CLINICAL CHEMISTRY I: 1. Decrease CV = HIGHER - Lancet length: 1.

75mm
PRECISION 2. tRenD = Reagent Deterioration 3. Perfect
Gaussian Curve - Mean=Median=Mode 4. Measures of - Lateral plantar heel (NBS)
Central Tendency - 3Ms (Mean Median Mode) 5.
23. Westgard Rules
Measure of Dispersion - Range, SD, CV, Variance
- Random Errors (All ODD numbers)
6. HAXI - Horizontal Abscissa X Independent
> 1(2s) - Warning; Accept
7. VOYD - Vertical Ordinal Y Dependent
> 1(3s) - Reject
8. NEQAS - Youden Plot - External QC
> R(4s) - 2 ctrls differ by >4s
9. Reagent Grade III (autoclave) - for washing ONLY
-Systematic (All EVEN numbers)
10. Most sensitive part of spectro - Photomultiplieer tube
> 2(2s) - Reject
11. 3 Levels of Control: Blood Gas, Hormones, TDM
> 4(1s)
12. blOwOut pipet - Ostwald fOlin
> 10x - 10 values on the same side
13. Swinging bucket - Vertical @ rest; Horizontal @
centri 24. SenSitivity - Screening
14. Washing of glasswares: Potassium dichromate and 25. SpeCifiCity – Confirmatory
nitric acid
Clinical Chemistry II
15. NFPA symbol
1. Prealbumin - Marker for malnutritrion
- Colors: Start from the RIGHT, YWBR
2. Albumin - marker for dehydration
- Numbers: Start from the RIGHT, 1W32
3. Biuret = Violet = Number of peptide bonds
16. Order of Draw ETS: BCNHES
4. Coomasie Brilliant Blue - CSF protein
17. Order of Draw Syringe: BCHEFR
5. Bromcresol Green - specific for Albumin
18. Order of Draw Capillary Puncture: EOS
6. AnodALbumin
19. Venipuncture: antecubital fossa (M,C,B)
7. Cathodal – Gamma
- 1.0 to 1.5 in needle
8. A1-globulin - AAT, TBG
- 21g Adult; 23g Children
9. A2-globulin - CHA (Cerulo,Haptoglobin, AMG)
-15 to 30 deg angle
10. Beta - transferrin, beta-LP, hemopexin, C3 and C4
- 3 to 4 in tourniquet
11. Gamma - Immuniglobulins and CRP
20. Arterial Puncture: Perform Modified Allen Test first
12. Gamma spike - Multiple Myeloma (Monoclonal
- No tourniquet needed Gammopathy)
- 45 deg radial 13. BetaGamma bridging - Hepatic/Portal Cirrhosis
- 90 deg Femoral 14. Flat A1 - Juvenile Cirrhosis or Emphysema (AAT
deficiency)
21. Need physician consent: Foot venipuncture
15. A2 spike - Nephrotic syndrome
22. Capillary Puncture: discard 1st drop, do not milk the
site 16. A1, A2, B spikes- Inflammation
17. Oligoclonal - MS, Neurosyph, Encep 45. No isoenzyme - ALT

18. Hyperalbuminemia - dehydration 46. euthyroidism - ⬆TBG T4

19. Haptoglobin - ⬇hemolysis, ⬆inflam 47. Hypothyroidism -⬆chol tag

20. Albumin, Transferrin - Negative acute phase 48. Hyperthyroidism - ⬇ chol tag
reactants
49. Brochodilator – Theophylline
21. Total Protein = Albumin + Globulin
50. Hypothalamus - synthesizes ADH oxytocin
22. Kjehldahl - ref mtd for CHON
51. PPG - Stores and secretes ADH and oxytocin
23. Biuret - widely used
52. Gonadotropins - FSH and LH
24. Lowry - highest sensitivity
53. Cushing's Syndrome - adrenal cortex
25. Colorimetric - inexpensive, lacks specificity (urea)
DAM 54. Cushing's disease - pituitary gland

26. Enzymatic - specific, expensive (urea) BERTHELOT 55. Screening Cushing's Syn - OVERNIGHT
NESSLER dexamethasone

27. Colorimetric endpoint - simple nonspecific (Crea) 56. Confirm Cushing's Syn - MIDNIGHT plasma cortisol

28. Colorimetric kinetic - rapid specific (crea) 57. Porter Silber - 17 hydroxyCORTICOsteroid

29. Colorimetric with ISE - Enzymatic (crea) 58. Zimmerman - 17 KETOsteroid

30. Counter ion of Na - Chloride 59. Kober ur pepe - KOBER = ESTROGEN

31. Counterbalance of Na - Chloride 60. Pisano - meta normetanephrine

32. Countercurrent ion of Na - Potassium 61. 0.10 - driving under influ of alcohol

33. Hyponatremia = Hypoosmolality 62. 0.27-0.40 - unable to stand walk

34. Least important in ANION gap - Potassium 63. 0.35 - 0.50 - frend mong lasinggero/ra DEATH
COMA
35. Reabsorbed in metabolic acidosis - KIG
64. Antitussive - codein
36. High Anion Gap = MUDPILES
65. CF: Thyroxine 12.9
37. Low anion gap = ADIC (anions decrease, increase
cations) Hypoalbuminemia, Hypercalcemia 66. CF: Bilirubin 17.1

38. Least elevated in renal failure - sodium 67. CF: Glucose 0.0555

39. RTA - alkaline urine 68. CF: Chole 0.026

40. Metab & respi alkalosis - Hypo/Hyperkalemia 69. CF: TAG 0.0113

41. Ions necessary for function of amylase - Ca and Cl 70. TPAG: 10

42. Mod specif in HEART LIVER SKELETAL MUSCLE - MICROBIOLOGY THREAD!!!

AST
1. ETEC - cholera toxin
43. Mod specif in HEART MUSCLE BRAIN - CK
2. EIEC - shigella-like
44. Low specif enzymes - LDH,ALP
3. EPEC - inpant (infant)
4. EHEC - SHIGA - like -Moraxella

5. EAEC - stacked brick -Aeromonas

6. Rice watery stool - V. cholerae -Serratia

7. Pea soup stool - Salmonella -Helicobacter

8. Explosive stool - EIEC -V. cholerae

9. Scanty bloody stool – Shigella 24. Indole test (IMVC) - PDAB(chirired)

9. Green metallic sheen (EMB) - Ecoli 25. Spot indole - PDAC (blue)

10. Green metallic sheen (BAP) - P. aeruginosa 26. Bull's Eye colonies CIN

11. Black metallic sheen (BSA) - S. typhi -Y. entero (Red)

12. Blue milk - Pseudom syncyanea -Aeromonas (Pink)

13. Red milk - S. marcescens 27. Bull's Eye RASH - ECM Borrelia

14. Bluegreen- P. aeruginosa 28. Green MHA - Pseudomonas

15. Yellow – Flavobacterium 29. Red (MAC) - Serratia

16. Phenol red indic (MXCUT) 30. Blue - Kluyvera

-Mannitol, XLD 31. Brown Black (anaer)-Prevotella melaninogenica

-Cysteine, Urease, TSI 32. GUN METAL BLACK - C(ardo)oryne diphteriae

17. Neutral red indic 33. Large fried egg- Mycoplasma hominis

-SSA, MAC, CCFA 34. Tiny fried egg- Ureaplasma urealyticum

18. Bromthymol blue (CHOTS) 35. Dew drops- H. influenzae

-Citrate, HEA, OF tube, TCBS, Simmon's Citrate 36. Mercury droplets RL- B. pertussis

19. 2% Na DESOXYCHOLATE - Bile sol S. Pneumo 37. Cauliflower BAP- Y. pestis

20. 0.5% Na DEOXYCHOLATE - String test Vibrio 38. Cauliflower LJ- MTB

21. CAMP test 39. String of pearl MHA- B. anthrax

-S. agalactiae 40. Shiny half pearl BAP - B.pertussis

- L. monocyto 41. Fruity/Corn tortilla/grapefruit - P. aeruginosa

22. REVERSE CAMP 42. Apple odor - Alcaligenes faecalis

-C. perfringens 43. Bleach-like odor - Eikenella corrodens

-Arcanobacterium 44. Bleach-like odor(Tellurite) - Corynebacterium mitis

-Corynebacterium jeikeium 45. Ammonia-like - Steno maltophilia

23. DNAse (SMASH V) 46. Ammonium cyanide - C. violaceum

-S aureus 47. Fe sulfate (FES) indicator - TSI

48. Fe Ammonium Citrate (FAC) indic -Opthalmia neonatorum- N. gonorrhea

-SIM, SSA 56. OTITIS MEDIA

-XLD, HEA -M. catarrhalis

-LIA -S. pneumo

49. Bile salts inhibitor -H. influ

- MAC -P. aerugi

-HEA 57. Meningitis

50. DIARRHEA -Neonatal: S. aga

- Winter - Rotavirus -<5: H. influ

- Summer - V. parahemolyticus -5-29: N. mening

-Traveler's - ETEC, G. lamblia ->29: S. pneumo

51. SWIMMER/SWIMMING -Immunocomp: L. monocyt

-Ear - Pseudomonas 58. Nasopharyngeal swab

-Itch - Schistosoma -H. influenzae

-Pool granuloma - Mycobac marinum -N. meningitidis

-Pool parasite - Naegleria fowleri -B. pertussis

52. Keratitis -MRSA

-Acanthamoeba 59. BITES

-Pseudomonas aeruginosa -Human (jowa mo): Eikenella corrodens

53. Parasite of Parasite -Cat bite: Pasteurella

-D. fragilis with E. verm -Cat Scratch Dss: B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Afipia
felis
-N. fowleri and Legionella
60. Feces
54. Triple Pointers di tulad nung crush mong bano
magbball charot -Dog: Echinococcus granulosus

-Triple Neg LOA: P. agglomerans -Cat: Toxoplasma gondii

-Triple Pos LOA: Plesiomonas 61. ANAEROBIC CULTURE!!!

-Triple Enzyme: Serratia -Indicator should be COLORLESS (Initial: Blue) =

ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENT
-Triple Exotoxin: Bacillus
- Thioglycollate broth = boiled to drive off oxygen
55. EYES never lie
-Palladium pellet
-Sore eyes- Adenovirus
62. Pfeiffer's bacillus - H. influenzae
-Pink Eye- H. aegypticus
63. Pfeiffer's phenomenon – Vibrio
64. Koch's bacillus - MTB 6. Ascorbic acid - 11th parameter

65. Koch Week's bacilllus - H. aegypticus 7. B-hcg- 12th parameter

66. Biochemically inactive - Eikenella corrodens 8. Glu - double sequential

67. Biochemically inert - Shigella 9. pH - double indicator

68. Inert bacillus - M. ulcerans 10. Spg- pKa polyelec

69. Yellow bacillus - M. kansasii 11. Protein- error of indicators

70. Tap water bacillus - M gordonae 12. Bili- diazo

71. Tap Water Agar - for aerial hyphae 13. Ketones- na nitropru

72. Radish bacillus - M terrae-triviale 14. Urobil- ehrlich

73. Hay b(arbara)acillus - M. phlei 15. Nitrite- Greiss

74. J bacillus - M. gastri 16. Blood- pseudoperoxidase

75. BATANG PASAWAY 17.LE

- Trematodes: Schistosoma 18. 3-glass - 2nd tube control

-Cestodes: D. latum 19. Bact culture - Midstream clean catch, suprapubic,

catheterized
-Nematodes: Strongyloides
20. 24hr - start & end with empty bladder
-Salmonella: S. arizonae
21. TRBF - 1200ml/min
-Shigella: S. sonnei
22. ERPF - 60-700ml/min
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY!!!!
23. GFR - 125ml/min
1. 3% SSA/TCA
24. Urine cs preservative - Boric acid
2. TCA = CSF
25. Maximum reabs – PCT
3. SSA = urine
26. Glitter Cells - Stenheimer Malbin (BLUE)
4. Calibration refractometer
27. Stenheimer Malbin - CV and Safranin
-D H2O 1.000
28. RTE Cells
- 3% NaCl 1.015
-OFB - lipid, massive proteinuria
-5% NaCl 1.022
-Bubble Cell - nonlipid RTE
-9% NaCl 1.035
29. 1.010 spg from kidney
-9% Sucrose 1.034
30. Persistent 1.010 spg chronic renal disease
5.CSF storage
31. 20% cardiac output TRBF
-Tube 1 - CSF (ChemSeroFrozen)
32. 10mmHg pressure GFR
-Tube 2- MRT (MicroRoomTemp)
33. ASINding loop - removal of salt, imperm to H2O
-Tube 3- HR (HemaRef)
34. Urea reabsorbed 40% PCT

35. Active transport- Gas Na Cl Serratia odorifera

36. Passive transport - stay hydrated Water Na U E. coli

37. Exogenous - Inulin (gold std clearance) Enterobacter

38. Endogenous - Cystatin C Klebsiella

39. Oldest clearance test - Urea Clearance Edwardsiella

40. F2 isosprostanes - Alzheimer's dss Citrobacter

41. Seminal fluid - Seliwanoff Chronobacter sakazakii

42. Ca Phosphate = Apatite = Non birefringent K/A and H2S pos - S. typhi and P. mirabilis

43. Peritoneal = Ascitic fluid A w/ gas - E. coli

44. Transudate - tubig-like K/K - P. aeroginosa

45. Exudate - excess CHON K/A - S. flexneri, E. coli, Aeromonas

46. AFP - Neural tube defects A/A - Vibrio (oxidase pos)

47. LS ratio - FLM Characteristics

48. D-xylose - differentiate malnutrition from Coffee bean - Neisseria

maldigestion
Pearlike/Mercury - Bordetella
49. Bronchial Asthma - CCCD (Curschmann, Charcot
leyden, Creola, Dittrich) Cigar shaped - M. leprae

50. Diagnex - for gastric; spx urine Boxcar/Bamboo - B. anthracis

Poached egg colonies - C. dipth

Diene’s - Mycoplasma Daisy head - C. dipth var gravis

Wayson’s- Polar bodies Irregular colonies - Arizona

Loefflers alk meth blue- C. diptheriae Irregular indented - Pseudomonas

Sellers- Negri bodies Mullberry: Mycoplasma

India ink- C. neoformans Odors

Shaeffer Fulton - Endospores Fish-like - Vibrio

Fite faraco - M. leprae Garlic - C. dipth

Leifson’s - Flagella Pungent - S. odorifera/ P. multocida

Warthin starry, Levaditi, Fontana - Spirochetes Musty - S. odorifera / Nocardia / Streptomyces

Dieterle’s - L. pneumophila Bleach - H. influenzae / E. corrodens

Lactose fermenters Horse manure - C. difficile

SEEKECC Wet fur - H. influenzae

Burnt gun / burnt chocolate – Proteus 19. CD 4 - Th; MHC Class II

Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis 20. CD 8 - Tc; MHC Class I

HACEK 21. CD 56 - NK cells

-Haemophillus influenzae 22. CD 16 - Fc receptor for opsonins

-Aggregatibacter/ Actinobacillus 23. Innate immunity

-Cardiobacterium hominis - Alternative pathway

-Eikenella corodens -phagocytes

-Kingella kingae -External defense

Parts of Platelets, ESR, PT, APTT, TCT, Coagulation, -nonspecific

M4-M7, Anemia, Handwashing, EPO, Cytochem Stains,
Mesoblastic, Charcot-Leyden, Pre-Analytical, L1, MKI, 24. Adaptive immunity
MKII, MKIII, Angle in Smearing, Corrected WBC, IL2,3,
- Classical pathway
B Cell
-T and B cells
IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY!!!!!
-Antibodies
1. Louis Pasteur - attenuated vaccine
-specific
2. Edward Jenner - killed virus vaccine
25. NK + IL-2 = LAK cells
3. Elie Metchkinoff - Phagocytosis
26. NK cells - stimulated by IL-2, IFN a/b
4. Susumu Tonegawa - Antibody diversity
27. TLR1 - Lipopeptide Mycobac
5. Burnet - CLonal selection
28. TLR2 - Peptidoglycan gram pos
6. Kohler - Hybridoma
29. TLR4 - LPS gram neg
7. Ehrlich - side chain theory
30. TLR5- flagellin
8. CD 2,3,4 - T cell
31. TLR6 - lipoteichoic acid - mycobac, yeasts, gram pos
9. CD 19, 20, 21 - B cell
32. TLR3 - dsRNA virus
10. IL-1 - Fever; inflammation
33. TLR7,8 - ssRNA
11. IL-2 - T/B cell proliferation
34. TLR 9 - dsDNA
12. IL-3 - Hematopoetic activity
35. TLR10 – unknown
13. IL-4 - IgE production
36. HLA B27 - Strong assoc with Ankylosing spondy
14. IL-5 - Eosinophils activation
37. HLA DQ2 - Strong assoc with Celiac dss
15. IL-6 - T/B cell activation
38. HLA DR3/DR4 - DM Type 1 Juvenile Ketosis-prone
16. IL-10 - inhibit IFN gamma
39. MHC CLasses are located on the SHORT ARM
8. EDIT: CD 2,3,4,8 - T cell
CHROMOSOME 6
17. CD 3 - Pan T marker
40. Aluminum salts - only approved adjuvant
18. CD 19 - Pan B marker
41. MHC Class I - all nucleated cells

42. MHC Class II - APCs

43. MHC Class III - not expressed on cells surfaces

44. Ig GAD - only antibodies with Hinge region

45. Ig GAMDE - highest to lowest concentration in serum

46. IgG half life - 23 days (range: 23-25 days)

47. Variable region- determines Ab specificity

48. Fc portion- all biological functions of Ab

49. Fab portion - Ag binding

50. Kappa - Chr 2

51. Lambda- Chr 22

52. IgG4- cannot activate complement

53. IgG2 - cannot cross the placenta

54. IgG - precipitation

55. IgM- Agglutination

Conversion factor ng Glucose ug at Albumin

Paalala ulit: Clinical Chem! Back to basic please un at

un talaga yung lalabas pati conversion factor sayang
points.