Learning
-relatively permanent change in a
person’s knowledge or behaviour
as a result of experience.
1. the change is long term
2. the source of knowledge
comes from within the external
structures of memory or
knowledge of the individual
3. the change is attributed to the
personal experiences of the
learner in his or her environment.
Social Cognitive Theory
-emphasizes the value of the
social environment in one’s
learning process that is built on
observational learning
4 Stages Observational
Learning
1. Attention
- when a person focuses on
information that he/she perceives
to be interesting and useful
2. Retention
- stores and gives a mental
representation of the information.
3. Motor Reproduction
- recalls and rehearses the info
given
4. Motivation
-repeats the entire process
constantly and consistently.
The Notions of Learning
Self-efficacy
-people believe that they can
confidently learn and master a
particular skill
Self-efficacy (Albert Bandura)
1. Mastery Experience
-accomplishing tasks that lead to
more complex task
2. Social Modelling
-observing an identifiable model
who accomplishes the task.
3. Improving Physical &
Emotional States
-being relaxed and calm before
pursuing a challenging task.
4. Verbal Persuasion
-providing encouragement and
feedback during the
accomplishment of a challenging
task
Human Agency
-people influence their own
environments by their
characteristics and behaviour
-people influence other people
-they influence social groups in
attaining benefits that can be
experienced by many.
1. Intentionality
-making an active decision to
engage in particular activities
2. Forethought
-anticipating outcomes and
consequences of particular
actions
3. Self-reactiveness
-Constructing and regulating
behaviour appropriately.
4. Self-reflectiveness
-reflecting and evaluating one’s
thoughts and behaviour.
2 Strategies in Learning
1. Deep Learning
-deeper understanding of info by
creating significant meaningful
links
2. Surface Learning
-accept the info and memorize it
in an unlinked manner.
Emotions
-serves as a driving force in how
one acts and behaves.
-play a part in making decision,
embracing certain lifestyles and
relating to others.
Conquistador
-a Spanish conqueror
Inquilino
-a tenant who rented land from from the Philippines through a
the friars and subleased the land decree issued by King Charles
to sharecroppers III on February 27, 1767
Sharecroppers (kasamá) -the hacienda along with Jesuits
-an individual who rented the properties were confiscated by
land from an inquilino and the government and put under
worked the land the management of the Office of
Canon Jesuit Temporalities
-annual rent paid by the Don Clemente de Azansa
inquillino -Spanish layman who bought the
Caballeria hacienda from the government
-a small tract of land included in for 44,507 Pesos in 1803.
a land grant Dominicans
Sitio de Ganado Mayor -bought the Hacienda for 52,000
-a large tract of land included in a Pesos in 1833 when Don
land grant Clemente died
Hacienda -many families have migrated to
-large estates that were used for the hacienda in search of
raising livestock and agricultural economic opportunities
production. Rizal’s Family
Rice and Sugar -rented one of the largest leased
-served as main commodities lands, measuring 380 hectares
produced in haciendas Sugar
Cavan -main commodity planted in the
-a measure equivalent to 75 liters hacienda
Principales Mariano Herboso
-ruling elite class -Rizal’s brother-in-law who
1,742 Hectares continued to charge the friars.
-Sitio de Ganado Mayor Complaining about the yearly
42.5 Hectares increase in rentals, faulty
-Caballeria irrigation systems, and failure to
Bulacan, Tondo(Presently issue receipts
Rizal), Cavite and Laguna -The Tenants complied and
-regions in Tgalog who continued submiited a report they also
to grow the estates by the 19th attached a petition authored by
Century Jose Rizal.
Hacienda de Calamba 1891
-measured 16,424 Hectares -friars began to evict tenants who
Don Manuel Jauregui (1759) failed to pay rent.
-Spanish layman who owned the
Hacienda and donated it to the
Jesuits on the condition that he
would be allowed to live in the In 1833, Paciano Rizal wrote to
Jesuit Monastery for the rest of the friars were collecting rents
his life. without issuing the usual
Jesuits receipts. Two years later, the
-owned the hacienda for a mere 8 tenants failed to pay their rents
years before they were expelled because the rent had supposedly
increased while sugar prices
remained low. To punish the
tenants for not paying the rent,
the Dominicans declared the
lands vacant and invited
residents of other towns to take
over the tenancies. Because only
a few outsiders responded to the
Dominican’s invitation, the friars
weakened their position. Most
tenants, except for four or five,
were spared from eviction. The
experience affected Rizal deeply
and the increasing despair he felt
from the event would be
reflected in his second novel, El
Filibusterismo.
Episcopal Visitation
-an official pastoral visit
conducted by the bishop on a
diocese o examine the conditions
of a congregation; often done
once every three years
Garrote
-an apparatus used for capital
punishment in which an iron
collar is tightened around a
condemned person’s neck.
Polo
-forced labor that required
Filipino males from 16-60 yrs ols
for 40 days.
Regular Clergy
-priests who belong to religious
orders.
Secular Clergy
-priests who do not belong to
religious orders and are engaged
in pastoral work.
Tributo
-system of taxation imposed by
the Spanish Colonial
Omnimoda Bull
-passed by Pope Adrian VI in
1522
-allowed regulars to administer
the sacraments and act as parish
priests
-conflicted with reform est. in the
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
which declared that no priests
could care for the souls of laymen
unless they were subjected to
Episcopal Visitation.
King Philip II
-granted the discretionary power
to enforce that reforms in the
Philippines.
2 Issues of Clergy in Ph
Episcopal Visitation
Management of Parishes
2 Sources of Authority
-Bishop
-Provincial Superiors
En Viva Conquista Espiritual
-not yet Christianized
Mariano Gomez
-parish priest of Bacoor
Pedro Palaez
-Secretary of the Archbishop
Jose Burgos
-gain equality between Spanish
and Filipino Priests
Edmund Plauchut
-French writer-journalist who
gave an account of execution of
the 3 priests.
Saldua
-former artillery man
Cortes
-legislative or lawmaking body of
the Spanish Government
Creole
-a Spaniard born in the
Philippines
Mestizo
-an individual born of mixed
ancestry; Spanish Mestizo or
Chinese Mestizo
Propaganda
-info used to publicize a point of
view
Restoration
-Spanish Restoration -Philippines representation in the
-period of Spanish history Cortes
spanning the years 1874-1931 -freedom of the press
that saw the restoration of the -end of the practice of exiling
monarchy under Alfonso XII residents without due process
together with the est. Of the Priests Arrested
bicameral legislature Jose Burgos
Circulo Hispano-Filipino Jacinto Zamora
-an organization under the Jose Guevara
leadership of a creole. Mariano Gomez
Revista del Circulo Hispano- Feliciano Gomez
Filipino Mariano Sevilla
-newspaper of chf Bartolome Serra
-lasted (1882-1883) Miguel de Laza
Los Dos Mundos Justo Guazon
-periodical intention of Vicente del Rosario
demanding for the overseas Pedro Dandan
Hispanic colonies equality. Anacleto Desiderio
-Graciano Lopez Jaena & Pedro Laymen
Govantes y Azcarraga staff Gervacio Sanchez
members Pedro Carillo
España en Filipinas Maximo Inocencio
-came out during the Noli Me Balbino Mauricio
Tangere Ramon Maurente
La Solidaridad (Feb 15, 1889) Maximo Paterno
-Graciano Lopez Jaena (Editor) Jose Basa
-Marcelo H. del Pilar 3 Secular Priests
Helped the Finances Condemned (Feb. 15, 1872)
-Mariano Ponce Died (Feb 17, 1972)
-Pablo Rianzares Jose Burgos
Staff defined its program Mariano Gomez
-to combat all reaction Jacinto Zamora
-to impede all retrogression 5 Religious Orders (intro
-to applaud and accept liberal faith)
idea, Agustinians (1565)
-to defend all progress Discalced Franciscans (1578)
Contibutors Jesuits (1581)
-Jose Rizal Dominicans (1587)
-Dominador Gomez Augustinian Recollects (1606)
-Jose Maria Panganiban
-Antonio Luna
-Ferdinand Blumentritt

Reforms the newspaper

sought Noli Me Tangere
(1884-1887)
Several works that Inspired -French
Rizal to write Noli -German (By Blumetritt)
-Spoliarium by Juan Luna Tagalog (Paciano)
-Unlce Tom’s Cabin by Harriet -English (Charles Derbyshire)
Beecher Stowe 1930
Novel -NMT had several Spanish
-a long written story most often editions
about fictional events and -English; French; Japanese;
characters Tagalog; Cebuano; Waray; Iloko;
Setting Bikol
-the context were the events Testa De Ocampo
takes place -as much as the novel is elevated
Plot in the highest echelon PH literary
-flow of the narrative story history, seldom do we find
A Mi Partia Filipinos reading it in the original
-dedication of Rizal at NMT Spanish.
Censorship Benedict Anderson
-suppression of the publication of -examined the versions and
material deemed inappropriate, translations of the NMT
obscene, politically unacceptable Syed Fareed Alatas
or a threat to security -describe Rizal as probably the
Critique first systematic social thinker in
-an evaluation, analysis or the Southeast Asia
assessment of literary,
philosophical, a scientific work
Sociology
- study of the development of
social science, structures and
functioning of human society
Friars who prohibited the
circulation of the novel
Fray Salvador Font
-chair of the censorship
commission
-outlawed the reading and
possession of Rizal’s novel.
-Augustinian Cura of Tondo
Vicente Barrantes
-wrote in Spanish newspapers
that Rizal is a “man of
contradictions”
-Spanish Academic
Defenders of NMT
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
-wrote essays in response to
critics of NMT. Impulse-Collision-Momentum
Ferdinand Blumentritt Problems
Translations of NMT
1. A 5-N force is applied to a 3-kg
ball to change its velocity from
+9 m/s to +3 m/s. The impulse is
encountered by the ball for a
time of ____ seconds.

2. A 5-N force is applied to a 3-kg

ball to change its velocity from
+9 m/s to +3 m/s. The impulse
experienced by the ball is
____ N•s.

3. A 0.5-kg ball moving at 5 m/s

strikes a wall and rebounds in the
opposite direction with a speed of
2 m/s. If the impulse occurs for a
time duration of 0.01 s, then the
average force (magnitude only)
acting upon the ball is ____ N.

4. A 4.0-kg object has a forward

momentum of 20. kg•m/s. A 60.
N•s impulse acts upon it in the
direction of motion for 5.0
seconds. A resistive force of 6.0 N
then impedes its motion for 8.0
seconds. Determine the final
velocity of the object.

5. A 3.0-kg object is moving

forward with a speed of 6.0 m/s.
The object then encounters a
force of 2.5 N for 8.0 seconds in
the direction of its motion. The
object then collides head-on with
a wall and heads in the opposite
direction with a speed of 5.0 m/s.
Determine the impulse delivered
by the wall to the object.
6. In A crash test, a car of mass
1500kg collides with a wall and
rebounds as in figure. The intital
and final velocities of the car are
v= -15 m/s and v=2.6 m/s,
repectively. If the collision lasts
for 0.15 s, find
a. the impulse delivered to the
car due to the collision
b. the size and direction of the
average force exerted on the car

7. A child bounces a 100g

superball on the sidewalk. The
velocity of the superball changes
from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with
the sidewalk is 0.1 s, what is the
magnitude of the impulse
imparted to the superball?

8. A child bounces a 100g

superball on the sidewalk. The
velocity of the superball changes
from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with
the sidewalk is 0.1 s, what is the
magnitude of the force between
the sidewalk and the superball?

9. An archer stands at rest on

frictionless ice and fires a 0.5kg
arrow horizontally at 5.0 m/s, the
combined mass of the archer and
bow is 60 kg. With what velocity
does the archer move across the
ice after firing the arrow?

10. A 100 kg man and 50 kg

woman on ice skates stand facing
each other. If the woman pushes
the man backwards so that his
final speed is 1 m/s, what speed
does she recoil?
11. A 2.8-kg physics cart is
moving forward with a speed of
45 cm/s. A 1.9-kg brick is
dropped from rest and lands on
the cart. The cart and brick move
together across the horizontal
surface. Assume an isolated
system.
a. Determine the post-collision
speed of the cart and the brick.
b. Determine the momentum
change of the cart.
c. Determine the momentum
change of the brick.
d. Determine the net impulse
upon the cart.
e. Determine the net impulse
upon the system of cart and
brick.

13. A car with mass 1500 kg

travelling east at a speed of 25
m/s collides an intersection with
a 2500 kg van travelling north at
a speed of 20 m/s. Find the
magnitude and direction of the
velocity of the wreckage after the
collision, assuming that the
vehicles undergo a perfectly
inelastic collision and assuming
that the friction between the
vehicles and the road can be
neglected.

14. A 220g ball is thrown into

the air with a velocity of
(12 î +10 ĵ ) m/s. It reaches the
maximum height after 1.02s.
a. What is the initial momentum
of the ball?
b. What is the initial kinetic
energy of the ball?
c. What is the momentum of the
ball at the maximum height?
d. If the ball hits a wall on its way
down while moving a velocity of
(12 î−5 ĵ) m/s m/s causing it to
bounce changing its velocity to
(−10 î +5 ĵ ) m/s after 0.05s. Find
the force of impact experienced
by the ball when it hits the wall.
15. A 900kg car moving at
(15 î +0 ĵ ) m/s had a head on
collision wth a 2500kg truck
moving at (−10 î +20 ĵ ) m/s.
Assume the collision is
perfectly elastic.
a. What is the momentum of the
car before collision?
b. What is the momentum of the
truck before the collision?
c. What is the total momentum of
the car-truck system before
collision?
d. What is the total kinetic energy
of the car-truck system before
collision?
e. What is the velocity of the
composite car-truck after
collision? f. How much kinetic
energy was lost right after the
head-on collision?

15. A vertical spring

(k =40 N /m) is stretched from
0mm to 30mm by a hanging
load.
a. What is the mass of the
hanging load?
b. What is the elastic potential
energy of the spring at 30mm?
c. If the mass of the load is
tripled and the elastic limit is not
reached, how much will the string
be stretched?
1. At which point (A, B or C)
represents the elastic region
governed by Hooke’s law?
2. At which point (A, B or C) the
material breaks?
3. Approximately what is the
ultimate tensile strength of the
material?
4. What is the Young’s Modulus of
Elasticity of the material?
5. Rank the following materials
based on its rigidity, where 1 is
the most rigid and 3 is the least
rigid.
Material Shear Shear
Stress Strain
A 37 0.05
B 76 0.008
C 160 1.02

wal

1. What is the maximum

displacement of the spring-mass
system?
2. What is the period of
oscillation of the spring-mass
system?
3. What is the frequency
oscillation of the spring-mass
system?
4. If the mass is 150g, what is the
spring constant?
5. How much is the maximum
elastic potential energy of the
spring-mass system?
6. If the mass is tripled, what
happens to the period of
oscillation?
7. If the mass remains
unchanged but the spring
constant is quadrupled (4x), what
is the new period of oscillation of
the spring-mass system?

1.At which point/s the bob has

the maximum potential energy?
2. At which point/s the bob has
the maximum kinetic energy?
3. If the time interval for A-B:
1.5s and C-E: 3.0s, what is the
period of oscillation of the
pendulum?
4. If the mass of the bob is
doubled, the length of the spring
is reduced to half while the
pendulum oscillates on the moon
what is the new period of
oscillation?