This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang (张).

Zhang Yimou

Zhang at the 15th Busan International Film Festival

Born Zhang Yimou (张艺谋)

April 2, 1950 (age 69)

Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

Residence Beijing, China

Alma mater Beijing Film Academy

Occupation Film director, producer, cinematographer and actor

Xiao Hua (肖华) (m. 1978–1988)

Spouse(s)

Chen Ting (陈婷) (m. 2011)

Children Zhang Mo

Zhang Yinan

Zhang Yiding

Zhang Yijiao

Parent(s) Zhang Bingjun

 Zhang Xiaoyou

Family Zhang Weimou

Zhang Qimou

Awards BAFTA Best Film Not in the English Language

1991 Raise the Red Lantern

1994 To Live

Golden Bear - Berlin International Film Festival

1987 Red Sorghum

Silver Lion - Venice Film Festival

1991 Raise the Red Lantern

Golden Lion - Venice Film Festival

1992 The Story of Qiu Ju

1999 Not One Less

Grand Jury Prize - Cannes Film Festival

1994 To Live

BSFC Award for Best Director

2004 House of Flying Daggers

NSFC Award for Best Director

2004 Hero; House of Flying Daggers

Golden Rooster Awards – Best Director

1999 Not One Less

2000 The Road Home

2003 Hero

Best Actor

1988 Old Well

Chinese name

Traditional Chinese 張藝謀

Simplified Chinese 张艺谋

showTranscriptions
 Zhang Yimou

"Zhang Yimou" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters

Simplified Chinese 张艺谋

Traditional Chinese 張藝謀

showTranscriptions

Zhang Yimou ([ʈʂáŋ î.mǒu]; born 2 April 1950)[1][2] is a Chinese film director, producer, writer and actor, and former
cinematographer.[3] He is part of the Fifth Generation of Chinese filmmakers, having made his directorial debut in 1987
with Red Sorghum.[4]
Zhang has won numerous awards and recognitions, with Best Foreign Film nominations for Ju Dou in 1990, Raise the Red
Lantern in 1991, and Hero in 2003, Silver Lion and Golden Lion prizes at the Venice Film Festival, Grand Jury Prize at
the Cannes Film Festival, and the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival.[5] In 1993, he was a member of the
jury at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.[6] Zhang directed the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Beijing
Summer Olympic Games, which received considerable international acclaim.
One of Zhang's recurrent themes is the resilience of Chinese people in the face of hardship and adversity, a theme which
has been explored in such films as To Live (1994) and Not One Less (1999). His films are particularly noted for their rich use
of colour, as can be seen in some of his early films, like Raise the Red Lantern, and in his wuxia films like Hero and House
of Flying Daggers. His highest budgeted film to date is the 2016 monster film The Great Wall, set in Imperial China and
starring Matt Damon.

Contents

 1Early life
 2Early career
 3Film director
o 3.11980s
o 3.21990s
o 3.32000–present
 4Stage direction
 52008 Beijing Olympics opening and closing ceremonies
 6Investigation relating to possible violations of One Child Policy
 7Filmography
o 7.1As director
o 7.2As cinematographer
o 7.3As actor
 8See also
 9References
 10Further reading
 11External links

Early life[edit]
Zhang was born Zhang Yimou (张诒谋) in Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province. Zhang's father, Zhang Bingjun (张秉钧), a
dermatologist, had been an officer in the National Revolutionary Army under Chiang Kai-shek during the Chinese Civil War;
an uncle, and an elder brother had followed the Nationalist forces to Taiwan after their 1949 defeat. Zhang's mother, Zhang
Xiaoyou (张孝友), was a doctor at the 2nd Hospital affiliated Xi'an Jiao Tong University who graduated from Xi'an Medical
University. He has two younger brothers, Zhang Weimou (张伟谋) and Zhang Qimou (张启谋).[7] As a result, Zhang faced
difficulties in his early life.[8][9]
During the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, Zhang left his school studies and went to work, first as a farm
labourer for 3 years, and later at a cotton textile mill for 7 years in the city of Xianyang.[9][10] During this time he took up
painting and amateur still photography, selling his own blood to buy his first camera.[11] In 1978, he went to Beijing Film
Academy and majored in photography. He has an Honorary Doctorate Degree from Boston University[12] and also one
from Yale University.[13]

Early career[edit]
When the Beijing Film Academy reopened its doors to new students in 1978, following the abandonment of policies adopted
during the Cultural Revolution, Zhang, at 27, was over the regulation age for admission, and was without the prerequisite
academic qualifications.[14] After a personal appeal to the Ministry of Culture, and showing a portfolio of his personal
photographic works, the authorities relented and admitted him to the Faculty of Cinematography. Zhang graduated with the
class of 1982, which also included Chen Kaige, Tian Zhuangzhuang, and Zhang Junzhao. The class went on to form the
core of the Fifth Generation, who were a part of an artistic reemergence in China after the end of the Cultural Revolution.[1][9][15]
Zhang and his co-graduates were assigned to small regional studios, and Zhang was sent to work for the Guangxi Film
Studio as a cinematographer. Though originally intended to work as director's assistants, the graduates soon discovered
there was a dearth of directors so soon after the Cultural Revolution, and gained permission to start making their own films.
This led to the production of Zhang Junzhao's One and Eight, on which Zhang Yimou worked as director of photography,
and Chen Kaige's Yellow Earth, in 1984. These two films were successes at the Hong Kong Film Festival and helped to
bring the new Chinese cinema to the attention of worldwide audiences, signaling a departure from the earlier propagandist
films of the Cultural Revolution.[1][15] Yellow Earth is today widely considered the inaugural film of the Fifth Generation
directors.[15][16][17]
In 1985, after moving back to his home town of Xi'an, Zhang was engaged as cinematographer and lead actor for
director Wu Tianming's upcoming film Old Well, which was subsequently released in 1987. The lead role won Zhang a Best
Actor award at the Tokyo International Film Festival.[15]

Film director[edit]
1980s[edit]
1987 saw the release of Zhang's directorial debut, Red Sorghum, starring Chinese actress Gong Li in her first leading
role. Red Sorghum was met with critical acclaim, bringing Zhang to the forefront of the world's art directors, and winning him
a Golden Bear for Best Picture at the 38th Berlin International Film Festival in 1988.[18]
Codename Cougar (or The Puma Action), a minor experiment in the political thriller genre, was released in 1989,
featuring Gong Li and eminent Chinese actor Ge You. However, it garnered less-than-positive reviews at home and Zhang
himself later dismissed the film as his worst.[19]
In the same year, Zhang began work on his next project, the period drama Ju Dou. Starring Gong Li in the eponymous lead
role, along with Li Baotian as the male lead, Ju Dou, garnered as much critical acclaim as had Red Sorghum, and became
China's first film to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[20] Ju Dou highlighted the way in
which the "gaze" can have different meanings, from voyeurism to ethical appeal.
In 1989, he was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival.[21]

1990s[edit]
After the success of Ju Dou, Zhang began work on Raise the Red Lantern. Based on Su Tong's novel Wives and
Concubines, the film depicted the realities of life in a wealthy family compound during the 1920s. Gong Li was again
featured in the lead role, her fourth collaboration with Zhang as director.
Raise the Red Lantern received almost unanimous international acclaim. Film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-
Times noted its "voluptuous physical beauty" and sumptuous use of colours.[22] Gong Li's acting was also praised as starkly
contrasting with the roles she played in Zhang's earlier films. Raise the Red Lantern was nominated in the Best Foreign
Language Film category at the 1992 Academy Awards, becoming the second Chinese film to earn this distinction (after
Zhang's Ju Dou). It eventually lost out to Gabriele Salvatores's Mediterraneo.
Zhang's next directorial work, The Story of Qiu Ju, in 1992, once again starring Gong Li in the lead role. The film, which tells
the tale of a peasant woman seeking justice for her husband after he was beaten by a village official, was a hit at film
festivals and won the Golden Lion award at the 1992 Venice Film Festival.[23]
Next, Zhang directed To Live, an epic film based on the novel by Yu Hua of the same name. To Live highlighted the
resilience of the ordinary Chinese people, personified by its two main characters, amidst three generations of upheavals
throughout Chinese politics of the 20th century. It was banned in China, but released at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival and
won the Grand Jury Prize, as well as earning a Best Actor prize for Ge You.[24][25] To Live was banned in China by the
Chinese State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television, due to its critical portrayal of various policies and campaigns of
the Communist government.[26]
Shanghai Triad followed in 1995, featuring Gong Li in her seventh film under Zhang's direction. The two had developed a
romantic as well as a professional relationship, but this would end during production of Shanghai Triad.[27] Zhang and Gong
would not work together again until 2006's Curse of the Golden Flower.
1997 saw the release of Keep Cool, a black comedy film about life in modern China. Keep Cool marked only the second
time Zhang had set a film in the modern era, after The Story of Qiu Ju.
As in The Story of Qiu Ju, Zhang returned to the neorealist habit of employing non-professional actors and location shooting
for Not One Less in 1999[28][29][30] which won him his second Golden Lion prize in Venice.[31]
Shot immediately after Not One Less, Zhang's 1999 film The Road Home featured a new leading lady in the form of the
young actress Zhang Ziyi, in her film debut. The film is based on a simple throw-back narrative centering on a love story
between the narrator's parents.

2000–present[edit]

Zhang Yimou at the Hawaii International Film Festival in 2005

Happy Times, a relatively unknown film by Zhang, was based loosely on the short story Shifu: You'll Do Anything for a
Laugh, by Mo Yan. Starring popular Chinese actor Zhao Benshan and actress Dong Jie, it was an official selection for
the Berlin International Film Festival in 2002.
Zhang's next major project was the ambitious wuxia drama Hero, released in China in 2002. With an impressive lineup of
Asian stars, including Jet Li, Maggie Cheung, Tony Leung Chiu-Wai, Zhang Ziyi, and Donnie Yen, Hero told a fictional tale
about Ying Zheng, the King of the State of Qin (later to become the first Emperor of China), and his would-be assassins. The
film was released in North America in 2004, two years after its Chinese release, by American distributor Miramax Films, and
became a huge international hit. Hero was one of the few foreign-language films to debut at number 1 at the U.S. box office,
[32]
 and was one of the nominees for Best Foreign Language Film at the 2003 Academy Awards.
Zhang followed up the huge success of Hero with another martial arts epic, House of Flying Daggers, in 2004.[33] Set in
the Tang Dynasty, it starred Zhang Ziyi, Andy Lau, and Takeshi Kaneshiro as characters caught in a dangerous love
triangle. House of Flying Daggers received acclaim from critics, who noted the use of colour that harked back to some of
Zhang's earlier works.[34]
Released in China in 2005, Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles was a return to the more low-key drama that characterized
much of Zhang's middle period pieces. The film stars Japanese actor Ken Takakura, as a father who wishes to repair
relations with his alienated son, and is eventually led by circumstance to set out on a journey to China. Zhang had been an
admirer of Takakura for over thirty years.[35]
2006's Curse of the Golden Flower saw him reunited with leading actress Gong Li. Taiwanese singer Jay Chou and Hong
Kong star Chow Yun-fat also starred in the period epic based on a play by Cao Yu.[36]
Zhang's recent films, and his involvement with the 2008 Olympic ceremonies, have not been without controversy. Some
critics claim that his recent works, contrary to his earlier films, have received approval from the Chinese government.
However, in interviews, Zhang has said that he is not interested in politics, and that it was an honour for him to direct the
Olympic ceremonies because it was "a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity."[37]
In 2008, he won a Peabody Award "for creating a spell-binding, unforgettable celebration of the Olympic promise, featuring a
cast of thousands" at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.[38]
On May 24, 2010, Zhang was awarded an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree by Yale University, and was described as "a
genius with camera and choreography."[39]
Zhang's 2011 The Flowers of War was his most expensive film to date, budgeting for $90.2 million,[40] until his 2016 The
Great Wall surpassed it with a budget of $150 million.[41]
After the mixed reception and financial disappointment of The Great Wall, Zhang returned in 2018 with the critically
acclaimed Shadow,[42] which received 12 nominations at the 55th Golden Horse Awards and eventually won four, including
Best Director.[43]

Critical Reception
Reception of Zhang Yimou's films has been mixed. While some critics praise his striking aesthetics and ability to break into
the Western art market, other have attacked Zhang for pandering to Western audiences and portraying China as weak,
exotic, and vulnerable. [44]

Stage direction[edit]
Starting in the 1990s, Zhang Yimou has been directing stage productions in parallel with his film career.
In 1998, he directed an acclaimed version of Puccini's opera Turandot, firstly in Florence and then later Turandot at the
Forbidden City, Beijing, with Zubin Mehta conducting, the latter documented in the film The Turandot Project (2000).[45] He
reprised his version of Turandot in October 2009, at the Bird's Nest Stadium in Beijing, and plans to tour with the production
in Europe, Asia and Australia in 2010.
In 2001, Zhang adapted his 1991 film Raise the Red Lantern for the stage, directing a ballet version.[46]
Zhang has co-directed a number of outdoor folk musicals under the title Impression. These include Impression, Liu Sanjie,
which opened in August 2003 at the Li River, Guangxi province;[47] Impression Lijiang, in June 2006 at the foot of Jade
Dragon Snow Mountain in Lijiang, Yunnan province; Impression West Lake, in late 2007 at the West Lake in Hangzhou,
Zhejiang province; Impression Hainan in late 2009, set in Hainan Island; and Impression Dahongpao set on Mount Wuyi, in
Fujian province. All five performances were co-directed by Wang Chaoge and Fan Yue.
Zhang also led the production of Tan Dun's opera, The First Emperor, which had its world premiere at the Metropolitan
Opera on 21 December 2006.[48] In 2017 he directed an innovative ballet titled ‘’2047 Apologue’’, where the 12 minute solo
finale The Weaving Machine was choreographed by Rose Alice Larkings and including hundreds of LED lamps. Onstage as
Rose Alice danced the 12 minute solo was an elderly Chinese weaver at her loom, highlighting the old crafts and industries
which remain so important in a world of new technology.

2008 Beijing Olympics opening and closing ceremonies[edit]

Zhang Yimou was chosen to direct the Beijing portion of the closing ceremonies of the 2004 Summer
Olympics in Athens, Greece, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing,
China, alongside co-director and choreographer Zhang Jigang.[49]
Zhang was a runner-up for the Time Magazine Person of the Year award in 2008. Steven Spielberg, who withdrew as an
adviser to the Olympic ceremonies to pressure China into helping with the conflict in Darfur, described Zhang's works in the
Olympic ceremonies in Time magazine, saying "At the heart of Zhang's Olympic ceremonies was the idea that the conflict of
man foretells the desire for inner peace. This theme is one he's explored and perfected in his films, whether they are about
the lives of humble peasants or exalted royalty. This year he captured this prevalent theme of harmony and peace, which is
the spirit of the Olympic Games. In one evening of visual and emotional splendor, he educated, enlightened, and entertained
us all."[50]
Investigation relating to possible violations of One Child Policy [edit]
Associated Press reported on May 9, 2013 that Zhang was being investigated for violating China's one-child policy. AP
reported that he had allegedly fathered 7 children with 4 women, and faced large potential fines.[51]
According to the mainstream media in China, Zhang married Chen Ting,[52] who is a dancer in December 2011; she had three
children with him. However, when the news came out, Zhang had no immediate response. On November 29, 2013, under
pressure from the public and criticism on the Internet, Zhang's studio released a statement that acknowledged Chen Ting
and their three children. On January 9, 2014, the Lake District Family Planning Bureau, in accord with China's one-child
policy, said Zhang was required to pay an unplanned birth and social maintenance fee totaling RMB 7.48 million (roughly US
$1.2 million).[53][54] On February 7, 2014, it was reported that Zhang had paid the fee.[55]

Filmography[edit]
As director[edit]

Yea
English title Chinese title Notes
r

Golden Bear
1987 Red Sorghum 红高粱 Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
Language Film (Not Nominated)

1988 Codename Cougar 代号美洲豹 (co-director)

Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign

1990 Ju Dou 菊豆 Language Film (Nominated)

(co-director)

Silver Lion
1991 Raise the Red Lantern 大红灯笼高高挂 Hong Kong submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
Language Film (Nominated)
Golden Lion
1992 The Story of Qiu Ju 秋菊打官司 Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
Language Film (Not Nominated)
1994 To Live 活着 Grand Prix du Jury
摇啊摇，摇到外婆
1995 Shanghai Triad
桥
1995 Zhang Yimou Segment of the anthology, Lumière and Company
1997 Keep Cool 有话好好说
1999 Not One Less 一个都不能少 Golden Lion
1999 The Road Home 我的父亲母亲 Jury Grand Prix
2000 Happy Times 幸福时光
Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
2002 Hero 英雄
Language Film (Nominated)
Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
2004 House of Flying Daggers 十面埋伏
Language Film (Not Nominated)
Riding Alone for Thousands
2005 千里走单骑
of Miles
Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
2006 Curse of the Golden Flower 满城尽带黄金甲
Language Film (Not Nominated)
 Yea
English title Chinese title Notes
r

2007 Movie Night Segment of the anthology, To Each His Cinema

A Woman, a Gun and a
2009 三枪拍案惊奇
Noodle Shop
2010 Under the Hawthorn Tree 山楂树之恋
Chinese submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign
2011 The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗
Language Film (Not Nominated)
2014 Coming Home 归来
2016 The Great Wall[56][57] 长城
2018 Shadow[58] 影 Golden Horse (Best Director)
2019 One Second

As cinematographer[edit]

Yea
English title Chinese title Notes
r

1982 Red Elephant 红象

1983 One and Eight 一个和八个

1984 Yellow Earth 黄土地

1986 Old Well 老井

The Big
1986 大阅兵
Parade

As actor[edit]

Yea
English title Chinese title Role Notes
r

Sun Won Golden Rooster Award for Best

1986 Old Well 老井
Wangquan Actor

1987 Red Sorghum 红高粱

 Yea
English title Chinese title Role Notes
r

Fight and Love with a Terracotta

1989 古今大战秦俑情 Tian Fong
Warrior

1997 Keep Cool 有话好好说 Junk Peddler

2001 The Grand Mansion Gate 大宅门 Li Lianying

See also[edit]

 China portal

 Biography portal

 Film portal

 Yimou girl
 Cinema of China
 Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize
 Zhang Jigang

References[edit]

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2. ^ Date of Birth at Britannica
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55. ^ "Director Zhang Yimou Pays $1.2M for Having 3 Kids". go.com. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
56. ^ Kevin Ma (June 12, 2014). "Zhang Yimou confirms Great Wall plans". Film Business Asia. Archived from the
original on June 15, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
57. ^ Jen Yamato (December 12, 2014). "King Kong Pic 'Skull Island' Moves To 2017 With New Title; Zhang Yimou's
'Great Wall' Epic Dated For 2016". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 13,2014.
58. ^ "'Great Wall' Director Zhang Yimou Starts 'Shadow'". May 18, 2017.

Further reading[edit]
 Gateward, Frances (editor): Zhang Yimou: Interviews Conversations with Filmmakers Series, University Press of
Mississippi, 2001. ISBN 1-57806-262-4.
 Colamartino, Fabrizio & Marco Dalla Gassa : "Il cinema di Zhang Yimou" Le Mani, 2003, ISBN 978-88-8012-244-9.
(Italian)

External links[edit]
 Zhang Yimou on IMDb
 Zhang Yimou at AllMovie
 Zhang Yimou at Senses of Cinema's Great Directors Critical Database
 Zhang Yimou at the Hong Kong Movie Database
 Works by or about Zhang Yimou in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
 "Zhang Yimou collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
Interviews and articles

 Text of interview with Zhang Yimou, 2002

 Zhang Yimou's Interview on the Southern Weekend on August 14, 2008.
 Music from the Films of Zhang Yimou
 NYTimes.com - Behind the Scenes: Zhang Yimou on YouTube
 Zhang Yimou for Jean Paul Gaultier

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Zhang Yimou

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The Fifth Generation

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Awards for Zhang Yimou

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Forbes China Celebrity 100 top 10 (by year)

BIBSYS: 98014282

BNE: XX1379146

BNF: cb13966102s (data)

CANTIC: a10273165

CiNii: DA05429664

GND: 120728788

ISNI: 0000 0001 2284 1810

LCCN: nr90013309

NDL: 00625474

NKC: js20060630024

NLA: 36685925

NLI: 003957639

NLK: KAC201422222

NSK: 000521476

NTA: 098766716

RERO: 02-A000181401

SELIBR: 245850

SNAC: w6hz5j13

SUDOC: 085675520

Trove: 1396294

VIAF: 111742197

WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 111742197

Categories: 
 BAFTA winners (people)
 Beijing Film Academy alumni
 Chinese cinematographers
 Film directors from Shaanxi
 Artists from Xi'an
 1951 births
 Living people
 Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
 Venice Best Director Silver Lion winners
 Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize winners
 Chinese film directors