Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Solid waste management awareness, attitude, and practice of the

students and university employees are closely linked, which suggests that one

strategic approach to implement successfully a solid waste management program

is education. However, some students already know about proper waste

segregation but lacks proper application. The school plays an important role on

making individuals conscious of the consequences of their action (i.e, reasoned

action), in terms of costs and benefits (i.e, rational choice), and on planning

appropriate ways (i.e, planned behavior) to ensure the realization of what are

desired for human and environment well-being (Madrigal D.V.,2018).

Change in bad attitude of people towards solid waste management,

institutional strengthening as well as intensive education on e-waste management

will help enhance the nation’s quest for sustainable development (Kwarteng T.,

2017).

Mamady (2016) suggested that promotion of environment information and

education of the public and adoption of community action programs on disease

prevention and health promotion will enhance comfort, environment friendliness,

and safety of the community. The government could create an environment where

innovation and the promotion of knowledge can flourish.

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In line with this study, the city of Baybay (where the study is conducted) has an

ordinance called “CITY ORDINANCE NO. 007 SERIES OF 2010” that serves as

the legal and policy framework for the management of urban solid waste in City of

Baybay and is enacted to supplement the provision of existing laws and ordinance

related to solid waste management specifically Republic act No. 9003 Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. It shall apply to all residential houses,

schools and commercial establishments.

This study aims to assess the factors why students of grade 11 in Baybay

City Senior High School who are aware of proper waste segregation are not totally

practicing and the waste segregation and put it into action correctly.

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to know the proper attitude or behavior of the students

after having awareness about the proper waste segregation.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. Are you aware of proper waste segregation?

2. Do you practice waste segregation correctly?

a. Does it help the environment? If yes/no, why?

b. What are the strategies you practice in performing proper waste

segregation?

3. What are the reasons why students who are aware of proper waste

segregation but not practicing the waste segregation correctly?

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Significance of the Study

The beneficiaries of this research are the following:

Teachers – the students’ performance and knowledge towards proper

waste segregation would reflect to the educators who taught them first the

importance of solid waste management.

Administrators – the administrators will then strictly implement proper waste

segregation in the school for the students.

School organization – the school organization will then know he reason why

there are still students that are unaware of solid waste segregation or aware

but not putting it into action. They will automatically implement and apply

the government law inside the school pertaining to solid waste

management.

Future researchers – future researchers may use this research as reference

data for those who will conduct another study that is related to the topic.

This might be used for the purpose and the conduct of their own study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study aimed to know the proper attitude or behavior of the students

after having awareness about the proper waste segregation. The respondents of

this study are the students of Baybay City Senior High School which is located at

30 de Deciembre St., Baybay City, Leyte. The conduct of the study will start on the

last week of January 2020 and will end on March 2020. Random sampling was

used to choose respondents from the 3 different Senior High Program tracks

namely; Technical Vocational and Livelihood, Arts & Design and Academics.

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Academic Track is categorized into six different strands specifically: Accountancy

Business and Management (ABM); Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM); General Academic Strand (GA); Humanities and Social

Sciences (HUMSS); Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL); and Arts and Design

(A&D), all of the will be covered in the study. Also, the researcher focused on grade

11 students of Baybay City Senior High School.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature

The solid waste management attained the highest importance globally in

this era but the practices of basic concepts on waste disposal are often neglected.

People in communities are often aware of the consequences of improper solid

waste management but the negative attitude of implementation would prevail

which leads to chaotic situations. Municipalities in Ghana are responsible for city

waste management but could barely provide an effective and efficient system to

its people. In the study conducted, 120 people from 10 suburbs were randomly

selected. Majority of the participants were aware of solid waste management but

did not put them into practice. The study also revealed that waste was usually

transported by using close trucks and frequency of collection was done once a

week (Kwarteng, T., 2017).

Al-Khatib et. al. (2015) and Hilburn (2015) state that most communities in

developing countries often turn to waste disposal methods that have proven to be

destructive to human health and the environment, such as open dumping and

burning (or unregulated landfills) because they feel they have no other options to

manage their solid waste. This suggests that most developing countries do not

practice sustainable waste management.

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 Barlao, E. and Lapie, L. (2016) reveals that a total of 2,528 undergraduate

students enrolled in the laguna State Polytechnic University – Los Baños Campus

(LSPU – LBC) was selected as participants in the cross-sectional survey to capture

the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards solid waste management (SWM)

during the 2nd semester. Most of the students had satisfactory levels for knowledge

(73.4%) and attitude (71.0%) on SWM-related matters, less than half (43.1%),

showed satisfactory practice level. Similarly, the relatively higher average rating

for knowledge (87.8%) and attitude (87.0) of the students were both inconsistent

with the lower average practice rating (72.5%). The average KAP rating was

82.3%, with merely half (55%) had satisfactory KAP ratings. The students’ average

KAP ratings were somehow connected to their social status, whereby, satisfactory

KAP rating was significantly associated with students from medium-sized families

(5-9 members), having parents with moderate academic backgrounds and held

permanent jobs. The students perceived abundance-ranking for some common

household solid wastes, as well as household solid waste-stocking preference and

disposal systems are also presented.

Laor.,et.al(2018) Chiang Rai is the northernmost province of Thailand.

Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) was generated 430,828.2 ton/y in this area;

however, only 24 percent of waste was properly disposed, and 43 percent of

waste was properly managed.

According to the study of Laor.,et.al(2018) 73 percent of respondents had high

level of knowledge; 85 percent of respondents showed neutral attitude; and 59

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percent of respondents performed moderate practice on MSW management. The

results highlighted that age and education levels were statistically significant

associated with KAP levels on MSW management at (p=0.05).

Republic act. No. 9003 or the “Ecological Solid Waste management act”

provides the legal framework for the country’s systematic, comprehensive and

ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of the

public health and environment (The National Solid Waste Management

Commission Secretariat; Environment management Bureau-DENR,2012).

Experts
attri bute the worsening pr obl em on s olid
wastes dumpi ng to the increasing human
populati on and rapid industrializ ati on
(Atienz a, 2008 cited in Barloa, Lapi e, & de

Experts attribute the worsening problem on solid wastes dumping to

the increasing human population and rapid industrialization (Atienza, 2008

cited in Barloa, Lapie, & de la Cruz.,(2016).

Moreover, it also examined whether their awareness, attitude, and

practices significantly differ when they were compared according to status and

religion.

Also, the correlation between awareness, attitude, and practices and age,

educational level, and sex were also investigated.

The study of Adeolu, Enesi & Adeolu (2014) on the knowledge, attitude,

and practices of 358 students in the secondary school towards waste

management in Ibadan, Nigeria found that the students had a relatively

moderate level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of waste management.

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 Theoretical Framework

Knowledge

Action Recycling

Awareness

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

As a theoretical framework, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is

applied to show the recycling awareness over the act of recycling as determinants

of behavior to recycle.

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) started as the theory of Reasoned

action in 1980 to predict an individual’s action to engage in recycling at a specific

time and place. The theory was intended to explain the action. It does consider

awareness influences is still does not take into account environmental or economic

factors that may influences a student’s action to perform recycling. It assumes that

behavior is the result of a linear decision making process and does not consider

that it can change overtime.

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 Conceptual Framework

Dependent Variable Independent Variable

Knowledge

Factors Strategies Attitude Action

Practices

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework

Understanding the factors of proper waste segregation (knowledge, strategies,

practices) that will fall all in attitude of the students. Action will then be the

independent variable since it will be the basis as to how the students act in order

to perform the proper waste segregation. If it changes, the dependent variables

will be affected.

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 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers used explanatory research design because quantitative

data was first collected before the gathering of qualitative data.

The Sample

The target population of the study are the grade 11 students of Baybay City

Senior High School during the second semester of the academic year, 2019-2020.

These students belong to six different strands of the Senior High Programs,

namely: Accountancy Business and Management (ABM); Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM); General Academic Strand (GA);

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL);

and Arts and Design (A&D). Cresswell (1998) suggested 20-30 respondents for

qualitative study.

Instrumentation

The researchers will conduct survey and interview to the selected

respondent. The questionnaire will be adopted on the study of others and the

interview will be a researcher-made questionnaire.

Data Collection Procedures

A letter of request was made to determine the number of students in every

strand and the total number of the grade 11 students at the Registrar’s Office.

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Another letter was also crafted in order to get the consent of the students who will

serve as respondents in our research. These letters were noted by the research

teacher and approved by the principal.

The researchers will adopt questionnaire for the survey. The researchers

will also craft self-administered questionnaire for the conduct of interview.

Respondents for the survey will also be the respondents during the interview. To

properly conduct the survey and interview, each class will be provided with letter

of consent through the teacher adviser or class president stating the intent and

purpose of the study. After the collection of data, the researchers will then analyze,

and interpret the data collected.

Data Analysis

The results of the study will be analyzed through the use of dendogram. For

the objective 1 and 2, the researcher will try to determine the number of students

who are aware and/or unaware of proper waste segregation and is not or practicing

it. The researchers will use the frequency count. After collecting the percentage of

students who are aware and practicing the proper waste segregation, the

researchers will create themes for each question and will find out the factors and

reasons why most students are aware but not totally throwing the garbage in the

correct bins.

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