DIFFERENT FIELDS OF NURSING
1. INSTITUTIONAL NURSING
ADVANTAGES
1. There is always a supervisor whom one can
consult if problem exist
2. Nurses are updated with new trends in medicine
and in the nursing care of patients
3. They undergo rotation to different units and
have a chance to determine their special are of
choice before they are assigned permanently in
one area
4. They have an 8-hour day duty and a forty- hour
week duty which provide for 2 days of rest from
duty. They has provision for sick leaves, holidays
and vacations with pay according to personnel
policies of the institution
5. They have the chance to get promoted to higher
position if they are qualified
6. Salary increases are given periodically according
to merit system thereby increasing their
initiatives and best efforts
7. They are considered an important member of
the health team providing care to the patient
8. More staff development programs are available
in hospitals
2. PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING/COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
ADVANTAGES
1. The focus of nursing care is only on family and
community health rather than on an individual
basis. Here, the nurse will be able to see the
total picture of family and community health
2. It gives the nurse a better perspective of the
health conditions of the community and the
health programs conceived and implemented by
the government, and to appreciate the nurses’
role in nation building
3. It maximizes efforts to improvise where there
are no sufficient facilities, supplies and
equipment
4. It enables the nurse to utilize various community
resources and maximize coordination with other
members of the health team
5. Focus of care is more on educational and
preventive aspects. Thus nurses, have the
privilege of contributing to the program for
healthy citizenry especially among the rural poor
6. Individuals, families and communities are
motivated to assume responsibility for their own
health
(Professional Nursing in the Philippines 10th edition by Venzon and Venzon)
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DISADVANTAGES
1. There is a great possibility of understaffing which
may require nurses to put in overtime work and
sacrifice some of their plans. This is especially
true in hospital where budget for personnel is
limited
2. Because of the bulk of work, some staff nurses
do not find time to improve their skills through
continuing education programs, or if the
hospitals are far-flung, no continuing education
programs are provided
3. Administrative problems and over work may
tend to dissatisfy the staff nurse
DISADVANTAGES
1. Cases found in public health nursing are limited
mostly to chronic and/or communicable diseases
2. There are more hazards in public health than in
hospital nursing, such as exposure to elements,
dog or snake bites, accidents, etc
3. There are no fixed hours of work. The nurse may
be called upon any time of the day or night
4. Some claim that public health nursing is not as
exciting nor as glamorous as hospital work
5. Facilities for care of the sick are limited so that
practice or skills may also be limited
6. The public health nurse may not be immediately
aware of changes or trends in the fields of
medicine or nursing
7. Public health nursing is not a place for introverts.
A nurse has to be outgoing to meet people
8. There is no immediate supervisor to consult in
case of emergency
 3. PRIVATE DUTY/ SPECIAL DUTY NURSING
GENERAL GUIDELINES:

A. Although a private duty nurse is considered independent contractor, s/he is directly under the
supervision of the nursing service in the hospital, or of the head nurse in the unit. S/he is expected
to make a comprehensive verbal report to the chief nurse or supervisor when they visit the patient
and submit a written report to the head nurse at the close of the shift. If relief is needed during
meals or in time of other necessities, the head nurse should be notified so that the reliever can be
provided
B. The private duty nurse is responsible for the nursing care of the patient. Nursing care encompasses
the patient’s welfare physically, mentally and spiritually. The nurse is equally responsible for
maintaining a safe, sanitary, and healthful environment for the patient, and for the care of
equipment used and other facilities provided in the room
C. The private duty nurse shall endeavor to give complete nursing care before going off-duty.
D. While the private duty nurse on house case is directly responsible to the attending physician of the
patient, a regular monthly service audit shall be given to the director of nursing service who
referred him/her for employment

ADVANTAGES
1. The chance to see life as it really is, to study
human nature and to know at close range
interesting people of different nationalities,
cultures, religions, and status
2. The opportunity to make real friends through
close association with the patient and his family
3. The chance to travel and see the world
4. The ability to own time, adjust work and private
life satisfactorily, and direct off-duty time into
enjoyable leisure
5. The chance to keep abreast with new knowledge
and procedure which provide an exciting,
stimulating experience, with infinite variety of
problems to solve and personal satisfaction to
be gleaned; and
6. The challenge of giving his/her best in providing
care and having the satisfaction of seeing its
result
DISADVANTAGES
1. Some private duty nurses create situation in
which the patients become totally dependent on
them
2. Many private duty nurses graduated so long ago
and have not upgraded their knowledge and
skills
3. There are not enough nurses for evening and
night shifts, for holiday, weekend, and vacations
periods
4. Being a lone practitioner minimizes opportunity
for developing good relationships with other
hospital personnel
5. Some private duty nurses resent supervision by
hospital staff
6. Little assistance is given by the head nurse when
patient is critically ill and the private duty nurse
needs help in giving treatment or in changing
position of the patient. The private duty nurse
sometimes goes without meals because the head
nurse does not arrange relief when the patient
cannot be left alone
7. Private duty nurses have a very little or no
participation in professional activities. If they
ever do, they do so on their own time and
expense
8. Nurses who are very experienced and well-
qualified receive the fees as the new graduate
9. Private duty nurses face problems in private

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 practice being independent contractors and
there is greater need for liability insurance
10. There are no retirement, insurance and medicare
benefits unless the private duty urse provide
these for themselves

4. INDUSTRIAL OR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING

 They often work alone, and must possess maturity, experience and wise judgment
 Is a specialty practice that provides and delivers health care services to workers
 Practice focuses on promotion, protection, and supervision of workers’ health within the context of
safe and healthy work environment
 Is autonomous and make an independent nursing judgment in providing health services
 Nurses need to be fully informed about their legal responsibilities; the first consideration is the
patient’s welfare
 Must make use of whatever first aid and nursing measures they judge necessary bearing in mind
their limitations
 Emergency or more extreme measures may be used during life and death situations.
 Actions will be judges against the yardstick of reasonable, reasonable prudent nursing practice
 Must know company policies on personnel, insurance benefits, sick leave, pay rates, health
programs, medical matters and records
 They may find themselves custodians of employees’ health record, counselors and advisers of the
workers, interpreters of company policies, health and safety teachers as well as first aiders to the
injured
 Have to bargain individually for their salaries. It has hurt salaries in industrial nursing to an extent
and pay is probably less than in hospital work but there are compensations
 They work only during day hours and off duty during weekend most of the time. Exceptions are in
large plants which may require overtime work. Usually seniority wage increases, pensions and
insurances

5. NURSING EDUCATION
PERSONAL QUALITIES AND SPECIAL ABILITIES OF FACULTY MEMBERS:
1. Capability to promote interest in the subject they teach; stimulate the minds of the students, arouse
enthusiasm, quicken imagination, and awaken ambition
2. Competence in the particular field they teach
3. Resourcefulness with infinite patience, understanding, confidence and perseverance. They must be able
to inspire students to develop their fullest potential; and
4. Expertise in providing nursing care in the chosen field aside from the qualities of good role models

6. MILITARY NURSING
FUNCTIONS OF THE NURSE CORPS, AFP
A. To meet the nursing needs of today’s patient in AFP medical facilities;
B. To prepare each Nurse Corps Officer (regular and reserve) for future assignment at a higher level of
responsibility in the different stations and general hospital in times of peace and war;
(Professional Nursing in the Philippines 10th edition by Venzon and Venzon)
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 C. To teach and train enlisted personnel who perform nursing functions under supervision. Special
emphasis is on enlisted members who function in settings where there are no nurses

CRITERION I- QUALIFICATION FOR COMMISSION IN THE RESERVE FORCE NURSE CORPS

a. BSN graduate from a duly recognized university/college

b. Licensed practice nurse
c. A natural born Filipino citizen
d. Single/married. Female must not positively be found to have given birth to a living or still born child
e. Mentally and physically fit for military service and cleared by appropriate security agencies
f. Have a pleasing personality and a good moral character
g. Skillful in:
1. Applying the nursing process in meeting health/ nursing needs of
individuals/families/groups/communities
2. Communicating and relating to others
3. Making sound/rational judgment in a given situation
h. Interested and willing to work in both peaceful and wartime conditions
i. Not more than 32 years of age at the time of commission
j. Satisfy the following height requirements
1. Minimum of 62 inches for males
2. Minimum 60 inches for female

QUALIFICATION FOR COMMISSION IN THE REGULAR FORCE NURSE CORPS

*in addition to the requirements for commission in the reserved force

 Successfully passed the rigid screening and battery test for the purpose
 Satisfy the height requirements
a. Minimum of 64 inches for males
b. Minimum 62 inches for female
 Not be more than 26 years of age at the time of regular commission

QUALIFICATION FOR CALL TO ACTIVE DUTY (CAD)

1. Must be commissioned
2. Must have at least one year nursing experienced in a reputable health agency
3. Cleared by appropriate security agency
4. Passed the physical and mental examination conducted by the appropriate authorities

QUALIFICATION FOR GENERAL DUTY NURSE

1. Must have the rank of second lieutenant

2. Adequate knowledge about biological, social, and medical sciences and their application
3. Knowledge of new developments in the nursing field
4. Demonstrate ability to perform comprehensive nursing care

PRIVILEGES AND BENEFITS OF A MILITARY NURSE

a. High salary rate and allowances according to rank

 As second lieutenant they will initially receive the same base fare as officers of equivalent rank,
incentive pay, subsistence allowance, quarters allowance, clothing allowance and other applicable
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  Flight pay for flight nurses which is 50% of base pay
 Hazard pay (radiation hazard pay) which is 20% of base pay
 Cold weather clothing allowance for those assigned in cold regions like PMA in Baguio or areas
abroad
 Overseas pay when detailed to foreign countries on schooling or on mission
b. Glamour and prestige of the uniform rank and position. All junior officers and enlisted personnel will salute
and accord them due military courtesy
c. Hospitalization and free medical benefits for parents, dependents, authorized relatives with specialists care
d. Military schooling and basic training at the Armed Forces Medical Service School at the V. Luna Medical
center
e. Opportunity to meet people who hold key positions in the AFP and in the government
f. Opportunity to travel abroad

7. SCHOOL NURSING
SOME RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SCHOOL NURSE
a. Organizing and implementing the school health program
b. Coordinating school health programs
c. Undertaking functions directly related to pupil’s health
d. Evaluating school health program
e. Carrying out functions related to health of school personnel

ADVANTAGES
 Affords one the opportunity to watch children
from grade to grade in school health
 Hours are really good and no shift duties
 Responsible for school’s activities in the areas of
health service, health education and
environmental health and safety
DISADVANTAGES
 Not updated on the current issues in nursing
making them unaware of changes in the nursing
practice
 Should enjoy working with children and should
be able to work through and with others to
achieve their objectives
 Should accept educational functions of the
school and be committed to the promotion of
health through education
 Often work alone, out of touch with other nurses
the hospital and all professional supports they
have known
 Accept the educational functions of the school
and be committed to the promotion of health
through education

8. CLINIC NURSING
Job Description:
 Acts as receptionist, answers phone, does the billing, take x-rays and ECG’s, changes dressings, gives
injections and assist in physical examination
 Does autoclaving of instruments
 Keeps records, order and store supplies
 Make follow up calls and referrals for patient
 Must have excellent teaching and communication skill
 Exhibits organizational and leadership ability

(Professional Nursing in the Philippines 10th edition by Venzon and Venzon)

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  Possess good assessment skills
 Good insight in order to anticipate and interpret needs of their patients

ADVANTAGES:

a. Favorable working hours

b. Satisfaction of working with people they know and like and who know and like them in return
c. Efficient clinic nurses are trusted in their judgment and share in planning the care of the patient
d. Written contract setting forth the professional and personal arrangements between the nurse and
the employer can be mutually beneficial

*ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING- an umbrella term for nurses who have specialized education and
experience beyond the basic nursing practice
- It requires the knowledge skills and supervised skills obtained through
graduate study in nursing
- Field covers the roles of the clinical nurse specialist
- Also known as nurse specialist, nurse clinician or clinical specialist
- An expert practitioner within a specialized field of nursing
- may concentrate on cancer, rehabilitation, care of patients with ostomies, neurological conditions,
psychiatry and many other subspecialties
- participate in a range of sub roles including direct patient care, research, teaching, consultation, and
management

9. INDEPENDENT NURSING PRACTICE

o “Independent” means the nurse is self-employed and provides professional nursing services to
clients/patients and their families.
o Independent nursing practitioners set up their clinics near a hospital, most of them are community-
based.
o Nurses reach out and offer their services rather than expect client to seek their help
o Perform both independent and collaborative role
o Scope of nursing includes: health care assessment, formulating plans for health maintenance,
prevention strategies, continuation of supportive activities in critical and complex health problems
o Make referrals and collaborate with physicians and other disciplines as needed by the client or
family
o Accountable for their decision

PREDICTED OUTCOMES OF THE NEW ROLES OF NURSES AS INDEPENDENT NURSE PRACTITIONERS

 It will encourage professional nurses to extend their capabilities and assume greater responsibilities for
designated areas of generalized nursing practice
 The amount of health care will be increased and accessible to people
 The nurse’s involvement in the client’s family or community will increase the nurse’s sensitivity and response
to their clients’ needs
 Improvement of health services will help prevent serious illnesses and maintain positive community health
programs
 It will provide data for nursing education, to validate and legitimize extended role practices for nurses

(Professional Nursing in the Philippines 10th edition by Venzon and Venzon)

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