LESSON

1.1 Sequence
Is a function whose domain is a set of consecutive integers (list
of ordered numbers separated commas).

Example 1
Sequence 1 Sequence 2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5… 2, 4, 6, 8, 10…

A sequence can be finite and infinite.

The sequence continues The sequence has a last

without stopping term or final term.

General Rule: An=2n

Reminder:
Where “n” is term # “an” is the Odd: 2n+1
nth term. Function Notation. Even: 2
F(n)=2n

Example: Example:
Write the 6 term of an=5-n for the nth term.

Sol’n: Sol’n:
2/5 , 2/25 , 2/125 , 2/625
A1=5-1= 4 Or
A2=5-2= 3 2/5¹ , 2/5² , 2/5³, 2/5
A3=5-3= 2
A4=5-4= 1
an= 2/5
A5=5-5= 0
A6=5-6= 1

4,3,2,1,0,1 sequence

PAGE 1
LESSON
1.1 Finite Series
The sum of the terms of a finite sequence.

A1, a2, a3,…,an

is counted finite series and is denoted by
Sn=a1+a2+a3+…an

To find S5, where An=23-4n

S5=a1+a2+a3+a3+a3+a4+a5
=[23-4(1)]+ [23-4(2)]+ [23-4(3)]+ [23-4(4)]+ [23-4(5)]
=19+15+11+7+3
S5=55

The Greek letter ∑ (sigma) is used to indicate a sum. To illustrate the use of
the notation, consider the following example:
𝑎
∑∑𝑎𝑖=1 =a1+a2+a3+…+an
𝑎𝑖=a1+a2+a3+…+an
𝑖=1𝑎𝑖

In the above example, i is called the index of the summation, a is the upper
front of the summation and 1 is the lower limit.

Example:
The sum of the first five terms of the sequences an=n²+1 can be 2ritten as
∑5𝑛−1(𝑛2 + 1) =(1²+1)+(2²+1)+(3³+1)+(4¹+1)+(5¹+)
=2+5+10+17+26
=60

Another ex.
∑6𝑛=2(2𝑛 + 3)=[2(2)+3]+ [2(3)+3]+ [2(4)+3]+ [2(5)+3]+ [2(6)+3]
=7+9+11+13+15
=55

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LESSON
1.2 Arithmetic Sequence
A sequence which consecutive terms have a common difference is
an “arithmetic sequence”

The sequence a1+a2+a3,…,an, is arithmetic if there is a number d such

that:
a2-a1=d, a3-a2=d
a³-a3=d
and soon. The number “d” is the common difference in the arithmetic
sequence.

Rule: Formula for the nth term of an Arithmetic Sequence.

An=a1+(n-1)d

Examples:
Write a formula for the nth of the given arithmetic sequence.

b.)9,1,-7,-15,-23…
d=1-9=-8 and a1=9
the nth term is:
an=a1+(n-1)d
=9+(n-1)(-8)
=9-8n+8
an=17-8n

check a few terms:

a1=17-8(1)=9
a2=17-8(2)=1
a3=17-8(3)=-7

PAGE 3
LESSON
1.3 Geometric Sequence:
A sequence in which each term is obtained by multiplying the
preceding term by a fixed number ia called a geometric sequence or
a geometric progression.

Rule: Formula for the nth term of a Geometric Sequence.

The nth term, or an of the geometric sequence with first term a1 and
common ratio r is given by the formula:

an=an-1 r
or
an=a1 r

Example:
Write the first four terms of the geometric sequence which
nth term is given by an=4(-5)

Solution:
a1=4(-5)¹¯¹ a2=4(-5)²¯¹ a3=4(-5)³¯¹ a4=4(-5)¹¯¹
=4(-5) =4(-5)¹ =4(-5)² =4(-5)³
=4(1) =4(-5) =4(25) =4(-125)
=4 =20 =100 =-500

PAGE 4
LESSON
1.3 Geometric Series
The sum of a geometric sequence is called a geometric series.

Rule:
Sum of the First n terms of a geometric Sequence
The sum of a finite geometric sequence is calculated by the formula.
𝑎1(1 − 𝑟 )
𝑠𝑛 =
1−𝑟

Where a1, is the first term, r is the common ratio, and n is the number of n
terms.

Example:
a. first 12 terms of the
geometric sequence 3,-
9,27,-81,243,…
Solution:
Given: a1=3 and
R=-9÷3=-3

𝑎1(1 − 𝑟 )
𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟
3[(1 − (3)¹²
𝑆12 =
1 − (−3)
3(1 − 531 441)
𝑆12 =
1+3
3(−531 440)
𝑆12 =
4
=-398 580

PAGE 5
LESSON
1.4 Harmonic Sequence
If a1, a2, a3,…,an are terms of an arithmetic sequence, then the
1 1 1 1
sequence of reciprocals of these terms, , , , … , , is called a harmonic
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛
sequence.

Formula:
an=a1+(n-1)d

Examples:

Find: a.) the seventh term of Find:b.) the fifth term of

11
the harmonic sequence , , harmonic
26 1 1 1 1
1
,… sequence , , , ,…
10, 14 18 22
10
Solution: Solution:
1/2, 1/6 1/10, 1/14
d=4, a=2 d= 4, a=10
an=a1+(n-1)d an=a1+(n-1)d
a7=2+(7-1)4 a5=10+(5-1)4
=2+24 =10+20-³
a7=26 =30-4
a7=1/26 a5=26
a5=1/26

PAGE 6
LESSON
1.4 Harmonic Mean
If a and b two positive numbers, then the harmonic mean of a and b
is given by:

2𝑎𝑏
𝐻=
𝑎+𝑏

The harmonic mean of three numbers, m, n, and p is given by:

3 3𝑚𝑛𝑝
𝐻= 𝐻=
1 1 1
+ + 𝑛𝑝 + 𝑚𝑝 + 𝑚𝑛
𝑚 𝑛 𝑝

Examples:

a.) 24 and 12
Solution: B.) 3, 4, and 5
a.) If a=24 and b=12, then Solution:
2(24)(12) 3(3)(4)(5)
𝐻= 𝐻=
24 + 12 4(5) + 3(5) + 3(4)
2(288)
= =
180
26 20+15+12
576 180
= 𝐻=
47
36
H= 16

PAGE 7
LESSON
1.4 Fibonacci Sequence
The terms of the Fibonacci sequence can be described by a mathematical
relation known as a recurrence relation.
Definition: General Terms of an Fibonacci-Type Sequence
A Fibonacci-Type sequence is a sequence in which the general
term is given by the formula:

F=Fn-1+Fn-2, n>2

Where F1 and F2 are given. The Fibonacci sequence corresponds to F1=F2=1.

Examples:
a.) If F1 and F2 represent any first numbers, list the first 10 terms of this
Fibonacci-type sequence.
b.) Given: F16=987 and F17=1 597. What is the value of F18?

a.)F1 and F2 are given.

Solution:
F3=F1+F2
F4=F3+F2=(F1+F2)+F2=F1+2F2
F5=F4+F3=(F1+2F2)+(F1+F2)=2F1+3F2
F6=F5+F³=(2F1+3F2)+(F1+2F2)=3F1+5F2
F7=F6+F5=(3F1+5F2)+(2F1+3F2)=5F1+8F2
F8=F7+F6=(5F1+8F2)+(3F1+5F2)=8F1+13F2
F9=F8+F7=(8F1+13F2)+(5F1+8F2)=13F1+21F2
F10=F9+F8=(13F1+21F2)+(8F1+13F2)=21F1+34F2

Solution:
b.) F18=F18-1+F18-2
F18=F17+F16
=1 597+987
=2 584

PAGE 8
LESSON
1.5
Binomial Expansion
Rule:
The Binomial Theorem
If n is a positive integer, then

(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑛 = 1𝑥¹𝑦° + 𝑛 • 𝑥 1 ¯¹

Example:
Use the Binomial Theorem to write each in expanded form.
(x+y)

Solution:
7 7.6 7.6.5 7.6.5.4 7.6.5.4.3
(x+y)¹=x¹+ x y+ x y²+ x y³+ x³y +
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4.5
7.6.5.4.3.2 7.6.5.4.3.2.1
x²y + xy + y
1.2.3.4.5.6 1.2.3.4.5.6.7
= x +7x y+21x y²+35x y³+35x³y +21x²y +7xy +y

Definition:
n!(n factorial)
If n is a positive integer, n! (read as “n factorial”) is defined to be the
product of all positive integers from 1 through n.

b.) Evaluate Each.

Solution:
9! 9∙8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
=
4! 3! 5∙4∙3∙2∙1
= 3 024

PAGE 9
Chapter 1
PATTERNS AND ALGEBRA
LESSON
1.1 Sequence and Series
1.2 Arithmetic Sequence and Arithmetic Series
1.3 Geometric Sequence and Geometric Series
1.4 Harmonic Sequence and Other Sequence
1.5 Binomial Expansion

Chapter 2
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
LESSON
2.1 Polynomial Function and Application
2.2 Synthetic Division
2.3 The Remainder Theorem
2.4 The factor Theorem
2.5 Finding Rational Zeros
2.6 Descartes’s Rule of Sign

Chapter 3
CIRCLES
LESSON
3.1 Central Angles
3.2 Inscribed Angles
3.3 Tangents
3.4 Chords and Arcs
3.5 Angles Formed by Secants and Tangents
3.6 Power Theorem
3.7 Area and Circumference of a Circle
Chapter 4
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
LESSON
4.1 The Distance Formula
4.2 The Midpoint Formula
4.3 Placing Figures in the Coordinate Plane
4.4 Coordinates in Proofs
4.5 Equation of a Circle

Chapter 4
STATISTIC AND PROBABILITY
LESSON
5.1 Quartiles, Percentiles, Deciles