sorew 1. 2, Short circuit L1 and L2, Keeping the Morse key depressed, and the buzzer running, slowly screw down contact 2 until a good clear note is heard in the head receivers; then clamp screw 2. 3. The buzzer should start readily when switch A is turned to either position ‘send and receive” or “call.” It should sound much londer at “ Call.” 44. To Teat Potentiometer, Short cirenit LI and L2. Put switeh A into position “send and receive.” Do not work Morse key. Now move switch B, Figs. 1, 3. 4, 5—L into position 1 or 2. Abbuzz. should be heard in’the head receiver which varies in strength as the handle, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5—M is tumed. ‘This variation should be gradual. “This buzz. should be heard equally strongly with key Bin position lor 2. If this doas not happen look to connections of potentiometer battery. Then if confident that No. 2 contact of buzzer is adjusted see to sliding con- tact of potentiometer.6 15. Use of Potentiometer. This is already described in the Technical Description, Section 8, ‘Normally it is nob required and switch B should be left in the usual horizontal position, 16. Notes, ‘Fig, 10 ja a wirtng diagram showing ‘he correct arrangement for the back of the instrument—compare Fig. Vig. 11 is a aeproduetion of actual ccailographs taken to prove the non-vibrating character of the line current and comparing this line current with that giving the received signal in the head receivers, Fig. 114 shows the gradual rise of this line current. An excessive current (using 110 volta) was used to obtain sufficient enrrent. to operate the oscillograph.Fre, 1. RECEIVER. (Normal Voltage) LINE (Normal voltage.) Fis, 11 (). Se Ne LINE using excessive voltage, viz., 110 volts, so show shape of ewrent,2 APPENDIX. LIST OF COMPONENT PARTS AND NOMENCLATURE TO BE USED WHEN DEMANDING FROM R.A.0.0, STORE. Sscrion No. 231. Fullerphonos, Mark I1*. Coile— Choke, Induction, Condonsore, Keys, signalling, Knobe. Potentiometer. Plates, contact, battery. Switehes— Calh and cevcive. Potentiometer. Battery, cut-out. Spare parts, (Sets). Buzzers— F, (Formerly known ay Pulerphones, Wark IU, vibrators), Celts, electric, inert, S. (Seat, No. 238), Cords— ‘Telephons— ‘Hand, D, Mark 11. Headgear, double. Jacks, No. 84 (Pormorly know os Fulltrphones, Mark Ul, sockets, 4-way.) Prags—- ‘0. 408. (Formerly shown as Fallerphonos, Mark Ul, __ plugs 4-pinn) Receivers— B, doubk. or W, double. Watch— w— No. 2. Reeds, contact — Dd Serews— Camping, D. Contact D.30 Slings, carrying instruments, or carrying strap (to be repaired locally). a of Negative. ‘Telephones— Hand— D, Mark. Wires, electric, Q.6. (18 inches), (Sect. No. 28.8.). NoTE.—In tho field. when repairs cannot be carried out by in- strument repairers with units, it is usually desirable to demand a new complete instrument in exchange for a damaged one. Parts not mentioned above are not considered necessary fur R.A.0.C. to stock, and therefore should not be demanded. Prinfod unter theauthorty of lis Mageny's Stupioxrny Ornct, ‘by Harrison & Sons, 1 ‘Mactin's Lane, W.C2. (8 28/105) Wi. 24762—5020/1897 15,900 8 , H&S Ltd, G28 68.200