PROCESS

 OF  SCIENTIFIC  INVESTIGATION     3.Eliciting  prompt  feedback  both  negative  and  

1. Formulating  research  question       positive        
•A  specific  research  problem  has  to  be  addressed    
by  going  specific  situation.           FORMULATING  RESEARCH  QUESTIONS    
•Background  of  the  study  –  presents  the  specific   •A  research  problem  may  arise  from  occurrence  
problems  requiring  solution.  May  involve   requiring  thorough  and  conscientious  effort  
hypothetical  situations  but  is  incomplete   prior  to  resolution  
information.   •Must  have:    
•Scope  and  Limitation  –  researcher  must  be   1.novelty    
aware  of  the  limitation  and  scope  undertaking   2.  Significant  impact  
before  performing  any  research.                       3.Innovative  
2. Review  of  Related  Literature     4.Relevant  
•Refers  to  the  studies,  inquires,  investigation,   •This  leads  to  developing  a  hypothesis,  which  
and  research  work  undertaken  by  other  research   could  put  to  test                
in  line  with  the  field  of  study  that  your  research   Example:  •Topic:  Climate  CHANGE  
problem  may  be  classified  into.   •Research  Question:  
•Source  may  be:   “  how  does  climate  change  affect  agricultural  
1.Journal  articles   productivity?”    
2.Books         •Revised  Question:  
3.Reprints   “do  different  rice  varieties  exhibit  increases  
4.Newspaper   vulnerably  and  poor  adaptation  with  increases  
5.Website  and  others               frequency  and  magnitude  of  drought  and  floods?”      
3.  Formulate  hypothesis     •Research  questions  helps  you  identify  variables  
•A  hypothesis  could  be  a  possible  solution  to  the   that  will  contribute  in  testing  hypothesis  
research  problem   •Revised  research  questions  also  enable  you  to  
•Must  undergo  series  of  investigation  all  types  of   make  stand  and  are  arguable        
scrutiny  to  verify  whether  it  is  a  fact  or  a  fallacy.   •These  variables  may  determine  and  controlled  
•This  done  by  data  gathering  activities  such  as:   during  experimentation  stage    
1.Experimentation     •Repeated  experimentation  can  verify  results.                
2.Survey    
3.Interview   IMPORTANCE  OF  CITATIONS    
4.Other  modes  of  collecting  data       •Inclusion  of  citations  generally  strengthens  
4.Processing  of  data     your  hypothesis  in  a  research  proposal  
•Raw  data  should  be  process  to  extract  any   •Citations  provide  support  with  regard  to  the  
patterns  or  trends   level  of  expertise  and  the  nature  of  work  of  a  
•It  entails  the  use  of  statistical  treatment  such  as   researcher  in  their  specific  field  of  study.  
T-­‐test  or  F-­‐test  used  for  the  hypothesis.   •Citation  helps  to  take  track  with  how  much  a  
Processed  data-­‐  solid  evidence  that  could  be   researcher  has  done  in  contributing  to  the  body  
used  to  draw  conclusion   of  knowledge.  
•Presents  more  profound  and  solid  basis  for   •This  reflect  as  that  the  members  of  the  scientific  
explaining  results  than  your  biases     community  have  recognized  that  certain  
5.  Communicating  the  results   research  problem                        
•Any  inquiry  not  communicated  to  the  public  is   •Adhering  to  specific  ethical  standards  is  the  
useless   primordial  duty  of  researchers.  
•Research  must  be  conveyed  with  the  purpose:   •Researcher  should  pertain  to  one’s  sense  of  
1.Acknowledgement  of  support  from  funding   fairness,  transparency,  and  consistency  in  regard  
institutions   to  their  line  of  work  
2.Documented  contribution  to  knowledge  and   •Research  requires  dedication,  passion,  and  hard  
development  in  a  given  field  of  the  study   work  as  well  as  respect  for  other  individual  
 
SOURCE  OF  INFORMATION  IN  THIS  DIGITAL  
AGE    
“The  best  way  to  have  a  good  idea  is  to  have  a  
lots  of  ideas”            -­‐Linus  Pauling  
• BASIC  FUNCTION  OF  LITERARY  SEARCH  
a. establishing  what  knowledge  is  available  in  
the  field.    
b. to  create  novel  facts  
ARGUMENT-­‐is  necessary  in  strengthening  the  
research  proposal.  
DISCOVERY  -­‐deals  with  realizing  the  concept  
already  found  by  other  researchers  in  the  field.    
*involves  searching  for  information  and  
synthesizing  
ADVOCACY-­‐focuses  on  understanding  the  
limitations  of  past  studies.  
*Express  the  vies  and  concern  of  the  people  
RESPONSIBILITIS  OF  RESEARCH  IN  A  LITERARY  
SEARCH  REVIEW    
a. digging  deeper  in  to  the  extent  of  
knowledge  that  was  reported.    
b. checking  the  accuracy  of  that  knowledge  
disseminated  to  the  public.  
c. linking  it  to  your  proposal  study