A Century of Language Teaching

Teacher-centered

18th Western world FLL = 1 The 2 method memorization

Asian countries= focus on 3 translation of texts

Late 18th Francois Gouin----overshadowed by 4 ----Direct Method

The 5 Method (language is a means of thinking and of representing reality directly without

translation, no grammar rules)

19th The Grammar Translation Method (for the sake of being scholarly and gaining 6 proficiency)

1887 The Direct Method (learned as the 7 , spontaneous use of 8 )

Half of the 20th 9 (tenets of the DM)- Revolution / US Military Sponsored Program/WW II oral proficiency

1950 AL M used widely ( MIM-MEM)

1950 The Designer Methods Era

10 Carl Rogers Counseling Learning

Person-centered, focus on 11

Social dynamics of the classroom, counselors

1972 The 12 Way Gattegno

More cognitive than 13

Humanistic approach—problem/solving

14 learning (Ausubel)

1972 Communicative Language Teaching Hymes (1972) ( 15 competence)

Grammatical knowledge

Canale/Swain Communicative competence 16 knowledge

Sociolinguistic knowledge

17 knowledge

1977 Total 18 Response/the Natural Approach (comprehension-based) Asher

19 theory Memory increased if stimulated/traced through

Association with motor activity

1979 20 Lozanov

Right conditions for learning (a state of 21 , giving over of control of the teacher)