DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

EXERCISE – 11(D)
I. Solve the following differential equations.
dy 12x + 5y − 9
1. =−
dx 5x + 2y − 4
Sol. From given differential equation
b = –5, a = 5 ⇒ b = –a
(5x + 2y – 4)dy = –(12x + 5y – 9)dx
(5x + 2y – 4)dy + (12x + 5y – 9)dx = 0
5(x dy+y dx) + 2y dy–4 dy+12x dx – 9 dx = 0
Integrating 5xy + y2 – 4y + 6x2 – 9x = c.
dy −3x − 2y + 5
2. =
dx 2x + 3y + 5
Sol. From given differential equation
b = –2, a = 2 ⇒ b = –a
(2x + 3y + 5)dy = (–3x – 2y + 5)dx
2x dy + 3y dy + 5dy = –3x dx –2y dx + 5 dx
2x dy + 3y dy + 5dy + 3x dx –2y dx + 5 dx = 0
Integrating
3 2 3 2
2xy + y + x + 5y − 5x = c
2 2
4xy + 3y 2 + 3x 2 − 10x + 10y = 2c = c′
Solution is
4xy + 3(x2 + y2) – 10(x – y) = c.
dy −3x − 2y + 5
3. =
dx 2x + 3y − 5

Ans: 3x 2 + 4xy + 3y2 − 10x − 10y = c

which is the required solution.
dy
4. 2(x − 3y + 1) = 4x − 2y + 1
dx
Ans: 2xy – 3y2 – 2x2 + 2y – x = c.
 dy x − y + 2
5. =
dx x + y − 1
Sol. 2xy + y 2 − x 2 − 2y − 4x = 2c = c′
dy 2x − y + 1
6. =
dx x + 2y − 3
Ans: xy + y2 – x2 – 3x – x = c
II. Solve the following differential equations.
dy
1. (2x + 2y + 3) =x+y+1
dx

Sol.
dy
=
x + y +1
=
( x + y) +1
dx 2x + 2y + 3 2 ( x + y ) + 3
dv dy
Let v = x + y so that = 1+
dx dx
dv v + 1 2v + 3 + v + 1 3v + 4
= 1+ = =
dx 2v + 3 2v + 3 2v + 3
2v + 3
dv = dx
3v + 4
2 1 3 ⋅ dv
3 ∫ dv + ∫
9 3v + 4 ∫
= dx

2 1
v + log(3v + 4) = x + c
3 9
⇒ 6v + log(3v + 4) = 9x + 9c
⇒ 6(x + y) + log[3(x + y) + 4] = 9x + c
Hence solution is log(3x + 3y + 4) = 3x – 6y + c
dy 4x + 6y + 5
2. =
dx 2x + 3y + 4
dy 4x + 6y + 5 2 ( 2x + 3y ) + 5
Sol. = =
dx 2x + 3y + 4 2x + 3y + 4
Let v = 2x + 3y
dv dy dv 3(2v + 5)
= 2+3 ⇒ = 2+
dx dx dx v+4
2v + 8 + 6v + 15 8v + 23
= =
v+4 v+4
v+4
dv = dx
8v + 23
 1 9 dv
8 ∫ dv + ∫
8 8v + 23 ∫
= dx

1 9
v + log(8v + 23) = x + c
8 64
⇒ 8v + 9 log(8v + 23) = 64x + 64c
8(2x + 3y) – 64x + 9log(16x + 24y + 23) = c′
9
⇒ 2x + 3y − 8x + log(16x + 24y + 23) = c′′
8
9
3x − 6x + log(16x + 24y + 23) = c′′
8
Hence solution is:
3
y − 2x + log(16x + 24y + 23) = k
8
3. (2x + y + 1)dx + (4x + 2y – 1)dy = 0
dy 2x + y + 1
Sol. =−
dx 4x + 2y − 1
⇒ a1 = 2, b1 = 1, a 2 = 4, b 2 = 2
a1 2 1 b1
= = =
a 2 4 2 b2
dv dy
Let 2x + y=v so that = 2+
dx dx
dv v + 1 4v − 2 − v − 1 3(v − 1)
= 2− = =
dx 2v − 1 2v − 1 2v − 1
2v − 1 2v − 1
dv = dx ⇒ dv = 3dx
3(v − 1) v −1
 1 
∫  2 + v − 1  dv = 3∫ dx
2v + log(v − 1) = 3x + c
2v − 3x + log(v − 1) = c
2(2x + y) − 3x + log(2x + y − 1) = c
4x + 2y − 3x + log(2x + y − 1) = c
Solution is x + 2y + log(2x + y – 1) = c
 dy 2y + x + 1
4. =
dx 2x + 4y + 3
dy 2y + x + 1
Sol. =
dx 2x + 4y + 3
dv 2dy
Let v = x + 2y so that = 1+
dx dx
dv 2(v + 1) 2v + 3 + 2v + 2 4v + 5
= 1+ = =
dx 2v + 3 2v + 3 2v + 3
2v + 3 1 1 
dv = dx ⇒ ∫  +  dv = ∫ dx
4v + 5  2 2(4v + 5) 
1 1 1
v + ⋅ log(4v + 5) = x + c
2 2 4
⇒ 4v + log(4v + 5) = 8x + 8c
⇒ 4(x + 2y) − 8x + log[4(x + 2y) + 5] = c′
4x + 8y – 8x + log(4x + 8y + 5) = c′
⇒ 8y – 4x + log(4x + 8y + 5) = c′ which is solution of the given differential equation.
5. (x + y – 1)dy = (x + y + 1)dx
Ans:(x – y) + log (x + y) = c

III. Solve the following differential equations.

dy 3y − 7x + 7
1. =
dx 3x − 7y − 3
Sol.
⇒ a1 = −7, b1 = 3, a 2 = 3, b 2 = −7
a1 −7 b1 3 a1 b1
= , = ∴ ≠
a2 3 b 2 −7 a 2 b2
Let x = x + h, y = y + k
dy dY
Where 3k − 7h + 7 = 0 and3h − 7k − 3 = 0 and =
dx dX
Solving these equations,
h = 0 and k = 1
dy 3y − 7x
= which is a homogeneous differential equation.
dx 3x − 7y
dy dv
Put y = vx ⇒ = v+x
dx dx
 dv x(3v − 7)
v+x =
dx x(3 − 7v)
dv 3v − 7 3v − 7 − 3v + 7v 2
x = −v=
dx 3 − 7v 3 − 7v
7v 2 − 7 7v 2 − 7
= =
3 − 7v 3 − 7v
3 − 7v dx
dv =
7v 2 − 7 x
3 7vdv dx
∫ 7v 2 − 7 dv − ∫ 7v 2 − 7 = ∫ x
3 v −1 1
ln x = ln − ln | v 2 − 1| 14 log x–log c
14 v + 1 2
v −1
x = 3log − 7 log | v 2 − 1|⇒ 14 ln x − ln c
v +1
= 3ln(v − 1) − 3ln(v + 1) − 7 ln(v + 1) − 7 ln(v − 1)
14 ln x − ln c = −10 ln(v + 1) − 4 ln(v − 1)
ln(v + 1)5 + ln(v − 1) 2 + ln x 7 = ln c
(v + 1)5 ⋅ (v − 1) 2 ⋅ x 7 = c
5 2
y  y  7
 + 1  − 1 x = c
x  x 
(y − x) 2 (y + x)5 = c
[y − (x − 1)]2 (y + x − 1)5 = c

Solution is [y − x + 1)]2 (y + x − 1)5 = c

dy 6x + 5y − 7
2. =
dx 2x + 18y − 14
Ans: (3y – 2x – 1)2 (x + 2y – 2) = 343c = c″

dy 10x + 8y − 12
3. + =0
dx 7x + 5y − 9
Ans: (x + y – 1)2 (2x + y – 3)3 = c
4. (x – y – 2)dx + (x – 2y – 3)dy = 0
dy − x + y + 2
Sol. Given equation is =
dx x − 2y − 3
⇒ a1 = −1, b1 = 1, a 2 = 1, b 2 = −2
a1 −1 b1 1 a1 b1
= , = ∴ ≠
a 2 1 b 2 −2 a 2 b2

dy dY
Let x = X + h, y = Y + k where − h + k + 2 = 0and h − 2k − 3 = 0 and =
dx dX
Solving these equations h = 1, k = –1
dY −X + Y
Therefore = which is homogeneous differential equation.
dX X − 2Y
dY dV
Put Y = VX so that =V+X
dX dX
dV X(−1 + V) −1 + V
V+X = =
dX X(1 − 2V) 1 − 2V
dV −1 + V −1 + V − V + 2V 2 2V 2 − 1
X = −V = =
dX 1 − 2V 1 − 2V 1 − 2V
(1 − 2V)dV dX
∫ 2V − 1
2
=∫
X
1
− (−4V) − 1
dX
∫ X =∫ 2
1 − 2V 2
dV

1 (−4VdV) dV
= ∫ − ∫
2 1 − 2V 2 1 − 2V 2
1 1 dV
log | x |= − log |1 − 2V 2 | − ∫
2 2  1 2
 −V
2

 2
1
+V
1 1 1 2 + log c 2log | x |= − log |1 − 2V |
2
= − log |1 − 2V | − ⋅
2
log
2 2 2 1
−V
2
1
+V
1 2
− log + log C
 1  1
−V
2 
 2 2
 1 1+ V 2
2 log | x | + log |1 − 2V 2 |= − log + log c
2 1− V 2

1 X+Y 2
log X 2 (1 − 2V 2 ) = − log + log c
2 X−Y 2
1/ 2
 X−Y 2 
log | X − 2Y |= log c 
2 2

X+Y 2 
1/ 2
 X−Y 2 
∴ X − 2Y = c 
2 2

X+Y 2 
Substituting X = x–h = x – 1 , Y = y–k = y + 1
1/ 2
 x − 1 − (y + 1) 2 
(x − 1) − 2(y + 1) = c 
2 2

 x − 1 + (y + 1) 2 
1/ 2
 x − y 2 −1 − 2 
(x − 2y − 2x − 4y − 1) = c 
2 2

 x + y 2 −1 + 2 
5. (x – y)dy = (x + y + 1) dx
 1
Ans: log c 2  x 2 + y 2 + x + y + 
 2
6. (2x + 3y – 8)dx = (x + y – 3)dy

dy x + 2y + 3
7. =
dx 2x + 3y + 4

dy 2x + 9y − 20
8. =
dx 6x + 2y − 10
Ans: c(x + 2y – 5) = (y – 2x)2 = (2x – y)2

Linear Equations:
dy
A differential equation of the form + Py = Q , where P and Q are functions of x only is called
dx
a linear differential equation of the first order in y.
Bernoulli’s Equation
dy
An equation of the form + Py = Qyn , where P and Q are functions of x only, is called a
dx
Bernoulli’s equation.
EXERCISE – 11(E)
I. Find the I.F. of the following differential equations by transforming them into linear
form.
dy
1. x − y = 2x 2 sec2 2x
dx
dy
Sol. x − y = 2x 2 sec2 2x
dx
dx 1
− y = 2x sec2 2x which is linear in y .
dy x

1 1
I.F. = e ∫ log x = e − log x = elog(1/x) =
pdx
= ∫−
e
x x

dx
2. y − x = 2y3
dy
dx dx 1
Sol. y − x = 2y3 ⇒ − x = 2y 2 which is linear equation in x.
dy dy y
1
∫ − dy 1
I.F. = e ∫ = e − log y = elog(1/ y) =
pdy
=e y
y
II. Solve the following differential equations.
dy
1. + y tan x = cos3 x
dx
dy
Sol. + y tan x = cos3 x which is linear differential equation in y.
dx

I.F. = e ∫ = e∫
p dx tan x dx
= elog(sec x) = sec x
Solution of the equation is
y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

⇒ y sec x = ∫ sec x cos3 x dx = ∫ cos 2 x dx

1 1 sin 2x 
=
2 ∫ (1 + cos 2x)dx =  x +
2 2 
+c
 2y
= x + sin x ⋅ cos x + c
cos x
Solution is:
2y = x cos x + sin x ⋅ cos2 x + c ⋅ cos x
dy
2. + ysec x = tan x
dx
dy
Sol. + ysec x = tan x which is l.d.e. in y
dx

I.F. = e ∫ = elog(sec x + tan x) = sec x + tan x

sec xdx

Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

y(sec x + tan x) = ∫ tan x(sec x + tan x)dx

= ∫ (sec x ⋅ tan x + tan 2 x)dx

= ∫ (sec x ⋅ tan x + sec2 x − 1)dx

Solution is
y(sec x + tan x) = sec x + tan x − x + c
dy
3. − y tan x = e x sec x which is l.d.e. in y.
dx
− tan x dx
Sol. I.F. = e ∫ = elog cos x = cos x
Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

y cos x = ∫ e x sec x cos xdx = ∫ e x dx = e x + c

dy
4. x + 2y = log x
dx
x2 x2
Ans: log x − +c
2 4

dy −1
5. (1 + x 2 ) + y = etan x
dx
−1
dy 1 e tan x
Sol. + ⋅ y = which is a linear differential equation in y.
dx 1 + x 2 1+ x2
dx
∫ 2 −1
I.F. = e ∫
pdx
= e 1+ x = e tan x
Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx
 −1
tan −1 x (e tan x 2
)
y⋅e =∫ dx …(1)
1+ x 2

−1
(e tan x 2
) dx
Consider ∫ dx put tan −1 x = t ⇒ = dt
1+ x2 1+ x2
−1
e 2t e 2 tan x
= ∫ (e ) dt = ∫ e dt =
t 2
= 2t
2 2
−1
tan −1 x e 2 tan x
c
Solution is y ⋅ e = +
2 2
−1 −1
2y ⋅ e tan x
= e 2 tan x
+c
dy 2y
6. + = 2x 2
dx x
dy 2y
Sol. + = 2x 2 which is l.d.e. in y.
dx x
2
∫ x dx 2
I.F. = e = e 2log x = elog x = x 2
Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

2x 5
y ⋅ x = ∫ 2x dx =
2 4
+c
5
dy 4x 1
7. + y =
dx 1 + x 2 (1 + x 2 )2

Ans: y(1 + x 2 )2 = ∫ dx = x + c
dy
8. x + y = (1 + x)e x
dx
Ans: y ⋅ x = x ⋅ e x + c
dy 3x 2 1+ x2
9. + y=
dx 1 + x 3 1 + x3
dy 3x 2 1+ x2
Sol. + y = which is linear differential equation in y.
dx 1 + x 3 1 + x3
3x 2
∫ 1+ x 3 dx
= elog(1+ x ) = 1 + x 3
3
I.F. = e
Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx
 x3
y(1 + x 3 ) = ∫ (1 + x 2 )dx = x + +c
3
dy
10. − y = −2e− x
dx
Ans: y = e− x + cex
dy
11. (1 + x 2 ) + y = tan −1 x .
dx
dy 1 tan −1 x
Sol. + ⋅ y = which is linear differential equation in y.
dx 1 + x 2 1+ x2
dx
∫ 1+ x 2 −1
I.F. e = e tan x

Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

−1
tan −1 x −1 e tan x
y⋅e = ∫ tan x dx
1+ x2
dx
Put t = tan–1x so that dt =
1+ x2

∫ t ⋅ e dt = t ⋅ e − ∫ e dt = t ⋅ e − et
t t t t
R.H.S. =
−1 −1
Solution is : y.e tan x
= e tan x
(tan −1 x − 1) + c
−1
y = tan −1 x − 1 + c ⋅ e − tan x

dy
12. + y tan x = sin x .
dx
Ans : ∫ tan x dx = log sec x + c

III. Solve the following differential equations.

dy
1. cos x + ysin x = sec2 x
dx
dy
Sol. + tan x ⋅ y = sec3 x which is l.d.e in y
dx

I.F. = e ∫
tan x dx
= elogsec x = sec x
Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx
 y ⋅ sec x = ∫ sec4 xdx = ∫ (1 + tan 2 x)sec 2 xdx

tan 3 x
= tan x + +c
3

2. sec x ⋅ dy = (y + sin x)dx

dy y + sin x
Sol. = = y cos x + sin x ⋅ cos x
dx sec x
dy
− y cos x = sin x ⋅ cos x which is l..d.e in y
dx
− cos xdx
I.F. = e ∫ = e − sin x
Sol is y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

y ⋅ e− sin x = ∫ e− sin x ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ⋅ dx

Consider ∫ e− sin x ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ⋅ dx

t = – sin x ⇒ dt = –cos x dx
− sin x
∫e ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x dx = + ∫ e t ⋅ t dt

= t ⋅ e t − e t + c = e − sin x ( − sin x − 1) + c

y ⋅ e − sin x = −e − sin x (sin x + 1) + c

or y = −(sin x + 1) + c ⋅ esin x
dy
3. x log x ⋅ + y = 2log x
dx
Ans: y log x = (log x)2 + c
dy
4. (x + y + 1) =1
dx
dy
Sol. (x + y + 1) =1
dx
dx dx
= x + y +1 ⇒ − x = y + 1 which is l.d.e in x.
dy dy
− dy
I.F. = e ∫ = e∫ = e− y
pdy

sol is x.I.F.= ∫ Q.IFdy

x ⋅ e− y = ∫ e− y (y + 1)dy = −(y + 1)e− y + ∫ e− ydy

 = −(y + 1)e− y − e− y = −(y + 2)e− y + c
x = −(y + 2) + c ⋅ e y

dy
5. Solve x(x − 1) − y = x 3 (x − 1)3 .
dx
dy 1
Sol. − y = x 2 (x − 1) 2 which is l.d.e in y
dx x(x − 1)
dx 1 1 
∫ − ∫  x − x −1 
I.F. = e ∫ x(x −1)
pdx
=e =e dx
x
log x
log x −log(x −1) x −1
=e =e =
x −1
Sol y.I.F. = y.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dx

x x
y⋅ = ∫ x 2 (x − 1)2 dx = ∫ x 3 (x − 1)dx
x −1 (x − 1)
xy x5 x 4
Hence solution is = − +c
x −1 5 4
dy
6. (x + 2y3 ) =y
dx
Ans: x = y(y2 + c)
dy
7. Solve (1 − x 2 ) + 2xy = x 1 − x 2 .
dx

Ans y = 1 − x 2 + c(1 − x 2 )
dy
8. x(x − 1) − (x − 2)y = x 3 (2x − 1)
dx
Ans: y(x – 1) = x2(x2 – x + c)
dy 2 3
9. (x y + xy) = 1
dx
dy 2 3
Sol. (x y + xy) = 1
dx
dx
= xy + x 2 y3
dy
 dx
⇒ − xy = x 2 y3 ----(1)
dy
Which is Bernoulli’s equation
Dividing with x2,
1 dx 1
− y = y3
2 dy x
x
1 dz 1 dx
Put z = − so that =
x dy x 2 dy
dz
⇒ + z ⋅ y = y3 ----2)
dy
which is linear differential equation in z

I.F. = e ∫
ydy 2
= ey /2

Sol z.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dy

2 2
z ⋅ ey /2
= ∫ y 3e y /2
⋅ dy

y2
put = t ⇒ y dy = dt
2

y2 /2  y2 
= ∫ t ⋅ dt ⋅ e = e (t − 1) = e
t t
 − 1
 2 

y2 /2 y2 /2  y2 
z⋅e =e  − 1 + c
 2 
y2 1 y2
− 1 + c ⋅ e − y /2 ⇒ − = − 1 + c ⋅ e− y /2
2 2
z=
2 x 2
 y2 
− 1 + c ⋅ e − y /2 
2
−1 = x 
 2 
 
 y2 
Hence solution is 1 + x  − 1 + c ⋅ e − y / 2  = 0
2

 2 
 
dy
10. + x ⋅ sin 2y = x 3 cos 2 y
dx
x2 −1
+ c ⋅ e− x
2
Ans : tan y =
2
  1  dy
11. y 2 +  x −  =0
 y  dx
Sol.
 1  dy
y2 +  x −  =0
 y  dx
 1  dy
x −  = − y2
 y  dx
dx x − 1/ y x 1
= =− 2 + 3
dy −y 2
y y
dx 1 1
+ 2 ⋅ x = 3 which is differential equation in x
dy y y
1
∫ y2 dy
I.F. = e = e−1/y
Sol is x.I.F = ∫ Q. I.F. dy

e −1/ y
x ⋅ e−1/ y = ∫ dy …(1)
y3
1 1
put − = z ⇒ 2 dy = dz
y y

= ∫ z ⋅ ez dz = ez (z − 1)

 1 
x ⋅ e−1/y = −e−1/y  − − 1 + c
 y 
x 1+ y
= +c
e1/y
y ⋅ e1/y
Hence solution is xy = 1 + y + cy e1/y.
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE
d2 y
1. Find the order and degree of the differential equation 2
= −p 2 y .
dx
Ans. Degree = 1, Order = 2
2
 d3 y   dy 
2
2. Find the order and degree of  3  − 3   − e x = 4 .
 dx   dx 
 
Ans. Degree = 2, Order = 3
 1/ 3
1/ 2  d2 y  dy
3. x  2  +x⋅ + y = 0 has order 2, degree 1. Prove it.
 dx  dx

6/5
 d 2 y  dy 3 
4. Find the order and degree of  2 +    = 6y .
 dx  dx  

6/5
 d 2 y  dy 3 
Sol. Given equation is:  2 +    = 6y
 dx  dx  

3
d 2 y  dy 
i.e. +
2  dx 
= (6y)5/ 6
dx  
Order = 2, degree = 1
5. Find the order of the differential equations corresponding to y = c(x – c)2 where c is an
arbitrary constant.
Ans. Order = 1
6. Find the order of the differential equation corresponding to y = Aex + Be3x + Ce5x (A, B,
C being parameters) is a solution.
Ans. Order = 3
7. Form the differential equation corresponding to y = cx – 2c2, where c is a parameter.
2
 dy   dy 
Ans. y = x   − 2   .
 dx   dx 
8. Form the differential equation corresponding to y = Acos 3x + B sin 3x where A and B
are parameters.
d2 y
Ans. + 9y = 0
dx 2
9. Form the differential equation corresponding to the family of circles of radius r given
by (x – a2) + (y – b)2 = r2, where a and b are parameters.
Sol. We have : (x – a2) + (y – b)2 = r2 …(1)
Differentiating (1) w.r.to x
dy
2(x − a) + 2(y − b) =0 …(2)
dx
Differentiating (2) w.r.to x
2
d 2 y  dy 
1 + (y − b) 2 +   = 0 …(3)
dx  dx 
 dy
From (2) (x − a) = −(y − b)
dx
Substituting in (1), we get
2
2  dy 
(y − b)   + (y − b) 2 = r 2
 dx 
  dy  2  2
(y − b)    + 1  = r
2
…(4)
  dx  
 

d2 y   dy  2 
From (3) (y − h) = − 1 +   
dx 2   dx  
 
  dy 2 
1 +   
  dx  
(y − h) = −  
d y
2
 2 
 dx 
3
  dy 2 
1 +   
  dx  
Substituting in (4) :  2
 = r2
d y
2
 2 
 dx 
2 3
2d y
2   dy  2 
i.e. r  2  =  1 +   
 dx    dx  
   
10. Form the differential equation corresponding to the family of circles passing through
the origin and having centers on Y-axis.
dy
Ans. (x 2 − y2 ) − 2xy = 0
dx
11. Express the following differential equations in the form f(x)dx + g(y)dy = 0.
dy 1 + y2
i) =
dx 1 + x 2
dy  dy 
ii) y − x = a  y2 + 
dx  dx 
dy ex x 2
iii) = e x − y + x 2 ⋅ e− y = y + y
dx e e
 dy
iv) + x 2 = x 2 ⋅ e3y
dx
dy
12. Find the general solution of x + y = 0.
dx
Ans. x2 + y2 = 2c = c′
dy
13. Find the general solution of = ex + y .
dx
Ans. ex + e–y = c
dy  dy 
14. Solve y 2 − x = ay+ 
dx  dx 
ca (y − a)
Ans. y =
a(x + a)a
dy y 2 + 2y
15. Solve =
dx x −1
Ans. y = c2(x – 1)2 (y + 2)
dy x(2 log x + 1)
16. Solve =
dx sin y + y cos y
Ans. y sin y = x2 logx + c
17. Find the equation of the curve, whose slope at any point is y/x2 and which satisfies the
condition y = 1 when x = 3.
x −3
Ans. y = e 3x

18. Solve y(1 + x)dx + x(1 + y)dy = 0

Ans. x + y + log(xy) = c
dy
19. Solve = sin(x + y) + cos(x + y)
dx
 x+y
Ans. x = log 1 + tan +c
 2 
dy
20. Solve (x − y)2 = a2
dx
a x − y−a
Ans. y = log +c
2 x−y+a
21. Solve 1 + x 2 1 + y 2 dx + xydy = 0 .

Ans. log | x | − log(1 + 1 + x 2 ) + 1 + x 2 + 1 + y 2 = c

dy x − 2y + 1
22. Solve =
dx 2x − 4y
Ans. (x – 2y)2 + 2x = c′ where c′ = 2c.
dy
23. Solve = y−x
dx
Ans. x + c = 2 y − x + 2log( y − x − 1)
dy
24. Solve + 1 = ex + y
dx
Ans. x + e−(x + y) + c = 0
dy
25. Solve = (3x + y + 4)2
dx
1  3x + y + 4 
Ans. tan −1   = x+c
3  3 
dy
26. Solve − x tan(y − x) = 1
dx
x2
Ans. log | sin(y − x) |= +c
2

27. Show that f(x, y) = 1 + ex/y is a homogenous function of x and y.

28. Show that f (x, y) = x x 2 + y2 − y2 is a homogenous function of x and y.
29. Show that f(x, y) = x – y log y + y log x is a homogeneous function of x and y.
 x dx x
30. Express (1 + e x / y )dx + e x / y 1 −  dy = 0 in the form = F  .
 y dy y
dy y
31. Express (x x 2 + y2 − y2 )dx + xy dy = 0 in the form = F  .
dx x
dy y dx x
32. Express = −
in the form = F  .
dx x + ye 2x / y dy y
 dy y 2 − 2xy
33. Solve = .
dx x 2 − xy

Ans. xy 2xy − 3x 2 = c3
34. Solve (x2 + y2)dx = 2xy dy.
Ans. cx(x2 – y2) = x
35. Solve xy2dy − (x 3 + y3 )dx = 0 .
Ans. y3 = 3x3 log cx.
dy x 2 + y 2
36. Solve =
dx 2x 2
Ans. 2x = (x – y)(log x + c)
y y
37. Solve x sec   (ydx + xdy) = y csc   (xdy − ydx) .
x x
Sol.
y y
x sec   (ydx + xdy) = y csc   (xdy − ydx)
x x
 y  dy   y   dy 
⇒ x sec    y + x  = y csc    x − y
 x  dx   x   dx 
dy  y  y   y  y 
x  x ⋅ sec   − y ⋅ csc    = − y  y csc   + x sec   
dx  x  x   x  x 
 y  y 
− y  y csc   + x sec   
dy  x  x 
=
dx  y  y 
x  x sec   − y csc   
 x  x 
This is a homogeneous equation.
Put y = vx
dy dv
= v+x
dx dx
dv  v csc v + sec v 
v+x = v 
dx  v csc v − sec v 
 v 1 
v + 
sin v cos v  v(v cosv+ sin v)
=  =
 1 1  v cos v − sin v
v − 
 sin v cos v 
 dv v(v cos v + sin v)
x = −v
dx v cos v − sin v
v(v cos v + sin v − v cos v + sin v)
=
v cos v − sin v
2v sin v
=
v cos v − sin v
v cos v − sin v dx
∫ v sin v
dv = 2 ∫
x
cos v 1 dx
∫ sin v dv − ∫ v dv = 2∫ x
log sin v − log v = 2 log x + log c
 sin v  sin v
 = log cx ⇒ = cx 2
2
log 
 v  v
x y y
sin   = cx 2 ⇒ sin   = cxy
y x x
y
38. Give the solution of x sin 2 dx = ydx − xdy which passes through the point (1, π/4).
x
y
Ans. cot = log x + 1
x
39. Solve (x3 − 3xy2 )dx + (3x 2 y − y3 )dy = 0 .

y2
2
−1
Ans. x = cx
y2
+1
x2
40. Transform the following two differential equations into linear form.
dy
Ans. + Py = Q
dx
dy
41. (x + 2y3 ) =y
dx
dx
Ans. + Px = Q
dy
Find I.F. of the following two differential equations by transforming them into linear form.
dy
42. (cos x) + y sin x = tan x
dx

Ans. I.F. = e ∫
log sec x
= sec x
 (
43. Solve 2x − 10y3 ) dx
dy
+y=0

2
∫ y dy 2
Ans. I.F. = e = e2log y = elog y = y2

(
44. Solve 1 + x 2 ) dx
dy
+ 2xy − 4x 2
=0

4x 3
Ans. y(1 + x 2 ) = ∫ 4x 2 dx = +c
3
1 dy
⋅ + y ⋅ e x = e(1− x)e .
2
45. Solve
x dx
Ans. 2y ⋅ e(x −1)e = x 2 + 2c
x

dy
46. Solve sin 2 x ⋅ + y = cot x .
dx
Ans. y ⋅ e− cot x = (cot x + 1)e − cot x + c
dy
47. Find the equation of the equation x(x − 2) − 2(x − 1)y = x 3 (x − 2) which satisfies the
dx
condition that y = 9 when x = 3.
y
Ans. = x + 2 log(x − 2)
x(x − 2)
48. Solve (1 + y 2 )dx = (tan −1 y − x)dy .
−1 −1
Ans. x ⋅ e tan y
= e tan y
(tan −1 y − 1) + c .