Chapter 5 - 1 PDF

BUM1113 Technical Mathematics
Chapter 5:Graphs of The Trigonometric Functions
Laila Amera Aziz
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
November 11, 2016
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 5:Graphs of TheNovember
Trigonometric
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Functions 1 / 19
Chapter Overview
1 5.1 Trigonometric Functions:periods
2 5.2 Graphs of sine and cosine
Trigonometric
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Functions 2 / 19
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

Calculate values of trigonometric functions and apply periodicity of
sine and cosine.
Identify period and amplitude of sine and cosine function
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5.1 Trigonometric Functions:periods
Theorem
Phythagorean Identities
sin 2 t + cos 2 t = 1
tan 2 t + 1 = sec 2 t
cot 2 t + 1 = csc 2 t
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Example
5 3π
1 If sec t = − and π < t < , compute cos t and tan t.
3 2
u
2 In the expression √ , make the substitution u = sec θ and
u2 − 1
show that the resulting expression is equal to u = csc θ.
csc t + csc t cot 2 t

3 Simplify the expression .
sec 2 t − tan 2 t
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Exercise I
1 Use the Pythagorean identities to simplify the given expressions.
sin 2 t + cos 2 t sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ

(a) (c)
tan 2 t + 1 1 + cot 2 θ
sec 2 t − 1 cos 4 θ − cot 4 θ

(b) (d)
tan 2 t cos 2 θ + cot 2 θ
2 Prove that the equations are identities.
1 − cot 2 t
(a) sin 2 t − cos 2 t =
1 + cot 2 t
1 + tan s sec 2 s + 2 tan s

(b) =
1 − tan s 2 − sec 2 s
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Exercise II
sec s + cot s csc s

(c) = csc 2 s sec 2 s
cos s
cot θ tan θ
(d) cot θ + tan θ + 1 = +
1 − tan θ 1 − cot θ
13 3π
3 If sec t = and < t < 2π, use the identities to evaluate
5 2
2sin t − 3cos t
4sin t − 9cos t
.
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Even-Odd Properties
Theorem
The Opposite Angle Identities
cos(−t) = cos(t)
sin(−t) = −sin(t)
tan(−t) = −tan(t)
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Example
2
1 If sin t = , find sin(−t).
3
1
2 If cos α = , find cos(−α).
5
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Periodicity of Sine and Cosine
sin (t + 2πk ) = sin t

cos (t + 2πk ) = cos t
where k is an integer
Example
Evaluate each expression.
(a) cos (π + 2π)
π
(b) sin − 6π
2
9π
(c) sin )
4
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 5:Graphs of The
November
Trigonometric
11, 2016
Functions10 / 19
Exercise I
1 If sin φ = 0.47, find sin(−φ).
2 If cos s = 0.56, find cos(−s).
3 3π
3 If sin(−s) = and π < s < , compute:
5 2
(a) sin s (c) cos s
(b) cos(−s) (d) tan s + tan(−s)
4 Use the periodicity of sine and cosine to find

π
(a) sin − 2π 17π
(c) cos
3 4
2π
(b) cos 2π − (d) sin(400◦ )
3
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5.2 Graphs of sine and cosine
Definition
Periodic Function
A function f is said to be periodic if there is a positive number P such
that f (t + P) = f (t) for all t in the domain. The smallest number P for
which this occurs is called the period of P.
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Example of periodic functions
f (t) = f (t + 1)
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f (t) = f (t + 6)
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Definition
Amplitude
Let f be a periodic function and let m and M denote, respectively, the
minimum and maximum values of the function. Then the amplitude of f
is the number
M −m
2
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Graph of Sine
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Characteristics of f (t) = sin(t)
Domain: Range: Period:

(−∞, ∞) [−1, 1] 2π
Symmetry : Odd Maximum value : 1 Minimum value : -1
Increasing : Decreasing : Zeroes :
π 3π
π 3π

0, ∪ , 2π , t = kπ
2 2 2 2
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Graph of Cosine
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Characteristics of f (t) = cos(t)
Domain: Range: Period:

(−∞, ∞) [−1, 1] 2π
Symmetry : Even Maximum value : 1 Minimum value : -1
Increasing : Decreasing : Zeroes :
π
(π, 2π) (0, π) t = + πk
2
November
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Functions19 / 19

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BUM1113 Technical Mathematics

Chapter 5:Graphs of The Trigonometric Functions

Laila Amera Aziz

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

November 11, 2016

1 5.1 Trigonometric Functions:periods

2 5.2 Graphs of sine and cosine

By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

Identify period and amplitude of sine and cosine function

csc t + csc t cot 2 t

1 Use the Pythagorean identities to simplify the given expressions.

sin 2 t + cos 2 t sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ

sec 2 t − 1 cos 4 θ − cot 4 θ

1 + tan s sec 2 s + 2 tan s

sec s + cot s csc s

sin (t + 2πk ) = sin t

1 If sin φ = 0.47, find sin(−φ).

2 If cos s = 0.56, find cos(−s).

(b) cos(−s) (d) tan s + tan(−s)

4 Use the periodicity of sine and cosine to find

Domain: Range: Period:

Domain: Range: Period:

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