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BIO CONCRETE
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GMRDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
of Technology,

Name of the student Under the Guidance of

J.Komal Mr.K.S.B PRASAD
15341A0121
Assistant Professor
Dept. of CIVIL ENGINEERING

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
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 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY

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PREPARATION
 COMPOSITION AND TESTS
 APPLICATIONS
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
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

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ABSTRACT
This paper gives a brief description of the various properties of concrete
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which vary with the addition of bacteria.

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Due to improper design, temperature effects like freezing and shrinkage

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which causes deformation and produce cracks in the structures. Cracks

are one of the major weaknesses of concrete which leads to the
structural failure.
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As regular manual maintenance and repair of concrete constructions is

costly and in some cases not at all possible, inclusion of an autonomous
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self healing repair mechanism would be highly beneficial as it could

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both reduce maintenance and increase material durability.

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INTRODUCTION
 Concrete is a vital building material that is an absolutely essential component
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of construction practice. It is also a very brittle material with low tolerance for
strain, so it is commonly expected to crack with time . In order to rectify these
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cracks, bio concrete is used.

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 Bio concrete is the special type of concrete which invented by Microbiologist

Hendrik Jonkers .
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 Bio concrete is also called as Bacterial concrete and self healing concrete.
 It is mainly made to improve the strength and durability of concrete.The
development of self-healing concrete technology has become one of the most
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important researcher's objectives in the field of civil engineering sciences and

biotechnology in recent years.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
 Z.P.Bhathena and NamrataGadkar have published a paper about on
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Bacterial concrete, a novel approach for increasing its durability. In this paper a
total of six samples were collected from different sites such as mangrove area.
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From these samples the calcite precipitating organisms which precipitate

calcium carbonate by means of ureolysis were screened.
 Hendrik Jonkers and Erik Schlangen have published a paper on
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Development of a bacteria-based self healing concrete. In this paper Bacillus

cohnii, Bacillus halodurans and Bacillus pseudofirmus species were obtained
from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell cultures. The bacteria
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cultures were cleaned from medium residues by centrifugation, washing and

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resuspension of the cell pellet in tap water. The cement samples were made
incorporating the suspension and are tested.

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METHODOLOGY
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 The cracks are formed on the surface of concrete due to many reasons like
shrinkage, Inadequate water for hydration …etc,
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 The activated precursor intern induces the bacteria to react with that
precursor and form a base of calcium carbonate called as limestone.

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CONT…
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 Having been activated, the bacteria start to feeds oxygen is consumed and the
soluble calcium lactate is converted to insoluble limestone.
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PREPARATION
PREPARATION OF BACTERIAL SOLUTION :-
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 Primarily 12.5g of Nutrient broth (media) is added to a 500ml conical flask

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containing distilled water.

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 It is then covered with a thick cotton plug and is made air tight with paper
and rubber band.
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 It is then sterilized using a cooker for about 10-20 minutes. Now the
solution is free from any contaminants and the solution is clear orange in
colour before the addition of the bacteria.
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 Later the flasks are opened up and kept in a shaker at a speed of 150- 200
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rpm overnight.

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CONT…
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 After 24 hours the bacterial solution was found to be whitish yellow turbid
solution.
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PREPARATION OF NUTRENT BROTH

Nutrient Broth is used for the general cultivation of less fastidious
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microorganisms, can be enriched with blood or other.

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Ingredients Gms / Litre

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Peptic digest of animal tissue 5,000

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Sodium chloride 5,000

Beef extract 1,500
Yeast extract 1,500
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Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.4±0.2

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COMPOSITION
1.FLY ASH (kg/𝒎𝟑 ) 38.8
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2.BACTERIAL SOLUTION (liters) 1

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3.CEMENT (kg/𝒎𝟑 ) 349.2

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4.FINE AGGREGATES (kg/𝑚3 ) 670

5.COURSE AGGREGATES (kg/𝑚3 )

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1200
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6.WATER (kg/𝑚3 ) 167

7.SUPER PLASTICIZERS(kg/𝑚3 ) 1.3

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TESTS ON BIO CONCRETE

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Compressive strength (N/𝑚𝑚2 )

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Bio concrete Conventional concrete

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
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22.18 32.74 20.84 29.99

Tensile strength (N/𝑚𝑚2 )

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Bio concrete Conventional concrete

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
2.36 3.73 1.708 3.26

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CONT…
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Flexural strength (N/𝑚𝑚2 )

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Bio concrete Conventional concrete

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
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4.6 7.85 3.92 7.06

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APPLICATION
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 Field Application of Self-healing Concrete, Irrigation Canals in Ecuador.

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 In the province of Tungurahua more than 100 years ago a canal was ditched
by the owner of an extensive amount of farmland in order to bring melting
water from the Carihuairazo and Chimborazo Mountains to the valleys
with crops.
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 In this region the air temperature varies between 5ºC and 20°C with sometimes
temperatures below zero. The canal runs from an altitude of 3200 to 2700
meters above sea level.
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 The length of this canal is of approximately 24 kilometres. During the 60’s the
land was distributed among the farmers who worked it and the canal remain as
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property of this community.

 For decades the efficiency of the canal was low since about 70% of the water
was loss due to evaporation or infiltration into the soil.
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 To improve the efficiency the farmers together with local authorities casted
concrete linings in the canal without any steel reinforcement. Within a year the
concrete linings started cracking. The cracks lead to decrease the yield of the
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canal again.
 Delft University of Technology, together with Foundation Imagine (NL) and
the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil (Ecuador) proposed the use of
self-healing concrete reinforced with natural fibres as a viable solution to
improve the sustainability and performance of this irrigation system.

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CONT…
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Bio concrete house in Dutch :-

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631987/
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 Three years ago, we learned that a Dutch team had developed a biological
concrete that could repair its own cracks. They said it might be two or three
years before it found its way into the larger world—and now, we’re getting
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a look at its real-world applications.

 The concrete is a collaboration between two scientists named Eric
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Schlangen and Henk Jonkers, who are profiled today in an update on their
research from CNN. The duo first made news in 2012, when they
introduced their “biocement,” which uses bacteria to patch up the cracks in
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concrete that lead to structural degradation.

 Here’s how it works: Traditional concrete aggregate is mixed with bacteria
and capsules of calcium lactate. When a crack in the concrete forms, water
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seeps in and “activates” the bacteria, which is hard-wired to eat calcium

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lactate. When it does, it produces calcite—an ingredient of limestone—that

accumulates to fill the space between the crack.

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ADVANTAGES
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 The use of bio concrete significantly influences the strength of concrete.

 It has lower permeability than conventional concrete.

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It offers great resistance to freeze-thaw attacks.

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 The chances of corrosion in reinforcement are reduced.

 Remedying of cracks can be done efficiently.
 Maintenance cost of this concrete is low.
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 The durability of concrete is 200 years.

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DISADVANTAGES
 Design of bacterial concrete is not mentioned in IS codes or any other
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codes.
 Cost of this concrete is comparatively higher than conventional concrete
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i.e. about 7-28% more than conventional concrete.

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 The investigations involved in calcite precipitation are costly.

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CONCLUSION
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 Hence, self healing concrete is crack resistant.

 Which protects the concrete and reinforcement from cracks and from
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corrosion.
 By doing this, it prevents water to percolate into reinforced steel concrete
and hence it does not comes in contact with reinforcements.
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REFERENCE

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Antonopoulou, S. Self healing in ECC materials with high content of different

microfibers and micro particles, MSc Thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2009
 De Muynck, W., Debrouwer, D., De Belie, N., Verstraete, W., 2008. Bacterial
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carbonate precipitation improves the durability of cementations materials. Cement

& Concrete Res. 38, 1005–1014.
 De Muynck, W., Debrouwer, D., De Belie, N., Verstraete, W., 2008. Bacterial
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carbonate precipitation improves the durability of cementations materials. Cement

& Concrete Res. 38, 1005–1014.
 Jonkers, HM & Schlangen, E. (2009a). Bacteria-based self healing concrete.
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International journal of restoration of buildings and monuments, 15(4), 255- 265.

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 Jonkers, HM, Thijssen, A, Muijzer, G, Copuroglu, O & Schlangen, E. (2009b).

Application of bacteria as selfhealing agent for the development of sustainable
concrete. Ecological engineering, 1-6.
 M.Biswasa, S.Majumdar, T.Chowdhury, B. Chattopadhyay, S.Mandal, U.
Halder, S. Yamasaki, “Bioremediase a unique protein from a novel
bacterium.
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CONT…
 D. A.Stevens, J. R.Hamilton, N.Johnson, K. K. Kim, J. S. Lee,“Halomonas, a newly
recognized human pathogen causing infections and contamination in a dialysis center:
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three new species,” Medicine (Baltimore), 88(4), 244-249, 2009.

 A. Buu-Hoi, C. Branger, F. J. Acar,“Vancomycinresistant Streptococci or
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 R. Facklam , J. A. Elliott , “Identification, classification, and clinical relevance of

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 J.Wang, K. V.Tittelboom, N.De Belie, W.Verstraete,“Use of silica gel or

polyurethane immobilized bacteria for selfhealing concrete,” Construction and
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 Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs), Acinetobacter in Healthcare Settings,

last accessed on 12/31/2014,
http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/acinetobacter.html,20 14.
 Min, W., Björn, J. & Mette , G., 2012. A review: Self-healing in cementitious
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Construction and Building Materials, Volume 28, pp. 571-583. Blaiszik, B. J. et
al., 2010. Self-Healing Polymers and Composites, Illinois: University of Illinois.
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• Gundersen JK, Jorgensen BB. Microstructure of diffusive boundary-layers and the

oxygen-uptake of the sea-floor. Nature 1990;345:604–7
• Gerard B, Marchand J. Influence of cracking on the diffusion properties of cement-
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based materials – part I: influence of continuous cracks on the steadystate regime.

Cem Concr Res 2000;30:37–43.
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• Schlangen E, Joseph C. Self-healing processes in concrete. In: Gosh SK, editor.

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Self-healing materials: fundamentals, design strategies, and applications.

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ACI Mater J 1999;96:448–54.

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Thank You
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