PADPAO – stands for the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency

Operators.

R.A. 5487 – is an act that regulates the organization and operation of the private

detective, watchmen or security guard agencies.

PCSUSIA – Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation

Agencies – was formed as a result of the approval of R.A. 5487, which directs the Chief

PC to issue rules and regulations concerning the implementation of R.A. 5487.

Purpose of Security – is to protect the establishment from any form of losses as a

result of theft, robbery, pilferage, sabotage, espionage, accident, fire and subversive

activities.

Security - the predictable state or condition which is free from harm, injury, destruction,

intimidation or fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense against crime.

Physical Security System - a barrier or system of barriers placed between the potential

intruder and the matter to be protected. Protective device against hazards, threats,

vulnerability and risks.

Vigiles (in Rome) - origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a fire

brigade.

Target hardening - the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use of

physical barriers, architectural design and enhanced security measures of a particular

location.

Defensible Space - the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under

the control of its residents.

Natural barriers or features - such as cliffs,ravines,and rivers which delay or make more

difficult to entry of intruders.

Barriers - any line of boundary and separation,natural or artificial,places,or serving as

limitation or obstruction.Anything that bars,keep out,obstruct progress,or prevents

encroachment or intrusion.

Structural barriers - features constructed by man regardless of their original intent that

tends to delay the intruder.ex.walls,ceilings,locks,safe,windows.

Human barriers - guards,charges of quarters,office personnel,shop workers etc. who stand

between the intruder and the matter to be protected.

Animal barriers - usually guard dog.ex. trained German shepherds used as

guards,goose,and turkeys can also be included.

Energy barriers - usually electrical or electronics devices used to provide assistance to

guard personnel.ex. protective lightnings,anti intrusion devices.

Full view fence - it is designed primarily to prevent physical access between two

areas.Constructed in such a way that visual access is permitted through the fence.

Demography - the study of the characteristics of population groups.

Pass system - a method used by security to screen visitors or person admitted into building

premises.

Single pass or Badge system - the least expensive and the least secure.

Group pass and Badge system - one ID for one group.

Multiple pass system - separate pass is required for access to various areas in need.

Spot magnetized identification passes - a code may be placed in the device and when

passes through a machine, the code on the device is read, if it contains wrong code or no

code at all, it will alarm.

Driver pool - the most secure but the most expensive. In this system, car is driven by

qualified driver employed by the installation from the entrance to its destination and after

the conclusion of the business of the visitor. car is driven back to the installations entrance.

Time travel - used in less sensitive installations

Grid system - a very complicated system. The installation is divided into grid ad squares like

a map. Each square is given a no. or letter designation. The visitor is then given a map and

shown the route to take to his destination and should not deviate from the prescribed route,

otherwise he could be stopped and questioned by the guards.

Search of vehicles - sign should be put at the entrance to the installation that any vehicle

entering is subject to search anytime.

Central station system - the control station is

     located outside the installations.When the alarm is

     sounded by a subscriber, the central station

     notifies the police or protection agency.

2. Property system - the control system is located

    inside the installations with its own firefighter,law

    enforcer,ambulance,or bomb disposal unit.

3Local alarm - the signalling is near the alarm itself.When the intruder enters the

installation, the alarm goes off scaring the intruder. Purpose is just to scare not to

apprehend intruder.

Auxiliary alarm - the installation owned the protective alarm with a unit in the nearest police

station so that in case of need, direct call is possible.

Access list - it contains the names of authorized persons or personnel and is checked

against identification cards such as drivers licenses, draft registration etc.

Inside Perimeter - a line of protection adjacent to

     the protected area and passing through points of

     possible entry into the area.ex. doors and windows

  * Outside perimeter - a line of protection but some

     what removed from the protected area.ex.fence

 Intrusion alarm - any detecting devices using

    electric and their combinations to signal an alarm

    when actuated.

2. Laser beam alarm - a laser emitter floods the wall or

    fence with a beam so that when this beam is

    disturbed  by a physical object,an alarm is activated

3. Photocell alarm - an invisible or visible beam is

    emitted and when disturbed,it activates an alarm

    or mechanical device that opens a door or lift

    movable barriers,activated by light.

Types of protective Lighting

  1. Stationary luminary - consist of series of fixed

       luminaries to flood given area continuously

       Example: glare protection type

  2. Standby Lighting - provides continuous lighting

       through manual operations.

  3. Movable Lighting - stationary or portable manually

      operated  search lights.

  4. Emergency Lighting - duplication of existing

      lighting system that is utilized in the event of

      electric failure.

Types of Lighting Equipment

  1. Street lights - used in parking areas

  2. Search Lights - highly focused incandescent lamps

      used to pinpoint potential trouble spot.

  3. Flood Lights - project light in a concentrated beam

      used in boundaries and fences.

  4. Fresnel Lights - wide beam units primarily used to

      extend illumination in long horizontal strips to

      protect approaches to perimeter barrier.

Protective Locks and Keys

  1. Lock - a mechanical,hydraulic,electrical or 

      electronic device designed to prevent entry into a

      building,room,container or hiding place and to

      prevent the removal of items without the consent

      of the owner.

  2. Padlock - portable and detachable lock having or

      sliding hasp that passes through a staple ring.

  3. Peterman - A term used in England for lock picker,

      safe cracker and penetrators of restricted areas

      or rooms.

Types of Keys

  1. Master Key - a special key of opening a series

      locks.

  2. Grand Master Key - a key that will open

       everything in a system involving two or more

       master key groups.

  3. Change Key - a key to a single lock within a master

      keyed system.

  4. Sub Master Key - a key will open all lock with a

      particular area or grouping in a given facility.

Types of Security Cabinets

  1. Safe

  2. vault

  3. File Room

Protective Cabinets - considered as the third line of  defense against unauthorized

persons.

Key Control - a system of controlling keys devised and  regulated for disposal,storage and

withdrawals.

Close-in Security Formations

  1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage.

  2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180 degrees

       coverage.

  3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of coverage

  4. Four Man Security

  5. Five Man Security - modified diamond.

  6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too much

      crowd requires arm lock formation.

      Note: Six Man Security is the most effective.

Defensive In Depth Barriers

  1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks,in front of

       quarters or offices,covering all entrances,front,

       center,side and rear.

  2. Middle Ring - security covering inside quarters,

      office,residence,all stairways and elevators.

  3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the high risk

      personnel door or the one closest to the VIP.

Victim - is the crime targets.

Victimology - is the study of victim.

Physical Security – is a system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and

the matter to be protected. It is considered as the broadest type of security.

Communication Security – is the protection resulting from the application of various

measures which prevents or delay the enemy or unauthorized person in giving

information through the communication system.

Hotel Security – is the protection resulting from the application of various measures

which safeguards hotel guests and personnel, hotel property, and functions in hotel

restaurants, bars and clubs.

Bank Security – is the protection resulting from the application of various measures

which safeguards cash and assets which are in storage in transit and during

transactions.
Document Security – is physical security that involves the protection of documents and

classified papers from loss, access to unauthorized person, damage, theft and

compromised through disclosure.

Personal and VIP Security – involve in the protection of top ranking official the

government, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign

dignitaries.

Crisis Security - is the protection of the rich person, industrial magnates, political

leaders against kidnapping for economic, political, emotional or nationalistic purposes.

Industrial Security - various measures to safeguard factories,

manufacturing establishment, etc.

Operational Security - is physical which deals with the protection of

processes, formulas, patents and other activities.

Other special type of security - these type of security are adaptations, variations,

innovations and modifications of physical security.

Security Hazard - is any act or condition, which may result in the compromise of

information, loss of life, loss or destruction of property, or disruption of the objectives of

the installations.

Natural Hazards - types of hazard, which the mere cause is the natural phenomenon.

Human/Manmade Hazard - which is actually the act of omission or commission both

overt/convert by an individual or group of an individual.

Relative Critically - the importance of the product or services that the company is

giving or producing.

Relative Vulnerability – how susceptible the establishment for the particular sabotage,

espionage, etc

Espion – French word- which means spy - This is used to estimate or determine the

best possible means of sabotage.

Spy – is the agent of Espionage. They are very dangerous because of their skill in

deception and undercover works.

Sabotage – is an act of destroying, damaging or any evil motives that will lead to

stoppage of the normal operation of the company, factory, plant and or establishment.

Saboteur – is the agent of sabotage.

Mechanical Sabotage – is an act wherein they used the object or substance within the

area of an establishment.

Contamination – is a type where they used foreign materials to apply in the

establishment.

Breakage – destroying the vital parts of a machine.

Substitution – Substitution or changing of formula to another, which will cause damage

or destructions.

Omission – this is committed by means of a doing by an individual, which can cause

destruction inside of the company or establishment.

Abrasive – a special type of contamination, by using a type of material that will grind

metals.

Explosives – substances that are easily exploded by means of heat, friction,

jarring or sparks. They are highly dangerous because of its damaging effect.

Low Intensity Explosives – It is very sensitive to heat. It can be exploded by means of

fire, friction or spark.

High Intensity Explosives – is detonated by means of shock, jarring or shake. These

are from liquid.

Dynamite – from liquid it is manufactured and usually homemade and popularly used

by illegal fisherman and miners.

Stench Bomb – Chemical that is carried out by the racketeers and with disagreeable

odor.

Nitro-glycerin – contains of nitro-acid, sulfuric acid and glycerin

Arson – is the malicious burning of one’s property.

Fraud - losing- by burning the property they can recover from losing

Pyromaniac- a person who is fond of looking fire.

Combustion- a chemical process by which the heat and flame will comes out.

Crowd – Temporary congregation of people.

Physical crowd – temporary congregation of people without interest

Psychological crowd- temporary congregation of people with common interest in a

certain thing.

Casual psychological – common interest only for short duration.

International Psychological - common interest in a long duration.

 Casual pilferage - one who steal due to inability to resist the unexpected opportunity

or has little fear that there is detection.

Systematic pilferage – one who steal with preconceived plan and take away things for

all types of goods, supplies or merchandise.

Kleptomaniac – The person who is fond of getting the property of other

people.

Theft - is committed by any person who with intent to gain but without violence against

or intimidation of persons nor force upon things shall take personal property of another

without the latter’s consent.

Simple theft - without violation of trust and confidence.

Qualified Theft – taking the property of another with violation of trust and

confidence.

Shoplifter - is those people or somebody who gets the things or property

displayed in the store without payment.

Perimeter security - is the first line of security or defense.

Restricted area - is an area access to which is subject to special restriction to the flow

of pedestrian or vehicular traffic to safeguard property or material.

Limited area - a restricted area containing a security interest or other matter in which

uncontrolled movement will permit access to such security interest or matter; but within

which and controlled.

Exclusive area - a restricted area containing a security interest or matter, which is of

such nature or of such vital importance that access to the area of proximity resulting

from access to the area, constitutes access to the security interest or matter.

Clear zones - the exterior and interior parallel area near perimeter barriers of an

industrial compound to afford better observation and patrol movements.

Perimeter barriers - is a system of protection designed to restricted areas by

unauthorized person.

Security Planning - is a corporate and executive responsibility. It involves knowing the

objectives of security and the means and methods to reach those objectives or goals

must then be evolved. In short, security planning is a decision-making process.

Security Survey - is the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination and

thorough inspection of all operational systems and procedures of a facility.

Company guard - proprietary or in house security, and they are directly under the

payroll of the company.

Agency guard - they are hired by an agency, and they are paid by contract

Government Guard Forces - they are considered as government employees and paid

by the government.
Security Guard Forces - maybe define as a group of forces of men selected,

trained and organized into a functional group for the purpose of protecting operational

processes from those disruption which impede efficiency or halt operations at a

particular plant, facility, institution or special activity.

Security Communication System – facilities provided for signaling, alerting or

alarming workers at any location throughout the installation as occasion demands.

These includes telephone and radio.

Protective Alarm System - provide an electrical and mechanical means of detecting

and announcing proximity of instruction which endanger the security of a restricted area,

a facility, or its components.

Private Detective – is refers to any person who is not a member of a regular police

agency or the Armed Forces of the Philippines who does detective work for hire,

reward, or commission.

Persons – as used in this act, shall include not only natural persons but also

judicial persons such as corporation, partnership, company or association duly

registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Bureau of

Commerce.

Private Detective Agency – refers to any organization or corporation who is not a

member as regular police agency or of the AFP.

Watchmen/Security Agency – Any persons, associations, partnership or

corporation who recruits training, masters, furnishes, and solicits individuals or business

firms, private or government owned corporation, engaging his services those of its
watchmen either residential or business premises, or both for hire or compensation thru

subscription shall be known as watchmen or security agency.

License or License Certificate – a document issued to a person by competent

authority allowing such person to established direct, manage, or operate detective or

intelligence and private watchmen/security agency.

Survey reports – itemizes the condition which are conducive to breaches of security,

records the preventive measures currently in effect, and when required--- makes

specific practical and reasonable recommendations to bring the physical security to the

desired standard.