INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF BANK

Banking Means “Accepting deposits for the purpose of lending or investment of deposits of
money from the public, repayable on demand or otherwise and withdraw by cheque, draft
or otherwise.”

-banking companies (Regulation) Act, 1949

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “BANK”

The origin of the word bank is shrouded in mystery. According to one view point the Italian
business house carrying on crude from of banking were called banchi bancheri “According to
another viewpoint banking is derived from German word “Branck” whichmean heap or
mound. In England, the issue of paper money by the government was referred to as a raising
a bank.

ORIGIN OF BANKING
Its origin in the simplest form can be traced to the origin of authentic history. After
recognizing the benefit of money as a medium of exchange, the importance of banking was
developed as it provides the safer place to store the money. This safe ultimately evolved in to
financial institutions that accepts deposits and make loans i.e., modern commercial banks.
BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA
Without a sound and effective banking system in India it cannot have a healthy economy.
The banking system of India should not only be hassle free but it should be able to meet
new challenges posed by the technology and any other external and internal factors.

For the past three decades India’s banking system has several outstanding achievements to its
credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to only metropolitans
or cosmopolitans in India . In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote
corners of the country. This is one of the main reasons of India’s growth process.

HISTORY OF BANKING IN INDIA

Banking in India has its origin as early or Vedic period. It is believed that the transitions from
many lending to banking must have occurred even before Manu, the great Hindu furriest,
who has devoted a section of his work to deposit and advances and laid down rules relating to
the rate of interest. During the mogul period, the indigenous banker played a very important
role in lending money and financing foreign trade and commerce. During the days of the East
India Company it was the turn of agency house to carry on the banking business.

The General Bank of India was the first joint stock bank to be established in the year 1786.
The other which followed was the Bank of Hindustan and Bengal Bank. The Bank of
Hindustan is reported to have continued till 1906. While other two failed in the meantime. In
the first half of the 19th century the East India Company established there banks, The bank of
Bengal in 1809, the Bank of Bombay in 1840 and the Bank of Bombay in1843.these

Three banks also known as the Presidency banks were the independent units and
functionedwell. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and new bank, the Imperial
Bank of India was established on 27th January, 1921.With the passing of the State Bank of
India Act in 1955 the undertaking of the Imperial Bank of India was taken over by the newly
constituted SBI. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) which is the Central bank was established
in April, 1935 by passing Reserve bank of India act 1935. The Central office of RBI is in
Mumbai and it controls all the other banks in the country. In the wake of Swadeshi
Movement, number of banks with the Indian management were established in the country
namely, Punjab National Bank Ltd., Bank of India Ltd., Bank of Baroda Ltd., Canara Bank.
th
Ltd. on 19
 th
July 1969, 14 major banks of the country were nationalized and on 15 April 1980

6 more commercial private sector banks were taken over by the government. The first bank
in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the journey of
Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They area smentioned
below:

Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian Banks

Nationalization of Indian Banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking sector Reforms.

New phase ofIndian Banking System with the advent of Indian Financial & BankingSector
Reforms after 1991.

The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. Next came Bank of Hindustan and
Bengal Bank. The East India Company established Bank of Bengal (1809) , Bank of
Bombay(1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as independent units and called it Presidency
Banks.

These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India was established
which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans shareholders .In 1865
Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians, Punjab National Bank
Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913, Bank of India,
Cen-tral Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore
were set up. Reserve Bank of India came in 1935.During the first phase the growth was very
slow and banks also experienced periodic failures between 1913 and 1948. There were
approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline the functioning and activities of
commercial banks, the Government of India came up with The Banking Companies Act,
1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act 1949 as per amending Act of 1965
(Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with extensive powers for the
supervision of banking in India as the Central Banking Authority.

During those day’s public has lesser confidence in the banks. As an aftermath deposit
Mobilization was slow. A breast of it the savings bank facility provided by the Postal
department was comparatively safer. Moreover, funds were largely given to traders.

Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after independence.
In1955, it nationalized Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking facilities on a large
scale especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of India to act as the
principal agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and State
Governments all over the country .Seven banks forming subsidiary of State Bank of India
was nationalzed in 1960 on 19thJuly, 1969, major process of nationalization was carried out.
It was the effort of the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. 14 major
commercial banks in the country was nationalized. Second phase of nationalization Indian
Banking Sector Reform was carried out in 1980 with seven more banks. This step brought
80% of the banking segment in India under Government ownership.

. The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate Banking
Institutions in the Country: 1949: Enactment of Banking Regulation Act.

1955: Nationalization of State Bank of India.

1959: Nationalization of SBI subsidiaries.
1961: Insurance cover extended to deposits.
1969: Nationalization of 14 major banks

1971: Creation of credit guarantee corporation.

1975: Creation of regional rural banks.

1980: Nationalization of seven banks with deposits over 200 crore. After the nationalization
of banks, the branches of the public sector bank India rose to approximately 800% in deposits
and advances took a huge jump by 11,000%.Banking in the sunshine of Government
ownership gave the public implicit faith and immense confidence about the sustainability of
these institutions.
This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector in its
reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M. Narasimhama, a committee was set
up by his name which worked for the liberalization of banking practices.

The country is flooded with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to
give a satisfactory service to customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The
entire system became more convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than
money. The financial system of India has shown a great deal of resilience. It is sheltered from
any crisis triggered by any external macroeconomics shock as other East Asian Countries
suffered. This is all due to a flexible exchange rate regime, the foreign reserves are high, the
cap-ital account is not yet fully convertible, and banks and their customers have limited
foreign exchange exposure.
BANKING STRUCTURE IN INDIA

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) :-

The country had no central bank prior to the establishment of the RBI. The RBI is the
supreme monetary and banking authority in the country and controls the banking system in
In-dia. It is called the Reserve Bank’ as it keeps the reserves of all commercial banks.

Scheduled & Non –scheduled Banks:-

A scheduled bank is a bank that is listed under the second schedule of the RBI Act, 1934. In
order to be included under this schedule of the RBI Act, banks have to fulfill certain
conditions such as having a paid up capital and reserves of at least 0.5 million and satisfying
the Reserve Bank that its affairs are not being conducted in a manner prejudicial to the
interests of its depositors. Scheduled banks are further classified into commercial and
cooperative banks. Non- scheduled banks are those which are not included in the second
schedule of the RBI Act, 1934. At present these are only three such banks in the country.
Commercial Banks

Commercial banks may be defined as, any banking organization that deals with the deposits
and loans of business organizations .Commercial banks issue bank checks and drafts, as well
as accept money on term deposits. Commercial banks also act as moneylenders, by way of
installment loans and overdrafts .Commercial banks also allow for a variety of deposit
accounts, such as checking, savings, and time deposit. These institutions are run to make a
profit and owned by a group of individuals.

Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs):

Scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) account for a major proportion of the business of the
scheduled banks. SCBs in India are categorized into the five groups based on their ownership
and/or their nature of operations. State Bank of India and its six associates (excluding State
Bank of Saurashtra, which has been merged with the SBI with effect from August 13, 2008)
are recognized as a separate category of SCBs, because of the distinct statutes (SBI Act, 1955
and SBI Subsidiary Banks Act, 1959) that govern them. Nationalized banks and SBI and
associates together form the public sector banks group IDBI ltd. has been included in the
nationalized banks group since December 2004. Private sector banks include the old private
sector banks and the new generation private sector banks- which were incorporated according
to the revised guidelines issued by the RBI regarding the entry of private sector banks in
1993.

Foreign banks are present in the country either through complete branch/subsidiary route
presence or through their representative offices.

Types of Scheduled Commercial Banks

Public Sector Banks

These are banks where majority stake is held by the Government of India.
Examples of public sector banks are: SBI, Bank of India, Canara Bank, etc.
Private Sector Banks

These banks are registered and have their headquarters in a foreign country but operate
their branches in our country. Examples of foreign banks in India are: HSBC, Citibank,
Standard Chartered Bank, etc

Regional Rural Banks

Regional Rural Banks were established under the provisions of an Ordinance promulgated on
the 26th September 1975 and the RRB Act, 1976 with an objective to ensure sufficient insti-
tutional credit for agriculture and other rural sectors. The area of operation of RRBs is limited
to the area as notified by GOI covering one or more districts in the State.

RRBs are jointly owned by GOI, the concerned State Government and Sponsor Banks (27
scheduled commercial banks and one State Cooperative Bank); the issued capital of a RRB is
shared by the owners in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35% respectively.

Prathama bank is the first Regional Rural Bank in India located in the city Moradabad in
Uttar Pradesh.

Type of Commer- Major Shareholders Major Players

cial Banks

Public Sector Government of India SBI, PNB, Canara Bank, Bank of

Banks Baroda, Bank of India, etc

Private Sector Private Individuals ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis

Banks Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes
Bank etc.

Foreign Banks Foreign Entity Standard Chartered Bank, City

Bank, HSBC, Deutsche Bank,
BNP Paribas, etc.

Regional Rural Central Govt, Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas

Banks Concerned State Govt and Bank, Uttaranchal Gramin Bank,
Sponsor Bank in the ratio of Prathama Bank, etc.
50 : 15 : 35
 BANKS IN INDIA
In India the banks are being segregated in different groups. Each group has their Own

benefit and limitations in operating in India. Each has their own dedicated target Market.

Few of them only work in rural sector while others in both rural as well as urban. Many

even are only catering in cities. Some are of Indian origin and some are foreign Players. All

these details and many more is discusses over here. The banks and its relation With the

customers, their mode of operation, the names of banks under different groups and Other

such useful information’s are talked about.

One more section has been taken note of is the upcoming foreign banks in India. The RBI

Has shown certain interest to involve more of foreign banks than the existing one recently.
This step has paved a way for few more foreign banks to start business in India.
 PUNJAB AND SIND BANK

Punjab and Sind Bank is a leading Public Sector bank and a major bank in Northern India.
The Banks business is taking deposits, and making advances and investments and is
principally divided into retail banking, corporate banking, priority sector banking, treasury
operations and other banking services such as agency functions for insurance, distribution of
mutual funds and pension and tax collection services. They have various deposit products,
such as current, savings and term deposits for our customers.

In retail banking, the bank provides loans and advances for housing, trade, automobiles,
consumer durables, education and personal loans. We provide commercial banking products
and services to corporate customers, including mid-sized and small businesses and
government entities.

In corporate banking, the Banks loan products include term loans to finance capital
expenditure of assets across various industries as well as short -term loans, cash and export
credit and other working capital financing and bill discounting facilities. They also provide
credit substitutes, such as letters of credit and guarantee. They also engage in syndication of
loans provided by other financial institutions and other fee -based services such as cash
management and remittance services.

In the priority sector, the Bank offers direct financing to farmers for production, as well as
indirect financing for infrastructure development and credit to suppliers of agricultural inputs.
They also offer a wide range of general banking services to our customers including ATM
cards, cash management, remittance services and collection services.

The Bank also distributes third-party products such as life and non-life insurance policies
through corporate agency agreements with Aviva Life Insurance Company India Pvt Ltd and
Bajaj Allianz, respectively, and mutual funds with UTI AMC through a distribution
agreement. They also act as an agent for various state governments and the GOI on numerous
matters including the collection of taxes and payment of salary and pension.

The Bank delivers their products and service through a wide variety of channels ranging from
bank branches and ATMs. They have branch presence across India, with a presence
predominantly in north India. As of July 31, 2010, the Bank has over 920 branches /
Extension counters and 63 ATMs spread across the country. Out of these 920 branches, they
have 49 specialized branches including specialized agriculture branches, personal banking
branches and MSME branches and one locker branch to cater to their customers from varied
sectors including our priority sector customers. Punjab and Sind Bank was incorporated on
June 24, 1908 with the name The Punjab and Sind Bank Ltd in Amritsar, Punjab. The Bank
was established by Bhai Vir Singh, Sir Sunder Singh Majitha and Sardar Tarlochan Singh.
The Bank was founded on the principle of social commitment to help the weaker section of
the society in their economic endeavors to raise their standard of life.

In April 1980, the Bank is one of the six banks nationalized by the GOI. Thus, the Bank
became GOI undertaking and the name was changed to Punjab & Sind Bank. In March 22,
1986, the Bank established Sutlej Gramin Bank as a regional rural bank in the state of
Punjab, under the name Faridkot - Bathinda Kshetriya Gramin Bank.

In July 2004, the Bank in collaboration with ICICI Bank Ltd launched the Punjab & Sind
Bank-ICICI Bank Credit Card. The Bank made special tie-up arrangements for Non Life
insurance business with Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company and Life Insurance
business arrangements with Aviva Life Insurance Company India Pvt Ltd for providing their
valued customers all the insurance related services under one roof.

In the annual Business Today-KPMG survey of Best Banks in India 2008, the Bank was
ranked number one in the list of Small Sized Best Banks in India. In June 24, 2010, the first
CBS branch was rolled-out. In February 24, 2010, the Bank signed a 10-year contract with IT
major Wipro Ltd for comprehensive IT outsourcing services for the Bank.

In December 2010, Punjab and Sind Bank came out with the public issue of 4, 00, 00,000
equity shares aggregating to Rs 470.82 crore. The fund proceeds would be utilized for
business expansion. At the same time, the bank plans to increase their branch network from
920 to 1,000 by the end of March 2011.

2000 - The Bank has launched its bullion trading scheme on persistent demand from North
Indian traders, especially in view of the Diwali festival season. - The Bank has been
appointed as arranger and collecting banker for State Bank of India's India Millennium
Deposit scheme slated to open on October 21.
 2001

- NS Gujaral has been appointed as the chairman and managing director of the Delhi-based
Punjab & Sind Bank.

2003

-The bank has launched a special festival loan scheme for meeting the expenditure for items
such as purchase of consumer goods or furnishing of house or shops

2004

-Mr. V K Chopra, CMD, Small Industries Development Bank of India, appointed as CMD of
Punjab & Sind Bank -P&SB appoints new chairman R S Gujral -Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB)
and ICICI Bank on July 02 announced the launch of co-branded credit card that will be
available in three variants - Gold, Silver and Blue credit card -Punjab and Sind Bank ties up
with Aviva Life

2010

- Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB) has inked a pact with Wipro, for a 10 year contract for
comprehensive IT outsourcing services for PSB.

2011

-Punjab and Sind Bank Tie-up with HCL for Financial Inclusion. -Punjab and Sind Bank has
recommended a dividend @ Rs.2/- (Rupees Two only) per equity share of Rs.10/- each.

2012 -PSB has recommended a dividend @ Rs. 2/- (Rupees Two Only) per equity share of
Rs. 10/- each.

2015

-PSB has recommended a dividend @ Rs. 2.68 (Rupees two and paisa sixty eight only) per
equity share of Rs. 10/-s each.
2016

-PSB has recommended a dividend @ Rs. 0.60 (paisa sixty only) per equity share of Rs. 10/-
each.

2017

- Punj. & Sind Ban – Authorized KMPs to determine materiality of events/information

B) VISION & MISSION

CORPORATE VISION OF THE BANK:

To emerge as a techno savvy vibrant public sector bank with pan India presence aspiring to
meet expectations of all stake holders .

THE MISSION STATEMENT OF THE BANK

To provide excellent customer service through innovative products and services for different
segment of customers using state of the art Technology.

To dedicate ourselves wholeheartedly for “sarva Jana hital Jana sukhal”

 Financial performance

# Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

A Deposits (' INR crores) 85,540.16 91,249.96 1,01,726.17 98,557.60

B Advances (' INR crores) 60,263.09 65,277.22 69,738.78 72,747.47

Total Business (A+B) (' INR

C 1,45,803.25 1,56,527.18 1,71,464.95 1,71,305.07
crores)

D Total Assets (' INR crores) 97,753.40 94,641.07[edit] 1,11,591.84 1,06,973.01

gE Operating Profit (' INR crores) 1241.88 1269.89

F Net Profit(' INR crores) 201.08 335.97 (-743.80) (-543.48)
Business/Employee (' INR
G
crores)
H Net Interest Margin (NIM) (%) 2.16 2.22
I Return on assets (%) 0.20 0.34 (-0.69) (-0.47)
J Gross NPAs (%) 10.45 6.48 11.19 11.83
K Net NPAs (%) 7.51 4.62 6.93 7.22
L Total Branches 1502 1400 1400 1400
M Total ATM's 1400 1300 1400+ 1500+
C) COMPANY BAGROUND / PROFILE:-

Industry name – Finance – Bank- Public sector

House name : public sector

Incorporation date :- 24/06/1908

Face value :- 10

ISIN:- INE608A01012

Market lot :- 1

Registered office :- Bank house , 21 rajendra palace , new Delhi ,

New Delhi – 110008, India

Registrar office :- Narang tower, naraina Ind Area , New Delhi

-110028 INDIA

Tell. : +91-11-41410592-94

Website: WWW. Linkintime.co.in

Email : delhi@linkintime.co.in

Auditor : Davinder pal Singh & co

AGM Month : June

MANAGEMENT
Director Pradipta K Jena

Chairman & Managing Direc- Jatinder Bir Singh

Tor

Director Atanu Sen.

Executive Director Fareed Ahmed

Director(Shareholders) Tirath Raj Mendiratta

Nominee (Govt) S Selvakumar

Executive Director Govind N Dongre

PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK
A) HISTORY

Established in 1895 in Lahore, Punjab National Bank is one of the oldest banks in India
having a virtual presence in every important center of the country. The bank has over 35
million customers through 4540 offices including 421 extension counters, out of which 2/3 of
its branches in rural and semi rural areas–the largest among nationalized banks, which makes
it enjoy one of the highest penetration rate of banking activities in the country.

Punjab National Bank caters to a wide variety of audience through spectrum of services
including corporate and personal banking, industrial finance, agricultural finance and
international finance. Sitting on a vast banking resources and significant presence in almost
every lending sphere, the bank has a capital adequacy ratio (CAR), well above the Basel–2
regula-tory requirement, at 12.96% as on June 2008, despite being exposed to numerous
market and credit risk elements.

Constantly strengthening the capital adequacy ratio through internal accruals and a regular
increase in Tier 1 capital has put the bank on a very comfortable and formidable position.
Punjab National Bank has a net interest margin (NIM) higher than the industry average due to
a mix of improving yields and low cost funding base and has one of the healthiest low cost
current accounts saving account (CASA) ratio of 41.31%. It also enjoys the highest rating by
all four domestic rating agencies and one of the few banks to boast a AAA rating on its
perpetual debt issue.

The bank has ambitious plans of major technological up–gradation to establish capability of
having 100,000 terminals under the Core Banking Solutions (CBS) with a greater thrust on
increasing international footprints .The bank has successfully migrated to the Basel 2 accord
in February this year.

In a macro–prudential analysis of the Indian economy, it seems as the Indian banking

industry has come a long way and entered in its ever challenging growth phase in a very
prominent time as more than 49% of population financially excluded offers immense
opportunity to the bank.
The core focus of the bank will be on retaining and further improving low cost deposits,
lending to agriculture and small and medium enterprises and repositioning of subsidiaries and
joint ventures.

At the time of global financial turmoil, where the banks all over the world are creeping under
tremendous pressure, Punjab National Bank has managed to insulate itself away from fatal
transactions and has strictly adhered to the RBI guidelines.

In July 2011,

Punjab National Bank agreed to pick up a 30% stake in MetLife India which will make it the
single largest shareholder in the private insurance company. The two parties have agreed that
once the deal is finalized the company will be renamed PNB MetLife India.

Awards:
National Award for Excellence in SSI Lending– Ranked 2nd for four consecutive years from
2002 to 2005
The Banker's Almanac – Ranked 3rd amongst banking sector in India and 323rd rank in the
world in 2006

The Banker, London– Ranked 386 amongst Top 1000 Global Banks in July
2005 AC Nielson Survey – 9th amongst Top 50 Most Trusted Services Brands in
India Golden Peacock Award– for excellence in corporate governance in 2005

2010
Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practice Award
SCOPE Meritorious Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance
2009. Golden Peacock Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance for
2009 India Pride Awards for Excellence in PSU Category
Award for Priority Sector Lending including Financial Inclusion
5 National Awards for the contribution made in promoting MSMEs
Scotch Challenge Award 2010 for livelihood linkage of the Milk producers in Boland shahar
District Uttar
Pradesh
Golden Peacock Innovative Product and Services Award for BCP Implementation for the
2010
Best Info Sphere Warehouse Solution Award 2009
IBM IDC Financial Insights Innovation Awards 2010
CIO 100 Awards for the Year 2009
Emerson Uptime Champion Awards for 2009 in the Government and PSU
Category Excellence in Training Award in 2009–10

2011
SCOPE Meritorious Award for Best Managed Bank
Wind Power India Awards – Second Prize under the category of “Best Wind Power
Project Financier ” 2011
Golden Peacock Award for Excellence in Corporate Social Responsibility
Golden Peacock National Training Award 2010 6th BML Munjal Award for Excellence
in Learning & Knowledge Development ” 2010
Rolta Corporate Award 2010– Top Indian Company under “Banks”
Category Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practice Award 2011
Award for “Computerization of RRBs ” for 2010
Award for “ Best Home Loan Provider” for 2010
Award for “Best Education Loan Provider” 2010
Global HR Excellence Award 2010 for the outstanding Contribution to the cause of
Educa-tion
Asia's Best Employer Brand Award
Award for Brand Excellence under Banking & Financial
Services CSR Excellence Award 2010

2012
Best Bank Award 2011
Most Socially Responsive Bank 2011 Overall
Most Productive Bank Award 2011 Golden
Peacock National Training Award Best in
Corporate Social Responsibility overall
Scotch Financial Inclusion Award for its Jana Mitra Rickshaw Scheme
 India pride Awards in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Editorial Board Roll of Honor by CNBC TV18 India Best Banks and Financial
Institutions Awards
Global HR Excellence Award under the category ''Organization with Innovative
HR Practices''
Two Awards for SME financing
–For lending under Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programmed
(PMEGP)Scheme in North Zone and for Lending in Khadi and Village Industry Commission
( KVIC) Interest Subsidy Scheme on All India level.
Best Bank Awards among Large Banks for ''IT for Internal
Effectiveness'' Golden Peacock Award for HR Excellence 2011 Award
for Excellence in Training

2015
Golden Peacock Business Excellence Awards for the year 2011–12
Social and Corporate Governance Award– Best Corporate Social Responsibility
Most Socially Responsive Bank 2012
Best Public Sector Bank
Best Bank and Financial Institutions Awards
Organization with Innovative HR Practices
Best online Bank ( 1st Runner Up) Indian Banks' Association
Bank with Best Use of Business Intelligence (W inner)
Bank with Best Risk Management and Security Initiatives(winner)
Bank with Best Financial Inclusion Initiatives (Second Runner Up)
Best Bankers' Award under Agriculture Credit–Large Best Public
Sector bank under Priority Sector Lending
3rd CMO Asia Excellence for Branding & Marketing under Banking, Financial Institutions
and Insurance
3rd Asia's Best Employer Brand Awards– Excellence in Training

Subsidiaries of Punjab National Bank

 PNB Gilts
 PNB Housing Finance
 PNB Investment Services
 PNB Insurance Broking
 PNB Life Insurance Co.
Joint Ventures of Punjab National Bank
 Principal PNB Asset Management Company
 Principal Trustee Company
 Assets Care Enterprises
 India Factoring & Finance Solutions
B) COMPANY PROFILE:-
Company Baground- Punjab National Bank

Industry Name Finance-Banks-Public Sector

House Name Public Sector

Collaborative Country Name N.A.

Joint Sector Name N.A.

Year Of Incorporation 1969

Year Of Commercial Production N.A.

Regd.Office Address 7,Bhikhaji Cama Place,,N.A.

District New Delhi

State Delhi

Pin Code 110607

Tel No. 011-26102303.011-23323654

Fax No. 011-26196456,011-23711663

Email: hosd@pnb.co.in

Internet: http://www.pnbindia.in

Auditors Chhajed &Doshi

Company Status N.A.

Registrars:
Name M C S Ltd.

Address F-65, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-1,

New Delhi-110020,Delhi
(C) MISSION & VISION
VISION

To evolve and position the bank as a world class, progressive, cost effective and customer
friendly institution providing comprehensive financial and related services"

Integrating frontiers of technology and serving various segments of society especially weaker
section"

Committed to excellence in serving the public and also excelling in corporate values"

MISSION
To provide excellent professional services and improve its position as a leader in financial
and related services"
build and maintain a team of motivated workforce with high work ethos"
andse latest technology aimed at customer satisfaction and act as an effective catalyst for
socio economic development
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To study and analyze the trends of various elements of financial statements of the Punjab
& Sind bank and Punjab national bank.

 To analyze the financial performance of Punjab & Sind bank.

 To analyze the financial performance of Punjab national bank.

 To analyze and compare the risk & solvency position of the Punjab& Sind bank and
Punjab National bank.

 To examine and compare the overall profitability of the Punjab & Sind bank and Pun-jab
national bank.

 To know the strength and weakness of Punjab & Sind bank and Punjab national bank

.through ratio analysis and financial Statement.

 To make comparison between the ratio during different periods

 To compare Punjab & Sind bank and Punjab national bank on the basis of their
financial performance.

 .
 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of present study is confined comparative study on Profitability and

services provided by Bajaj Allianz and Aviva life insurance companies. The study
mainly involves analysing the financial performance and profitability Punjab & Sind
bank Similar studies on this line may be conducted to compare performance of private
insurance companies. profitability ratios play very important role by which any
organization can be compare. The ratios are helping in comparing the company’s ratios
to know which company is more profitable or which company is suffering from losses.
.

The present study is to attempt to compare the profitability ratios such as return
on asset, return on capital employed, total debt/equity and return on net worth. This
can be help to forecast which company is earning more profit or which one is in loss,
So the project has wide scope to help the managers as well as to the public to know
the status of the company.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 This study is useful and important for the major aspect such as:
 This study is important for the comparison of profitability of Punjab & Sind bank.
 This study analyses the Punjab & Sind bank
 This study provides financial performance of the company as well as provides which
company is better or earning more profit and which company is suffering from losses.
 This study is very helpful for taking decisions.
DATA COLLECTION
Secondary data
Secondary data is the data which is available in readymade form and which has already been
used by other people for various purpose. The sources of secondary data are newspaper,
internet, website, website, journals and other published documents.

The data collected through annual report from sources that are secondary in nature such as
internet, magazines, website, books and journals.

TOOLS USED:-
The major tools used for the analysis of the data are key ratio, percentage.
CHAPTER -3
LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is a study involving a collection of literatures in the selected area of

research in which the scholar has limited experience. In the past, various studies relating to
the financial performance of banks have been conducted by researchers.

1- Islam, Md Aminul. “An analysis of the financial performance of national bank

limited using financial ratio. “Journal of behavioral economics, finance,
Entrepreneurship, Accounting and transport 2.5 (2016); 121-129. “Financial analysis
is structural and logical way to present overall financial performance of a financial
institution. It’s also help to evaluate and decision making for business operation. In
financial analysis process ratio analysis is the most dominant and logical structure to
help business re-lated stakeholder. This study evaluates bank performance for the
period 2008-2015 using financial ratio analysis (hereafter FRA).

2- Dr. V. K. Sapovadia did his research work in year 2004. Under his research work he
studied financial performance of various co-operative sectors. For this purpose he also
calculated some ratios. Title of his study is "a comparative study on financial
performance appraisal of Indian Co-operative sector and USA based co-operative
sector.

3- Kennedy and Muller (1999) , has explain that “ The analysis and interpretation of
financial statements are an attempt to determine the significance and meaning of
financial statements data so that the forecast may be made of the prospects for future
earn-ing , ability to pay interest and debt maturates (both current and long term ) and
prof-itability and sound dividend policy.”

33
4- T.S.Reddy and Y.Hari Prasad Reddy (2009) have stated that “the statement disclosing
status of investment is known as balance sheet and the statement showing the result is
known as profit and loss account.”

5- Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar & Dr. N.Anbumani (2006) , he argue that ratio analysis
enables the business owner / manager to spot trends in a business and to compare its
performance and condition with the average performance of similar business in the
same industry . To do this compare your ratio with the average of business similar to
yours and compare your own ratio for several successive years, watching especially
for any unfavorable trends that may be starting. Ratio analysis may provide the all
important early warning indications that allow you to solve your business problems
before your business is destroyed by them.

6- Rachchh Minaxi A (2011) , have suggested that the financial statement analysis
involves analyzing the financial statement to extract information that can facilitate
decision making . It is the process of evaluating the relationship between component
parts of the financial statement to obtain a better understanding of an entity’s position
and performance.

7- Shirai (2002), in his studies concludes that. “Even though foreign banks and private
sector banks generally perform better than public sector banks in terms of profitability

Earnings efficiency and cost efficiency in the initial stage [of reforms,], such
difference have diminished as public sector banks have improved profitability and
cost Efficiency.

8- B.Satish Kumar (2008), in his article on an evaluation of the financial performance of

Indian private sector banks wrote private sector banks play an important role in
development of Indian economy. After liberalization the banking industry underwent
major changes. the economy reforms totally have changed the banking sector. RBI
permitted new bank to be started in the private sector as per the recommendation of
 Narashiman committee. The Indian banking industry was dominated by public sector
banks but now the situation have changed new generation banks with used of
technology and professional management has gained a reasonable position in the
banking industry.

9- Jha DK and D S Sarangi (2011): The financial performance of seven public sector and
private sector banks during the period 2009-10. They used three sets of ratio,
operating performance ratio, financial ratio and Efficiency ratio. The study revealed
that Ax-is bank was on the top of these banks followed by ICICI, BOT, PNB, SBI,
IDBI and HDFC.

10- Dr.Dhanabhakyam & M.kavita (2012) in their research used some important ratio to
analysis the financial performance of selected public sector banks such as ratio of
advances to assets, ratio of capital to deposit, ratio of capital to working fund, ratio of
demand deposit to total deposit, credit deposit ratio, return on average net worth ratio,
ratio of liquid assets to working fund etc.

The ratio of advances to assets shows an increasing trend for most of the public sector

Bank. It shows aggressiveness of bank in lending which ultimately result in high

profitability. The ratio of capital to deposit also indicates an increasing trend in the capital of
banks. This ratio enables the bank to meet the contingencies of repayment of deposit. The
ratio of capital to deposit in decline. The ratio capitals to working fund also indicate that the
overall efficiency of the selected public sector banks are good. On the other hand the ratios of
demand depart to total deposit is declining. This indicates better liquidity position of bank.
The credit deposit ratio of most of the bank show an increasing trend. It shows that the
profitability of the banks in government. The return on average net worth also shown an
increasing trend.

Debashish Sur (2012) a financial statement is a collection of data organized interims of

some laid down accounting procedures. Financial statements are blue print of the
 working or performance of any organization. The users of financial statements are
direct users and indirect users:

The direct users are

 Owners of business

 Management

 Creditors

 Tax authorities

 Customers

Indirect users are

 Stock exchanges

 Financial analysis

 Trade associations

 Competitors

 Financial press

 General public.

12- Ravinder Kaur (May 2012): A comparative study of SBI and ICICI Bank, the author
has written an International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. Due to globalization,
banking sector has developed a lot. The banking sector in India has very large
network. One of the popular banks is the State Bank of India. The SBI has over
16,000 branches over a wide range of banking. The main objective of study is to
examine the financial performance of SBI and ICICI Bank. SBI is a public sector
bank and ICICI bank is a private sector bank. Ratio analysis was applied to analyze
and to compare the trends in banking business and financial performance.
 13- Pawan Kumar Avdhanam and Sriniwas Kolluru, Ramakrishna Fonnd, (2015) in their
study that state bank group other than SBI home finance has performed better
throughout the period of study. Though there was a decline in PAT for the year 2000-
01 but then there was continuous rise in PAT. Most public sector banks have
performed better over year.

14 -Alpesh Gajera (2017) in his research article an financial performance evaluation of

private and public sector banks found that there in significance difference in the
financial performance of these banks and private sector banks are performed better
than public sector banks in respect of capital adequacy ratio and financial
performance,

15 Dr Richa Jain, Prof. Mitali Amit Shelankar & Prof Bharti Sumit Mirchandani,
(2017)Tools / Techniques of financial statement analysis:- The various tools and
techniques of financial statement analysis are :


Trend Percentage Analysis: It is also known as Intra firm comparison in which
the financial statements of the same company for few years are compared for
some important series of information.


Comparative Statement: These are the statement of financial positions at
different periods of time. The financial position is shown in a comparative form
over two period of time.


Common Size Statements: The common size statements, balance sheet and
income statements are shown in terms of percentages. The data is shown as
percentage of total assets, liabilities and sales.


Ratio Analysis: It is a technique of analysis and interpretation of financial
statements. It is the process of establishing and interpreting various financial
ratios for helping in taking decisions.

Funds Flow Statements: It is a statement of studying the changes in the financial
position of a business enterprise between the beginning and the end it is a
 statement indicating rises of funds for a period of time. Cash Flow Statements:
It shows the changes in cash flow between two periods.

16- AlpeshGajera (2017) in his research article an financial performance evaluation of

private and public sector banks found that there in significance difference in the
financial performance of these banks and private sector banks are performed
better than public sector banks in respect of capital adequacy ratio and financial
performance,

17- R.C.Dangwal and Reetu Kapoor (2010) conducted a study on financial

performance of commercial banks. In this study they compared financial
performance of 19 commercial banks with respect to eight parameters and they
classified the banks as excellent, good, fair and poor categories.

18- Dr.K.Srinivas and L.Saroja (2015) conducted a study to compare the financial
per-formance of HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank. From the study it is clear that there
is no significance difference between the ICICI and HDFC bank’s financial
perfor-mance but we conclude that the ICICI bank performance is slightly less
compared with HDFC.

19- Deepti Tripathi and Kishore Meghani (2016) conducted a study to compare the fi-
nancial performance of Axis and Kotak Mahindra bank (Private Sector banks).
The CAMELS’ analysis and t-test concludes that there is no significance
difference between the Axis and Kotak Mahindra bank’s financial performance
but the Kotak Mahindra bank performance is slightly less compared with Axis
Bank.

20- Said and Saucier (2003) examined the liquidity, solvency and efficiency of
Japanese Banks using CAMEL rating methodology, for a representative sample of
Japanese banks for the period 1993- 1999, they evaluated capital adequacy, assets
and management quality, earnings ability and liquidity position
21- Gupta and Kaur (2008) conducted the study with the main objective to assess the
performance of Indian Private Sector Banks on the basis of Camel Model and
gave rating to top five and bottom five banks. They ranked 20 old and 10 new
pri-vate sector banks on the basis of CAMEL model. They considered the
financial data for the period of five years i.e., from 2003-07.

22- Pai (2006) in his paper entitled “Trends in the Indian Banking Industry: Analyses
of Inter-regional Trends in Deposits and Credits” reveals that the performance of
banks ,as far as deposits and credits are concerned at two point of time, has been
largely similar.

It was also observed that private scheduled commercial banks had shown
superior performance. This would challenge the pre-eminent position of the public
sector banks. The regions studied also reveal that their growths on these
parameters, at the two points in time, have been comparable between them-selves.

23- Bodla et al. (2006) attempted to study the “Performance of SBI and ICICI Bank
through Camel Model for the Period2004-05”. They found that ICICI Bank has
Out of performed SBI in terms earning quality, the ratio of operating profit to
average working funds, Net Profit to Average assets, and soon. The same is true
regarding assets quality, earning quality, and management quality ratios. The
liquidity position of both the banks is sound and does not differ significantly.
 CHAPTER -4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

PUNJAB &SIND BANK

A) BALANCE SHEET
The balance sheet is a snapshot in time .it provides an overview of how well the
company is managing asset and liabilities. Analysis can find information about long term
v/s short-term debt on the balance sheet. They can also find information about what kind
of asset the company owns and what percentage of asset is financed with liabilities v/s
stockholder’s equity.
 ………………….Rs.In.Crore…………………
Year March 19 March 18 March 17 March 16 March 15

12 Month 12 Month 12 Month 12 Month 12 Month

EQUITIES AND LIABIL-

ITIES

SHAREHOLDER’S
FUND

Equity share Capital 400.41 400.41 400.41 275.28 254.02

Preference share capi- 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 200.00

Tal

Total Share Capital 400.41 400.41 400.41 475.28 454.02

Reserve & Surplus 5742.06 5569.81 5195.76 4536.00 4150.08

Total Shareholder’s 6142.47 5970.22 5596.18 5011.29 4604.10

Funds

Deposits 85540.16 91249.01 86174.72 84730.16 70641.50

Borrowings 2958.44 2839.01 3048.23 2305.04 2540.05

Other Liabilities & 2002.37 2522.22 2394.28 2462.66 2692.25

Provisions
Total Capital Liabili- 96643.44 102,581.42 97753.40 94509.15 80477.90
ties

ASSETS

Cash and Balance 4364.68 3822.56 3756.11 4834.49 3248.92

with RBI

Balance with Bank 225.10 1080.01 463.40 1490.35 830.29

Money at call &
Short Notice

Investment 27948.50 27645.04 26751.70 28294.11 22542.48

Advances 58334.53 63916.07 63870.18 57239.07 51430.79
Fixed Assets 1095.43 1133.44 994.83 1002.72 844.13
Other Assets 4675.20 4984.30 1917.19 1648.42 1581.30
Total Assets 96643.44 102581.42 97753.40 94509.15 80477.90

KEY PERFOMANCE
INDICATORS

Tier 1 (%)
9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
Tier 2 (%)
2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00
ASSET QUALITY

Gross NPA 6297.59 4229.05 3082.19 3553.52 1536.90

Gross NPA (%) 10 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00

Net NPA 4375.08 2949.47 2266.00 1918.60 1110.38

Net NPA (%) 8.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00

CONTINGENT
LIA-BILITIES,
COM-MITMENTS

Bills for collection 597.07 1271.91 926.93 1642.94 1592.29

Contingent liabilities 9729.68 14758.63 14263.35 9661.90 7750.60

B) PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT :-
A profit and loss statement (P&L) is a financial statement that summarizes the revenues,
costs and expenses incurred during a specific period of time, usually a fiscal quarter or
year. These records provide information about a company’s- or lack thereof – to generate
profit by increasing revenue, reducing costs, or both. The P&L statement is also referred
to as “statement of profit and loss”, “income statement,” “statement of operations,”
“statement of financial results,” and “income and expense statement.”

……………… Rs. In crore………………..

Year March19 March18 March17 March16 March15

12Month 12Month 12Month 12 Month 12Month

INCOME

Interest/Discount on Advanc-
5681.50 6655.35 6374.81 5977.67 5709.50
es/Bills

Income from Investment

2255.59 1896.51 2136.28 1880.19 1579.23

Int. on Balance with RBI and

43.73 21.66 64.69 82.03 29.98
Other Inter-Bank funds

192.06 170.82 12.77 32.82 21.41

Others

Total Interest Earned

8172.87 8744.34 8588.55 7972.71 7340.12
Other Income
578.10 478.49 428.75 427.28 417.15
Total Income
8750.97 9222.83 9017.30 8399.99 7757.28

EXPENDITURE

Interest Expended 6013.54 6568.55 6909.35 6352.12 5699.10

Payment to and Provision for 990.14 894.03 874.33 856.23 773.51

Employees

Depreciation 42.46 45.74 46.04 36.56 49.69

Operating Expenses 462.95 444.62 412.13 354.53 296.12

Total Operating Expenses 1495.55 1384.38 1332.50 1247.32 1119.33

Provision Towards Income 70.63 63.09 1.49 0.00 150.39

Tax

Provision Towards -423.33 99.34 24.48 -57.25 -2.91

Deferred Tax

Provision Towards Other Tax- 0.00 0.00 0.80 2.96 0.00

es

Other Provision and 1393.49 771.49 627.33 554.21 452.15

Contin-gencies

Total Provision and 1040.79 938.92 654.10 499.92 599.63

Contin-gencies

Total Expenditure 8549.89 8886.85 8895.95 8099.36 7418.06

Net Profit/Loss for the Year 201.08 335.97 121.35 300.63 339.22

Net Profit/Loss Previous Year 201.08 335.97 121.35 300.63 339.22

Profit/Loss Brought Forward 1812.78 1679.19 1635.51 1543.08 1422.52

Total Profit/Loss Available 2015.86 2017.16 1756.51 1843.08 1761.73

for Appropriations

APPROPRIATIONS

Transfer To /From 50.50 84.00 48.00 75.25 85.00

Statutory Reserve

Transfer To/From Special Re- 72.32 17.72 0.23 0.00 0.00

serve

Transfer To/ From Capital 33.77 21.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

Re-serve

Transfer To/ From 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

General Reserve

Transfer To / From Revenue 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.03 34.77

And Other Reserve

Equity Share Dividend 0.00 66.07 24.02 60.56 68.08

Preference Share Dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.44

Tax On Dividend 0.00 13.45 5.42 31.35 14.36

Balance Carried Over To 1857.27 1812.78 1679.19 1635.51 1543.08

Balance Sheet

Total Appropriations 2015.86 2017.16 1756.86 1843.71 1761.73

OTHER INFORMATION

EARNINGS PER SHARE

5.02 8.39 3.59 10.69 13.49
Basic EPS (Rs.)

Diluted EPS (Rs.) 5.02 8.39 3.59 10.69 13.49

DIVIDEND PERCENTAGE

Equity Dividend Rate (%)

0.00 17.00 6.00 22.00 27.00
 C) Cash Flow statement:-

The cash flow statement is a combination of both the income statement and the balance
sheet. For some analysis, the cash flow statement is the most important financial
statement because it provides reconciliation between net income and cash flow. This is
where analysts can see how much the company is spending on stock repurchases,
dividends and capital expenditures. It also provides the source and uses of cash flow
from operations, investing and financing.
………………………..Rs.In.Crore…………………….
Year March 19 March 18 March 17 March16 March 15

12 Month 12 Month 12Month 12 Month 12 Month

Net Profit Before Tax 201.08 335.97 121.35 300.63 339.22

Net Cash From Operating Ac- -508.85 929.54 -1981.62 2468.55 -25.91
Tivities

Net Cash (used in)/from -19.84 -37.89 -84.49 -58.02 -81.49

Investing Activities

Net Cash (used in)/from Fi- 215.90 -208.59 -39.22 -164.91 -128.80
nancing Activities

Net (decrease)/increase In -312.79 683.06 -2105.33 2245.63 -236.21

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Opening Cash & Cash Equiv- 4902.57 4219.51 6324.84 4079.21 4315.42
Alents

Closing Cash & Cash Equiva- 4589.78 4902.57 4219.51 6324.84 4079.21
Lents
 D) CAPITAL STRUCTURE:-
PUNJAB & SIND BANK

Period instrument Authorized Issued capital PAIDUP

Capital Shares (no’s) face value
capital
( Rs. Cr ) ( Rs. Cr )

From
To

2012 Equity share 750 254.02 254021200 10

2015 254.02

2015 Equity share 750 275.28 275284212 10

2016 275.28

2016- Equity share 750 400.41 400411027 10

2017 400.41

2017- Equity share 750 400.41 400411027 10

2018 400.41

2018 Equity share 750 400.41 400411027 10

2019 400.41
KEY RATIO

Profit before tax, profit after tax(Rs. In crore)

PBT stands for profit before tax, and PAT stands for profit after tax.

The graph show how the net profit of the company stand reduces due to the impact of tax. Table-1

YEAR PBT PAT CHANGE (%) CHANGE (%)

PBT PAT

2017 486.69 339.22 - -

2018 246.34 300.63 -49.38% - 11.38%

2019 148.12 121.35 - 39.87% - 59.63%

2018 498.40 335.97 236.48% 176.86%

2019 250.47 201.08 - 49.75% - 40.15%

600

486.69 498.4
500

400
339.22 335.97
300.63
300 PBT
246.34 250.47
PAT
201.08
200
148.12
121.34
100

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
INTERPRETATION:-

 From The above figure 4.1 & Table -1 we can see that profit before tax in 2015 is
Rs.486.69cr.which has been decreased in year 2016 to Rs. 246.34cr. Which has
further decreased to Rs.148.12cr. in year 2017 but decreasing rate has been reduced
from -49.38 % to -39.37 %.

 In the year 2018 profit before tax increase to Rs.498.40cr. which is increasing rate
236.48% but in year 2019 PBT further reduced to Rs. 250.47cr.the decreasing rate is
-49.75%.

 In the year 2018, the PBT has been increased due to favorable market condition. It
may also due to demonetization .due to which bank has received huge amount of cash
deposits.

 Some situation is also in case of profit after tax where there is huge reduction in 2017,
but it increased by 176.86%in 2018. In the year 2019, it has further reduced to
-40.15%.
 2 – NETWORTH:-

Net worth is the difference between a company’s total asset and its total
liabilities. It is also known as shareholder ‘equity.

Table -2

YEAR NETWORTH ( Rs.in CHANGE (%)

crore)

2017 4604.10 -

2018 5011.28 8.84%

2019 5596.17 11.67%

2018 5970.22 6.68%

2019 6142.47 2.89%

NETWORTH ( Rs. In. CRORE )

stand alone
7000

6000

5000

4000

stand alone
3000

2000

1000

0
2019 2018 2019 2018 2017
INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.2 & table -2 we can see that the net worth in year 2015 is Rs.
4604.10cr. Which has been increased in year 2016 to Rs.5011.28cr.and the increasing
rate was 8.84%.

 Which has further increased to Rs.5596.17cr. in year 2017 the increasing rate was
11.67%. Which was the highest change rate

 In the year 2018 which has also increases to Rs. 5970.22cr. But the change rate was
in decreasing order from 11.67% to 6.68%.

 In the year 2019 which has also increases to Rs.6142.47cr. but the change rate
decreasing from 6.68% to 2.89%.
3-DEPOSITE AND ADVANCES:-

Deposits are liability to bank, which need money to lend . It is the amount that any citizen
(resident or no- resident) keep with the bank subject to some regulatory compliance. In turn,
banks pay interest on deposits. it is considered the safest form of investment . Deposits are of
two types current and savings deposits (CASA) as well as term deposits.

Advances are the amount that banks lend to individuals and companies. They charges
interest on loans. Interest rates vary depending on the terms and conditions of such credit.
Banks raise money to lend through different sources like deposits, money market and so on.

The difference between credit and deposits is expressed as CD ratio in banking parlance.
Neither an extreme lower nor higher CD ratio is good for banks; generally, a high CD ratio
means credit growth is higher than deposit growth. Alternatively, it also suggests, bank may
be hiring more from debt market than deposits. A lower CD ratio means, deposit growth is
higher than credit expansion.

(Rs. in crore)

YEAR DEPOSITES ADVANCES DEPOSITE ADVANCES

CHANGE CHANGE
(%) (%)

2017 70641.50 51430.79 - -

2018 84730.16 57239.07 19.94 11.29

2019 86714.72 63870.18 2.34 11.58

2018 91249.96 63916.07 5.23 0.07

2019 85540.16 58334.53 -6.26 -8.73

DEPOSITS & ADVANCES (Rs. In Crore)

100000

90000

80000

70000

60000

50000 deposite
advances
40000

30000

20000

10000
0
Mar-19 Mar-18 Mar-17 Mar-16 mar 2017

INTERPRETATION:-

 from the above figure4.3 &table -3 We can see that deposits in year 2015 is Rs.
70614.50cr.Which has been increased in the year 2016 to Rs.84730.16.Which has
further increased to Rs.86714.72cr.in the year 2017 but the changing % rate reduced
from 19.94% to 2.34%.

 In the year 2018 deposits increases to Rs.91249.96cr. which is increasing rate

236.48% but in year 2019 deposits further reduced to Rs.85540.16cr. the decreasing
rate is -6.26%.

 In the year 2018 the deposit has been increased it May also due to demonetization due
to which bank has received huge amount of cash deposits.

 Same situation is also in case of advances in year 2015 is Rs.51430.79cr. which has
increased in the year 2016 to Rs.57239.07 the increasing rate is 11.29%.

 Which has further increasing in year 2017 to Rs.63870.18cr.which has also increasing
to Rs.63916.07cr. but increasing rate is fall from 11.58% to 0.07%.

 In the year 2019 which has decreases to Rs.58334.53cr. the decreasing rate is -8.73%.
 4- CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR):-

Capital Adequacy ratio (CAR) is the measure of a bank’s capital and expressed in percentage
term. In simple terms, this capital is set aside by banks to protect depositors. A lower CAR
means a prone to the risk of going burst in case of any crisis. However, a very high CAR
means , the bank is doing enough business .

Table -4

YEAR CAR CHANGE %

2017 12.91 -

2018 11.04 -14.48%

2019 11.24 1.81 %

2018 10.91 -2.94%

2019 11.05 1.28%

(Capital Adequacy ratio)

standalone

15
12.91
11.04 11.24 10.91 11.05

standalone

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.4 & table -4 we can see that the capital adequacy ratio of
Punjab & Sind Bank was 12.91. In the next year 2016 which is decreases as
compare to year 2015 to 11.04. The decreasing rate is -14.48%.

 And in year 2017 which is increase to 11.24 with increasing rate 1.81%. But the
next year 2018 it is decreases to 10.91. With decreasing rate -2.94%.

 And which has further increased in the year 2019 to 11.05. The increasing
rate is 1.28%.

 From all the study period the capital adequacy ratio of Punjab & Sind Bank is
greater than 10%. However, a very high CAR means, the bank is doing enough
business.
 5- NET INTEREST INCOME:-

Net Interest Income is the difference between interest payments the company receives on/
loans outstanding and interest payments the company makes to customers on their
deposits.

YEAR NET INTEREST INCOME CHANGE %

(Rs. In Crore )

2015 1641.02 -

2016 1620.59 -1.25%

2017 1679.20 3.62%

2018 2175.79 29.57%

2019 2159.33 -0.76%

Net interest income

standalone
2500

2175.79 2159.33
2000
1679.2
1641.02 1620.59
1500

standalone
1000

500

0
2019 2018 2019 2018 2017
INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.5 & table-5 we can see that the net interest income of Punjab
&Sind Bank in the year 2015 is Rs.1641.02cr. which has decreases in the year 2016 to
Rs.1620.59cr. With the decreasing rate is -1.25%.

 Which has further increases to Rs. 1679.20cr in year 2017 with the positive increasing
rate is 3.62%.

 In year 2018 the net interest income is also increasing to Rs. 2175.79cr. With higher
increasing rate i.e.-29.57%.

 But as compare to 2018 the net interest income is decreases in year 2019 to Rs.
2159.33. The decreasing change rate is -0.76%.

 The year 2016 and 2019 shows a negative change in rate % and 2018 show a higher
net interest income.
 PROFIT BEFORE TAX
Profit before tax deducts all expenses from revenue including interest expenses and operating
expenses, excluding tax. Since taxes change every year, PBT gives investors a good idea
about the company profits every year.

YEAR PBT (Rs. In crore ) CHANGE %

2015 486.69 -

2016 246.34 -49.38 %

2017 148.12 -39.87 %

2018 498.40 236.48 %

2019 250.47 -49.75 %

stanalone
500
450
400
350
300
250
stanalone
200
150
100
50
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
INTERPRETATION:-
 From The above figure 4.6 & Table -6 we can see that profit before tax in 2015 is
Rs.486.69cr.which has been decreased in year 2016 to Rs. 246.34cr. Which has
further decreased to Rs.148.12cr. in year 2017 but decreasing rate has been reduced
from -49.38 % to -39.37 %.

 In the year 2018 profit before tax increase to Rs.498.40cr. which is increasing rate
236.48% but in year 2019 PBT further reduced to Rs. 250.47cr.the decreasing rate is
-49.75%.

 In the year 2018, the PBT has been increased due to favorable market condition. It
may also due to demonetization .due to which bank has received huge amount of cash
deposits.
 DATA ANALYSIS
PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK

A) BALANCE SHEET:-

…………………….Rs.In.Crore………………

Year March 19 March 18 March 17 March 16 March 15

12 Month 12 Month 12 Month 12 Month 12Month

CAPITAL AND LIABILI-

TIES

Total Share Capital 425.59 392.72 370.91 362.07 353.47

Equity Share Capital 425.59 392.72 370.91 362.07 353.47

Reserves 37670.86 35072.64 37321.06 34125.07 30894.58

Net Worth 38096.45 35465.36 37691.97 34487.14 31248.05

Deposits 621704.02 553951.13 501378.64 451396.75 391560.06
Borrowings 40763.34 59755.24 45670.55 48034.41 39620.92

662467.36 612806.37 547049.19 499431.16 431180.98

Total Debt

Other Liabilities & Provi-

16016.21 61273.94 17204.89 15093.44 15019.15
Sions

Total Liabilities 716580.02 66454.67 601946.05 5493011.44 477448.18

ASSETS

Cash & Balances with

RBI 2510.00 26479.07 24224.94 22245.58 17886.25

Balance with Banks,

Money at Call 63121.65 47144.02 31709.23 22972.87 9249.13
Advances 419493.15 380534.40 380534.40 349269.13 308725.21

Investments 186725.44 151282.36 151282.36 143785.50 129896.19

Gross Block 6273.25 3551.48 3551.48 3419.74 3357.68

Revaluation Reserves 3750.53 1387,55 1387.55 1408.18 1428.85

Net Block 2522,72 2163.93 2163.93 2011.56 1928.83

Other Assets 19507.06 12031.19 12031.19 8727.10 9762.58

Total Assets 716580.02 664545.67 601946.05 549011.74 477448.19

Contingent Liabilities 358610.46 359017.11 293586.00 238008.93 231810.55

Book Value (Rs) 179.03 180.61 203.24 952.50 884.03

 B) PROFIT & LOSS A/C:-
…………………….Rs.In.Crore…………………….

Year March 19 March 18 March17 March 16 March14

12 Month 12Month 12Month 12 Month 12Month

INCOME

Interest Earned 47275.99 47424.35 46315.36 43223.25 41893.33

Other Income 8951.37 6877.02 5890.73 4576.71 4215.92

Total Income 56227.36 54301.37 52206.09 47799.96 46109.25

EXPENDITURE

Interest expended
32282.82 32112.57 29759.79 27077.28 27036.82
Employee Cost
5420.72 6425.95 7336.91 6510.45 5674.72
Selling, Admin & Misc Ex-
16773.99 19341.52 11677.58 10517.26 8331.53
penses
318.50
Depreciation 425.04 395.73 370.23 352.39

Operating Expenses 9379.39 9972.46 10491.55 9338.21 8165.05

Provisions & Contingencies

13240.36 16190.74 8893.17 8041.89 6159.79
Total Expenses
54902.57 58275.77 49144.51 44457.38 41361.57
Net Profit for the year
1324.80 -3974.40 3061.58 3342.58 4747.67
Equity Dividend
0.00 0.00 627.98 362.07 954.38
Corporate Dividend Tax
0.00 0.00 106.72 58.66 162.20
Per share data (annualized)

Earning Per Share 6.23 -20.24 16.51 92.32 134.31

Equity Dividend (%) 0.00 0.00 165.00 100.00 270.00

Book Value (Rs) 179.03 180.61 203.24 952.50 884.03

60
APPROPRIATION

Transfer to statutory Reserve

1324.80 -3974.40 2326.88 2921.85 3631.10
Transfer to other Reserve
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01
Proposed Dividend/Transfer
0.00 0.00 734.70 420.73 1116.58
to Govt

Total 1324.80 -3974.40 3061.58 3342.58 4747.67

C) CASH FLOW STATEMENT:

…………………….Rs.In.Crore…………

Year March19 March 18 March 17 March16 March 15

12Month 12Month 12Month 12Month 12Month

Net Profit Before Tax 1324.80 -3974.40 3061.58 3342.57 4747.67

Net CashFlow From Operating 12497.05 17615.37 5618.67 17729.12 -1886.71

Activities

Net Cash Used In Investing Ac- -527.18 -782.74 -848.67 -634.40 -650.85
Tivities

Net Cash Used From Financing 738.69 856.29 5945.72 988.35 844.91
Activities

Net (decrease)/increase In cash 12708.56 17688.92 10715.73 18083.06 -1692.65

and Cash Equivalents

Cash And Cash Equivalents 75623.09 55934.17 45218.45 27135.38 28828.03

Begin of Year

Cash And Cash Equivalents End 88331.65 73623.09 55934.17 45218.45 27135.38
Of Year

61
 D) CAPITAL STRUCTURE:-
PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK

Period instrument Authorized Issued cap- PAIDUP

Capital ital
Shares (no’s) Face value
( Rs. Cr. ) (Rs. Cr. ) capital
From
To

2012 Equity 3000 353.47 353473396 10

2015 shares 353.47
2015 Equity 3000 362.07 362069926 10
2016 shares 362.07
2016 Equity 3000 370.91 1854556947 2
2017 shares 370.91
2017 Equity 3000 392.72 4963597490 2
2018 shares 392.72
2018 Equity 3000 425.59 2127968258 2
2019 shares 425.59
 E) KEY RATIO:-
Profit before Tax & Profit after Tax
PBT stands for Profit before Tax, and PAT stands for Profit after Tax.

The graph visually shows how the net profit of the company stand reduced due to the
impact of Tax.

Year PBT PAT Change (%)

( Rs. In. Crore ) ( Rs. In. Crore ) PBT PAT

2015 6521.76 4747.67 - -

2016 4690.51 3342.57 -28.08 -29.60

2017 3957.25 3061.58 -15.63 -8.41

2018 -5737.88 -3974.39 - -

2019 2011.54 1324.80 - -

PROFIT BEFORE TAX & PROFIT AFTER TAX

(Rs. In. Crore)

8000

6000

4000

2000
PBT
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 PAT
-2000

-4000

-6000

-8000
INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.7 & table -7 we can analysis the PBT in 2015 is
Rs.6521.76cr. which has been decreased in year 2016 to Rs. 4690.51cr. Show a
decreasing rate is -28.08% .Which has further decreased to Rs.3957.25 in the year
2017. But decreasing rate has been reduced from -28.08% to -15.63% and in the year
2018 the PBT shows in a negative form. And in year 2019 the PBT is Rs.2011.54.

 In the year 2015 the PBT has been increased due to favorable market condition.

 Same situation is also same in the profit after tax (PAT) , In year 2015 PAT is Rs.
4747.67cr.Which has been decreased in year 2016 to Rs.3342.57cr. with the negative
change rate -29.60% . This has further decreasing to Rs.3061.58cr.in the year 2017.

 But the decreasing rate was reduced from -29.60% to -8.41%. In the year 2018 PAT
shows in a negative form.

 In the year 2019 PAT is Rs.1324.80cr.

8-Net Interest Income:-

Net Interest Income is the difference between interest payments the company receives on
loans outstanding and interest payments the company makes to customers on their deposits.

Table -8

NET INTEREST INCOME CHANGE ( % )

YEAR
(Rs. In. Crore ) STANDALONE

STANDALONE

2015 14856.51 -

2016 16145.97 8.68

2017 16555.57 2.54

2018 15311.78 -7.51

2019 14993.17 -2.08

Net interest income ( Rs. In . Crore )

17000

16555.57
16500
16145.97
16000

15500
15311.78 standalone
14993.17
15000 14856.51

14500

14000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INTERPRETATION:-
 From the above figure 4.8 and table-8 we can see that the net interest income of the bank
is in the year 2015 was Rs.14856.51cr. Which has increased to Rs.16145.97cr.in the year
2016.The increasing change rate was 8.68% in the year 2016.

 In the year 2017 it has also increased to Rs.16555.57cr But increasing change rate
has reduced from 8.68% to 2.54%.

 But in the year 2018 the net interest income was reduced to Rs.15311.78cr. and the
change rate decreased to -7.51%.

 In the year 2019 it has again decreased to Rs.14993.17cr. but the decreasing rate is
re-duced from -7.51% to -2.08%.
 9-Profit before Tax:-
Profit before tax deducts all expenses from revenue including interest expenses and
operating expenses, excluding tax. Since taxes change every year, PBT gives investors a
good idea about the company profits every year.

Table -9

Year Profit before tax Change ( % )

( Rs. In Crore ) Standalone
Standalone

2015 6521.76 -

2016 4690.51 - 28.08

2017 3957.25 -15.63

2018 -5737.88 -

2019 2011.54 -

PROFIT BEFORE TAX (Rs. In. Crore)

8000

6000

4000

2000
standalone2
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
-2000

-4000

-6000
INTERPRETATION:-
 From the above figure 4.9 and table 9, we can see that the profit before tax is
in the year 2015 is Rs.6521.76cr. which has been decreased to Rs.
4690.51cr. in the year 2016. And decreasing change rate was -28.08%.
 In the year 2017, The PBT decreased to Rs.3957.35cr. but the decreasing
change rate reduced from -28.08% to -15.63%.
 In the year 2018 The PBT has again decreased to Rs.-5737.88cr. This show a
huge change in the PBT of the Bank.
 But in the year 2019 the PBT has been increased to Rs 2011.54cr.Which is
better as compare to PBT of year 2018.
 The above figure show a PBT of Punjab National Bank has continuously
fluc-tuating.
Profit after Tax
Profit after tax, also referred as the bottom-line, is a measure of the profitability of the
company after deducting all its expenses.

Year Profit after tax Change ( % )

( Rs. In. Crore ) Standalone
Standalone

2015 4747.67 -

2016 3342.57 - 29.60

2017 3061.58 - 8.41

2018 -3974.39 -

2019 1324.80 -

PROFIT AFTER TAX ( Rs. In. Crore )

6000
5000

4000

3000
2000
1000
standalone
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
-1000
-2000

-3000

-4000

-5000

INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure4.10 and table 10 we can see that the profit after tax (PAT) was
in the year 2015 was Rs.4747.67 cr. Which has further decreased to Rs.3342.57cr. in
the next year 2016 and decreasing change rate was -29.60%.

 And again which has been decreased to Rs.3061.58 in the year 2017 but decreasing
change rate reduced from -29.60 % to -8.41%.

 We can see that in the year 2018 the PAT is negative i.e. Rs.-3974.39cr. and the
decreasing change rate was Nil.

 But in current year i.e2019 the PAT is to increases to Rs. 1324.84cr.

Networth
Net worth is the difference between a company's total assets and its total liabilities. It is
also known as shareholder`s equity.

Year Net worth (Rs. In crore ) Change ( % )

2015 32676.90 -

2016 35895.32 9.85

2017 39079.52 8.87

2018 38310.14 -1.97

2019 41846.98 9.23

NETWORTH (Rs. In. Crore)

standalone
45000 41846.98
39079.52 38310.14
40000
35895.32
35000 32676.9

30000

25000
standalone
20000

15000

10000

5000

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.11 & table 11 we can see that the Net worth of the Punjab na-
tional bank in the year 2015 is Rs.32676.90cr.Which has increased
toRs.35895.32cr.in the year 2016.The change rate is 9.85%.
  In the year 2017 which has been increased to Rs.39079.52cr. but the change rate has
reduced from 9.85%to 8.87%.

 The net worth of the bank also decreases in the year 2018 to Rs.38310.14cr. with the
decreasing rate is -1.97%. Which has been also increased in the year 2019 to
Rs.41846.98cr. and increasing rate is 9.23%.

12-BOOK VALUE:-

Book value is a company's assets minus its liabilities. In simple terms it would be the
amount of money that a share holder would get if a company were to liquidate.

Table-12

Year Book value ( Rs ) Change (% )

Standalone Standalone

2015 884.03 -

2016 952.50 7.75

2017 203.24 -78.66

2018 180.61 -11.13

2019 179.03 -0.87

Book Value (Rs)

1000
900
800
700
600
500
standalone
400
300
200
100
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.12 and table 12 we can see that the book value of bank was
in the year 2015 was Rs.884.03 which has increased to Rs.952.50 in the year 2016.
The increased in change rate has 7.75%

 But in the next year which has reduced to Rs.203.24 and the decrease change rate was
-78.66%.

 In the year 2018 it has again decreased to Rs.180.61 but the change rate was reduced
from -78.66% to -11.13%.

 In the year 2019 which has further decrease to Rs.179.03 and the change rate reduced
from -11.13% to -0.87%.
 13- DEPOSITS AND ADVANCE:-
Deposits are liability to banks, which need money to lend. It is the amount that any citizen
(resident or no-resident) keep with the bank subject to some regulatory compliance. In turn,
banks pay interest on deposits. It is considered the safest form of investment. Deposits are of
two types current and savings deposits (CASA) as well as term deposits.

Advance is the amount that banks lend to individuals and companies. They charge interest on
loans. Interest rates vary depending on the terms and conditions of such credit. Banks raise
money to lend through different sources like deposits, money market and so on.

The difference between credit and deposits, is expressed as CD ratio in banking parlance.
Neither an extreme lower nor higher CD ratio is good for banks. Generally, a high CD ratio
means credit growth is higher than deposit growth. Alternatively, it also suggests, banks may
be hiring more from debt market than deposits. A lower CD ratio means, deposit growth is
higher than credit expansion.

Year Deposits Advance Change ( % )

Deposits advance

2015 391560.60 308725.21 - -

2016 451396.75 349269.13 15.28 13.13

2017 501378.64 380534.40 11.07 8.95

2018 553051.13 412325.80 10.31 8.35

2019 621704.02 419493.15 12.41 1.74

Deposits & advance (Rs. In Crore)

700000

600000

500000

400000
deposits
300000 advance

200000

100000

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.13 and table 13 we can see that in the year 2015 the deposits
of the bank was Rs.391560.60cr. which has been increased to Rs.451396.75 in the
year 2016. The increased rate of change of deposits was 15.28%.

 Which has further increased to Rs.501378.64cr in the year 2017 but the increased
change rate has been reduced to 11.07%.

 In the year 2018 it was again increased to Rs.553051.13 but the increased change rate
was reduced to 10.31%. Which has further increased to Rs.621704.02 in the year
2019, and the change rate has increased to 12.41%.

 Same situation is also in case of advance. In the year 2015 the advance was
Rs.308725.21 which has been increased to Rs, 349269.13 in the year 2016. The rate
of change in advance was 13.13%.

 In the year 2017 again advance was increased to Rs.380534.40 but the change rate
was decreased to 11.07%.
  The advances has again increased in the year 2018 and 2019 to Rs.412325.8 and
419493.15 respectively but the change rate reduces to 10.31% in year 2018 and
increases in the year 2019 to 12.41%.

CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is the measure of a bank's capital and expressed in percentage
term. In simple terms, this capital is set aside by banks to protect depositors. A lower CAR
means a bank is prone to the risk of going burst in case of any crisis. However, a very high
CAR means, the bank is not doing enough business.

Table -14

year Capital adequacy ratio Change ( % )

2015 12.72 -

2016 12.11 -4.80

2017 12.89 6.44

2018 11.28 -12.49

2019 11.66 3.37

Capital adequacy ratio

standalone
13 12.89
12.72
12.5
12.11
12
11.66
11.5 11.28
standalone
11

10.5

10
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
INTERPRETATION:-

 From the above figure 4.14 and table 14 we can see that the capital adequacy ratio of
Punjab national bank in the year 2015 was 12.72 which has been decreased to 12.11
in the year 2016 and the decrease change rate between 2015 -2016 was -4.80%.

 In the year 2017 it has increased to 12.89 and also increase change rate from -4.80%
to 6.44%.

 In the year 2018 CAR again fall to 11.28 and change rate decreased to -12.49%.

 As compare to 2018 in the year 2019 the CAR increase to 11.66 and the increase
change rate is 3.37%.
 CHAPTER -5
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDING

6000
1.8
5000

4000

3000 PNB
P&S Bank
2000

1000
2.4
0 4.4
PBT PAT Networth

INTERPRETATION:-
 The Average PBT of Punjab & Sind bank is Rs.326.004cr.and Punjab Na-
tional Bank is Rs.2288.636cr.Which implies that the PBT of Punjab
National Bank (PNB) is more than the Punjab & Sind Bank.

 The Average PAT of P&S Bank is Rs.259.65cr. and PNB is Rs.1700.446cr.

Which implies that the PAT of PNB is more than the P&S Bank

 The Net worth of P&S Bank is Rs.5464.848cr. and PNB is

Rs.37561.772cr.Which implies that the Net worth of PNB is more than the
P&S Bank.
 600000
500000
400000
300000
PNB
200000
P&S BANK
100000
0
Deposits Advance Net interest
income

INTERPRETATION:-
 The Average deposits of P&S Bank are Rs. 83775.3cr.and PNB is
Rs.50381.228cr. Which is implies that the deposit of PNB is more than the
P&S Bank.

 The Average Advance of P&S Bank is Rs.58958.128cr. and PNB is

Rs.374069.538cr. which implies that the average advance of PNB is more
than the P&S Bank.

 The Average Net interest income of P&S Bank is Rs.1855.186cr.and PNB

is Rs.15572.6cr.Which is implies that the Average Net interest in-come of
PNB is more than the P&S Bank.
 12.2

12

11.8

11.6 P&S Bank

PNB
11.4

11.2

11

Capital adequacy ratio

INTERPRETATION:-

 The Average Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of P&S Bank is 11.43.and

PNB is 12.132. Which is implies that the capital adequacy ratio of PNB
is more than the P&S Bank.
5.2 CONCLUSION:-


Punjab & Sind bank and Punjab National Bank are growing rapidly in India in public
sector. To compare the financial performance of the Bank, Various key ratios have
been used to measure the bank’s performance.


According to the analysis, both the banks are maintaining the required standard and
running profitably. The Comparison of the performance of Punjab & Sind bank and
Punjab National Bank indicates that are significant difference between performance
of Punjab & Sind Bank and Punjab National Bank in terms of Deposits, Advance, Net
interest income, PBT, PAT, Net worth, CAR etc.


All the two banks have succeeded in maintaining CAR at a higher level than the
prescribed level, 10% But the Punjab National Bank has maintained highest across the
duration of last five year. It is very good sign for the bank to survive and to expand in
future.


The all ratio used in the study. The Averages figure of Punjab National Bank is the
best followed Punjab & Sind Bank.


Thus is established that the Punjab National Bank is the best bank in the selected
Public sector banks.


It is referred that that Punjab National Bank have an extensive operation than Punjab
& Sind Bank.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

 ‘’Indian Financial system & commercial banking’’ by khan Masood Ahmed

 “Banking in India’’ by P.N.Varshney.

 Nathwani, Nirmal (2004) The study of financial performance of banking sector of

India .PhD thesis, saurashtra university.

 Arabian journal of business & management Review (OMAN. Chapter) Vol.4,

no.8, March 2017.

 Study of financial performance of public sector bank in…Chowdari prasad and

K.S, Srinivasa Rao.(2004)…A AWOT Analysis, Bankers Profession ,pp28-33.4

 K.SRINIVAS (2010): “Pre and Post Merger Financial Performance of Merged

banks- A select study,” Indian journal of Finance, may2010.

 Sanjay.J.Bhayani (2006): “Performance of the new Indian Private banks- A

comparative study, Banking Review, pp 28-33.

website
 WWW.investopedia.com/term/C/capital adequacy.ratio.asp

 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/all-about-capital-edquacy-
ratio/what-is-capitaladequacy-ratio./slideshow

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 WWW.pnbindia.in

 WWW.academia.edu

 WWW.Moneycontrol.com/financial/punjabnationalbank/balance-
sheet/PNB05

 WWW.Moneycontrol.com/financial/punjabnationalbank/profit-
lossVI/PNB05#PNB05

 WWW.moneycontrol.com/financial/punjabnationalbank/cash-
flowVI/PNB05#PNB05
 WWW.moneycontrol.com/financial/punjabnational/capital-
structure/PNB05#PNB05

 WWW.moneycontrol.com/financial/punjabsindbank/balance-
sheetVI/PSB#PSB

 WWW.moneycontrol.com/financials/punjabsindbank/profit-
lossVI/PSB#PSB

 WWW.moneycontrol.com/financials/punjabsindbank/cash-
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 http://myimsv2.imsindia.com/2018/05/28/banking-structure-in-india/