Question 1.

 1 1 1   1 1 1  2 3
A  2 1 1 , B  2 0 1 , C  0 1 .
   
     
 1 1 2   1 1 3   2 1
a)
  1 1 1   1 1 1   2 3
 
AC  BC   A  B   C    2 1 1   2 0 1     0 1 
     
  1 1 2   1 1 3    2 1
     
 1  1 1  1 1   1   2 3 0 0 0   2 3 0 0 
 
  2   2  1  0 1  1   0 1  0 1 0    0 1  0 1  .
       
 1  1 1  1 2  3   2 1 0 0 1   2 1  2 1 
0 0
 
Answer: 0 1 .
 
 2 1 

b)
 1 1 1   1   1  1   1  1 1 

2 A  3 A   2  3  A   A   1   2 1 1    1  2
   1  1  1   1  
 1 1 2   1   1  1   1  1   2  
 1 1 1
  2 1 1  .
 
 1 1 2 
 1 1 1
 
Answer: 2 1 1 .
 
 1 1 2 
c)
1 1 1  1 0 1 
A  1 0 0 , B  1 1 0 
 
   
 0 1 1  0 0 1 
  1  1   1  1   1  0   1  0    1  1   1  0   1  1   1  0    1  1 

A B   1  1   0  1   0  0   1  0    0  1   0  0   1  1   0  0    0  1  
  0  1   1  1   1  0   0  0    1  1   1  0   0  1   1  0    1  1 
1  1  0 0  1  0 1  0  1  1 1 1
 1  0  0 0  0  0 1  0  0   1 0 1 .
   
0  1  0 0  1  0 0  0  1 1 1 1
1 1 1
 
Answer: 1 0 1 .
 
1 1 1

Question 2.
3 2 3 3
6  33
  3i  2 j     3i  3i  2  3i  4     9i  6    6  15  24  33 
i 0 j 0 i 0 i 0 2
 4  78.

Answer: 78 .

Question 3.
x1  x2  2
 x1  x2  x3  0
 x2  x3  1
We have:
 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3
  R1  R3   R3  R2   R2  R1   R3  R1
 1 1 1 0    1 1 1 0    1 1 1 0   0 1 2 3 
 0 1 1 1  0 1 1 1   1 0 2 1   1 0 2 1 
    
1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3  1 0 1 3  1 0 0 5 / 3
R3  R1
  R3 /3   R2 2 R3   R1  R3  
 0 1 2 3  0 1 2 3   0 1 0 1/ 3   0 1 0 1 / 3 .
0 0 3 4 0 0 1 4 / 3  0 0 1 4 / 3  0 0 1 4 / 3 
    
So, we get:
 5
x1  ;
3
1
x2  ;
3
4
x3  .
3
5 1 4
Answer: x1  ; x2  ; x3  .
3 3 3

Question 4.
1 1 1 1   x1  x2  x3  1;
  
 0 2 3  2   It gives us a system: 2 x2  3 x3  2;  from second equation we
 0 0 0 0  0  x  0  x  0  x  0;
 1 2 3

3
have: x2  1  x3 . Then according to this from first equation we have:
2
 3  3 5
x1  1  x3  x2  1  x3   1  x3   1  x3  1  x3  2  x3 .
 2  2 2
 5 3 
So, all solutions of the given system are ordered triples of the form  2  x3 , 1  x3 , x3 
 2 2 
where x3 takes on all real numbers. Examples of the solutions are:
1. x3  0 :  2, 1,0  ;
2. x3  2 :  7, 4,2  ;
3. x3  4 :  8,5, 4  .
Verify our solutions:
2  1  0  1; 1  1;
 
1. x3  0 :  2, 1,0  . We have:  2   1  3  0  2;  2  2;  this solution satisfy
 0  0;
0  2  0   1  0  0  0; 
original system of equations.
7  4  2  1; 1  1;
 
2. x3  2 :  7, 4,2  . We have:  2   4   3  2  2;  2  2;  this solution satisfy
 0  0;
0  7  0   4   0  2  0; 
original system of equations.
 8  5   4   1; 1  1;
 
3. x3  4 :  8,5, 4  . We have:  2  5  3   4   2;  2  2;  this solution
 0  0;
 0    8   0  5  0    4   0; 
satisfy original system of equations.

 5 3 
So, the solutions of the system is  2 
x3 , 1  x3 , x3  where x3 takes on all real numbers.
 2 2 
 5 3 
Answer:  2  x3 , 1  x3 , x3  where x3 takes on all real numbers.
 2 2 

Question 5.
 2 3 1  7 8 5 
 2 1  is the inverse of  4 5 3
Show that 1
   .
 1 1 3   1 1 1 
 2 3 1
 2 1  and
From the definition of the inverse matrix we know that if we have matrix A  1
 
 1 1 3 
 7 8 5 
 
matrix B  4 5 3 , then if B is the inverse of the matrix A , then A  B  I . So, let
 
 1 1 1 
check this:
 2 3 1  7 8 5  14  12  1 16  15  1 10  9  1 
A  B   1 2 1    4 5 3   7  8  1 8  10  1 5  6  1  
     
 1 1 3   1 1 1   7  4  3 853 5  3  3
1 0 0 
 0 1 0   I .
 
0 0 1 
So, it is true and B is the inverse matrix of the matrix A .
Answer: B is the inverse matrix of the matrix A .

Question 6.
According to the basic law of the matrix we have:
 A  B  A  B   A  B  A   A  B  B  A  A  B  A  A B  B  B 
 A2  B  A  A  B  B 2 .
Since the product is not commutative we can’t say that  B  A  A  B  0 . So,
 A  B   A  B   A2  B 2 if and only if B  A  A  B .
It can be if matrix A and matrix B is symmetric, if A  B or if B  A1 (or A  B 1 ).
Answer: if B  A  A  B (It can be if matrix A and matrix B is symmetric, if A  B or if
B  A1 (or A  B 1 )).
Question 7.
 1   1  1 
2

a) The statement P  1 is: 1   3

 .
 2 
 1   1  1 
2

b) P  1 is 1   3
  1  1  it is true.
 2 
c) Inductive hypothesis: Assume that P  k  is true. This means assume

 k  k  1 
2

13  23  ...  k 3    is true for the positive integer n.

 2 
d) In the inductive step we need to prove that P  k  1 is true. Another words, we need to

  k  1  k  2  
2

prove that 1  2  ...  k   k  1  

3 3 3 3
 is true.
 2 
 k  k  1 
2

e) If 1  2  ...  k  
3 3 3
 is true and we need to show that
 2 
  k  1  k  2  
2

1  2  ...  k   k  1  
3 3 3 3
 is true. Let do this:
 2 
 k  k  1 
2
2  k  
2

1  2  ...  k   k  1              
3 3
3 3 3
 k  1  k  1   k  1
 2    2  
  k  1  k  2  
2 2
 k 2  4k  4  2 k 2
  k  1    
2
  k  1   
    true.
 4   2   2 
 n  n  1 
2

So, we prove that P  k  1 is true. And this means that 13  23  ...  n3    .

 2 
Proved.

f) This steps show that this formula is true whenever n is a positive integer because we can use
different k if we need. This means that we can use different integers instead of k and in
different cases ( with different k) this formula will be true.

Question 8.
 a) If a  b and a, b in the domain of the function then f  a   f  b  . This means that There
is no such a  b that f  a   f  b  . If there is such a  b that f  a   f  b  , then this
means that for different a and b we have the same value of the function. But if the function is
one-to-one function, then for each number from the domain of the function there is different
value of the function and it can’t be that for different numbers from the domain of the
function we have the same value of the function. So, it can’t be that if the function is one-to-
one then there is such a  b that f  a   f  b  , so if a  b and a, b in the domain of the
function then f  a   f  b  .
Show this for our function. For example for different x   x , where x is from domain of
the function, we have: f  x   x  8 and f   x     x   8   x 3  8 . If
3 3

f  x   f   x   x 3  8   x3  8  x 3   x 3  x   x and this is false. So, if

x   x , where x is from domain of the function, then f  x   f   x  .
f  a   f  5   53  8  117;
If a  5 and b  2 then
f  b   f  2    2   8  16;
3

So, a  b  f  a   f  b  .

b) Domain is all real numbers: x  R . Inverse function: f 1

 x  3 x  8 .
Let check: if a = 5 then b = f(5) = 117. For the function that we find, we have: if x = 117, then
f 1  x   3 117  8  3 125  5  a. So, we get that for function f(x) and some x = a from
the domain of the function f(x) = b and for the inverse function that we find for x = b we have
f 1  a   b . So, the inverse function is f 1  x   3 x  8 .
Answer: f 1
 x  3 x  8 .
c)
f  f  f  f  x    f  x 3  8   x 3  8   8  x 9  24 x 6  192 x 3  512  8 
3

 x9  24 x 6  192 x3  520.
Answer: f  f  x 9  24 x 6  192 x 3  520 .

Question 9.
 1 2 
a) A   
 1 3
 a  1,
b  2,

In our case:   ad  bc   1  3  2  1  5  0  we can use formula from exercise
 c  1,
d  3.

 d b   3  2    3 2

 ad  bc ad  bc   5  5     5 5
  ad  bc  5  
1
19: A    .
 c a 

 1  1   1 1
 ad  bc ad  bc   5    5 5 
  5 
Let check this:
 3 2  3 2 2 2
   
1  1 2   5 5  5 5 5 5  1 0 
A A       I  it is true.
 1 3  1 1   3 3 2 3  0 1 
  
 5 5   5 5 5 5 
 3 2
1
 5 5 
So, inverse matrix is: A  .
 1 1
 5 5 
 3 2
1
 5 5
Answer: A   .
 1 1
 5 5 
b)
18.a) f  x   3 x  4
4 x
f 1  x    ;
3 3
4 x
f  f 1  x    3      4  x
3 3
So, the function is bijective.
Answer: bijective.

18.b) f  x   3 x  7
2

It is not bijective function because there is such a  b that f  a   f  b  . For example: x   x ,

 f  x   3x 2  7;
but   f  x  f  x .
 f   x   3    x   7  3x  7;
2 2

Answer: not bijective.

Extrapoints.
2.
 
a) 1.1  1 , because 1.1  max m  Z m  x  1 .
b) 1.1  2 , because 1.1  min  n  Z n  x  2 .

3.
a) I think that there is 18 function. We can use different surjective function (there is only 18 variants
of such functions), for example:
A  B : a  1, b  1, c  2, d  3.
A  B : a  1, b  2, c  1, d  3.
A  B : a  1, b  2, c  3, d  1.
A  B : a  2, b  1, c  1, d  3.
A  B : a  2, b  1, c  3, d  1.
A  B : a  2, b  3, c  1, d  1.
Here we use that the same values of the two arguments is 1. And there is also 6 variant for 2 and 6
variants for 3.
We can’t use injective or bijective functions because for injective function B should have more (or
equal number of elements if it’s also bijective) element than A and for bijective functions A should
have the same number of elements as B have.
So, there is 18 functions.
Answer: 18.

b). There is no injective (one-to-one) function, because for injective function number of elements in
A should be more or equal (if it’s also bijective) to the numbers of elements in B.
Answer: there is no such function if A={a,b,c,d} and B={1,2,3}.