CHAPTER 4 Project Contribution

DESIGN AND CONFIGURE OF VOIP WITH VLAN

Executive Summery
4.1 Introduction

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery
of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as
the Internet. The term Internet telephony specifically refers to the provisioning of
communications services (voice, fax, SMS, voice-messaging) over the public Internet, rather
than via the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
VoIP services are vary. Some services using VoIP may only allow you to call other people using
the same service, but others may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number anywhere
in the world.  While some services only work via your computer or a special VoIP phone, other
services allow you to use a traditional phone with an adaptor. The technology was originally
developed to provide voice communication between computer users in different locations. VoIP
(Voice over Internet Protocol) is the ability to transmit and receive voice telephone calls over an
Ethernet data connection. Which are used to connect computers inside an office building across a
LAN (local Area Network) also known as intranet as well as connect computers to the world
wide web (www) also known as a WAN (Wide Area Network) or internet. Voice over the
Internet protocol (VOIP) is being rapidly deployed, and the convergence of the voice and data
worlds is introducing exciting opportunities. Lower cost and greater flexibility are the key factors
luring (attracting) enterprises to transition to VoIP. But having large broadcast domain or traffic
within the network, low security and overhead management are key problems on IP phones.
Therefore, many organizations have decided to implement VLAN (Virtual Local Area Networks)
to solve these problems. A VLAN is a logical grouping of network resources and host devices
based on the ports where those hosts connect to the switch, based on their MAC address. VLANs
represent a standardized Layer 2 mechanism for partitioning a single physical LAN into multiple
disjoint logical LANs, by assigning traffic to a particular VLAN based on the port number from
which it arrived, or using a VLAN for VOIP prevents VOIP devices from competing with other
traffic on the network, helping to avoid delays in delivering voice packets. A VOIP VLAN also
makes it easier to troubleshoot VOIP issues since the traffic is isolated.
I.e. In this project, the VOIP with VLAN has been designed and simulated using Cisco packet
tracer software.
4.1.1 Literature Review

VOIP + VLAN

In ethio telecom using PSTN network is cost for customers due to this we are aspire to
implement VoIP with VLAN for ethio telecom by replacing PSTN by IP network. VOIP
technology such as low cost is beneficiary to provide great amount for customers. It also contains
feature to establish calls between IP phones to IP phone and send message from pc to pc. In
general VOIP service offers at lower rate for making calls. It allows significant benefits for
customers and communication services providers such as cost savings, rich media service, phone
and service portability, mobility, and the integration with other applications. Voice over IP
(VoIP) has been prevailing in the telecommunication world. As a new technology transporting
multimedia over the IP network.

Using VLAN for VOIP prevents VOIP devices from competing with other traffic on the
network, helping to avoid delays in delivering voice packets. A VOIP VLAN also makes it easier
to troubleshoot VOIP issues, since the VOIP traffic is isolated and switches are typically used for
creating VLANs.

Taking an Ethernet switches and pretends to divide in to two or more switches; it appears like
two separate switches (virtual switches).

This is why? Each virtual switch can be assigned to its own network. Traffic is independent for
each network, can have a network for data and a network for voice and both voice and data can
share the same network infrastructure. This is called convergence.

Priorities can be assigned to the network to the networks the voice network can have priority
over the data network this is called QOS (quality of service).

End devices use ports configured in access mode, only one VLAN is allowed per access
port.ethernet trunks are used between switches and allow multiple VLANs per trunk port.

End device access port one VLAN

Between switches trunk port many VLAN

VLANs are numbered and named at the switch a subnet is assigned to the VLAN

VLAN 10_Data _192.168.10.0

VLAN_20_Voice_192.168.20.0

The voice VLAN is a special access port feature of Ethernet switches which allows IP phones to
auto-configure and easily associate to a logically separate VLAN.this feature provided various
benefits, but one particular benefit is when the voice VLAN is enabled on a switch port that is
also enabled to allow simultaneous access for a regular PC.This feature allows a PC to be daisy
chained to an IP phone and the connection for both PC and phone to be trunked through the same
physical Ethernet cable.

A VOIP phone is actually a 3 port switch:-

 One external port is connected to the network.

 One internal port is connected to the phone.
 One external port is connected to the PC.

For IP phones, the switch port is a multi-VLAN port.

The purpose of VLANs

 to reduce congestion on a large LAN

 three solutions for this congestion that were developed
 Using routers to segment LANs,
 Using switches to segment LANs and
 Using VLANs to segment LANs.
Advantages of using VLANs
 better Performance
 formation of virtual switch(workgroups)
 greater flexibility
 ease of partitioning off resources
Advantages and Disadvantages of VoIP
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
  Cost Effective.  Loss of service during outages.
 Integration with an existing phone  Security lapses.
connection.  Some times during calls, there
 PC to PC phone calls. may be period of silence when
 Makes use of packet switching. data is lost while it is being
 Easy to upgrade. unscrambled.
 Bandwidth efficient.  Poor sound quality and
 Benefit of providing telephone service reliability generated by VoIP.
to areas of low telephone coverage.  Latency and traffic.
 Easy installation as compared to normal  Limited Emergency Calls, it is
telephone systems. hard to locate we and send help
in time.

Table4.1 Advantages and disadvantages of VoIP

Benefits of the project
The key benefits of using VLAN for VOIP are as follow:-
 Improved performance since separating data and voice traffic, network equipment does
not have to differentiate the two types of packets. On a network without segmentation,
voice packets are tagged to have higher priority than other type of data. Now that voice is
not competing with anything else, we’re likely to see better performance and audio
quality. This type of logical segmentation also reduces the overhead on the servers since
they don’t have to filter traffic based on type.
 Better security VOIP introduces security risks to enterprise networks.VLANs will give
better control over security. You can lock down the VOIP specific virtual LAN to a much
greater extent than other parts of the network. With VOIP traffic only allowed on the
virtual LAN ,it becomes easier to spot unauthorized flows.
 Easier troubleshooting configuring VLAN allows to troubleshoot problems quicker and
easer.since different types of traffic flows are not on the same network,can identify
trouble spots before they become unmanageable problems.the different routers and
 switches on the network have to deal with one type of data only.so traffic flows are
predictable and consistent.
4.1.2 Problem of Statement
 ethio telecom losses millions of birr due to illegal VOIP (voice over internet protocols)
especially with fraud calls.
 Expensiveness of international and national calls in ethio telecom tariffs, due to
expensive venue of PSTN expansion, high bandwidth of PSTN networks and the high
costs of maintaining legacy networks.
 VOIP brings voice to the same network that hosts all the other different types of data like
text,pictures, documents, emails etc……due to this simple nature traffic and the potential
critical losses that can result;
VOIP should:
1.implement rigorous protection safeguards to Ethernet ports.
2.test the Ethernet ports of connected IP phones to ensure that they match the security
goals of the environment.
therefore our project prefer to keep this traffic separate and segregate VOIP calls to a
separate,physical network. This effective strategy is to use virtual LANs(VLANs).
4.1.3.1 General Objective

our general objective is giving solution able analysis to ethio telecom replacing its traditional
system by IP based system; the company implements VOIP system legally with VLAN, which
prevents voip devices from competing with traffic on the network .

4.1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To analyses VOIP with VLAN implementation in ethio telecom and to separate network
management traffic from end-user or server traffic.
 To improve network security and efficiency.
 To prioritize or implement quality of services(QOS) rules for VOIP phones.
 To increase profit gain.
4.1.4 Scop of The Project
VLAN allows to segment out a physical networks in to virtual networks with different
subnets.Segmenting out a network usually requires adding additional hardware in to the network
(which generally means adding more physical switches).however,the great thing about VLAN is
that we don’t have to buy additional equipment as long as our existing switches ,access ports or
routers support VLANS.with VLANs we can separet network traffic & users for specific reasons
such as applying different security or policies to different group of users.for VOIP,there are
specific benefits in separating data and voice traffic on the network.one benefit is that
QOS(quality of services) can be applied to the voice traffic via VLAN tagging.

VLAN tags are used to provide high priority to voice packets.

4.1.5 Methodology

The procedure that what we take to do this project was first we try to read such like documents
from the web. Then we try to know the function of equipment that is used to design VoIP service
with VLAN and what is their function.
Start

Literature review Study cisco packet tracer Modeling switch topology

Result and conclution simulation design Modeling router topology

Finally develop VOIP with VLAN

Figure4.1: Methodology

4.1.6 Organization of Project

The requirements of projects are copper straight cable, IP phone, router, switch, PC, laptop,
server and power over Ethernet (POE).
The main purpose we used to these requirements is the following
Copper straight cable:-we used to this cable to connect the different end device like switch with
router, PC with IP phone
Router; a device that we use to connect a virtual local area networks and standard protocols to
move packets efficiently to their destination
Switch: - we split large networks in to small segments decreasing the number of sharing the
same network resources and bandwidth
Server: - it based on client or server and it handle and manage the request of client. Also we use
server data from server download and data to server upload. And also client we use to send
request to server whereas server for request response to client.
Power over internet (POE):- it’s a technology let’s network cables carry electrical power
PC/PT:-A computer which is primarily intended for use by a single person. Several Personal
Computers can be networked together and may be used to access larger computers, such as
minicomputers or mainframes. Used to transmit and receive the data.
Cisco IP Phones:-A VoIP phone looks like an ordinary corded or cordless telephone, but it
connects directly to a computer network rather than a traditional phone line. A dedicated VoIP
phone may consist of a phone and base station that connects to the internet or it may also operate
on a local wireless network. Like the VoIP adapters mentioned above, dedicated VoIP phones
also require a provider and service plan.
 Port 1 connects to the switch or other voice-over-IP (VoIP) device.
 Port 2 is an internal port which is connected to phone.
 Port 3 (access port) connects to a PC or other device.
Voice over Internet Protocol is a set of software, hardware, and standards designed to make it
possible to transmit voice over packet switched networks, either an internal Local Area Network,
or across the Internet.
This project was made by using Cisco Packet tracer which is a software that is used to make
VLAN, VoIP, wireless network, etc.
Procedure
The following is the procedure to install system.
Step1: First chose the needed materials from the cisco packet tracer
 24 IP Phones & 24 PC/PT for voice and data
 8 switches for 8 sections
 1 switch for server and 1 router for DHCP server
Step2: connect each ports by using
 Copper straight through Ethernet cable for trunk layer from router to server switch
 Copper cross over Ethernet cable for access layer from section switch to server switch
  Copper straight through Ethernet cable from section switch to each IP phones and from
IP phones to PC/PT
Step3: configure all networks console by console or
 First Configure HR switch, configure security switch, Configure TAT switch, Configure
RAN switch, Configure IP switch, Configure CORE switch, configure performance
switch, and Configure power switch. Then Configure server switch finally Configure
router.
Step4: Show all the interface trunk and IP DHCP binding
Step5: Save the network.
4.2 Block Diagram and System Design Description
Here we design VoIP with VLAN using one 2811 router for DHCP server, one switch for server,
two switch for client, 8 switches for access, 12 PC/PT for data, and 12 IP Phone for voice. My
design has 4 VLANs gate static IP address for each VLANs gate dynamic IP address from the
DHCP server.
 VLAN 6, VLAN 8, VLAN 10, uses for data.
 VLAN 7, VLAN 9, VLAN 13, uses for voice.

Figure4.2 Design of VoIP with VLANs and Trunk

4.3 Result and Discussion
Figure4.3 Result of the VOIP with VLAN
In our project simulation the output or result described as follows:-
 The IP phones dial (call) each other in their inter- vlan.
 The messages and fax sent and receive one to another.
Simply if we want to call, for example e-phone -1 calls to ephone-2 we will write the e-phone-2
number on the keyboard of the ephone-1 and then pickup hand set in other term we will dial to
the e-phone we have written its number. The ephone-2 will ring and if we want to communicate
ephone-2 hand set should be picked up then they will connect.

DHCP Result
Figure4.4: DHCP Result
4.4 Conclusion and Future work

Based on the work done throughout this project & the proposed methodology to deploy VOIP
with VLAN capability,it can be used as a guide or reference for a more exhaustive evaluation of
various parameters (QOS).that impact on a performance of the network & VLANs for VOIP can
be used to group users or devices together to implement security polices & control traffic flows
& we can ensure that the best way to obtain VOIP network with the desired performance is based
on QOS applied to voice traffic via VLAN.