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Senior Inter Maths - II(A)
De Moivre's Theorem

e t
Questions and Answers
. n
Q: Solve the following equations:
(éÀçC ÆæO’-éπ-®Ω-ù«-©†’ ≤ƒCµç-îªçúÕ). h a
1) x4 − 1 = 0
i b
(x2 − 1) (x2 + 1) = 0
a t
x2 − 1 = 0 ⇒ x = ± 1
p r
x2 + 1 = 0 ⇒ x = ± i
d u
∴ x = ± 1, ± i
n a
2) x5
x5
+1=0

.
= −1e e
w w
x = (−1)1/5 = (−1 + i.0)1/5
e t
w
−1 + i.0 = r (cos θ + i sin θ)
. n
⇒ −1 = r cos θ; 0 = r sin θ
h a
⇒ r2 = 1; r = 1; θ=Π
i b
∴ (−1 + i.0)1/5
a t
= [cos (2k + 1) Π + i sin (2k + 1)Π]1/5,

p r
[ Π
] Π u
for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

d
n 5 a[
= cos (2k + 1)  + i sin (2k + 1) 
5 ]
e e Π Π
k = 0 ⇒ 1st value is cos  + i sin 
. 5 5

w ww 3Π
k = 1 ⇒ 2nd value is cos  + i sin 
5
k = 2 ⇒ 3 value is cos Π + i sin Π
rd
3Π
5

7Π 7Π
k = 3 ⇒ 4th value is cos  + i sin 
5 5
9Π 9Π
k = 4 ⇒ 5th value is cos  + i sin 
5 5

R-5-1-15
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3) Find the common roots of the equations.
x12 − 1 = 0; x4 + x2 + 1 = 0
(x12 − 1 = 0; x4 + x2 + 1 = 0 ÆæO’-éπ-®Ω-ù«© Ö´’túÕ ´‚™«©†’ éπ†’-éÓ\çúÕ.)
Ans: x12 − 1 = 0 e t
⇒ x = 11/12 = (1 + i.0 )1/12
. n
1 + i.0 = r (cos θ + i sin θ)
h a
⇒ r = 1; θ = 2 kΠ
i b
(1 + i.0)1/12 = (cos 2 kΠ + i sin 2 k Π)1/12
a t
kΠ
6
kΠ
= cos  + i.sin  , k = 0, 1, 2 .... 10, 11
6
p r
Π
k = 0 ⇒ x = cis.0;
d u
k = 1 ⇒ x = cis. 
6
Π
a
k = 2 ⇒ x = cis.  ; k = 3 = x = cis. 
3
n
Π
2

.e e 2Π
k = 4 ⇒ x = cis.  ; k = 5 ⇒ x = cis. 
3
5Π
6

w
k = 6 ⇒ x = cis.Π;

w
7Π
k = 7 ⇒ x = cis. 
6
e t
w 4Π
k = 8 ⇒ x = cis.  ; k = 9 ⇒ x = cis. 
3
3Π
2
. n
5Π
k = 10 ⇒ x = cis.  ; k = 11 ⇒ x = cis. 
3
11Π
6
h a
x4 + x2 + 1 = 0
−1 ±

i b
⇒ x2 = 
2
i √ 3

a t
(
⇒ x = 

−1 ± i √ 3 1/2
) p r
Π
2
d u
n 3
2Π
3 a4Π
⇒ x = cis.  , cis.  , cis.  , cis. 
3
5Π
3
Π

. e 2
3
2Π
3
4Π
3
5Π
∴ Common roots (Ö´’túÕ ´‚™«©’): cis. , cis.  , cis.  , cis. 
e 3

ww
4) If z is a complex number and 1 + z + z = 0, then prove:
(z äéπ 1 + z + z2 = 0 Å®·ûË

(w )
ÆæçéîΩg Ææçêu Å®·, E®Ω÷-°œç-îªçúÕ)
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
z +
z + z (
2 + 
z2
+ z3 + ) ( 3
z ) (
+ z4 + 4
z ) (
+ z5 +
z) (
5 + z6 +
z)
6 = 12

Ans: Let z = ω (ņ’-èπ◊çü∆ç)

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∴ 1 + z + z2 = 0 ⇒ 1 + ω + ω2 = 0
Also, z3 = 1 ⇒ ω3 = 1
1 2 1 2
(z + z ) (
= ω +  )
ω = (ω + ω )
2 2
t
= (−1)2 = 1 .............. (1)
n e
( 1 2
) ( 1 2
z2 + 2 = ω2 + 2 = (ω2 + ω)2
z ω
)
a .
( 1 2
) ( 1 2
= (−1)2 = 1 ................... (2)
) b h
z3 + 3 = ω3 + 3 = (1 + 1)2
z ω
t i
( 1 2
) ( ) ( )r
1 2a = 22 = 4 ...................... (3)
z4 + 4 = ω4 + 4 = ω + 
1 2
z

u pω ω
= (−1)2 = 1 .................... (4)
( 1 2
) ( )ad
( 1 2
)
z5 + 5 = ω5 + 5 = ω2 + 2
ω
1 2
ω

( ) e(
z

1 2e n) 1 2
z6 + 6 = ω6 + 6 = (1 + 1)2
2
= (−1) = 1 .................... (5)

w .
z ω
t
w w = (2)2 = 4 .................... (6)
(1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) + (6) = 12
n e
5)
a .
Prove that the sum of 99th powers of the roots of the equation x7 − 1 = 0 is zero
h
and hence deduce the roots of the equation x6 + x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0.
b
(x7−1 = 0 ÆæO’-éπ-®Ωùç ´‚™«© 99´ °∂æ÷û√©
x6 + x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 ÆæO’-éπ-®Ωùç t i
¢Á·ûªhç Ææ’-Ø√o ÅE îª÷°œ, ûªü∆y®√
´‚™«-©-†’ ®√•-ôdçúÕ.)
Ans: x7−1 = 0 ⇒ x = 11/7 = (1 + i.0)1/7
r a
u
(1 + i.0)1/7 = r (cos θ + i sin θ) p
⇒ r = 1, θ = 2 k Π
a d
n
∴ (1 + i.0)1/7 = (cos 2kΠ + i sin 2kΠ)1/7
e
.e
2kΠ 2kΠ
= cos  + i.sin , k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

ww
7 7

w
k = 0 ⇒ x = cis.0
∴ x99 = cis.0 = ............... (1)
2Π
k = 1 ⇒ x = cis. 
7
2Π
x99 = cis. (99)  ...... (2)
7
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4Π
k = 2 ⇒ x = cis. 
7
4Π
x99 = cis. (99)  ........ (3)
7
6Π
k = 3 ⇒ x = cis. 
6Π
7
x99 = cis. (99)  ...... (4) e t
7
k = 4 ⇒ x = cis. 
8Π
. n
8Π
7
x99 = cis. (99)  ...... (5)
h a
7
k = 5 ⇒ x = cis. 
10Π
i b
7

a t
10Π
x99 = cis. (99)  ...... (6)
7
p r
12Π
k = 6 ⇒ x = cis. 
d u
7

n a
.e e 12Π
x99 = cis. (99)  ...... (7)
7

w
(1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) + (6) + (7)
w [ 2Π
] e t
w
= (1 + 0) + cis.  (99) [1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6]
7
. n
= 1 + cis. (594Π)
= 1 + (−1)
h a
=0
i b
a
Also, (Éçé¬) x6 + x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 t
1(x7 − 1)
⇒  = 0
p r
[ G.P. with a = 1, r = x, a = 1, r = x ûÓ í∫’.v¨Ï.]
x−1

d u
⇒ x7 − 1 = 0

n a
.e e2kΠ
⇒ x = cis.  , k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
7

ww
Writer: C. Sadasivasastry

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