HSM 2010

Metz, December 8-10, 2010

Modelling of high strain rate behaviour of

metals accounting for micro-shear banding

Ryszard B. PĘCHERSKI
Institute of Fundamental Technological Research
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
 Outline
1. Shear banding:
- one of the mechanisms of plastic flow in metallic
materials (also in the case of HSM processes, e.g.:
A. Molinari, C. Musquar and G. Sutter, [2002], P. Chevrier et al.)
- the dominant mechanism of plastic deformation of
ufg, nano-metals and glassy metals.
2. Constitutive relations.
3. Identification of the viscoplasticity model for
ufg and nano-crystalline Fe.
4. Effects of strength differential and Lode angle
5. Concluding remarks.
 Observations of shear banding - ufg Fe
quasistatic high-strain rate deformations
d = d980
= 980 nm
nm dd ==268
268nm nm d = 268 nm

crystallographic slip shear banding

Change in deformation mode of ultrafine grained consolidated iron under
uniaxial compression: (a) uniform low-rate deformation with d = 980 nm; (b)
non-uniform low-rate deformation with d = 268 nm and (c) non-uniform high-rate
deformation with d = 268 nm (Jia, Ramesh and Ma [2003]) .
 Deformation of nano - and ufg metals
Experimental results of Jia, Ramesh and Ma, Acta Materialia, 51 (2003)

f SB - shear banding
contribution
function
Z. Nowak, P. Perzyna
R.B. Pecherski,
Archives of Metallurgy and
Materials 52, 2007 – free
pdf available on the Journal
website.

Typical stress-strain curves

obtained for the consolidated
iron under quasi-static and
high-strain-rate uni-axial
compression.
Multiscale hierarchy of shear bands in
polycrystalline metals
•Micro-shear band - long
CSB and very thin (ca. 0.1  m )
sheet-like region of
concentrated and
intensive plastic shear
Trace of crossing grain boundaries
the cluster without deviation
of MSB
•Particular MSB operates
only once and develops
fully in very short time

[Dziadoń, 1993]
(courtesy of profesor Andrzej Korbel)
 Literature

1. R.B. Pęcherski, Modelling of large plastic

deformations based on the mechanism of micro-shear
banding. Physical foundations and theoretical
description, Arch. Mech. (1992).
2. R.B. Pęcherski, Macroscopic measure of the rate of
deformation produced by micro-shear banding, Arch.
Mech. (1997).
3. R.B. Pęcherski, Macroscopic effects of micro-shear
banding in plasticity of metals, Acta Mechanica (1998)
 Multiscale hierarchy of shear bands
in polycrystalline metals
Schematic illustration
of multi-level hierarchy
of micro-shear bands:

a) polycrystalline RVE
with the increasing
zone of shear banding,

b) cluster of active
micro-shear bands,

c) a single micro-shear
band (comp. of CSB)

R.B. Pęcherski, Macroscopic measure of the rate of deformation

produced by micro-shear banding, Arch. Mech. [1997]
 Macroscopic measure of the rate of deformation
accounting for shear banding
R.B. Pęcherski, Arch. Mech. 49, (1997)
D p  D Sp  D SB
p

D Sp  rate of plastic deformation by slip

p
D SB  rate of plastic deformation by shear banding
d  D p , d SB  D SB
p
  2d  shear strain rate
d SB
f SB   instantaneous shear banding contribution
d

  S  f SB f SB 
SB
 0  f SB <1
 (1  f SB )  s
 Contribution function of shear banding
– identification with use of the channel-die test

fo
f MS  FMS ( ) 
(a  b  33 )
1 e
1. R.B. Pęcherski, „Continuum
mechanics description of
plastic flow produced by
micro-shear bands”,
Technische Mechanik 1998
2. Z. Nowak, R.B. Pęcherski,
Plastic strain in metals ...
II. Numerical identification
and verification of plastic
flow law, Arch. Mech. 2002
Account for the change of deformation path (Lode angle θ)
K. Kowalczyk – Gajewska, R.B. Pęcherski (2005)
 ( p )   p (1   cos( ))
fo
 Dp  f MS 
6 3
det   (a  b ( ))
cos( ) 
2  Dp  1 e
 
 Vs Viscoplastic flow law
V accounting for shear
banding in application for
ufg metals
(Z. Nowak, P. Perzyna, R.B.
Pecherski, Arch. Metall.
VSB Materials, 2007)
Representative
Volume Element   S  SB
traversed by shear
bands V  Vs  VSB
Inst. contr. SB V SB
of shear f SB  Volume fraction
f SB 
V

banding  of shear banding

V
Balance of plastic deformation power in RVE

assumption - no hardening

P  Ps  PSB ,
P  kV , Ps  k ss (V  VSB ), PSB  k SBSBVSB
VSB
k  k s (1  f SB )(1  fV )  k SBSB fV , f V
SB 
V
k  k s (1  f SB )(1  f SVB ) for k SB  0

k  yield strength at shear

0  f SB <1
 Viscoplastic flow law accounting for shear banding

SB
f SB - inst. shear banding
 (1  f SB )  S , 0  f SB <1, f SB  contribution function

 F σ 
S - by
shear strain rate
dislocation
 s   o  
   1 Perzyna model
 k  controlled slip

0  F σ   - excess stress


    1
(1  f SB )  k s (1  f SB )(1  f SB ) 
V function in Perzyna
1
viscoplasticity
t  2 p 2
k s  K p , ,   , p    p model [1971]
D D dt 
0
 
0 
 3 

- viscosity
F (σ) 
1
2ˆ

3(ˆ  1) m  9(ˆ  1)2  m2  4
ˆ e2  parameter
 YC
 ˆ  SDE
Y T
 Viscoplasticity model accounting μG

for SDE

1
G G
D  μ G ,
p
μG 
σ σ
G (σ )  F  σ    YT

F σ 
1
2ˆ

3(ˆ  1) m  9(ˆ  1) 2  m2  4
ˆ e2 
=
  eq
cal
Identification procedure:
if d > 300 nm ( f SB , 0 n ,02 
vp
 3 ,
0x10 s)
3 1
D  008

 D

 vp 
 A(d )  B(d )(  ) 1  n
 vp 

cal  
 
0 (d )
eq   
    
   

if d < 300 nm ( 0  f SB  1 , B  0 , a  50, f SB0  095 )

  
D

  f SB0   

2

 1 
  vp  

cal 

f     1 
exp(
 a  b( d ) ) vp  
 
1 

 eq  1  exp(a  b(d ) vp )   A (d )  1 
 SB0    




   
 




 0 (d ) 
 

 
   
   
   
 Identified parameters
Dynamic compression

Grain diameter A(d) [MPa] b (d ) B(d)[ MPa ]

d A*(d) [MPa]
80 nm 1205.0 98.28 0.0

138 nm 1120.0 94.95 0.0

268 nm 710.0 28.59 0.0

980 nm 106.78 ---- 602.25

20μm 100.28 ---- 269.41

 Dynamic
  30x10 s
vp 3 1 compression
f SB
 W. BURZYŃSKI (1900-1970)
• Study on Material Effort Hypotheses,1928 , PhD Thesis (in Pol.)
• Ueber die Anstrengungshypothesen, Schweiz. Bauzeitung,1929.
• Theoretical foundations of the hypotheses of material effort,
Engineering Transactions, 56, No. 3, 269–305, 2008
– the English translation of the paper published in Polish
in Czasopismo Techniczne, 47, 1929, 1-41, Lwów.
A new, well founded physically, energy-based criterion was proposed:
  1  Beltrami
Φf + η  σ m  Φ v = Φ cr , 0  1   0  Huber
Y Y
T C
 3 Y  YT C
 2
e  9    m  3  Y   Y   m   Y  Y  0
2 C T T C

3 0   
2 2
0
3 2   2Y Y

 m  1 trσ,  e  2
σ ' :σ '  YT   YC   Y
3 3
Huber  Mises  Hencky
Φf - density of elastic energy of distortion
condition
Φ v - density of elastic energy of volume change
 Y 3    T
Y
C
Y
Y 3    
T
Y
C
Y

 e ,  m 

3 Y 2   YT  YC
The depiction of particular cases of Burzyński yield condition in
the pressure - equivalent stress coordinates
(W. Burzyński [1928], M. Życzkowski [1999]).
 Paraboloid limit surfaces according to Burzyński criterion
(T. Frąś, Z. Kowalewski, R. B. Pęcherski, A. Rusinek
Engineering Transactions [2010])
75%Cr - 25% Al2O3 composite 6061+2Zr+20Al2O3 composite
3
Comparison of the formulations proposed by
F. Schleicher [1926] and W. Burzyński [1928]

According to F.S. μ – Poisson ratio

According to W.B.
Yield condition accounting for SDE and Lode angle
(R.B. Pęcherski, P. Szeptyński, M. Nowak [2010])
W. Burzyński [1928]
(cf. English translation in
Engineering Transactions, 2010
available on internet)
Φf - density of elastic energy of distortion
Φ v - density of elastic energy of volume change
 e
Burzynski-Torre
paraboloid
C
Y Huber-Mises-Hencky cylinder
SDE
T
Y Burzynski-Drucker-Prager cone
ellipse

C
Y
T
Y m
3 3
 YC
SDE – Strength Differential Effect k   T
Y
The Burzyński yield condition and its particular cases:
ellipsoid, paraboloid, cone and cylinder.
Examples of yield surfaces accounting to the
effect of Lode angle
Examples how to account for Lode angle

Raniecki&Mróz [2009]
Examples how to account for Lode angle

Podgórski [1984]
Our identification for INCONEL 718

Empirical relaton:

Energy-based criterion
 Concluding remarks
1. The plasticity flow law accounting for shear
banding was applied for modelling evolution of
texture and metal forming processes (K. Kowalczyk-
Gajewska, Z. Mróz, R.B. Pęcherski [2005], [2007], [2009]).
2. Viscoplasticity constitutive relations were
developed for modelling the behaviour of ufg and
nc-metals (Z. Nowak, P. Perzyna, R.B. Pęcherski [2007])
3. The effect of Lode angle was described in the
shear banding contribution in the rate of
deformation accounting for the influence of the
change of deformation path and also in the
formulation of yield criterion.
Thank you for your attention