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Emulsion
l A thermodynamically unstable two-
phase system consisting of at least two
immiscible liquids, one of which is
dispersed in the form of small droplets
throughout the other, and an emulsifying
agent.
Emulsion
• a dispersed system containing at least two
immiscible liquid phases. The
majority of conventional emulsions in
pharmaceutical use have dispersed
particles ranging in diameter from 0.1 to
100 um.
Phases of Emulsion
• The dispersed liquid - internal or
discontinuous phase
• The dispersion medium - external or
continuous phase
Types of Emulsion
1. oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions
– oils, petroleum hydrocarbons, and / or waxes
are the dispersed phase, and water or an
aqueous solution is the continuous phase
Types of Emulsion
– Oil is dispersed as droplets in an aqueous
medium.
– formed if the aqueous phase constitutes
>45% of the total weight and hydrophilic
emulsifier is used
Types of Emulsion
– O/W emulsions are used topically, orally, or
parenterally.
Types of Emulsion
2. water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion
- Water is dispersed as droplets in an oil or
oleaginous medium
- Used for external preparations when
emollient, lubricating, or protective properties
are desired.
Types of Emulsion
3. Multiple emulsions
o/w/o or w/o/w
4. Microemulsion
- appear as translucent or transparent and
have droplet diameter in the nanometer
range
Theories of emulsification
2. High–molecular-weight alcohols
• Stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and glyceryl
monostearate
4. Auxiliary Methods.
• An emulsion prepared by either the wet
gum or the dry gum methods using hand
homogenizer to facilitate emulsification
Methods of Preparation
• Auxiliary Methods
• The hand homogenizer is less efficient in
reducing the particle size of very thick
emulsions, and it should not be employed
for emulsions containing a high proportion
of solid matter because of possible
damage to the valve
Methods of Preparation
Vanillin 40 mg 1.2g
Alcohol 60 mL 1.8
q Container
30 mL wide mouth, amber bottle
MINERAL OIL EMULSION
q Remarks
ü Mineral oil as cathartic, acacia,
as suspending or an emulsifying
agent, syrup as a sweetening
agent, vanillin as a flavorant and
alcohol as preservative.
PREPARATION 13
LOTION
q Lotion
• Are aqueous liquid or sometimes alcoholic
preparation containing insoluble materials
in the form of suspension or emulsion
intended for external application without
rubbing.