Drafting Practice 251

FIGURE 10.4 Valves and P & ID VALVE AND PIPING SYMBOLS

instruments for P&IDs. This
BUTTERFLY VALVE SAFETY OR RELIEF VALVE
will form part of the P&ID
legend. GATE VALVE SAFETY OR RELIEF VALVE
PRESSURE & VACUUM
BALL VALVE
VACUUM RELIEF VALVE
GLOBE VALVE
ONE WAY HOSE COUPLING
CHECK VALVE PLUG SOCKET
(ARROW INDICATES FLOW) TWO WAY HOSE COUPLING
ANGLE VALVE
PIPING TIE-IN POINT
PINCH VALVE
NON RETURN VALVE PIPING SPECIALTY ITEM

NEEDLE VALVE
CLAMPED CONNECTION
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
FLEXIBLE HOSE
CIRCUIT BALANCING VALVE
HOSE CONNECTION
3-WAY VALVE
DRAIN
PLUG VALVE
EQUIPMENT VENDOR
DIAPHRAGM PINCH VALVE SUPPLIED ITEM
SLIDE VALVE FILTER
SPRING RETURN VALVE EDUCTOR
FLUSH BOTTOM TANK VALVE STRAINER (T-TYPE)
STRAINER (BASKET TYPE)
FOUR-WAY VALVE
STRAINER (Y TYPE)
“Y” STRAINER W/VALVE CONICAL STARTUP STRAINER

UNION FLAME ARRESTOR/VENT FILTER

CONCENTRIC REDUCER IN-LINE FLAME ARRESTOR

ECCENTRIC REDUCER (F.O.B.)
DUAL BASKET STRAINER
ECCENTRIC REDUCER (F.O.T.)
FLOW DIRECTION RUPTURE DISC

TRAP (STEAM OR AIR) SPRAY NOZZLE

BACKFLOW PREVENTER
LINE BLIND
EXPANSION JOINT (SHOWN OPEN)
BLIND FLANGE
DIAPHRAGM SEAL SPECTACLE BLIND
COMPRESSED AIR SERVICE DROP (SHOWN OPEN)
(2 VALVES & DISCONNECT)
HAMMER BLIND
SPECTACLE BLIND
PIPE CAP
TAG
INDICATOR & THERMOWELL
SLOPE

FIGURE 10.5 A gate valve

showing the handwheel
orientation.
252 Chapter 10

FIGURE 10.6 Normally

closed valves are
represented with the valve
outline shaded.

FIGURE 10.7 Control valve

operators.

DISCRETE INSTRUMENTS MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTER FUNCTION

PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY

ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR TEMPERATURE INDICATOR ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR

PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY

INACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR INACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR
TEMPERATURE ELEMENT WITH WELL
(ELEMENT NOT CONNECTED TO
SECONDARY INSTRUMENT)
FIELD MOUNTED FIELD MOUNTED

AUXILIARY LOCATION NORMALLY AUXILIARY LOCATION NORMALLY

ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR FILLED SYSTEM TYPE TEMPERATURE ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR
INDICATOR WITH WELL

SHARED DISPLAY - SHARED CONTROL PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL

TEMPERATURE ELEMENT WITHOUT
WELL (ELEMENT NOT CONNECTED
PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY TO SECONDARY INSTRUMENT) PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY
ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR

PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY PRIMARY LOCATION NORMALLY

INACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR SURFACE MOUNTED INACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR
TEMPERATURE SENSOR

FIELD MOUNTED FIELD MOUNTED

ORIFICE PLATE WITH FLANGES

AUXILIARY LOCATION NORMALLY AND TRANSMITTER AUXILIARY LOCATION NORMALLY
ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR ACCESSIBLE TO OPERATOR

FIGURE 10.8 Instrumentation symbols.

 Drafting Practice 253

TABLE 10.3 Instrument identifications.

FIGURE 10.9 Process

symbology. The symbols are
often omitted on less
complex projects.
254 Chapter 10

FIGURE 10.10 Linework

used to depict process and
control schemes.

FIGURE 10.11 Typical pipeline identification callout.

TABLE 10.4 Fluid service designations.

 Drafting Practice 255

FIGURE 10.12 General

symbols.

Welding Symbols
Welding has evolved into a highly technical science, and information is conveyed to the
welder via the standard symbols shown in Figures 10.13 and 10.14. Note that the
reference line and the arrow are the only required elements of the symbol. The arrow
may be placed on the left or right hand side of the reference line, but the other elements,
when used, must be placed in the locations specified.
The welding symbols are intended as a convenient “short-hand” method of
conveying a lot of information in a little space. Welding information can also be indicated
via notes, details, specifications, and so on.

Drafting Practices for Piping

Piping Plans and Elevations
The most common piping drawing is the plan view, which shows an overhead layout
of the piping and its relationship to the surrounding structure and equipment. A good
scale for piping plans is 1/4”  1’-0”, but other scales are useful. For projects other than
cross-country piping, scales smaller than 1/8”  1’-0” are to be avoided. Too much
detail is lost at these small scales and elevations and details must be relied on to fill in
the missing information.