Name: MICHELLE B.

ATIENZA
Subject: FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
Professor: LEONARDO FLORES

1. What are the differences of Naturalism, Idealism, and Realism?

In Realism, education is based on spiritualism and ethics. It emphasizes mental capabilities.
Teacher and curriculum are the center of education. It emphasizes book learning. Both individual
and society are valued. It is a definite and specific ideology. In Idealism, education is based on
science only. It emphasizes on behavior and experiment. Child and his present life are the center
of education. It opposes book learning. Both individual and the society are valued. It is liable to
change according to a change in life. In Naturalism, education is based on psychology. It
emphasizes basic instincts, interests, and tendencies. Child is the center of education. It opposes
book learning. Only individual is considered and valued. It is a progressive and dynamic ideology.
2. What are the differences between Elementary, Secondary and Tertiary?
Elementary school covers the first six years of compulsory education (grades 1–6)
informally divided into 3 years of primary level and 3 years of intermediate level. Students in
elementary schools are all at different phases of development, and their needs vary greatly.
However, most elementary school teachers focus on a specific grade level, teaching one class of
students who are around the same age. Elementary school teachers usually have one class and they
teach their students several different subjects. The curriculum is usually structured around the
fundamental subjects of mathematics, science, social studies, language, arts, music, art and reading.
The exact structure and pedagogy can vary from school to school, but for the most part, elementary
school focuses on building the foundation for a well-rounded education overseen by teachers who
follow students closely through their development. Elementary school teachers are expected to be
very hands-on, creating fun and enthusiastic atmospheres within their classrooms and adapting to
meet the needs of their students. Secondary education, on the other hand consists of four levels
largely based on the American schooling system. DepEd (Department of Education) specifies a
compulsory curriculum for all secondary schools, public and private. While, Higher Education is
governed by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) that was created on May 18, 1994
through the passage of Republic Act No. 7722, or the Higher Education Act of 1994. The creation
of CHED was part of a broad agenda of reforms on the country’s education system outlined by the
Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) in 1992. Part of the reforms was the
trifocalization of the education sector into three governing bodies: the CHED for tertiary and
graduate education, the Department of Education (DepEd) for basic education and the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) for technical-vocational and middle-level
education.

3. How a child behavior affects learning?

How students behave affects how well they learn. At school, children have different
experiences based on character. For example, in my class of 19 students, 14 males and 5 females.
The males outnumbered the females and thus dominate the class. These 14 males have low self-
control and exhibit poorer work habits than the females with higher self-control. As a result of this
factor, self-discipline is a better predictor of academic performance.
4. How can there be unity in the diversity of culture?
According to Tylor, Culture is “that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge and everything that a person learns
and shares as a member of society.” Culture is considered as the strong foundation on which we
build our paradise. Be it in any country or place, they have their own culture and tradition.
Philippines is just one among the countries in the world who has diverse culture. A child has a
potential to learn any culture as he grows and survives the various stages of life. Through the
process of socialization or enculturation, the child eventually acquires more than one culture.
School as an example, children from various places, classes, community, tradition, get to know
each other in depth during the course of time and the best part of it is that they adopt the positive
aspects from each diverse culture and enhance their own. The school can create understanding and
importance of culture so the young ones can see, experience and make it a part of their life.
This is what we meant by culture, to learn how to respect other’s culture without losing
yours. Indeed, we can be united even though we are divided.
5. What is academic freedom?
Academic freedom is a concept that calls for the use of democratic principle of teaching
and learning. It is the freedom of teachers and students to teach, study, and pursue knowledge and
research without unreasonable interference or restriction from law, institutional regulations, or
public pressure. Its basic elements include the freedom of teachers to inquire into any subject that
evokes their intellectual concern; to present their findings to their students, colleagues, and others;
to publish their data and conclusions without control or censorship; and to teach in the manner they
consider professionally appropriate. For students, the basic elements include the freedom to study
subjects that concern them and to form conclusions for themselves and express their opinions.
According to its proponents, the justification for academic freedom thus defined lies not in
the comfort or convenience of teachers and students but in the benefits to society; i.e., the long-
term interests of a society are best served when the educational process leads to the advancement
of knowledge, and knowledge is best advanced when inquiry is free from restraints by the state, by
the church or other institutions, or by special-interest groups.